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Title | Description | Type |
51 |
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Vertical Gaze Paralysis | A patient is shown with up, down, and leftward gaze palsies as a result of a presumed right-sided high midbrain lesion. (He was encountered prior to the introduction of CT scanning, so that localization could not be verified). He had normal vestibulo-ocular reflexes. In addition, he had a curious ... | Image/MovingImage |
52 |
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Voluntary Nystagmus | In this video, a woman shows her ability to voluntarily induce an ocular oscillation. It is called "voluntary nystagmus", although the oscillation consist of back-to-back saccades, such as occurs in ocular flutter. Clues to the voluntary nature of this oscillation are mentioned. At times, however, ... | Image/MovingImage |
53 |
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Wall-Eyed Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia | Some patients with bilateral INOs are exotropic. Convergence is variable; it may be completely normal in both eyes, absent bilaterally, or present in one eye only. | Image/MovingImage |
54 |
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Parinaud's Syndrome or Dorsal Midbrain Syndrome | Also known as the pretectal, or sylvian aqueduct syndromes, it is characterized by paralysis of upgaze to both saccades and pursuit. In this video, the causes of Parinaud's, along with its signs of large pupils with light-near dissociation, spastic-paretic accommodation, pathologic lid retraction (... | Image/MovingImage |