Ira J. Kaar, Laguna Hills, California: an interview by Tim Larson

Transcript (38 pages) of interview by Tim Larson with Ira J. Kaar, on April 21, 1986. This interview is no. 124 in the Everett L. Cooley Oral History Project, and tape nos. U-456 and U-457

Kaar (b. 1902) recalls his early experiments with radio in Salt Lake City ca. 1916; the establishment of KDYL radio, 1920s; the development of television; and his later work with Hoffman Electronics in California, 1950s-1960s. Interviewer: Tim Larson

AR GUANITRTGE Acc 814 Interview No. 1 24 IRA Laguna J. Hills, An By Larson i Everett ~ California Interview Tim s KAAR ‘\i! L. Cooley Tape Nos. Oral U-456 April 21, Marriott University Salt History Lake and U-457 1986 Library of City, Utah Utah Project THE UNVERSTY OF e UTAH MARRIOTT LIBRARY - SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH 84112 .~ ~ .- EVERETT L. COOLEY ORAL HISTORY COLLECTION Date I willingly 19 to scholarly contribute the my Library testimony of the reoorded University on of 118125 1JjBJgE ‘9/.?/ Utah to 4 be used purposes. Open and Usable usable with the after my review. following restrictions: s ‘T2~ A //ti{//!/ Interviewee rzf Interv1ew 68@*‘“”“ /;//yié for N Table First Experiments With Hord@SpanskiiCait Hich Secheel i e Uil Readings. Nax Wireless o « Forest . 50l MR . R TR ety News Newhouse Hotel News e el L v « < o e o s e Rl . o « « . e e s . &« . o . « . e e e e BRI Broadcast Transmitters. . . o s 10 e e he e e e alat e e e Broadcast Receiver . . . o e . si . . . (8 12 . . . . 15 15 s « 13 14 . 17 . . 18 e & o s e 18 . . . . . 2l . . . 23 Development. IR . Station. . 10 . Position. RIS . . . e . . Station. < e « Transmitter. Commercial PEOMOELONSEE- e . System. v R Broadcast Electric . « . © . s S REABO AT el 0 Department. Panquitceh¥Signaill. General « . v Broadcast Telegram Deseret ey SRR Developing « o SR WatENEransmitters. T ANINE SRRSR 2 Service Radio ERgineeringesStudent. DESH . Operator. Shipiftcleveland™. National Contents Radio. AMACCIESNDAESTERGERGERTE Shipboard of e L 24 Brecquency TPeillev Medulatlanih Silon National SHae of 0. SERLSHES Television Competitors faf 00 S0, B System . RhesWanciiVe Qs SIS v Bexelopmenti@f TRadar: Enfraredt Transmission. Lilght CallDERESllevHISTENE N Committee Consultatif AEEerREhe MWaF Radiioi Clleck! Hoffman s . lic il o0 & Hamous s, oin PASSeCTabes il HONOES G e EAame TN v s . o o o 2 . . . . 28 & 9 e e e 29 e . e s e e 2.9 - s 30 se S Radio. 32 S 0 s e e s e 313 . &« . « <« o « @ = 34 . . . . e el o s e 35 o e e te e 37 Sl e is) s oo o o o ol Bo o . et o 't . . . . 26 15 Ll SRRt RECOIVEO e = Corporation. ReScarcChEEabOEAEOEYCY HeltI le. s o Bevellopment. QuelSeralSeralliltin e International iRl Electronics i a e e 25 Committee. Electric. « o Lo General oIS o e o s e ue o el e e s i e w 315 37 38 w 38 THIS INTERVIEW IS LAGO WEST, LAGUNA APRIL 21, 1986 AND KAAR IN HIS HOME. WITH MR. IRA J. KAAR, 5394C PASEO HILLS, CALIFORNIA 92653. THE DATE THIS IS DR. TIM LARSON INTERVIEWING DEL IS IRA ADOLESCENCE TL: The first thing, is your early upbringing and and Tim, turned I out would Salt like Lake What starting to of ten, to talk and the about your brought KDYL, ends. When a cling you first early to radio station It was together and coherer in thing would remember we backyard worked; tried to about we open did that the current Then the get the houses a signal. from a been done in the iron for a could from the 1line west It of the signal. line I in McCollough's where struck strike and clothes in would operate would new at doorbell. filings a glass filings which iron a electrodes of the receiver was clapper clothes three read tapper a out had two the again I which with later when days the dislodge be backyard by received, pass had what occurred I coherer filings sounder. and that a struck signal old. those called iron was years In with wireless progress was contact and eleven with telegraph the first radio the what filled the my wireless. comprised tube be about field my in childhood. guess probably library a I Lake? Well, was that days eventually Salt IK: Ike, I me lived. as It rather IRA KAAR #1 humorous that associates I think Rid radio in I swau My your haunted avidly library I was that not the next era coil could was properly radiate a believe, coilgy of lead communicating to together the there, ‘a and spark That was which an used was and thenydetector distances 2 to a City. and State I read them a very that line I Street develop time, between his satisfactorily, fad soon perhaps coil. it passed could The Ford gap, and antenna, it across to Ike? Lake and the one, spark days, During and Ford a on operated the sulphide at Kaar, parade, telephone that was detector plushs a connected signal. my phenomenon. Salt hill wireless. wireless era in the the find and produce crystal up built was "Mr. early South beginning 1in house The called on because my of filings cling those started could I in 7th that I and away. I East interest house the 243 and ‘iron will address theh, McCollough day, interesting subject they