NOVEL - Robert B. Daroff Collection
 
Filters: Collection: ehsl_novel_rbd
26 - 50 of 54
Number of results to display per page
IdentifierTitleDescriptionSubject
26 Daroff_01-7Normal Vertical Eye MovementsThe brain stem pathway for vertical saccades involves the PPRF, rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (riMLF), nucleus of Cajal, and the nuclei of cranial nerves III and IV. For upgaze, projections from the riMLF traverse through the posterior commissure, whereas there ...Normal Vertical Eye Movements; Vertical Saccades
27 Daroff_03-3Nystagmus NomenclatureA brief discussion of the various types of nystagmus is provided.Nystagmus
28 Daroff_04-9Ocular BobbingThis is characterized by an initial fast phase downward, followed by a slow phase up, which is the reverse of nystagmus, where a corrective fast phase follows the slow phase. Most patients with bobbing have a large pontine lesion and are comatose with paralyzed horizontal eye movements. The patien...Ocular Bobbing; Ocular Motility Disorders
29 Daroff_03-10Ocular DysmetriaUpon attempted refixation, patients with this cerebellar eye sign over-shoot and oscillate, before eventually reaching their intended targets. Two patients demonstrate this disorder.Cerebellar Dysmetria; Ocular Dysmetria; Other Saccadic Abnormalities
30 Daroff_03-14Ocular FlutterOcular Flutter, a disorder characterized by intermittent, rapid, horizontal movements in primary position, is demonstrated in this video.Ocular Flutter
31 Daroff_02-11Ocular Myasthenia GravisA man with limited ocular excursions and only small amplitude saccades, improves with Tensilon, this illustrates the need to always consider ocular myasthenia in the differential diagnosis in patients with limited eye movements. Rapid restricted saccades, as this patient demonstrates, are diagnosti...Ocular Myasthenia Gravis
32 Daroff_03-9Ocular Palatal MyoclonusThe relevant anatomy of this disorder involves the inferior olivary nucleus, projecting via the restiform body to the contralateral dentate nucleus, traveling to the contralateral red nucleus via the superior cerebellar peduncle, and finally back to the inferior olivary nucleus via the central tegme...Ocular Palatal Myoclonus; Oculopalatal Myoclonus; Oculopalatal Tremor
33 Daroff_02-8One and Half SyndromeThis involves both gaze palsy secondary to a lesion of the ipsilateral PPRF or VI nucleus, and an INO secondary to a lesion of the MLF on the same side. If the VI nucleus is involved, VII palsy almost always occurs due to the proximity of the VII fascicle to the VI nucleus.One and Half Syndrome; Paralytic Pontine Exotropia
34 Daroff_04-2OpsoclonusThe differential diagnosis in adults is presented, followed by probably the most dramatic example of this disorder ever filmed. The father of American Neuro-ophthalmology, Dr. Frank Walsh, gave a copy of the film to Dr. J. Lawton Smith who, in turn, gave a copy to me.Opsoclonus; Saccadomania
35 Daroff_04-1Opsoclonus in an InfantAn infant with Infantile Opsoclonus-Myoclonus ("Dancing Eyes, Dancing Feet"), with a likely underlying neuroblastoma is shown and the differential diagnosis of opsoclonus in infants and children is listed.Opsoclonus
36 Daroff_02-1Parinaud's Syndrome or Dorsal Midbrain SyndromeAlso known as the pretectal, or sylvian aqueduct syndromes, it is characterized by paralysis of upgaze to both saccades and pursuit. In this video, the causes of Parinaud's, along with its signs of large pupils with light-near dissociation, spastic-paretic accommodation, pathologic lid retraction (...Parinaud Syndrome; Dorsal Midbrain Syndrome; Eye Movement Disorders; Convergence Retraction Nystagmus
37 Daroff_03-13Pause Cell Dysfunction: Ocular FlutterBurst neurons are tonically inhibited by the pause neurons, which lie in the nucleus raphe interpositus. Lesions of the pause neurons result in ocular flutter.Ocular Flutter
