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51 MRI Characteristics of Cavernous Sinus and Superior Ophthalmic Vein Septic ThrombosisSeptic left cavernous sinus and superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis, secondary to left maxillary tooth abscess. MRI characteristics. Figure 1 : MRI Orbits (Coronal T2 with fat suppression) : Left periorbital edema (increased T2 signal, yellow arrows) extends inferiorly along the premalar tissues to ...Devin D. Mackay, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
52 MRI Findings in Giant Cell ArteritisCase 1. An 80-year-old Caucasian woman presented with a 10-day history of headaches, intermittent binocular diplopia, and jaw pain. Temporal artery biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of giant cell arteritis. MRI with contrast showed enhancement of bilateral optic nerve sheaths in addition to enhancement o...Wael A. Alsakran, MD; Andre Aung, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
53 MRI Findings in Gliomatosis CerebriSingle case of gliomatosis cerebri identified on mulltiple MRI images pre- and post-contrast administration with axial and coronal views. Figure 1 : Axial brain MRI (T2) - Diffusely thickened and T2 hyperintense area (yellow arrows) centered within the genu of the corpus callosum with extension into...Jason Peragallo, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
54 MRI Findings in Optic Nerve and Chiasmal Glioma in ChildhoodMultiple cases of optic pathway gliomas are demonstrated using MRI imaging. The optic pathway gliomas are identified at multiple points in the optic pathways. Figure 1 : Patient 1: Axial orbital MRI (T1 postcontrast with fat suppression) showing thickening and enhancement of the right optic nerve a...Jason Peragallo, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
55 Multimodal Imaging in Ocular SyphilisA 60 year-old-man with a 3-month history of painless blurred vision was found to have bilateral disc edema. Visual function was unremarkable OU except for enlargement of the blind spot OS. Brain and Orbits MRI showed mild enhancement at the left optic disc insertion and optic disc edema OS. Multimod...George Alencastro; Valerie Biousse; Étienne Bénard-Séguin
56 Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG) - Antibody Optic NeuritisThis is an illustrated guide to the clinical diagnosis of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-antibody optic neuritis. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is a glycoprotein on the surface of myelin and is found exclusively in the central nervous system (CNS). MOG likely mediates a comple...Bryce Buchowicz, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
57 NeurosarcoidosisThis is an illustrated guide to the clinical diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disorder characterized by non-caseating granulomas. It can affect multiple organ systems including the lungs, skin, orbit, and brain. When there is central nervous system (CNS) ...Bryce Buchowicz, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
58 Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION) With Segmental Optic Disc EdemaA 75-year old white woman with hypertension and diabetes presented with a 1 week history of vision loss in the right eye. Dilated fundus examination revealed superior segmental optic disc edema in the right eye and a small, crowded optic disc in the left eye known as a "disc-at-risk" (Figure 1). Int...Jonathan A. Micieli, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
59 Nonfunctiong Pituitary Adenoma with Chiasmal CompressionThis is a case of large non-functioning pituitary adenoma with mass effect on the optic chiasm inducing loss of optic nerve fibers and subsequent visual field. Figure 1: Fundus photographs demonstrating bilateral temporal optic nerve head pallor Figure 2: Humphrey visual fields demonstrating a bitem...William Pearce, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
60 Normal Retinal AnatomyNormal posterior vitreous, retinal and chroroidal anatomy (pictures, fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography). Figure 1: Normal fundus photograph of the left eye o a : Optic disc and fovea o b : Foveal reflex in young patients o c : Macular and foveal areas share the same center o d...Rabih Hage, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
61 Occipital Hemorrhagic Infarction Secondary to Bacterial Endocarditis-Congruent Homonymous Scotomatous Hemianopic DefectMRI features of occipital hemorrhage secondary to bacterial endocarditis Figure 1 : Humphrey visual fields showing a congruent homonymous scotomatous hemianopic defect Figure 2 : axial gradient echo T2*w brain MRI Figure 3 : axial T1w and T2w brain MRI Figure 4 : axial postcontrast T1w brain MRISamuel Bidot, MD; Amit M. Saindane, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
62 Occipital Infarction with Incomplete Congruent Homonymous HemianopiaCT appearance of a remote occipital infarction. Congruent homonymous hemianopia.Samuel Bidot, MD; Amit M. Saindane, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
