Health Education Assets Library (HEAL)
 
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101 Cranial Nerve Exam: Abnormal Examples: Smooth PursuitThe patient shown has progressive supranuclear palsy. As part of this disease there is disruption of fixation by square wave jerks and impairment of smooth pursuit movements. Saccadic eye movements are also impaired. Although not shown in this video, vertical saccadic eye movements are usually the i...Cranial Nerve ExaminationNeuroLogic Exam: An Anatomical Approach
102 Cranial Nerve Exam: Abnormal Examples: Smooth Pursuit (x2)The patient shown has progressive supranuclear palsy. As part of this disease there is disruption of fixation by square wave jerks and impairment of smooth pursuit movements. Saccadic eye movements are also impaired. Although not shown in this video, vertical saccadic eye movements are usually the i...Cranial Nerve ExaminationNeuroLogic Exam: An Anatomical Approach
103 Cranial Nerve Exam: Abnormal Examples: VergenceLight-near dissociation occurs when the pupils don't react to light but constrict with convergence as part of the near reflex. This is what happens in the Argyll-Robertson pupil (usually seen with neurosyphilis) where there is a pretectal lesion affecting the retinomesencephalic afferents controllin...Cranial Nerve ExaminationNeuroLogic Exam: An Anatomical Approach
104 Cranial Nerve Exam: Abnormal Examples: Vergence (x2)Light-near dissociation occurs when the pupils don't react to light but constrict with convergence as part of the near reflex. This is what happens in the Argyll-Robertson pupil (usually seen with neurosyphilis) where there is a pretectal lesion affecting the retinomesencephalic afferents controllin...Cranial Nerve ExaminationNeuroLogic Exam: An Anatomical Approach
105 Cranial Nerve Exam: Anatomy: Cranial Nerve 1Olfaction is the only sensory modality with direct access to cerebral cortex without going through the thalamus. The olfactory tracts project mainly to the uncus of the temporal lobes. NeuroLogic Exam has been supported by a grant from the Slice of Life Development Fund at the University of Utah, th...Cranial Nerve ExaminationNeuroLogic Exam: An Anatomical Approach
106 Cranial Nerve Exam: Anatomy: Cranial Nerve 1 (x2)Olfaction is the only sensory modality with direct access to cerebral cortex without going through the thalamus. The olfactory tracts project mainly to the uncus of the temporal lobes. NeuroLogic Exam has been supported by a grant from the Slice of Life Development Fund at the University of Utah, th...Cranial Nerve ExaminationNeuroLogic Exam: An Anatomical Approach
107 Cranial Nerve Exam: Anatomy: Major Oculomotor Gaze SystemsEye movements are controlled by 4 major oculomotor gaze systems, which are tested for on the neurological exam. They are briefly outlined here: Saccadic (frontal gaze center to PPRF (paramedian pontine reticular formation) for rapid eye movements to bring new objects being viewed on to the fovea. Sm...Cranial Nerve ExaminationNeuroLogic Exam: An Anatomical Approach
108 Cranial Nerve Exam: Anatomy: Major Oculomotor Gaze Systems (x2)Eye movements are controlled by 4 major oculomotor gaze systems, which are tested for on the neurological exam. They are briefly outlined here: Saccadic (frontal gaze center to PPRF (paramedian pontine reticular formation) for rapid eye movements to bring new objects being viewed on to the fovea. Sm...Cranial Nerve ExaminationNeuroLogic Exam: An Anatomical Approach
109 Cranial Nerve Exam: Normal Exam: VergenceVergence eye movements occur when the eyes move simultaneously inward (convergence) or outward (divergence) in order to maintain the image on the fovea that is close up or far away. Most often convergence is tested as part of the near triad. When a patient is asked to follow an object that is brough...Cranial Nerve Examination; VergenceNeuroLogic Exam: An Anatomical Approach
110 Cranial Nerve Exam: Normal Exam: Vergence (x2)Vergence eye movements occur when the eyes move simultaneously inward (convergence) or outward (divergence) in order to maintain the image on the fovea that is close up or far away. Most often convergence is tested as part of the near triad. When a patient is asked to follow an object that is brough...Cranial Nerve Examination; VergenceNeuroLogic Exam: An Anatomical Approach