that strong one one " home the later said an you wave was books but +thatif current? Well years laboratory frequency address 30 discovered knew was for the have canductha What some a in spark if silicon. vuprovided depending of a with galena, The Ford @ means @ only it would conjunction crystal be spark on for the IRA KAAR #1 amouné of used the up power this scheme house near scheme at of a the modern than the old Then, course, of the "p" interesting It with and came was called, in those torn down high schools enough, a day the read I what professors. either. The transmitter; as strange have Sometimes next that of school since; I as could understand they a had, spark chose has chose it of to why me books wireless in on books John there by Pierce and of referred understand that powered of the by that wireless understand I the interestingly on by It any books couldn't was I I of high electrics University. were Popoff, by era is, LDS those there Hertz, couldn't high thing had and with physics, also library much and laboratories remember by school, the It more material. years Lake. would I and I a electrode The many good added the best Salt It's school Fessenden and the very telegraphy. others. these in telegraphy. days, note one use the to nothing type and and really high to Lake, we lived is "n" laboratories. had who is opportunity it Ensign well. chemistry because house Salt and been Jack my in crystal of remember between named transistor overlays I building rather the school man capitol worked transmitter. successfully young that some the the them, to my them spark mains IRA KAAR #1 through spark a spark gap. At gap which then progressed gap. The spark very high rate of which about fifteen the it business. The You in recall glass plates by-ten inches Street who been used days the studio. in or was willing and were These a found I so. to sell his in 4 the to answer new and I files. plates But to a base, was made in on eight- were plates me in plates. were photographer to came from a on do took I turn to motor a photographs those one photographic utilized condenser recall had disk, spark-gap the with provided and disk mounted and cleaner vacuum junked the gap was which motor cleaner vacuum a of use and gap the Finally, difficult. was job that place spark finding and RPM, thousand I years. This disk. the turned motor the spark rotary rotary this with problems the to passed studs many for amateurs the by mounted were take a at turning, would the called was spark rotary a which two the when stationary adjacent spérk the a the came studs off This electrodes. used on these cut be would disk a was to by electrodes, stationary it interrupted speed, of When studs. was was first discharged and condenser (glass-plate a charged which transformer high-voltage a used coil, spark Ford the of instead This, residence. a into current on State which make had sure IRA KAAR #1 that I didn't before ten he sold cents copper good and into a comprised and antenna upon a notice that G one antenna. at the rather a an Later mast year, Ike, to of stood days antenna. a The problem. my backyard two-by-fours the pole. yard of for of the two-by-fours feet was other pole company four at guys high, I end power over (I which power with up home in the the mast There my there) abandoned sixty antenna, amateur in a with of supports I had This, of pole with whole I the the longer two-by-four This What gap. to invitation length. it no on overlapping of top and early power and with proud the front is places, very the coupler the the urgent inserted spark extension tree double a the those oil, off think covered somewhat pulleys the I kilowatt above this of I up, in was near the built with transfer built tree installed and a feet popler use there twenty-five me transformer of posed I charged tank also which all them about Fortunately, it He plates. transmitter provided scratched stacked of my he plates. those to addition image, the for condenser the the me each foil assembly use the and whole I was indeed. are we talking about with the power pole? RIS We would be talking about 5 1916 or 'l7, there abouts. IRA KAAR #1 TTys During IR No, the it came war was just before before the got a letter wireless which interest the war? war instructed my war, any I that dismantle the just along, Defense or because from me, the in transmitter I did. Then was the I I the war Department polite for think summer when the the of terms to duration next thing graduated from of of high school. SHIPBOARD I wanted steamship. on my I own for the a I had in to which Salt Lake. When idea where we job, that sleep, and Francisco. it had I operator I was on the went aboard this going. to going I was developed through the canal was a steamer, I was eat going that and and 6 back it I "Newport", a my up station steamer, I had that I place some have to our haunted before satisfied and was seagoing weeks in I then steamship times return to ship went to the West Coast. stopped a examination and me, many a the license, to and on took on transmitting, years, heard