63 Occipital Pyogenic Abscess with Homonymous HemianopiaThis is a case of right occipital abscess with a left homonymous hemianopia. Number of Figures and legend for each: 8 figures Figure 1: Humphrey visual fields: Dense left homonymous hemianopia Figure 2: T2-weighted axial MRI : Round, hyperintense lesion (yellow arrow) in the right occipital lobe sur...Rabih Hage, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
64 Ocular Fundus ExaminationReview of various techniques of ocular fundus examination, including direct ophthalmoscopy, binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy, slit lamp binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy, and fundus photography. Advantages and disadvantages of each technique are discussed.Devin D. Mackay, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
65 Ocular Hypoperfusion from Severe Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis68 year-old man complaining of mildly decreased vision OD with fluctuation of vision throughout the day. Fluorescein angiography shows delayed choroidal and retinal fillings, suggesting hypoperfusion of the right eye.Samuel Bidot, MD; Amit M. Saindane, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
66 Ophthalmic Artery AneurysmSlideshow describing ophthalmic artery aneurysm with MRI imaging.Valérie Biousse, MD
67 Optic Disc Edema and PseudoedemaA presentation covering how to approach optic disc edema, including clinical characteristics and the distinction of pseudoedema.Rahul A. Sharma, MD, MPH; Valérie Biousse, MD
68 Optic Disc MelanocytomaA 26-year-old woman was seen for assessment of an asymptomatic optic nerve abnormality in her left eye. Her examination showed normal afferent visual function: visual acuity: 20/30 OD and 20/25 OS; PH 20/20 OU; pupils: no relative afferent pupil defect; color vision: 14/14 plates correct OU. Humphre...Rahul A. Sharma, MD, MPH; Valérie Biousse, MD
69 Optic Disc Pseudoedema Due to Leber Hereditary Optic NeuropathyA 23-year-old woman developed sequential painless central vision loss in both eyes (right eye 5 months ago and left eye 2 months ago). Her examination showed bilateral optic neuropathies: visual acuity: 20/300 eccentrically OU (no improvement with pinhole); pupils: equal and reactive with no relativ...Rahul A. Sharma, MD, MPH; Valérie Biousse, MD
70 Optic Nerve Head Granuloma from SarcoidosisWe present a case of optic neuropathy with optic nerve head granuloma as the presenting sign of neurosarcoidosis. Initial patient presentation was notable for a chronic cough and worsening of vision in the left eye. Subsequent imaging revealed multiple brain lesions and the presence of a subcarinal ...Nithya Shanmugam; Valerie Biousse
71 Optic Nerve HypoplasiaThis is an illustrated guide to the clinical diagnosis of optic nerve hypoplasia. Optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) is the most common congenital optic nerve anomaly, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 2287 live births. It may present unilaterally or bilaterally. It is seen in isolation or in associati...Rahul A. Sharma, MD, MPH; Valérie Biousse, MD
72 Optic Nerve Sheath MeningiomaThis is a case of an optic nerve sheath meningioma (ONSM) in a 56-year-old woman who presented with gradual, painless vision loss in her left eye. Optic disc photos at presentation showed temporal pallor of the left optic nerve (Figure 1) and Cirrus optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the retinal ...Jonathan A. Micieli, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
73 Optical Coherence Tomography of the Retinal Nerve Fiber LayerA normal optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the macula is shown highlighting the position of a single retinal ganglion cell and its axon in the retinal nerve fiber layer (Figure 1). The topographical relationship of retinal ganglion cells in the retina to the visual field and position in the ante...Jonathan A. Micieli, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
74 Orbital and Cavernous Sinus Involvement by Herpes Zoster OphthalmicusA single case of the effects of herpes zoster is demonstrated using external photographs and MRI imaging. The effects demonstrated include the typical dermatomal rash as well as extraocular muscle invovlement and cavernous sinus involvement. Figure 1 : External photograph of dermatomal rash and s...Jason Peragallo, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
75 Osseous Anatomy of the Optic CanalsAnatomic study of the optic canals using 3D reconstruction of CT scan images. Figure 1 : Orbital canal seen through the orbit Figure 2 : Optic canal seen from the intracranial side (1) Figure 3 : Optic canal seen from the intracranial side (2) Figure 4 : Optic canal : axial plane Figure 5 : Optic c...Samuel Bidot, MD; Amit M. Saindane, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
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