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1 MRI Findings in Giant Cell ArteritisCase 1. An 80-year-old Caucasian woman presented with a 10-day history of headaches, intermittent binocular diplopia, and jaw pain. Temporal artery biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of giant cell arteritis. MRI with contrast showed enhancement of bilateral optic nerve sheaths in addition to enhancement o...Wael A. Alsakran, MD; Andre Aung, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
2 Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION) With Segmental Optic Disc EdemaA 75-year old white woman with hypertension and diabetes presented with a 1 week history of vision loss in the right eye. Dilated fundus examination revealed superior segmental optic disc edema in the right eye and a small, crowded optic disc in the left eye known as a "disc-at-risk" (Figure 1). Int...Jonathan A. Micieli, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
3 Right Occipital Arteriovenous Malformation presenting as a Migraineous Visual AuraMigraine with visual aura is a distinct entity from a migraineous visual aura. A migraine with visual aura is characterized by a visual aura that does not prefer either visual field and accompanies a headache. The mechanism of the visual aura is via cortical spreading depression. A migraineous visua...Nithya Shanmugam; Fernando Labella; Valerie Biousse
4 Superior Segmental Optic Nerve HypoplasiaThis is a case of superior segmental optic nerve hypoplasia in a woman with a history of maternal diabetes. A 25 year-old woman noticed a visual field defect in her right eye. Her examination showed: visual acuity: 20/20 OD, 20/20 OS; pupils: trace relative afferent pupillary defect OD; color visi...Naa Naamuah M. Tagoe, MBChB, FWACS, FGCS; Rahul A. Sharma, MD, MPH; Valérie Biousse, MD; Nancy J. Newman, MD
5 Dilated Episcleral Vessels from Carotid Cavernous Fistula51 year white woman with a 6 months history of chronic right eye redness, periorbital swelling and progressive proptosis. She was seen by multiple providers and treated for dry eye and conjunctivitis. Her examination showed normal visual acuity, color vision and pupils. There was an intraocular pres...Amani Alzayani, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD; Ling Chen Chien, MD
6 Choroidal Infarction in Giant Cell ArteritisAn 80-year-old Caucasian woman presented with a 10-day history of headaches, intermittent binocular diplopia, and jaw pain. Temporal artery biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of giant cell arteritis. Examination showed characteristic large area of choroidal ischemia that is well-known to be associated wit...Wael A. Alsakran, MD; Andre Aung, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
7 Incipient Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION)A 61-year old white man with hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidema was seen in neuro-ophthalmology consultation for asymptomatic right optic disc edema. He had a small, crowded optic disc in the left eye known as a "disc-at-risk" (Figure 1). He had normal visual function including normal 24-2 SITA...Jonathan A. Micieli, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
8 Toxoplasmic Chorioretinitis with Unilateral Disc EdemaA 53-year-old man had a history of high myopia and a seronegative spondyloarthropathy treated with immunosuppressive agents. He presented with mild, painless vision loss in his right eye. His examination showed findings of a right anterior optic neuropathy: visual acuity: 20/20 OD (right eye), 20/20...Rahul A. Sharma, MD, MPH; Nancy J. Newman, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
9 Sequential Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION)A 68-year old woman with hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea and obesity was seen in neuro-ophthalmology consultation for vision loss in the right eye. She had right optic disc edema with a small optic disc hemorrhage a small, crowded optic disc in the left eye known as a "disc-at-risk" (Figure 1)...Jonathan A. Micieli, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
10 Choroidal Hypoperfusion Defect in Giant Cell ArteritisHere, we present a case of a 62 year-old male with vision loss in the right eye, headaches, and neck/shoulder/temporal pain, found to have choroidal hypoperfusion and diagnosed with giant cell arteritis (GCA). In combination with anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and cotton wool spots, choroidal hy...Nithya Shanmugam; Michael Dattilo; Valerie Biousse
11 Vitreopapillary TractionA 64-year-old woman was referred for bilateral optic disc edema. Examination of her optic nerves showed indistinct margins at the nasal aspect of both eyes (Figure 1). Humphrey 24-2 SITA-Fast visual fields showed non-specific depressed points in both eyes (Figure 2). Optical coherence tomography (...Jonathan A. Micieli, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