38 Daroff_04-6Pause Cell DysfunctionsThis reviews the ocular oscillations caused by pause cell dysfunctions.Pause Cell Dysfunctions
39 Daroff_03-2Periodic Alternating NystagmusA patient with PAN is shown with a discussion of its appearance and etiology.Periodic Alternating Nystagmus
40 Daroff_01-9Progressive Supranuclear PalsyA patient with PSP demonstrates bilateral hypometric saccades, bilateral low-gain pursuit, vertical gaze palsy, and normal vestibulo- ocular reflexes. A second PSP patient is unable to make saccades or pursue horizontally. With optokinetic stimulation, the eyes move somewhat. Cold caloric stimula...Progressive Supranuclear Palsy; Saccades; Vertical Gaze Palsy
41 Daroff_02-13Psychogenic Gaze PalsyPsychogenic Gaze-Palsy is unusual but can usually be detected during Oculo-cephalics when the eyebrows don't elevate during attempted upward gaze.Psychogenic Gaze Palsy; Eye Movement Disorders
42 Daroff_01-3Pursuit SystemThe anatomical pathways of smooth pursuit are described, stressing the importance of the cerebellum that, in contrast to the saccadic system, relays information between the cortex and brain stem. The outcomes of specific cortical lesions are discussed and the important concept of gain is introduced.Pursuit System
43 Daroff_04-11Recording and Modeling Eye MovementsA brief discussion of the power and perhaps limitations of eye movement modeling is presented.Eye Movement Disorders; Eye Movement Measurements
44 Daroff_01-2Saccadic SystemThe anatomical pathways of saccades are described. These primarily involve the frontal eye fields (FEF), mesencephalic reticular nuclei, pontine paramedian reticular formation (PPRF), and cranial nerve nuclei III, IV, and VI. The three saccadic generators in the cortex are in the contralateral FEF...Saccades; Eye Movements; Saccadic System
45 Daroff_04-7See-saw NystagmusTwo patients with see-saw nystagmus are presented. The nystagmus is usually due to a suprasellar lesion associated with a bitemporal hemianopsia or a rostral midbrain lesion. The nystagmus is conjugate and torsional with a dissociated vertical vector so that the intorting eye rises and the extortin...See-saw Nystagmus; Seesaw Nystagmus
46 Daroff_04-3Square Wave JerksThese are the most common ocular oscillations, since they occur in normals, particularly in the elderly and in many neurological disorders. They fall under a category called "saccades intrusions." A man with very subtle square waves is presented, followed by a woman with larger amplitude square wav...Square Wave Jerks
47 Daroff_04-8Superior Oblique MyokymiaThis eye movement abnormality presents with intermittent monocular oscillopsia, often following a particular eye movement or head tilt. The examiner will often miss the abnormality unless it can be provoked. It represents a microtremor of a superior oblique muscle and usually responds to an anticon...Superior Oblique Myokymia; Trochlear Nerve Disease
48 Daroff_03-8Up-beat Nystagmus with Palatal MyoclonusA woman who appears to have upbeat nystagmus is also noted to have palatal, labial, and sternocleidomastoid myoclonus.Up-beat Nystagmus; Palatal Myoclonus
49 Daroff_03-6Upbeat NystagmusA female patient with upbeating nystagmus that increases in amplitude with upward gaze is shown. This type of nystagmus commonly occurs from a lesion involving one of three regions: the ponto-medullary junction, ponto-mesencephalic junction, and the anterior cerebellum. Etiologies of these lesions...Upbeat Nystagmus
50 Daroff_02-12Various Causes of OphthalmoplegiaAs a resident, I missed the diagnoses of Ocular-Myasthenia Wernicke's, and Thyroid Eye Disease. To remind myself to consider these etiologies, I developed the "3 T's: Tensilon, Thiamine, and Thyroid. As the years past, I added two more T's: Tropia and Trauma.Ophthalmoplegia; Decompensation of Phorias; Restriction Syndromes; Thyroid Eye Disease; Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy; Blow-Out Fracture
26 - 50 of 54