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176 Walsh & Hoyt: Differential Diagnosis of Acquired Trochlear Nerve Palsy: Skew DeviationAlthough trochlear nerve paresis is the most common cause of acquired vertical diplopia, other causes include ocular myopathies (e.g., dysthyroid eye disease), disorders of the neuromuscular junction (e.g., myasthenia gravis), and skew deviation. The ocular myopathies and disorders of the neuromuscu...Ocular Motor System; Ocular Motility Disorders; Acquired Trochlear Nerve Palsy; Skew DeviationNeuro-ophthalmology Virtual Education Library: NOVEL http://NOVEL.utah.edu
177 Miller Fisher Syndrome (Guest Lecture)Miller Fisher Syndrome; Guillan Barr Syndrome; Bilateral Ptosis; Total External Ophthalmoplegia; Facial Diplegia; Areflexia; Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Neuropathy; Facial Weakness; Voluntary Ptosis; Bilateral Sixth Nerve Palsy; Esotropia; Paresis of Conjugate Upgaze; Normal PupilsNeuro-Ophthalmology Virtual Education Library - Shirley H. Wray Neuro-Ophthalmology Collection: https://novel.utah.edu/Wray/
178 Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Myositis of the Extraocular MusclesImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) unleash the immune system by blocking signals that turn off the immune system. Without those signals, immune cells become activated against cells they would otherwise identify as "self." The intended target is cancer cells, but activation against healthy cells resu...Chemotherapy and radiation injury, Neuro-ophth & systemic disease (eg. MS, MG, thyroid), Ocular motilityNeuro-ophthalmology Virtual Education Library: NOVEL http://NOVEL.utah.edu
179 Walsh & Hoyt: EpidemiologyPatients with CIDP range in age from 2 to 70 years with somewhat more males than females being affected, at least in some series. Well-defined antecedent events are less common in CIDP than in AIDP, but CIDP nevertheless develops after acute upper respiratory tract and other presumed viral infection...Demyelinating Diseases; Axonal Disorders; Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy; EpidemiologyNeuro-ophthalmology Virtual Education Library: NOVEL http://NOVEL.utah.edu
180 Walsh & Hoyt: Graves' DiseasePerhaps the most common systemic disorder associated with diplopia, ophthalmoparesis, and infiltration of extraocular muscles is Graves disease. Graves orbitopathy often occurs in the context of mild hyperthyroid myopathy, producing mild proximal limb muscle weakness. Serum CK activity is normal in ...Ocular Motor System; Extraocular Muscles; Myopathies; Muscular Dystrophy; Ion Channel Disorders; Mitochondrial Myopathies; Encephalomyopathy; Graves' Disease; Thyroid OrbitopathyNeuro-ophthalmology Virtual Education Library: NOVEL http://NOVEL.utah.edu
181 Walsh & Hoyt: Neuro-Ophthalmologic ComplicationsNumerous visual symptoms may occur in patients on cyclosporine, including visual hallucinations, visual field defects, visual agnosia, Balints syndrome, cortical blindness, Antons syndrome, and optic neuropathy. In a series of 582 patients undergoing allogeneic BMT, 4 patients developed transient un...Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Therapy; Chemotherapy, Adverse Effects; Radiotherapy, Adverse Effects; Bone Marrow Transplantation, Adverse Effects; Neuro-Ophthalmologic Complications; Complications of CancersNeuro-ophthalmology Virtual Education Library: NOVEL http://NOVEL.utah.edu
182 Walsh & Hoyt: Normal Neuromuscular TransmissionTo understand the pathophysiology of the defects in myasthenia gravis (MG) and other disorders that damage the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), it is necessary to have some knowledge of the basic events of neuromuscular transmission. Acetylcholine (ACh), the natural transmitter, is synthesized chiefly ...Ocular Motor System; Normal Neuromuscular TransmissionNeuro-ophthalmology Virtual Education Library: NOVEL http://NOVEL.utah.edu
183 Page 371Neuro-Ophthalmology Virtual Education Library: Irene E. Loewenfeld Neuro-Ophthalmology Collection: https://novel.utah.edu/Loewenfeld/
184 Page 611Neuro-Ophthalmology Virtual Education Library: Irene E. Loewenfeld Neuro-Ophthalmology Collection: https://novel.utah.edu/Loewenfeld/