12 Classic Pathology Findings in Giant Cell ArteritisAn 80-year-old Caucasian woman presented with a 10 day history of headaches, intermittent binocular diplopia, and jaw pain. Temporal artery biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of giant cell arteritis. Pathology findings were classic for giant cell arteritis with numerous inflammatory cells in the tunica me...Andre Aung, MD; Corrina Azarcon, MD; Wael A. Alsakran, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
13 Homonymous Hemianopia Secondary to an Intracranial Bleed from an Arteriovenous MalformationThis case demonstrates a homonymous hemianopia resulting from hemorrhage secondary to a ruptured intracranial arteriovenous malformation (AVM), providing grounds for illustration and discussion of the correlations between localization of this lesion on cerebral imaging and resultant visual field and...Lauren Hudson, MD, PhD; Valérie Biousse, MD
14 Second Order Horner Syndrome Revealing Metastatic Squamous Cell CarcinomaHorner Syndrome is secondary to a lesion of the ipsilateral sympathetic pathway and is associated with ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis. Here, we present a unique presentation of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma in a patient with a right-sided Horner Syndrome (second order). We also highlight the di...Nithya Shanmugam; Michael Dattilo; Valerie Biousse
15 Bilateral Optic Disc Edema from Hypertensive RetinopathyA 29 year-old woman was assessed for 2 weeks of headaches and 4 days of blurred vision in both eyes. Her blood pressure was 225/135. Her examination showed: best-corrected visual acuity: 20/25 OD, 20/30 OS; pupils equal and reactive without relative afferent pupillary defect; intraocular pressures 1...Benjamin I. Meyer, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
16 Cotton Wool Spots in Giant Cell ArteritisThis is a case of cotton wool spots in a patient with temporal artery-biopsy proven temporal arteritis.; ; A 66-year-old woman presents with isolated painless vision loss related to a left optic neuropathy in her left eye. She denies systemic symptoms to suggest giant cell arteritis.; Her examinatio...Rahul A. Sharma, MD, MPH; Valérie Biousse, MD
17 Malignant Hypertension With Bilateral Optic Nerve EdemaThis is a case of malignant hypertension and severe hypertensive retinopathy. A 30-year-old woman with headache and vision loss in the left eye was found to have a markedly elevated blood pressure of 205/100. CT head without contrast showed acute hemorrhage in the right temporal-occipital junction a...Rahul A. Sharma, MD, MPH; Michael Dattilo, MD, PhD; Valérie Biousse, MD
18 Optic Nerve HypoplasiaThis is an illustrated guide to the clinical diagnosis of optic nerve hypoplasia. Optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) is the most common congenital optic nerve anomaly, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 2287 live births. It may present unilaterally or bilaterally. It is seen in isolation or in associati...Rahul A. Sharma, MD, MPH; Valérie Biousse, MD
19 Optic Nerve Head Granuloma from SarcoidosisWe present a case of optic neuropathy with optic nerve head granuloma as the presenting sign of neurosarcoidosis. Initial patient presentation was notable for a chronic cough and worsening of vision in the left eye. Subsequent imaging revealed multiple brain lesions and the presence of a subcarinal ...Nithya Shanmugam; Valerie Biousse
20 Previous Branch Retinal Artery OcclusionThis is a typical case of an old branch retinal artery occlusion in a 64 year old woman presenting with persistent monocular vision loss. She had sudden onset of painless vision loss in the inferior field of her left eye approximately one year prior. Her past medical history was significant for atri...Benson S. Chen, MBChB FRACP; Valérie Biousse, MD
21 Incipient Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION) Evolving to Symptomatic NAIONA 54-year old woman with hypertension was seen in neuro-ophthalmology consultation for asymptomatic left optic disc edema. She had a small, crowded optic disc in the right eye known as a "disc-at-risk" (Figure 1). Her visual function including 24-2 SITA-Fast Humphrey visual fields were normal in bot...Jonathan A. Micieli, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
22 Typical Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: Optic Nerve Appearance and Brain MRI FindingsA 24-year old African American woman was referred for bilateral optic disc edema that was incidentally noted on a routine eye examination. She had excellent visual function and dilated examination showed bilateral optic disc edema with peripapillary wrinkles in the right eye and pseudodrusen in the ...Jonathan A. Micieli, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
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