and mail an seemed were that It several Francisco, job operator steamships operator's a ship a I for San for, found wireless the becoming went docks a heard commercial finally be receiver interested vessel. to at all in no had to San Panama of It the IRA KAAR #1 ports on read the of way those visited huts. But that adobe ran it trip Panama. now Mazatlan white-washed that to ports them, ditch down huts. was others The the how were street the spots. in When system front of but a those to Central I was of nevertheless, natives to nothing sanitation interesting, see interesting vacation and down and as It's make America lived. TE S Was this IK No, this just just before would was the from remember we radio was room a stopped radio the presented courtesy of and home took built One a the with transmitter power output voice signal of to port--I pay a me was a the operators, which my around those watts, but amateur friends it saw It some think it sensing those When two did. I guarded station. the transmitter, of I to I tube. two it warship I tube of with the because Lab's 7 had_ think which Bell to I wvisit the five my to It Navy, me because anchored to me U.S. 1920 one was trip using of "Cleveland", equipment. VT2. interest, the also? at invited welcome instance, was was I school. there aboard very modern for I War summer high Acapulco--and "Cleveland". I be graduated I World around tubes, carefully I got tubes. did my home, It had transmit Salt a Lake IRA KAAR #1 City, and would be I don't because know I how didn't much hear further its anyone else. from range IDAHO Then with next the National National in Forest Idaho. My building radio small fence time obtained be from General that were sea carried. was of antennas, installation purpose telephone of of far from satisfactory. Every first tree no more would fall telephone thought serve thing their The were United made the this and change of 8 wave perhaps bought was some and the length, radio equipment for the These were across the equipment we He transmitters Navy. trips first this better. originally States would across purpose designed the that communication. that receivers of system along the trees Electric. that a a and Ocean, Forest for. . the . appropriation purchased By the had forester planes National and a would planes Atlantic that there an Idaho in occur, chief the hung would the in erection and "vacation" wire fire communication the Service was and the a fires. bailing would on D'Alene shanties, which happen line, for posts a went Service equipmént Forest of I Coeur called forest comprised NC4 the telephone The 1921, Forest and job of reporting So summer, adapted they these IRA KAAR #1 and my another in boyhood McCall, friend (he incidently, me) installed Forest the at and and was who two of very partner an I other. in me think, I've these a this Coeur and providing on job student the Anyway, besides McCollough, engineering transmitters the well My accompanied also Mooresville, name worked Idaho. Idaho Warren, in installed was remember, I One, well. very worked they and use, service forest the for sets with D'Alene forgotten transmitters very interesting vacation. pleasant COLLEGE to those days--Professor from professors severe critic and physics from him, of chemistry main my because McPhearson was original Scott, but of that little and a in later years. taught who he there Then S was my great deal of who off his on was me to Taylor taught attention much then there was He mathematics. new through him electrics, really rubbed too pay was interest Tugman some Horne was didn't I which electrics, my respected have there Then years. these all I and went of a learned I mentor. interest remember I thermodynamics. and chemistry the current alternating physics, the my immediately and school, engineering in enrolled both i and McCollough an mathematics, be augmented who taught IRA KAAR #1 mechanics, and physics. I some it of During great was very had four has time, seffect von the I lectures good electrics. door was off from problem future the friends, He a always me. I me left the who was H. T. engineer and him I met In of me. He was with in have a ‘Plumb. for He the one we of became him in his mathematics or subjects, would doing a to time those years. during visiting problem taught thankfully regional a he and Dr. femember to Tugman through life, doctor open whatever to I with was this, university. and times of gentleman Company, at office»many a Mountain Electric with with met ny Rocky who years stayed that General his Parmelee and take and solution, his the time explain the and it never failed. 6ZA ¥ When returned from 50 watt two back brought on overvoltage two had 50 for watt tubes to play these increased its into range my «from amateur had emission. i brief in transmitter, My them at time and instead with, California phenomenally. 10 which tubes a I Y21, of running by filaments brought: fall the faulty of the wattutubeseTehad worked in transmitter tubes these rejuvenated thus because rejected been Tdaho range of 1920. 