This collection consists of short (2-5 minute) introductory videos on neuro-ophthalmological condition pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment modalities by Dr. Andrew Lee.
Andrew G. Lee, MD, Professor of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medicine; Chairman, Department of Ophthalmology, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX; Adjunct Professor of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine; Adjunct Professor of Ophthalmology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics and the University of Buffalo; Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston; UT MD Anderson Cancer Center; and Texas A and M College of Medicine.
NOVEL: https://novel.utah.edu/
TO
Filters: Collection: ehsl_novel_lee
| Title | Description | Subject | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
 |
Acute Bilateral Ophthalmoplegia | Dr. Lee lectures medical students on acute bilateral ophthalmoplegia. | Pathologies; Signs and Symptoms |
| 2 |
|
Adie's Tonic Pupil | Dr. Lee lectures medical students on Adie's tonic pupil. | Pathology; Neuroanatomy; Signs and Symptoms |
| 3 |
|
Anisocoria | Dr. Lee lectures medical students on anisocoria. | Pathologies; Pupillary Syndromes; Horner's Syndrome; Neuroanatomy |
| 4 |
 |
Central Scotoma | Dr. Lee lectures medical students on scotoma. | Scotoma; Visual Fields; Diagnosis |
| 5 |
 |
Chief Complaint: A Focused Stem | Summary: • Presenting a chief complaint as quotation marks in a patient's words may not be the best and most efficient method. • A focused chief complaint should include: o Age o Gender o Timeframe (acute, subacute, chronic) o Painful or painless o Clinical sign • Example: Optic neuritis o 20-... | History; Complaint; Diagnosis |
| 6 |
 |
Coloboma of Optic Nerve | Summary: • In embryology, the eye beings as a vesicle > stalk outpouching that forms optic cup > forms the back part of the eye (optic nerve) • Surface ectoderm invaginates to form lens placode > forms the front part of the eye o Lens placode pinches off > lens vesicle > surface = cornea • The... | Optic Nerve Coloboma; Embryology |
| 7 |
 |
Confrontation Visual Fields | Summary: • Confrontation Visual Fields o Use your own visual field as the control - cover your eye that's the comparative eye to the patient's o Test central field > Test each eye separately > Use an Amsler grid at the bedside or use your own face o Test peripheral field (4 quadrants) > Kinetic te... | Visual Fields; Peripheral Field Test |
| 8 |
 |
Cover Uncover Test vs. Alternate Cover Test | Dr. Lee lectures medical students on regular cover tests and alternative cover tests. | Cover Test; Tropia; Phoria |
| 9 |
 |
Differential Diagnosis - Tempo in History Taking | Summary: • Differential Diagnosis-VINDITCH MD o Consider the tempo of pathology: > Vascular > Ischemic • NAION o Patient gets worse, then stays the same, or a little better then stays the same > Neoplastic • Optic Nerve Sheath Meningioma o Patient gets worse, then continues to get worse > Demy... | Differential Diagnosis; Tempo; Pathology |
| 10 |
 |
Differential Diagnosis List | Summary: • Differential diagnosis in neuro-ophthalmology can be approached from patient age and prevalence of disease • Mnemonic for differential diagnosis: o V-vascular o I-inflammatory/ischemic o T-trauma o A-anaplastic o M-metabolic o I-iatrogenic/idiopathic o N-neoplastic/nutritional • Pre... | Differential; History; Examination |
| 11 |
 |
Do Not in Neuro-Ophthalmology | Summary: • No steroids to patients with fungal disease, especially immunocompromised patients • No steroids to patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (Miller Fisher variant) o Patients need IVIG/plasma exchange instead • No Botox to patients with neuromuscular junction disease (myasthenia grav... | Steroids; Botulinum Toxin; Iodine |
| 12 |
 |
