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Title | Description | Type |
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Normal Eye Movements | This is an examination of a person with normal eye movements. Notice the patient has normal excursions. He has normal pursuit and saccades (horizontally and vertically). | Text |
2 |
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The 3 Step Test: Looking for a 4th Nerve Palsy | Description of the three step test (3 step test) used when looking for a 4th nerve palsy. | Text |
3 |
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Fusional Vergence Amplitudes | Demonstration of fusional vergence amplitudes examination. Incluudes: a. Convergence Amplitudes b. Divergence Amplitudes c. Vertical Ampitudes | Text |
4 |
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The Electroretinogram and Electro-oculogram: Clinical Applications | The global or full-field electroretinogram (ERG) is a mass electrical response of the retina to photic stimulation. The ERG is a test used worldwide to assess the status of the retina in eye diseases in human patients and in laboratory animals used as models of retinal disease. | Text |
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Visually Evoked Potentials | Detailed explanation of visually evoked potentials. The terms visually evoked potential (VEP), visually evoked response (VER) and visually evoked cortical potential (VECP) are equivalent. They refer to electrical potentials, initiated by brief visual stimuli, which are recorded from the scalp overl... | Text |
6 |
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The Electro-oculogram: Clinical Applications | The electrooculogram measures the potential that exists between the cornea and Bruch's membrane at the back of the eye. The potential produces a dipole field with the cornea approximately 5 millivolts positive compared to the back of the eye, in a normally illuminated room. Although the origin of th... | Text |
7 |
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Stages of Papilledema | | Text |
8 |
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Nutritional Amblyopia | Example of patient with amblyopia with nutritional causes. | Text |
9 |
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Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy | PPT describing Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (AION). Covers clinical signs, such as monocular vision loss, swollen nerve, and visual field defects, as well as risk factors. | Text |
10 |
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Retino-choroidal Vessels or Optociliary Veins or Ciliary Shunt | Overview of retino-choroidal collaterals, which are potential telangiectatic connections between the retina and choroidal circulation. Although sometimes called "shunts", these collaterals are between the retinal venous circulation and the choroidal venous circulation. | Text |
11 |
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Optic Disc Pallor Pseudo and Real | Discussion of the causes of optic disc pallor. | Text |
12 |
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Basic Headache | Presentation covering an overview of headache and migraine. | Text |
13 |
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Retinitis Pigmentosa Disease of Rods | Discussion of retinitis pigmentosa which is a retinal/choroidal degeneration caused by various genetic defects. | Text |
14 |
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Glaucoma: The Basics | Glaucoma is the most common optic neuropathy. Progressive cupping of the optic disc due to increased intraocular pressure together with visual field abnormalities and local disc susceptibility factors characterize this neuropathy. This PowerPoint lecture covers the basics of Glaucoma and includes ma... | Text |
15 |
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Hydroxychloroquine Maculopathy (Plaquenil) | An overview of Chloroquine Maculopathy. | Text |
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Shaken Baby Syndrome | | Text |
17 |
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Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy | Images and visual fields from a boy with acute visual loss. | Text |
18 |
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MELAS and RP | MELAS; Mitochondrial Encephalopathy with Lactic Acidosis, Stroke and Pigmentary Changes in retina-associated with a retinal dystrophy. This 53 year old man had seizures, encephalopathy and lactic acidosis typical of MELAS. His fundus examination showed granularity and some slight pigmentary changes ... | Text |
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Benign Episodic Unilateral Mydriasis | Presentation covering benign episodic mydriasis. | Text |
20 |
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Color Vision Testing | Demonstration of color vision examination. | Text |
21 |
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Stereoacuity Testing | Demonstration of examination for stereoacuity. | Text |
22 |
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Amsler Grid Testing | Demonstration of Amsler Grid examination. | Text |
23 |
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Pupil Exam | Demonstration of pupil examination. | Text |
24 |
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Optic Disc: Anatomy, Variants, Unusual discs | Discussion of viewing the optic disc. Includes development of direct ophthalmoscope. Covers normal optic disc and nerve fiber; nerve fiber loss and defects; cilioretinal arteries; venous anomolies; papilledema; pseudopapilledema; myopic disc; hyperoptic disc; little red discs; megallopapilla; myelin... | Text |
25 |
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Normal Optic Disc | Overview of the structure and function of the normal optic disc. | Text |