6ZA, was 5 I and to IRA KAAR #1 Denver to the east and to several stations of that ' in California. EENWacs introduced who of were 1nts to to the' Mr. be A. J. very Fish %21l by Dr. instrumental Plumb; in I’ . was two men the inauguration of broadcasting Utah. in broadcasting \winter' KDYL TE:S 10 Ike, I from your My suppose home. memories 6ZA and as a your very interested very he was of course, Dr. Plumb low sound of all power tube and of the in were a the high-frequency friend 143t field of a since of high man by the of This spark the I that with discussed the was Plumb Dr. especially phenomena. activities my of years times. he and with But transmitter many man, those again. with course, music that most friendship my acquainted well was course, of knowledgeable in of from reviewing the 1light to come had, we ago. forth, so and During fact and prodding begin, the broadcasting years sixty have amateur. an transmission was the to Plumb, PE:: by letters and transmitter had 1limited and had episode of over that? about me tell days details essential that early under photographs was the place '83 era you are took and next Will of KDYL events 1982 the which, Now frequency. the name So of Al IRA KAAR #1 the Salt ILake the news time place It back seems built in one that man, and Plumb said, was that the and we Of means of B Mr. Fish had other than that information, and voice I to had 12 music and transmitter it him that it to if The radio, amateurs the he house my and and much very course". out and knowledge whatever probably provided into the home. no because He such transmit « would tell he done was wireless, no and wondered came to listened bringing Smy about talked and course, broadcasting them of two interests had "Of we and Fish who man young a into this, Conrad meet broadcasting asked told Fish ships. a Plumb activity. evening, and about a as years, read what sound, directly common our had cultural and later in of do taken Conrad generally such result of this plant. use in interested could name nation had to knew he that him told had transmit the Plumb. feasible which information Fish Dr. about would its because Mr. with entirely was that at Westinghouse the Conrad met I friends it the by across forth Now event at disseminating homes. discussed an forecast broadcasting. in of gentleman had good became full transmitter so and people's of a he for medium Telegram. Pittsburgh radio that news was that a and Evening then was what of owner and publisher the was who Fish it was IRA KAAR #1 a code transmitter in Well, were extensive were explained I all would out to undertake to require parts and which were he key He to this to somewhat bought to Lake my had fairly be could the transmitter. Francisco. more advanced my I and transmitter. In than immediately due and Salt in so We started high-power, a course, 13 the the by Company, He knowledge. get them and which were the I was radio art Lake City. We necessary that returned the a made then devices and of were Electric the There broadcast a tubes tubes Fish transmitter. into transmitter Mr. tubes vacuum would transmitter amateur broadcast City, vacuum it some buy to good he had instruments the of many a Plumb San modify become General provided did. trip the if him developed been having me told I vacuum I transmitter to essential joined, they if that said asked power high the mainly Dr. which of finally Francisco San how expensive? transmitter. to And broadcast high-power Such later I company he a build absolutely history and they music. and voice were him, expecially transmitter. recent And trip a considerable modifications? amateur existing would and they? require transmit those this my of would to order modification what and it could to revision vacuum-tube transmitter Salt of type was IRA KAAR #1 and signals were particular amateur that operating one name of and Hap Sealy. new transmitter to Mr. Fish agreeable to would broadcast from auspices of broadcasting or station radio so was 6ZA the late winter transmission two years at It was a easily or early university, 14 a for an and Mr. amateur my station" possible spring way (either land "special broadcasting. under radiation is, that happened This of then took 1922. paying Fish was it Now dispensation do was the special called was to a visit transmitted “required ipoeint, so It licensed. permission obtain last license license. amateur's this tob to artists that broadcasting, do point: tthan! other in to that required a into department floor. second I parents home were which the course news engaged would kindly our be the under "Of and of you you yours Telegram who the on of reported which which parlor programs on equipment my from put and home and The done. I well, would newspaper?" the very programs generous director program a hired some My revamp was "Now, transmitter began. signals success. said, Telegram to which studio this it me permitted he a formulate, the Thus will." and my was broadcast Telegram and received the such my He the by chap a remember, I by town across received to place