185 Orbit Case #4 - Troubling DoubleThis symposium has been created to highlight the surgical aspects of our field and to educate neuro-ophthalmologists and trainees through the presentation and discussion of complex surgical neuro-ophthalmic case scenarios.Surgery; Surgical ProceduresNeuro-ophthalmology Virtual Education Library: NOVEL http://NOVEL.utah.edu
186 Page 544Neuro-Ophthalmology Virtual Education Library: Irene E. Loewenfeld Neuro-Ophthalmology Collection: https://novel.utah.edu/Loewenfeld/
187 Literature CommentaryHumans; Neurology; Ophthalmology
188 Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia as the Presenting Sign of Giant Cell Arteritis
189 Recurrent Third Nerve Palsy Secondary to Instrinsic Schwannoma of the Third Cranial Nerve
190 Walsh & Hoyt: Disturbances in Disorders of the Neuromuscular JunctionMyasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by pathogenic antibodies against acetylcholine receptors at motor terminals. Clinically apparent weakness of the intraocular muscles is rare. Nonetheless, abnormalities of pupillary function and accommodation are occasionally reported in...Ocular Motor System; Accommodation, Ocular; Tears; Neuromuscular Junction Disorders; DisturbancesNeuro-ophthalmology Virtual Education Library: NOVEL http://NOVEL.utah.edu
191 Sudden Bilateral Ptosis in a 61-Year-Old Woman
192 Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy (FSHD)This is an introduction to Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy (FSHD) and its causes, presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and ongoing related research.Dystrophy; Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy; FSHD; MyopathyNeuro-Ophthalmology Virtual Education Library: NOVEL http://NOVEL.utah.edu
193 Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia as the Presenting Sign of Giant Cell Arteritis
194 Test Your Knowledge - Disorders of Ocular Motility, Alignment, Pupils, and Lids - Case 35Test your knowledge of disorders of ocular motility, alignment, pupils, and lids.Ocular Motility Disorders; Alignment Disorders; Pupil Disorders; Lid DisordersNeuro-Ophthalmology Virtual Education Library NOVEL: Test Your Knowledge: http://NOVEL.utah.edu
195 Good Therapies Gone Bad - What the Neuro-Ophthalmologist Needs to KnowThe approach to MS care has changed in recent years, such that higher potency agents are used earlier in the disease course. Accordingly, a pre-treatment workup should be undertaken before initiating certain DMTs to optimize patient safety and minimize the risk of adverse clinical sequalae.Disease Modifying Treatments (DMTs); Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML); Immune Check Point Inhibitors; Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a Inhibitors; Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Reaction (IRIS)Neuro-ophthalmology Virtual Education Library: NOVEL http://NOVEL.utah.edu
196 A Difficult Day with Double Trouble (.pdf)"A 59 year old woman with a history of hypothyroidism, an inner ear implant and lupus (complicated by autoimmune hemolytic anemia and raynaud's disease) presented with 1 week of intermittent horizontal binocular diplopia. She denied headache and giant cell arteritis symptomatology. Examination demon...hypertrophic pachymeningitis, IgG4, lupusNeuro-ophthalmology Virtual Education Library: NOVEL http://NOVEL.utah.edu
197 A Weak PresentationSquamous Cell Carcinoma; Intraconal Orbital Mass; Intraconal Biopsy; Perineural InvasionNeuro-ophthalmology Virtual Education Library: NOVEL http://NOVEL.utah.edu
198 Evaluation of Diplopia by Emergency Medicine Physicians and Consulting NeurologistsDiplopia
199 Mitochondrial Myopathy (Guest Lecture)"Bilateral Ptosis; Facial Weakness; Complete External Ophthalmoplegia; Bilateral Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia (PEO); Mitochondrial Myopathy; PEO plus Atypical Retinitis Pigmentosa, Heart Block, Deafness, Proximal Myopathy and Cerebellar Degeneration with Ataxia; Kearns-Sayre Syndrome; Chroni...Neuro-Ophthalmology Virtual Education Library - Shirley H. Wray Neuro-Ophthalmology Collection: https://novel.utah.edu/Wray/
200 Orbital Inflammation With Optic Perineuritis in Association With COVID-19
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