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TitleDescriptionType
176 3-66d - Shunt Vessels (Post-papilledema)The retino-choroidal collaterals seen with chronic papilledema begin with a "Hairnet" of telangiectasias that gradually winnow down to one or more large collateral tortuous draining channel. The presence of these vessels is evidence of long standing disc swelling. When the CSF pressure is lowered, t...Image
177 4-35 - Cupped Optic NerveAtrophic Glaucoma Atrophic glaucomatous discs show thinning of the neuro-retinal rim, "saucerization" (which is shallow cupping), evidence of peripapillary atrophy, and pallor of the very narrow neuroretinal rim. Notice that there is severe atrophy of the nerve fiber layer.Image
178 4-52b - Dominant Optic NeuropathyA son presented with bilateral optic atrophy of unknown etiology after he failed a school visual exam. When looking for dominant optic atrophy, look at the parents. Mother was examined to find similar kind of atrophy. 4-52a mother, 4-52b son.Image
179 4-60a - Dominant Optic NeuropathyA son presented with bilateral optic atrophy of unknown etiology after he failed a school visual exam. When looking for dominant optic atrophy, look at the parents. Mother was examined to find similar kind of atrophy. 4-60a mother, 4-60b son.Image
180 Basal EncephalocelesText
181 Dissection of the Carotid Artery
182 Mimics of AtrophyText
183 Shunt Vessel MeningiomaRETINO-CHOROIDAL (OPTO-CILIARY) COLLATERAL VESSELS: (also known as Retinal-choroidal venous collaterals, opticociliary veins or ciliary shunt vessels) Retino-choroidal collaterals are potential telangiectatic connections between the retina and choroidal circulation. Although sometimes called "shunts...Image
184 Shunt Vessel Meningioma - MRIMeningiomas block venous egress and open potential venous channels known as retinochoroidal (optociliary) collateral vein. This meningioma extends from the back of the globe through the optic canal.Image
185 Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus with Third Nerve PalsyImages showing presentation of Herpes Zoster (Zoster Ophthalmicus).Text
186 Papilledema 2013Discussion of papilledema, the swelling due to increased pressure.Text
187 Normal Eye MovementsThis is an examination of a person with normal eye movements. Notice the patient has normal excursions. He has normal pursuit and saccades (horizontally and vertically).Text
188 Nutritional AmblyopiaExample of patient with amblyopia with nutritional causes.Text
189 Retino-choroidal Vessels or Optociliary Veins or Ciliary ShuntOverview of retino-choroidal collaterals, which are potential telangiectatic connections between the retina and choroidal circulation. Although sometimes called "shunts", these collaterals are between the retinal venous circulation and the choroidal venous circulation.Text
190 Optic Disc Pallor Pseudo and RealDiscussion of the causes of optic disc pallor.Text
191 Retinitis Pigmentosa Disease of RodsDiscussion of retinitis pigmentosa which is a retinal/choroidal degeneration caused by various genetic defects.Text
192 Optic Disc: Anatomy, Variants, Unusual discsDiscussion of viewing the optic disc. Includes development of direct ophthalmoscope. Covers normal optic disc and nerve fiber; nerve fiber loss and defects; cilioretinal arteries; venous anomolies; papilledema; pseudopapilledema; myopic disc; hyperoptic disc; little red discs; megallopapilla; myelin...Text
193 Normal Optic DiscOverview of the structure and function of the normal optic disc.Text
194 Test Duane
195 Optic Nerve Tumors Benign and MalignantDiscussion of optic nerve tumors including meningioma and glioma.Text
196 Stargardt's DiseaseDiscussion of Stargardt's disease, an inherited maculopathy which frequently presents with a loss of central vision.Text
197 The Electroretinogram and Electro-oculogram: Clinical ApplicationsThe global or full-field electroretinogram (ERG) is a mass electrical response of the retina to photic stimulation. The ERG is a test used worldwide to assess the status of the retina in eye diseases in human patients and in laboratory animals used as models of retinal disease.Text
198 Visually Evoked PotentialsDetailed explanation of visually evoked potentials. The terms visually evoked potential (VEP), visually evoked response (VER) and visually evoked cortical potential (VECP) are equivalent. They refer to electrical potentials, initiated by brief visual stimuli, which are recorded from the scalp overl...Text
199 The Electro-oculogram: Clinical ApplicationsThe electrooculogram measures the potential that exists between the cornea and Bruch's membrane at the back of the eye. The potential produces a dipole field with the cornea approximately 5 millivolts positive compared to the back of the eye, in a normally illuminated room. Although the origin of th...Text
200 Basic HeadachePresentation covering an overview of headache and migraine.Text
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