After for my approached IRA KAAR #1 roof of the structures a on studio Mr. licensed amateur commence their from commercial broadcasting the finished Hotel. So we broadcasting station under broadcasting the Deseret station two have was the from News, call the my letters commercial their and 15 and to and City, Lake a had a building the direction a specially to decided and from a commercial built on the It of top street so-called began Newhouse the converted station first the 6ZA; station first the amateur of I before weeks of of top the here: situations from done the on power Fish in couple a parts across Hotel. Utah the diagonally had was building News Deseret the the Mr. beforehand irecall, I form the under Dbroadcasting to for operated not had power successfully Salt of and enlarged engaged station as 'This, station. elevator the was selected that transmitter They Cope. John designated over it News busily were be were happened so to ordered I turned and commercial extension station. broadcast commercial The hotel Deseret the also the further it Now competitor of a station Fish. Hotel. of the of this they top with apparatus built Newhouse a site The agreed. I this To him. by build place a at him for station broadcast I that proposition the with me was which done was by then IRA KAAR #1 interesting episodes broadcasting. The to but read know anything day and had sure new in Panguitch, sensitive speaker these and if it things? I a receiver, was Well, be to I we him told used had 16 good for a very would of our would be down in range what have amplifier a group. good wasn't I reception accomplish to order me asked then the mayor the that said I a Could amateur a have to and to Mr. Well, after in me within be should Fish transmitter. necessary very it but either, it. about me asked and gone called he but know, didn't Fish this possible Panguitch. in signals broadcast receive one Fish about be I mayor, Mr. see it didn't they reading would and newspapers, but to been and business, broadcasting the areas outlying the up had he that him told hours; enterprising an came Utah, Panguitch, of think evening the read So it. or didn't broadcasting, about you of Many broadcasting Well, course one remember I days. of successful, were on. in only but about all they furiously that of Lake Salt around labored recall excepted. sometimes Sundays days early long day all occur will you of some early the in episode interesting the struggled we and There which of many were KSL. committee all not passed time in program programs, get to changed 1later and KZM loudI get friend, IRA KAAR #1 sensitive receiver. loudspeaker Company was who comprising a I from KDYL. started off for prepare. I more or long then and dirt, system. ground trees at Cedar held, and that the 24, first two much We was hundred our had of miles away from might gratification it that two pine to was evening be July of lo and behold the say, was one of the Lake. true was about later found It address. the our was That between the and Salt with carnival On public remote it filled the you feet wire, where KDYL, hundred a water. to young of crew trench of full days several I and deal, a a antenna That, a I an at receive was system. began I it a our while said dug Breaks and to We hung Sealy, try ground prevail the and quite it from a and KDYL had the and amplifier I filled there. spisodes to for program was signal me. help to system could for Panguitch. remember he operator Fish Mr. if the down go Electric address receiver the The amplifier that us East thereabouts. good Fish would Thirteenth public a get on Intermountain a lend to I program fellows the substitute a and gone, Mr. would find would was told I loudspeaker, I by purchased company that up or microphone, loudspeaker. upon held had 1lived South, Ninth about and He very a had who Sealy Hap of name the by fellow a We range of KDYL IRA KAAR #1 was considerably was heard and at Colorado. Denver, in Hospital Veterans the Coast West the on clearly and frequently It miles. hundred two of excess in SCHENECTADY Dr. General Plumb Electric starting six-tube very I and next frequencies per second gentleman, generate and since or nothing was It more. power it in the operated order on 18 ten developed and Alexanderson, such bore of a low It was on it, It his Each I was their New it that a name. hundred an would cycles thousand by needs than more radio a was selectivity in except as high Electric alternator was I job shipped. was The as in time. for Corporation generator, alternating-current arrived first its of station. It explanation. generate RCA the to alternator Brunswick some out loaned My far. very it before them. handle a had sensitivity, consumption power I at gladly receivers. ahead well I General of it post with the and it carry for tested was hour. portable to and receiver fine an testing a which years 1924 because want for 32 next of the sure, I'm me graduation cents 50 was to wouldn't receiver the superheterodyne portable, but my September in assigned after was salary Schenectady