NOVEL - Walsh and Hoyt Textbook Selections
 
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1 Walsh & Hoyt: Pseudopapilledema Associated with Optic Disc DrusenIC-C6bvi-optic-disc-drusenThe word drusen, of Germanic origin, originally meant tumor, swelling, or tumescence. According to Lorentzen, the word was used in the mining industry approximately 500 years ago to indicate a crystal-filled space in a rock. Drusen of the optic disc were first described clinically by Liebreich in 18...Eye Abnormalities; Pseudopapilledema; Optic Disc Drusen; Buried Drusen; Optic Disc Anomalies; Congenital Blurred Disc; Congenital Optic Nerve AnomaliesNeuro-ophthalmology Virtual Education Library: NOVEL http://NOVEL.utah.edu
2 Walsh & Hoyt: Complications Associated With Pseudopapilledema and Disc DrusenKBDdcadrusendiscswithcomplicationsPeripheral visual field defects develop in 71-75% of eyes with disc drusen (460,471,476,477,495,530). In most cases, the asymptomatic nature of the defects reflects the insidious attrition of optic nerve fibers over decades. Nevertheless, a minority of patients experience episodes of sudden, step-li...Drusen ComplicationsNeuro-ophthalmology Virtual Education Library: NOVEL http://NOVEL.utah.edu
3 Walsh & Hoyt: Anomalous Disc Elevation without Either Visible or Buried DrusenNot all anomalously elevated optic discs develop drusen. As noted above, the morning glory syndrome is associated with disc elevation; the superotemporal portion of a tilted optic disc is usually elevated; and dysplastic discs may show some degree of elevation. In addition, hypoplastic discs may hav...Eye Abnormalities; Anomalous Disc Elevation; Visible Drusen; Buried Drusen; Congenital Blurred DiscNeuro-ophthalmology Virtual Education Library: NOVEL http://NOVEL.utah.edu
4 Walsh & Hoyt: Ophthalmoscopic Appearance of Visible DrusenKBDdcaexposeddrusenVisible disc drusen.Exposed DrusenNeuro-ophthalmology Virtual Education Library: NOVEL http://NOVEL.utah.edu
5 Walsh & Hoyt: Buried Drusencurriculum_fellow; KBDdcaburieddrusen; KBDburieddrusenOnce the diagnosis of pseudopapilledema is established, pseudopapilledema associated with optic disc drusen must be distinguished from other local causes of pseudopapilledema.Buried DrusenNeuro-ophthalmology Virtual Education Library: NOVEL http://NOVEL.utah.edu
6 Walsh & Hoyt: Visible disc drusenKBDdcaexposeddrusen; KBDdcapseudoexposeddrusenVisible disc drusen. Note multiple white nodules lining the periphery of the discs and abnormal branching of retinal vessels.Visible Disc Drusen; Retinal VesselsNeuro-ophthalmology Virtual Education Library: NOVEL http://NOVEL.utah.edu
7 Walsh & Hoyt: Ophthalmoscopic Appearance of Buried Disc DrusenKBDdcapseudoburieddrusenDrusen buried within the tissue of the disc produce moderate elevation of the surface of the disc, as well as blurring of its margins with the following features (Fig. 3.32):DrusenNeuro-ophthalmology Virtual Education Library: NOVEL http://NOVEL.utah.edu
8 Walsh & Hoyt: Ophthalmoscopic Appearance of Buried Disc DrusenKBDdcaburieddrusenThe distinction between pseudopapilledema associated with buried drusen and papilledema (or other forms of optic disc swelling) can be difficult (Fig. 3.33), but several clinical signs are particularly helpful (Table 3.4).Buried DrusenNeuro-ophthalmology Virtual Education Library: NOVEL http://NOVEL.utah.edu
9 Walsh & Hoyt: PseudopapilledemaIC-D1hvi-optic-nerve-drusenOnce the diagnosis of pseudopapilledema is established, pseudopapilledema associated with optic disc drusen must nerve fiber layer, severe degeneration of the vitreous, high myopia, a retinal dystrophy with night blindness, reduction of the electroretinographic responses, and limb deformities.Optic Nerve DrusenNeuro-ophthalmology Virtual Education Library: NOVEL http://NOVEL.utah.edu
