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Title | Creator | History |
1 |
![](/dl_thumbs/00/e9/00e95d99b2b3183af634fcd7fcb9213b29286382.jpg) | The Path of Least Resistance: Over the Nose, Into the Orbit, and Around the Globe | Sahar Noorani; Ali Tejani; Mingyi Chen; Melanie Truong-Le | To determine a definitive diagnosis, biopsy of the left lateral rectus muscle was planned. Given the improvement seen on imaging and to optimize biopsy yield, the patient was weaned off steroids. However, he deteriorated almost immediately after cessation of steroids and developed worsening diplopia... |
2 |
![](/dl_thumbs/ac/1d/ac1d16171a136b296097ec4516a5532d2548b2f5.jpg) | Orbitally Vexed | Blake Colman; Rogan Fraser; Evelyn Perry; Prashanth Ramachandran; Shivanand Sheth; Neil Shuey; Subahari Raviskanthan | Genetic testing had revealed a Mel41Val missense mutation in a gene located in the UBA1 gene on the X- chromosome, in keeping with a diagnosis of VEXAS syndrome. Pulsed intravenous methylprednisolone resulted in rapid improvement of symptoms with only mild abduction restriction, temporal conjunctiva... |
3 |
![](/dl_thumbs/42/be/42be2afda0b1e20bf5a809586f117dae9cd48d77.jpg) | The Path of Least Resistance: Over the Nose, Into the Orbit, and Around the Globe | Sahar Noorani; Ali Tejani; Mingyi Chen; Melanie Truong-Le | To determine a definitive diagnosis, biopsy of the left lateral rectus muscle was planned. Given the improvement seen on imaging and to optimize biopsy yield, the patient was weaned off steroids. However, he deteriorated almost immediately after cessation of steroids and developed worsening diplopia... |
4 |
![](/dl_thumbs/c7/e5/c7e535a9429aead56990ddf772f79e8cfe793095.jpg) | Losing Vision, Losing Sleep | Bart Chwalisz; Aditi Varma-Doyle; Jenny Linnoila | CSF indirect immunofluorescence assay was positive for IgLON5 (Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecule-5) antibodies at 1:8 titer, confirmed by cell-based assay. After completion of a subsequent steroid taper, given symptomatic progression, the patient's treatment regimen was escalated to monthly... |
5 |
![](/dl_thumbs/5f/8c/5f8c7925c10a22ae02f98d404516e5f39713f836.jpg) | Headache and Visual Deficits: Ironing Out the Details | Amalie Chen; Leigh Rettenmaier; Andres Santos; Mariel Kozberg; Sashank Prasad | MRI brain with gadolinium contrast revealed diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement, most prominently in the bilateral temporal parieto-occipital and left frontal sulci (Fig.1), with associated T2/FLAIR sulcal hyperintensity (Fig.2). T2-weighted images showed enlarged perivascular spaces (i.e. Virchow-Ro... |
6 |
![](/dl_thumbs/76/79/767905957dc3621866a1c708fa7e78c32099cb43.jpg) | Atypical Case of Optic Nerve Head Edema: Painful, Enhancing and Treacherous | Samir Touma; Katie Luneau; Jacinthe Rouleau | A cerebral MRI was done showing impressive enhancement of the intraorbital portion of the right optic nerve sheath with diffuse swelling of the optic nerve suggestive of optic neuritis. There was no extension to the optic chiasm and no infiltrative or demyelinating lesion. A retinal angiography reve... |
7 |
![](/dl_thumbs/9a/8e/9a8e5540489a50fd4e6d95f0f5815e8e4a450962.jpg) | MY-OH-MY Just a Drop will Do | Mark Aurel Nagy; John Gonzales; Thuy Doan; Jay Stewart; Annemieke Vanzante; Nailyn Rasool | The patient initially presented with progressive intraocular inflammation and uveitic glaucoma. He reported headaches, weight loss, depression and changes in his libido. Upon examination, the patient's mental status was altered, being somnolent, slow to answer questions, with continuous hiccups and ... |
8 |
![](/dl_thumbs/47/04/4704c6ba32ecf511a22379c11f3652758116c692.jpg) | It Can't Be Me, But … Maybe it's Both of Us? | George Park; Steven Galetta; Laura Balcer; Janet Rucker; Leah Geiser Roberts; Arline Faustin; Nithisha Prasad; Ariane Lewis; Timothy Shepherd; Mark Finkelstein; Scott Grossman | The patient presented with progressive positional headaches, likely related to presumed increased intracranial pressure, along with a left 6th nerve palsy. The process was likely related to local inflammation/compression with initial imaging showing a left petroclival lesion with extension into the ... |