recommended spent I and accepted, was had very It fine could kilowatts, frequencies, IRA KAAR #1 it an were nearly used the tremendous switches instead telegraphy. These switches could minute with automatic them, since for required single hundred a typically capable transmitter at the receiving and developed a electrode was circulating kilowatts These water. each. could We used 19 words at and to It be tubes two very a develop a power period very the of readily them had 1lately and made both tubes, vacuum would of usually this where was small, progressed had type much very were Preceding high antennas The reasonable types, envelope. it hundred was here of transmitter that a height Company the tube operated lengths. transmitting the as transmitting development the reason Jjob Electric General in The of wave short these rapidly the wire. vertical in so a alternator, feet at minute, keying. they operate whereas high the than frequency higher a as operate transmitter per words slow, quite was transmission only ten of equivalent the about would in used key hand the of required and code, continental transmit to problem control severe a posed power of amounts great because transmitters, these But high. feet hundred four and length in mile a ones The size. prodigious of antenna required for copper cooled generate in plate the by twenty first IRA KAAR #1 the transmitter in New we New Brunswick the antennas, radial passed traffic and required hours per could it since a number day Europe between only of operation. 20 be I went to Central" at alternator and the great and in use deal of States, United slowly, transmitted "Rocky high were and five with feet A day. alternators At is alternators transmitters every of minute every almost These speed WIZ an was hundred four each long. mile a about five about used and station This were that "Radio called was Island. Long Point, Rocky what at station RCA the in such Next, Brunswick. New in operation in still in speed their they believe I on. day that from continued o'clock and minute, started relay the a over They midnight a words hundred a office increased By station. York eight watching by office transmitter about gradually testing, traffic watched. at minute I Germany. New the and by European the to the of determine could which transmitting that they and evening, meant a words ten about over stood we while line turned keying the control wire the This York. could in was its preliminary of deal great a after remember, Brunswick. Nauen, in Germans the by built counterpart New with operated transmitter This at WIZ at built we that transmitter it twenty-four Point" we built IRA KAAR #1 meters. forty-three on job, was I returned assigned to to a carrier wave are comprises a transmitter would as one nearly of was in transmit between Lawrence in signal, 2 to wonder We we the about at ten comprised a power kilowatts. This had and Schenectady upper on developed operated It why and bands band. hundred used the contained recall. I tubes transmitter water-cooled is side it and the contain which side one the of side each on those this, meters, hundred capacity do to transmitter transmission reasonable only transmit was assignment broadcast and of one is which transmitter. bands was WGY side-band information it eliminate University and power Company particular wave, side so band, and fifteen RCA Transmitter high the normal same The information. carrier from Schenectady single a explanation, couldn't loan Electric My a of development side off that of TRANSMITTERS day. this to operating each completion General of transmitter carrier the developed was Here in After South BROADCAST Now, Brunswick Station. Development the New Schenectady the operated in WIZ meters. seventy-three on operated which WIR for transmitter vacuum-tube the New originating York in and Canton State. the We studios IRA KAAR #1 of WGY, to standard New Canton. broadcast York single State. system abandoned and just so After the the tremendous was developed notably, make side-band for during several five-kilowatt in plate-modulated incapable installed two Denver KGO; and in WLW, the power and of do was there I and years we most the First, fifty- rather there type, So we wherein the in the 1level in was inefficient were Oakland at Ohio at at WEAF; at KOA; in Cincinnatte, later a So transmitters These was fifty-kilowatt 1low at a was design City 22 such modulation. modulation was that country and the be forgotten. York which to transmitters; complete of whole transmitters. eras. which type radiated. New in was the standard accomplished and to ensuing built low-level was amplifier the broadcasting transmitter modulation system upper powers broadcast-transmitter and the minds broadcasting standard developed have era, We was would broadcasting standard. and their a adopting the The as of that installed. up kilowatt the but episode, to the well, side-band market development, area require system single assigned very it the broadcasting new the rebroadcast serve worked of single into to would couldn't