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Title | History | Type |
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Alexia Without Agraphia | The patient is a 69 year old left handed man with a history of hypertension, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and atrial fibrillation. Treated with coumadin, adjusted to keep the INR between 2 and 3. On the morning of admission he awoke at 4 a.m., sat momentarily on the side of the bed and then... | Image/MovingImage |
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Apraxia Eyelid Opening | This patient first presented to his PCP with increasing immobility. A diagnosis of Parkinson's disease was made. When his condition progressed, he was referred to the Neurology Clinic. Neuro-ophthalmological examination showed: Apraxia of eyelid opening Impaired initiation of horizontal saccades ... | Image/MovingImage |
3 |
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Apraxia of Eyelid Opening | In January 1997, This 73 year old patient was referred to the Neurovisual Clinic. At that time his speech was slurred and he stated that his eyes were his "biggest" complaint due to: 1. Impaired focusing "close up" 2. His eyes shut spontaneously much of the time 3. Bright sunlight provoked eye ... | Image/MovingImage |
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Ataxic Gait | The patient is a 72 year old woman who presented with a 4 year history of progressive difficulty with balance, frequent falls and unsteadiness walking. She required a cane to steady herself. Past History: Significant for alcohol abuse. In 1980, she came to Boston for a second opinion and was seen... | Image/MovingImage |
5 |
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Benign Essential Blepharospasm | The patient is a 60 year old estate manager with a history of retinal laser therapy, dry eyes and age related bilateral ptosis. He carries a diagnosis of hilar lymphadenopathy due to sarcoid and has had cancer of the kidney. He presented in 1995 with a 6 month history of frequent blinking and sp... | Image/MovingImage |
6 |
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Benign Essential Blepharospasm | Patient is a 55 year old woman functionally blind from severe benign essential blepharospasm. She presented with frequent blinking.continuous spasms of eye closure and great difficulty opening her eyes i.e. blepharospasm associated "apraxia of eyelid opening". Symptomatic Inquiry negative for... | Image/MovingImage |
7 |
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Benign Neonatal Ocular Flutter | Shortly after birth, this baby was noted to have "jiggling eyes" by his mother. He was in good general health and neurologically intact. Cogan and I saw the baby and Cogan made the diagnosis of neonatal ocular flutter. In 1954 Cogan first used the term "ocular flutter" to describe a rare disorder o... | Image/MovingImage |
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Bilateral Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia | The patient is a 25 year old woman who was in excellent health until 4 days prior to admission when she noted blurred vision and horizontal double vision on lateral gaze to right and left. Past History: Negative for strabismus as a child. No previous episodes of transient neurological symptoms. Fa... | Image/MovingImage |
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Bilateral Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia | This patient was seen at the Yale Eye Center at the age of 37. She had a long history of multiple sclerosis. At age 22, she had an acute attack of optic neuritis in the left eye which recovered fully within three weeks. Some months later she had a recurrent episode in the same eye, which also ... | Image/MovingImage |
10 |
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Bilateral Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia | This case was reported by Cogan DG and Wray SH. Internuclear ophthalmoplegia as an early sign of brain tumor. Neurology 1970; 20:629-633. The patient is Case 1. He is a 4 ½ year old boy whose parents noted that the right eye had been "drifting" for four months. On examination the only signific... | Image/MovingImage |
11 |
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Bilateral Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia (INO) | The patient is a 48 year old woman who presented with horizontal double vision looking to the right and to the left. She also noted blurring of vision with the image jerking horizontally back and forth. Neuro-ophthalmological examination: Visual acuity 20/20 OU corrected Visual fields, pupils, and f... | Image/MovingImage |
12 |
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Bilateral Ptosis | Patient is a 65 year old woman who presented with acute onset of bilateral ptosis. She awoke one day and found her eyelids half shut and she was unable to see. The lids completely shut and she came to the Massachusetts General Hospital Emergency Room and was admitted. Past History: Negative for pt... | Image/MovingImage |
13 |