9 |
![](/dl_thumbs/40/b6/40b6cf0cab2c6eda142b9eb732c4e6a17c976cc6.jpg) | Devine Intervention | Letitia Pirau; Wayne Cornblath; Lindsey De Lott; Sangeeta Khanna; Tatiana Deveney | A 30 yo woman presented to the comprehensive ophthalmology clinic with bilateral decreased vision. She had no prior ocular history. Her medical history was notable for breast cancer (diagnosed 1 year prior), treated with radiation, chemotherapy, lumpectomy, and pembrolizumab (completed 8/9 planned i... |
10 |
![](/dl_thumbs/00/fd/00fd2cba4bb7cff6337b5a7fd243bbb71516eb77.jpg) | Double Double, Toil and Trouble | Kevin Yan; Adeniyi Fisayo; Joachim Bähring; Declan McGuone | The patient's symptoms are all related to her multiple intracranial lesions, with the left cavernous sinus lesion being the most symptomatic and resulting double vision and jaw numbness. The lower motor neuron pattern left facial weakness is likely attributable to posterior extension of the lesion a... |
11 |
![](/dl_thumbs/87/db/87db4f06be91fe726781548f03f0a44e0ad71e44.jpg) | Go Back to the House, MD | Marc Bouffard | CSF examination revealed 0 WBC, 1 RBC, protein 78, and a glucose of 96. MRI brain revealed FLAIR hyperintensities in the brainstem, basal ganglia, and subcortical white matter without abnormal post-contrast enhancement or diffusion restriction. The history was revisited with a painstaking "yes/no" i... |
12 |
![](/dl_thumbs/44/34/4434ecfb645ba7ab7bc15bb0edf8b8dba07c4090.jpg) | How to Get the Red Out | Raghu Mudumbai; Courtney Francis; Eugene May | Prior testing included C3, C4 normal, RF neg, ANA neg, MPO/PR3/ANCA neg HLA b27 neg, CCP neg, Hsv1 igG positive, Hga1c 6.3, ACE normal, HIV negative. An angiogram to evaluate for C-C fistula which was negative. MRI of the Orbits indicated Nodular enhancement along the left optic nerve with repeat im... |
13 |
![](/dl_thumbs/12/e9/12e9b2208c1484a5d1d9511c38cde6ce5a1c0e39.jpg) | A White Matter Riddle Encased in Mystery, Coiled Inside an Enigma | Nathan Tagg; Elizabeth Rooks; Vanessa Smith; Thomas Cummings | A 59-year-old woman was admitted for evaluation of progressive paranoia and was treated for bipolar disorder. An MRI during evaluation revealed a 10 x 7 x 7 mm right MCA aneurysm. She underwent stent-assisted coil embolization nine months later without immediate complications. Four months post-proce... |
14 |
![](/dl_thumbs/04/6c/046ca26e1e17d3fe878ba3c9a6bd2dab3bd2295a.jpg) | Anchora Sella | Adeniyi Fisayo; Vanessa Veloso | On August 3, 2023, endoscopic endonasal resection of the sellar mass revealed a soft hemorrhagic mass within the sphenoid sinus, sellar and suprasellar spaces. Gross appearance of the mass was atypical for meningioma while frozen section revealed malignant, metastatic appearance. Final pathology rev... |
15 |
![](/dl_thumbs/00/0e/000ef494d92ec519c6bffb13c0b1549eaa8be51c.jpg) | (Don't) Blame it on Rio | Avital Lily Okrent Smolar; Andre Aung; Fernando Labella Alvarez; Aliaksandr Aksionau; Stewart Neill; Sachin Kedar | A 43-year-old woman experienced blurred vision and pulsatile tinnitus after gaining 20 lbs. Six months later, optometric evaluation showed normal vision and bilateral optic nerve swelling. MRI brain with and without contrast was reportedly normal. One month later, she underwent a "Brazilian butt lif... |
16 |
![](/dl_thumbs/30/97/30972493fccc69c8ccb42cd0035930f7fb95a1e7.jpg) | Losing Vision, Losing Sleep | Bart Chwalisz; Aditi Varma-Doyle; Jenny Linnoila | CSF indirect immunofluorescence assay was positive for IgLON5 (Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecule-5) antibodies at 1:8 titer, confirmed by cell-based assay. After completion of a subsequent steroid taper, given symptomatic progression, the patient's treatment regimen was escalated to monthly... |
17 |
![](/dl_thumbs/c7/9f/c79f367372c6aa4a3291215e45148b066ea2ae9c.jpg) | It Can't Be Me, But … Maybe it's Both of Us? | George Park; Steven Galetta; Laura Balcer; Janet Rucker; Leah Geiser Roberts; Arline Faustin; Nithisha Prasad; Ariane Lewis; Timothy Shepherd; Mark Finkelstein; Scott Grossman | The patient presented with progressive positional headaches, likely related to presumed increased intracranial pressure, along with a left 6th nerve palsy. The process was likely related to local inflammation/compression with initial imaging showing a left petroclival lesion with extension into the ... |
