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Title | Description | Creator |
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Aortitis from Giant Cell Arteritis | Giant cell arteritis is a life-threatening inflammatory large vessel vasculitis, commonly associated with jaw claudication, temporal headaches, vision changes, and elevated ESR & CRP. This case highlights an additional common presenting feature of GCA at diagnosis - aortitis - and emphasizes the imp... | Nithya Shanmugam; Valerie Biousse |
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Artifact from Incomplete Orbital Fat Suppression on Magnetic Resonance Imaging | Orbital fat has short relaxation times that results in a hyperintense appearance on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Fat suppressed T1 MRI sequences are needed to remove the fat signal and better visualize the orbital anatomy, including the optic nerve. Contrast can be used with fat sup... | Matthew Boyko, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD |
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Bilateral Optic Disc Edema from Hypertensive Retinopathy | A 29 year-old woman was assessed for 2 weeks of headaches and 4 days of blurred vision in both eyes. Her blood pressure was 225/135. Her examination showed: best-corrected visual acuity: 20/25 OD, 20/30 OS; pupils equal and reactive without relative afferent pupillary defect; intraocular pressures 1... | Benjamin I. Meyer, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD |
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Checkboard Visual Field Loss Due to Bilateral Homonymous Hemianopsias | A 70-year-old man with vascular risk factors was seen for assessment of sudden visual field loss in both eyes. His examination showed: visual acuity: 20/20 OD and 20/25 OS; pupils: equal with no relative afferent pupillary defect; color vision: 14/14 plates correct OU; anterior segment exam: normal ... | Rahul A. Sharma, MD, MPH; Valérie Biousse, MD |
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Choroidal Hypoperfusion Defect in Giant Cell Arteritis | Here, we present a case of a 62 year-old male with vision loss in the right eye, headaches, and neck/shoulder/temporal pain, found to have choroidal hypoperfusion and diagnosed with giant cell arteritis (GCA). In combination with anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and cotton wool spots, choroidal hy... | Nithya Shanmugam; Michael Dattilo; Valerie Biousse |
6 |
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Choroidal Infarction in Giant Cell Arteritis | An 80-year-old Caucasian woman presented with a 10-day history of headaches, intermittent binocular diplopia, and jaw pain. Temporal artery biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of giant cell arteritis. Examination showed characteristic large area of choroidal ischemia that is well-known to be associated wit... | Wael A. Alsakran, MD; Andre Aung, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD |
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Choroidal Neovascular Membrane in Chronic Papilledema | A 21-year-old woman with papilledema from idiopathic intracranial hypertension developed a peripapillary choroidal neovascular membrane (PCNVM) complicating untreated chronic papilledema 10 years later. | George Alencastro; Valerie Biousse |
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Classic Pathology Findings in Giant Cell Arteritis | An 80-year-old Caucasian woman presented with a 10 day history of headaches, intermittent binocular diplopia, and jaw pain. Temporal artery biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of giant cell arteritis. Pathology findings were classic for giant cell arteritis with numerous inflammatory cells in the tunica me... | Andre Aung, MD; Corrina Azarcon, MD; Wael A. Alsakran, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD |
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Clinical Features of Neuroretinitis | A 13-year-old girl was seen for assessment of blurred vision and optic disc edema in her right eye. Her examination showed: best-corrected visual acuity of hand motion OD and 20/25 OS; pupils: no relative afferent pupil defect; color vision: 0/14 plates OD and 14/14 plates OS; humphrey visual fields... | Rahul A. Sharma, MD, MPH; Jason H. Peragallo, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD |
10 |
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Compressive Optic Neuropathy from Cavernous Hemangioma | A 42-year-old man was seen for assessment of progressive blurring of vision in his left eye (OS) over several weeks. His examination showed a left optic neuropathy: visual acuity: 20/20 OD and 20/20-2 OS; pupils: 1+ left relative afferent pupillary defect; color vision: 14/14 plates correct OU. Ther... | Rahul A. Sharma, MD, MPH; Aaron M. Yeung, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD |
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Cotton Wool Spots in Giant Cell Arteritis | This is a case of cotton wool spots in a patient with temporal artery-biopsy proven temporal arteritis.; ; A 66-year-old woman presents with isolated painless vision loss related to a left optic neuropathy in her left eye. She denies systemic symptoms to suggest giant cell arteritis.; Her examinatio... | Rahul A. Sharma, MD, MPH; Valérie Biousse, MD |
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Dilated Episcleral Vessels from Carotid Cavernous Fistula | 51 year white woman with a 6 months history of chronic right eye redness, periorbital swelling and progressive proptosis. She was seen by multiple providers and treated for dry eye and conjunctivitis. Her examination showed normal visual acuity, color vision and pupils. There was an intraocular pres... | Amani Alzayani, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD; Ling Chen Chien, MD |
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Direct Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula | A 40-year-old man presented with decreased vision and redness in his left eye. He had a significant trauma to the left side of his face about one year ago, but did not seek medical attention. External examination showed significant proptosis of the left eye (Figure 1) and conjunctival injection and ... | Jonathan A. Micieli, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD |