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Bilateral Ptosis | The patient is a 65 year old physician who presented with intermittent drooping of his eyelids, particularly at the end of the day. He found that if he gently closed his eyes when he came to a stop in his car at a set of traffic lights, his eyelids opened more fully. He subsequently developed inte... | Image/MovingImage |
14 |
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Bilateral Ptosis Facial Diplegia | The patient is a 74 year old woman who one month prior to admission suffered from a non-productive cough, right ear pain, and pharyngitis treated with amoxicillin. On the day prior to admission she awoke with blurred vision and horizontal and vertical diplopia that persisted all day. The next m... | Image/MovingImage |
15 |
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Bilateral Ptosis Facial Diplegia | The patient is a 47 year old attorney who was transferred from an outside hospital to the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) for treatmebnt of the Miller Fisher variant of the Guillian Barré syndrome (GBS). On the morning of September 14, 1993, the patient awoke feeling dizzy and he was unsteady ... | Image/MovingImage |
16 |
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Bilateral Sixth Nerve Palsy | This patient was known to be a chronic alcoholic. He presented with acute onset of unsteadiness walking which he attributed to double vision. He was unable to give an accurate history and was disoriented for time and place. Neurological examination: Significant for impaired memory and cognitive ... | Image/MovingImage |
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Bilateral Sixth Nerve Palsy | The patient is a 22 year old man. Five days prior to admission (PTA) he developed a sore throat, non-productive cough and a temperature of 99.8 during the day and chills and diaphoresis at night. Four days PTA he had double vision in primary gaze, difficulty with his balance and gait, and a tinglin... | Image/MovingImage |
18 |
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Bilateral Sixth Nerve Palsy | The patient is a 70 year old Italian man with atrial fibrillation on long-term coumadin therapy. In October 1995, he developed generalized headache, horizontal double vision and his left eye deviated inwards (esotropia). A diagnosis of left sixth nerve palsy was made and attributed to microvascular ... | Image/MovingImage |
19 |
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Bilateral Sixth Nerve Palsy | This patient has CNS B-cell lymphoma involving the dura mater. She presented with a chief complaint of "double vision and a squint is his right eye". On examination she was found to have bilateral sixth nerve palsy and paralytic esotropia. Comment: Lymphoma involving the dura is uncommon. Most p... | Image/MovingImage |
20 |
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Bilateral Sixth Nerve Palsy | This patient is a 62 year old woman with a six month history of double vision and difficulty walking. In August 1996, she first noted her right upper eyelid twitching followed by dizziness, nausea and vomiting. Soon after her voice became "shaky" and she experienced mild difficulty walking. She... | Image/MovingImage |
21 |
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Congenital Horizontal Gaze Palsy | The patient is an 8 year old boy with a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by congenital absence of conjugate horizontal eye movements preservation of vertical gaze and convergence and progressive scoliosis (HGPPS) developing in childhood. The child was referred to Dr. Cogan with a ... | Image/MovingImage |
22 |
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Congenital Nystagmus | This 11 year old Italian boy was referred for evaluation of nystagmus. Emanuel is the second son in a family of two and his older brother, age 13, had no visual problem. Emanuel was born at term, normal delivery, birth weight 9 pounds. Neonatal and infant development was perfectly normal. A pedia... | Image/MovingImage |
23 |
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Congenital Nystagmus - Latent Nystagmus | This boy was not recognized to have nystagmus until he accidentally discovered that he had blurred vision in one eye while pulling a sweater off over his head and blocking the vision of one eye. An ophthalmologist saw him and diagnosed latent nystagmus. He had no strabismus or any other ophthalmol... | Image/MovingImage |
24 |
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Congenital Nystagmus: Blurred vision | This 34 year old physician has had a life long problem with congenital nystagmus. He was an orphan and his adopted parents took him to see a pediatrician when he was very small. A missed diagnosis of a "lazy eye" was made. Subsequently, at the age of 9, when he complained of intermittent blurred ... | Image/MovingImage |
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Congenital Nystagmus: Eyes jump around | This 14 year old boy was born one month premature weighing 6 pounds 5 ounces. The top of his head failed to close until age 6. In addition he had only half a clavicle and stunted growth. Diagnosis: Cleidocranial dysostosis. He was referred by his endocrinologist for evaluation of difficulty ... | Image/MovingImage |