111 Gait Exam: Abnormal Examples: Hemiplegic Gait DemonstrationThe patient has unilateral weakness and spasticity with the upper extremity held in flexion and the lower extremity in extension. The foot is in extension so the leg is too long therefore, the patient will have to circumduct or swing the leg around to step forward. This type of gait is seen with a U...Gait Examination; Hemiplegic GaitNeuroLogic Exam: An Anatomical Approach
112 Gait Exam: Abnormal Examples: Hemiplegic Gait DemonstrationThe patient has unilateral weakness and spasticity with the upper extremity held in flexion and the lower extremity in extension. The foot is in extension so the leg is too long therefore, the patient will have to circumduct or swing the leg around to step forward. This type of gait is seen with a U...Gait Examination; Hemiplegic GaitNeuroLogic Exam: An Anatomical Approach
113 Gait Exam: Anatomy: IntroductionAll levels of the neuroaxis contribute to gait although most gait abnormalities are motor in nature. In assessing gait it is important to not only watch the lower extremities but also the upper extremities for normal associated movements. NeuroLogic Exam has been supported by a grant from the Slice ...Gait ExaminationNeuroLogic Exam: An Anatomical Approach
114 Gait Exam: Anatomy: Localizing ValueThere are 7 basic pathological gaits that should be recognized by their characteristic pattern. These pathological gaits are: - Hemiplegic - Spastic diplegic - Neuropathic - Myopathic - Parkinsonian - Chorea - Ataxic These gaits have localizing value because they can indicate levels (an y axis a...Gait Examination; Hemiplegic Gait; Spastic Diplegia; Neuropathic Gait; Myopathic Gait; Diplegic GaitNeuroLogic Exam: An Anatomical Approach
115 Gait Exam: Anatomy: Localizing ValueThere are 7 basic pathological gaits that should be recognized by their characteristic pattern. These pathological gaits are: - Hemiplegic - Spastic diplegic - Neuropathic - Myopathic - Parkinsonian - Chorea - Ataxic These gaits have localizing value because they can indicate levels (an y axis a...Gait Examination; Hemiplegic Gait; Spastic Diplegia; Neuropathic Gait; Myopathic Gait; Diplegic GaitNeuroLogic Exam: An Anatomical Approach
116 Gait Exam: Normal Exam: Heel and Toe WalkingA good way to test balance as well as strength of the distal lower extremities is to have the patient heel and toe walk. NeuroLogic Exam has been supported by a grant from the Slice of Life Development Fund at the University of Utah, the Department of Pediatrics and the Office of Education at the Un...Gait Examination; Heel-toe GaitNeuroLogic Exam: An Anatomical Approach
117 Gait Exam: Normal Exam: Natural GaitThe patient should be able to walk with a smooth, coordinated gait. There should be normal associated movement of the upper extremities. NeuroLogic Exam has been supported by a grant from the Slice of Life Development Fund at the University of Utah, the Department of Pediatrics and the Office of Edu...Gait Examination; Natural GaitNeuroLogic Exam: An Anatomical Approach
118 Gait Exam: Normal Exam: StationThe patient should be able to stand still with her feet less then shoulder width apart. NeuroLogic Exam has been supported by a grant from the Slice of Life Development Fund at the University of Utah, the Department of Pediatrics and the Office of Education at the University of Nebraska Medical Cent...Gait Examination; StationNeuroLogic Exam: An Anatomical Approach
119 Gait Exam: Normal Exam: Tandem GaitHave the patient walk heel-to-toe. The patient should be able to balance without falling or stepping to the side. NeuroLogic Exam has been supported by a grant from the Slice of Life Development Fund at the University of Utah, the Department of Pediatrics and the Office of Education at the Universit...Gait Examination; Heel-toe GaitNeuroLogic Exam: An Anatomical Approach
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