10 Walsh & Hoyt: Systematic Associations With Optic Disc DrusenKBDlaurencemoonbiedlsyndromeRetinitis pigmentosa-globular excrescences of the optic nerve head-are occasionally seen in patients with this condition (576-579). Spencer (483) emphasized that although the drusen associated with retinitis pigmentosa may arise within the optic disc, they more often lie just off the disc margin in ...Retinitis PigmentosaNeuro-ophthalmology Virtual Education Library: NOVEL http://NOVEL.utah.edu
11 Walsh & Hoyt: Congenital Blurred Disccurriculum_fellow; KBDcongenitalblurreddisc; KBDdooncongenital; KBDdcapseudocongenitalblurreddiscPatients with syndromes that include pigmentary retinopathy may also have optic disc drusen.Congenital Blurred DiscNeuro-ophthalmology Virtual Education Library: NOVEL http://NOVEL.utah.edu
12 Walsh & Hoyt: Other AssociationsNAION has been associated infrequently with a multitude of additional factors and disorders that may be causative, either due to optic disc structure or other features that might affect optic disc perfusionpressure. These include hyperopia, optic disc drusen, elevated intraocular pressure, cataract ...Ocular Surgery; Orbital SurgeryNeuro-ophthalmology Virtual Education Library: NOVEL http://NOVEL.utah.edu
13 Walsh & Hoyt: Pseudopapilledemacurriculum_fellow; KBDdcapseudopapilledema; IC-C6biv-pseudo-disc-edema; IC-C6bvi-optic-disc-drusenAnomalous optic disc elevation (pseudopapilledema) may bear a striking resemblance to true optic disc swelling and therefore represents a primary diagnostic consideration in the patient referred for papilledema.PseudopapilledemaNeuro-ophthalmology Virtual Education Library: NOVEL http://NOVEL.utah.edu
14 Walsh & Hoyt: Chronic PapilledemaWhen papilledema persists, hemorrhages and exudates slowly resolve, and the disc develops a rounded appearance. The central cup, which may be retained in the acute phase of papilledema, ultimately becomes obliterated. Over a period of months, the initial disc hyperemia changes to a milky gray appear...Optic Nerve Diseases; Eye Abnormalities; Visual Impairments; Optic Atrophy; Chronic Papilledema; Edema; Raised Intracranial PressureNeuro-ophthalmology Virtual Education Library: NOVEL http://NOVEL.utah.edu
15 Walsh & Hoyt: PseudopapilledemaAnomalous optic disc elevation (pseudopapilledema) may bear a striking resemblance to true optic disc swelling and therefore represents a primary diagnostic consideration in the patient referred for papilledema. In most instances, a patient is noted to have elevated optic discs or blurred disc margi...Eye Abnormalities; Pseudopapilledema; Buried Drusen; Congenital Optic Nerve AnomaliesNeuro-ophthalmology Virtual Education Library: NOVEL http://NOVEL.utah.edu
16 Walsh & Hoyt: POEMS Syndrome (Crow-Fukase Syndrome)POEMS syndrome is an unusual multisystem disorder that is characterized by Polyneuropathy,Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy, Monoclonal gammopathy, and Skin changes. Polyneuropathy is frequently the initial and most disabling problem. It is usually associated with electrophysiologic and histologic eviden...Neoplasms; Hematologic Neoplasms; Leukemias; Lymphoma; Multiple Myelomas; Plasmacytomas; Histiocytoses; POEMS Syndrome; Crow-Fukase SyndromeNeuro-ophthalmology Virtual Education Library: NOVEL http://NOVEL.utah.edu
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