18 |
![](/dl_thumbs/71/57/71578b081a96ee933c2fc801411b61fe3353a49c.jpg) | Orbitally Vexed | Blake Colman; Rogan Fraser; Evelyn Perry; Prashanth Ramachandran; Shivanand Sheth; Neil Shuey; Subahari Raviskanthan | Genetic testing had revealed a Mel41Val missense mutation in a gene located in the UBA1 gene on the X- chromosome, in keeping with a diagnosis of VEXAS syndrome. Pulsed intravenous methylprednisolone resulted in rapid improvement of symptoms with only mild abduction restriction, temporal conjunctiva... |
19 |
![](/dl_thumbs/24/1e/241e239ab84b2009a7e66ffabbccaea7f1af0ff3.jpg) | Headache and Visual Deficits: Ironing Out the Details | Amalie Chen; Leigh Rettenmaier; Andres Santos; Mariel Kozberg; Sashank Prasad | MRI brain with gadolinium contrast revealed diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement, most prominently in the bilateral temporal parieto-occipital and left frontal sulci (Fig.1), with associated T2/FLAIR sulcal hyperintensity (Fig.2). T2-weighted images showed enlarged perivascular spaces (i.e. Virchow-Ro... |
20 |
![](/dl_thumbs/bd/22/bd228da8ef02186257f51359fcd7a1a8bb041864.jpg) | Atypical Case of Optic Nerve Head Edema: Painful, Enhancing and Treacherous | Samir Touma; Katie Luneau; Jacinthe Rouleau | A cerebral MRI was done showing impressive enhancement of the intraorbital portion of the right optic nerve sheath with diffuse swelling of the optic nerve suggestive of optic neuritis. There was no extension to the optic chiasm and no infiltrative or demyelinating lesion. A retinal angiography reve... |
21 |
![](/dl_thumbs/80/3e/803e76889ba4e83f05265d4d50cbb6772a893f77.jpg) | MY-OH-MY Just a Drop will Do | Mark Aurel Nagy; John Gonzales; Thuy Doan; Jay Stewart; Annemieke Vanzante; Nailyn Rasool | The patient initially presented with progressive intraocular inflammation and uveitic glaucoma. He reported headaches, weight loss, depression and changes in his libido. Upon examination, the patient's mental status was altered, being somnolent, slow to answer questions, with continuous hiccups and ... |
22 |
![](/dl_thumbs/a4/79/a47993cba0d4000d9b7816503a268a4422ccc7fa.jpg) | Devine Intervention | Letitia Pirau; Wayne Cornblath; Lindsey De Lott; Sangeeta Khanna; Tatiana Deveney | A 30 yo woman presented to the comprehensive ophthalmology clinic with bilateral decreased vision. She had no prior ocular history. Her medical history was notable for breast cancer (diagnosed 1 year prior), treated with radiation, chemotherapy, lumpectomy, and pembrolizumab (completed 8/9 planned i... |
23 |
![](/dl_thumbs/cf/1e/cf1e177d60cf2f7eca2847bfede910c2f896cf5e.jpg) | Go Back to the House, MD | Marc Bouffard | CSF examination revealed 0 WBC, 1 RBC, protein 78, and a glucose of 96. MRI brain revealed FLAIR hyperintensities in the brainstem, basal ganglia, and subcortical white matter without abnormal post-contrast enhancement or diffusion restriction. The history was revisited with a painstaking "yes/no" i... |
24 |
![](/dl_thumbs/bd/11/bd11db20e2378d4b95a91806607174aeb698f454.jpg) | A White Matter Riddle Encased in Mystery, Coiled Inside an Enigma | Nathan Tagg; Elizabeth Rooks; Vanessa Smith; Thomas Cummings | A 59-year-old woman was admitted for evaluation of progressive paranoia and was treated for bipolar disorder. An MRI during evaluation revealed a 10 x 7 x 7 mm right MCA aneurysm. She underwent stent-assisted coil embolization nine months later without immediate complications. Four months post-proce... |
25 |
![](/dl_thumbs/67/39/6739d1c671a12aa8c595ef84b79a1432d673824c.jpg) | Double Double, Toil and Trouble | Kevin Yan; Adeniyi Fisayo; Joachim Bähring; Declan McGuone | The patient's symptoms are all related to her multiple intracranial lesions, with the left cavernous sinus lesion being the most symptomatic and resulting double vision and jaw numbness. The lower motor neuron pattern left facial weakness is likely attributable to posterior extension of the lesion a... |