Empty Sella | Summary: • Primary empty sella is found incidentally and normal in 15% of the population • Secondary empty sella causes can cause visual field defects of the optic chiasm (ex. Bitemporal hemianopsia) o Can be intrasellar or suprasellar lesions o Common causes: > Transsphenoidal surgery to remove... | Empty Sella; Visual Field Defects; Sellar Lesions |
| 13 |
 |
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis (eGPA) | Summary: • Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis (eGPA or Churg-Strauss) o Presentation key features: > Orbital inflammatory syndrome • Redness, pain, lid edema, diplopia, ophthalmoplegia, optic neuropathy > Vasculitis-like presentation • Stroke o Past medical history > asthma o America... | eGPA; Eosinophilic Granulomatosis |
| 14 |
 |
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) Interpretation and Correction | Summary: • Typical clinical scenario: elderly patient with an erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of 100 mm/hr > temporal artery biopsy to evaluate for giant cellarteritis o Do general exam, urine analysis, chest x-ray, serum protein electrophoresis, CBC, etc. o ESR is not specific but if >100 mm... | ESR; Red Blood Cells |
| 15 |
 |
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) for Ophthalmology | Summary: • Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) - rate in mL/hr of erythrocyte sedimentation o From the 1800s o How fast red blood cells (RBCs) sediment in a tube over an hour, in millimeters • Normal sedimentation rate o RBCs have a charge, and a potential is generated by that charge that keep... | ESR; Red Blood Cells |
| 16 |
 |
Facial and Eye Pain in the Ophthalmology Clinic | Dr. Lee lectures medical students on facial and eye pain. | Eye Pain; Ophthalmology; Diagnosis |
| 17 |
 |
Gaze Evoked Amaurosis | Summary: • Gaze-evoked amaurosis o Description > Transient vision loss induced by upward, downward, left, and or right gaze > A very specific finding for a lesion located in the orbit o; Pathophysiology > A tumor may compress the optic nerve, causing a stretch during extreme gaze and resulting in ... | Gaze Evoked Amaurosis; Transient Vision Loss; Lesion; Tumors |
| 18 |
 |
History of Presenting Illness in Neuro-Ophthalmology | Summary: • The HPI is taught to medical students through the mnemonic OLDCARTS: o This method gathers information regarding the onset, location, duration, characteristics, associated symptoms, radiation, timing, severity of symptoms (from 1 to 10), and aggravating and relieving symptoms of the chi... | History; Diagnosis |
| 19 |
 |
Homonymous Hemianopia | Dr. Lee lectures medical students on homonymous hemianopia. | Neuroanatomy; Pathology; Signs and Symptoms |
| 20 |
 |
Homonymous Hemianopsia with no Structural Correlate | Dr. Lee lectures medical students on homonymous hemianopasia. | Homonymous Hemianopsia; Diagnosis; Ophthalmology |
| 21 |
 |
Horner's Pharmacological Testing | Dr. Lee lectures medical students on Horner's syndrome and its pharmacologic evaluation. | Neuroanatomy; Pathology; Horner's Syndrome; Signs and Symptoms |
| 22 |
 |
Junctional Scotoma | Dr. Lee lectures medical students on junctional scotoma. | Scotomas; Neuroanatomy; Tumors; Visual Field Defects |
| 23 |
 |
Light Near Dissociation | Summary: ¬Light near dissociation o Afferent component = retina + optic nerve + chiasm + tract to geniculate body o Efferent component = Edinger-Westphal nucleus + nerve to ciliary ganglion o Light near dissociation -Light pathway is damaged • Light pathway is carried bilaterally on the afferent ... | Dissociation; Ciliary Ganglion; Afferents; Efferents |
| 24 |
 |
Localizing Forms of Nystagmus | Dr. Lee lectures medical students on nystagmus. | Nystagmus; Anatomy; Neuroanatomy; Pathology |
| 25 |
 |
Occam's Razor vs Hiccum's Dictum | Summary: • Occam's Razor: The simplest explanation unifying the history and physical is often the most accurate diagnosis. o Combine a long list of symptoms and signs using a simple diagnosis • Hiccum's Dictum: A patient can have more than one problem explaining signs and symptoms | Occam's Razor; Differential; Diagnosis |