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Fundus Autofluorescence | The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) has many important functions including phagocytosis of the photoreceptor outer segments. The metabolism of the photoreceptor outer segments leads to the formation of lipofuscin. Disease states and potentially increased oxidative damage can lead to the buildup of ... | Jonathan A. Micieli, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD |
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Funduscopic Findings of Acute Central Retinal Artery Occlusion | A 59-year-old man was referred for assessment acute vision loss in the right eye. His examination showed: best-corrected visual acuity: light perception OD, 20/20 OS; pupils: Relative afferent pupillary defect OD; color vision: unable to visualize control plate OD, 14/14 OS correct Ishihara plates. ... | David B. Enfield, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD |
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Ganglion Cell Layer Analysis by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) | A normal optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the macula is shown (Figure 1) and the various layers of the retina are labelled (Figure 2). The cell bodies of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) are located in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) of the retina and mostly synapse in the lateral geniculate nucleus ... | Jonathan A. Micieli, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD |
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Giant Cell Arteritis: Temporal Artery Anatomy and Histology | Gross anatomy and histology of the normal superficial temporal artery.; Histopathology of the superficial temporal artery involved by active and healed GCA; Summary of the main histopathologic findings in GCA | Samuel Bidot, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD |
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Homonymous Hemianopia Secondary to an Intracranial Bleed from an Arteriovenous Malformation | This case demonstrates a homonymous hemianopia resulting from hemorrhage secondary to a ruptured intracranial arteriovenous malformation (AVM), providing grounds for illustration and discussion of the correlations between localization of this lesion on cerebral imaging and resultant visual field and... | Lauren Hudson, MD, PhD; Valérie Biousse, MD |
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Incipient Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION) | A 61-year old white man with hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidema was seen in neuro-ophthalmology consultation for asymptomatic right optic disc edema. He had a small, crowded optic disc in the left eye known as a "disc-at-risk" (Figure 1). He had normal visual function including normal 24-2 SITA... | Jonathan A. Micieli, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD |
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Incipient Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION) Evolving to Symptomatic NAION | A 54-year old woman with hypertension was seen in neuro-ophthalmology consultation for asymptomatic left optic disc edema. She had a small, crowded optic disc in the right eye known as a "disc-at-risk" (Figure 1). Her visual function including 24-2 SITA-Fast Humphrey visual fields were normal in bot... | Jonathan A. Micieli, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD |
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Junctional Scotoma from a Sellar Mass | This is a case of a 55-year-old woman presenting with gradual painless vision loss in both eyes. Although visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes, there was a left relative afferent pupillary defect and diffuse pallor of both optic nerves (Figure 1). Visual fields (24-2 SITA-Fast) showed a temporal def... | Jonathan A. Micieli, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD |
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Macular Star in the Setting of Neuroretinitis | Neuroretinitis is often inflammatory or infectious in nature. Here, we present a case of Bartonella neuroretinitis and a typical finding of a unilateral "macular star" on color fundus photographs and OCT. The macular star usually appears 1-2 weeks after infection, and is secondary to exudates accumu... | Nithya Shanmugam; Valerie Biousse |
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Malignant Hypertension With Bilateral Optic Nerve Edema | This is a case of malignant hypertension and severe hypertensive retinopathy. A 30-year-old woman with headache and vision loss in the left eye was found to have a markedly elevated blood pressure of 205/100. CT head without contrast showed acute hemorrhage in the right temporal-occipital junction a... | Rahul A. Sharma, MD, MPH; Michael Dattilo, MD, PhD; Valérie Biousse, MD |
24 |
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MRI Findings in Giant Cell Arteritis | Case 1. An 80-year-old Caucasian woman presented with a 10-day history of headaches, intermittent binocular diplopia, and jaw pain. Temporal artery biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of giant cell arteritis. MRI with contrast showed enhancement of bilateral optic nerve sheaths in addition to enhancement o... | Wael A. Alsakran, MD; Andre Aung, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD |
25 |
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Multimodal Imaging in Ocular Syphilis | A 60 year-old-man with a 3-month history of painless blurred vision was found to have bilateral disc edema. Visual function was unremarkable OU except for enlargement of the blind spot OS. Brain and Orbits MRI showed mild enhancement at the left optic disc insertion and optic disc edema OS. Multimod... | George Alencastro; Valerie Biousse; Étienne Bénard-Séguin |