Art and Art History
 
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176 Toussaint L'Ouverture series, panel no. 1: Columbus discovered Haiti on December 6, 1492. The discovery was on Columbus' first trip to the New World. He is shown planting the official Spanish flag, under which he sailed. The priest shows the influence of the Church upon peopleImage
177 Toussaint L'Ouverture series, panel no. 20: General Toussaint L'Ouverture, Statesman and military genius, esteemed by the Spaniards, feared by the English, dreaded by the French, hated by the planters, and reverenced by the BlacksImage
178 Toussaint L'Ouverture series, panel no. 21: General Toussaint L'Ouverture attacked the English at Artibonite and there captured two townsImage
179 Toussaint L'Ouverture series, panel no. 22: Settling down at St. Marc, he took possession of two important postsImage
180 Toussaint L'Ouverture series, panel no. 23: General L'Ouverture collected forces at Marmelade, and on October the 9th, 1794, left with 500 men to capture San MiguelImage
181 Toussaint L'Ouverture series, panel no. 24: General L'Ouverture confers with Leveaux at Dondon with his principal aides, Dessalines, Commander of San Miguel, Duminil, Commander of Plaisaince, Desrouleaux, Ceveaux and Maurepas, Commanders of the Battalions, and prepares an attack at St. MarcImage
182 Toussaint L'Ouverture series, panel no. 25: General Toussaint L'Ouverture defeats the English at SalineImage
183 Toussaint L'Ouverture series, panel no. 26: On March 24, he captured MirebaloisImage
184 Toussaint L'Ouverture series, panel no. 27: Returning to private life as the commander and chief of the army, he saw to it that the country was well taken care of, and Haiti returned to prosperity. During this important period, slavery was abolished, and attention focused upon agricultural pursuitsImage
185 Toussaint L'Ouverture series, panel no. 28: The constitution was prepared and presented to Toussaint on the 19th day of May, 1800, by nine men he had chosen, eight of whom were white properietors and one mulatto. Toussaint's liberalism led him to choose such a group to draw up the constitution. He was much criticized for his choice, but the constitution proved workableImage
186 Toussaint L'Ouverture series, panel no. 29: L'Ouverture made a triumphant march into San Domingo on the 2nd of January, 1801, at the head of 10,000 men, and hoisted the flag of the French Republic. Toussaint did not wish to break with the French, the largest group of Haitian inhabitants. The Blacks themselves spoke patois FrenchImage
187 Toussaint L'Ouverture series, panel no. 2: Mistreatment by the Spanish soldiers caused much trouble on the island and caused the death of Anacanca, a native queen, 1503. Columbus left soldiers in charge, who began making slaves of the people. The queen was one of the leaders of the insurrection which followedImage
188 Toussaint L'Ouverture series, panel no. 30: Napoleon Bonaparte begins to look on Haiti as a new land to conquer. Conquest inevitably meant further slaveryImage
189 Toussaint L'Ouverture series, panel no. 31: Napoleon's troops under LeClerc arrive at the shores of HaitiImage
190 Toussaint L'Ouverture series, panel no. 32: Henri Christoph, rather than surrender to LeClerc, sets fire to La Cape. Christoph, one of Toussaint's aides, sent word that the French were in Haitian waters - that he had held them off as long as possibleImage
191 Toussaint L'Ouverture series, panel no. 33: General L'Ouverture, set for war with Napoleon, prepares Crete-a-Pierrot as a point of resitance. Toussaint took his troops into the mountains, deciding upon guerilla warfareImage
192 Toussaint L'Ouverture series, panel no. 34: Toussaint defeats Napoleon's troops at EnneryImage
193 Toussaint L'Ouverture series, panel no. 35: Yellow fever broke out with great violence, thus having a great physical and moral effect on the French soldiers. The French sought a truce with L'OuvertureImage
194 Toussaint L'Ouverture series, panel no. 36: During the truce Toussaint is deceived and arrested by LeClerc. LeClerc felt that with Toussaint out of the way, the Blacks would surrenderImage
195 Toussaint L'Ouverture series, panel no. 37: Toussaint is taken to Paris and imprisoned in the dungeon of the Castle Joux - August 17, 1802Image
196 Toussaint L'Ouverture series, panel no. 38: Napoleon's attempt to restore slavery in Haiti was unsuccessful. Dessalines, Chief of the Blacks, defeated LeClerc. Black men, women, and children took up arms to preserve their freedomImage
197 Toussaint L'Ouverture series, panel no. 39: The death of Toussaint L'Ouverture in the Prison of Le Joux, April, 1803. Imprisoned a year, Toussaint died of a broken heartImage
198 Toussaint L'Ouverture series, panel no. 3: Spain and France fought for Haiti constantlyImage
199 Toussaint L'Ouverture series, panel no. 40: The Declaration of Independence was signed January 1, 1804 - Dessalines, Clevaux, and Henri Christoph. These three men made up a new constitution, writing it themselves. The Haitian flag shows in the sketchImage
200 Toussaint L'Ouverture series, panel no. 41: Dessalines was crowned Emperor October 4, 1804, thus: Jean Jacques the First of Haiti. Dessalines, standing beside a broken chain, had the powers of dictator, as opposed to Toussaint's more liberal leadershipImage
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