thing, well It a would signal side-band American be They increased to 500 IRA KAAR #1 kilowatts by George kilowatts by in many many, were only during the New about for receivers would be since receiver 1935 I field. lab "Morning of had and There and the shared the of these half of the our plant organizing of promoted an in a line that of broadcast General Electric the "consent Electric left I had made a receivers. began my to field to lab, work in cone loudspeakers, gathered good 23 a progress entered the on We instance, for and the the general engineers. fine very of receiver recruit the sale which and office and decree", the transmitters moved and from and engineering under and of was manufacture Glory" 1934 I the engineers line from resume interesting some - that (1930), knowledge General so about came development the in engineering spring time the to 1930 say 50 transmitters installation country of able excluded CKGW; country. radio just to York. with receivers at Electric we 'can the task department the of the we this the think reduced Canada General I 'so , Schenectady, the across in in did locations company. transmitters had Toronto, period: transmitters, given later in equally At and manufacturers that market FCC; two telephone Fyler by the group of desing of IRA KAAR #1 We moved General our of about Receiver Bridgeport to called Division the new the and plant 1956 post I of of the retired I in of retired came "for New was and the I from York child men to Vice of Laboratory. operations dream brainiest and the laboratory, Syracuse, a of manufacturing President Engineering Electronics. the and Department and our Park", Vice one except the Division the Products moved "Electronics Baker, In a of Engineering engineering we introduced manager included New of market. Electronics of plant 1935 made the departments, 1947 of the was which including In to manager Tubes, these sales. of made Transmitters, G. I Connecticut summer receivers Division autonomous the 1943, was Electronics we in Department 1949 of Bridgeport and 1fine In Each the Electric first in to of W. R. Electronics ever knew. California President good" which to for from take Hoffman Hoffman in 1967 been It's were We of years these able had no to look logical and ahead the to 1logically, step observe to to where normal 24 of mine in each era, we observation interesting radio answers visualize, next an that visualize next the in the next step. we could step, but art would transmission go. The which was IRA KAAR #1 called AM (amplitude modulation, Armstrong a scheme who had from New much York principal, Bridgeport, system were it possible to transmit it was wave system; lengths. A of than him of that far less static making secondly, the amplitudeat short transmitters were place major a have was now, and country, the a with operated these the frequency- signal; it across it and cleaner thirdly, couple they know, you all, fidelity installed experimentally as and the advantages noises a higher on of butiliE collaborated of Major development The First interfering by Armstrong we to frequency proposed the Connecticut. of was operating susceptible modulation of and numerous. capable was receiver. in modulation which done superheterodyne transmitter modulation) American in broadcasting. Tl 36 I Well, it. Somewhat law drive my first his love, chances of enjoyed my was the new but I faced in transition a were receivers. from 25 mixed watched over Cadillac advancement time who man the like had I that confess must new emotions about his cliff. a mother-inI challenge greater. much What engineer were receivers? to transmitters from transferred you when reactions your were what Ike, to I really lost had the where really I deplored executive. I was IRA KAAR #1 We did some introduced tuning interesting the internal scale, push receivers and high stage set for was broadcasting and things 1loop button next FM in But into the time advance. pictures, and that home. Now had and rule FM and the brought AM incidentally, wanted out We tubes, passes We we turned slide metal broadcasting, facsimile receivers. antenna, tuning fidelity. the it. about warm luke than more much not to to be bring a rather problem. difficult TELEVISION was which fed signal. viewed primitive was really until tube find men a like which electrical the image. Of an and place Zworykin, could signal. an convert This 26 in course, use. RCA a really transmitted This receiver. a the synchronous definition didn't of things scheme physicist, visual made which Television practical the in the holes much of not at source through was signal This light another producing disc a to was later TV the produced and by subject cells sensitive 1light viewed the illuminated light of spots scanning These source. light powerful a from projected was light which through it in cut holes with disk revolving a utilized television in pioneers first The image possible developed into the an so- IRA KAAR #1 called picture influential really in did picture made tube this the era first tube. our television. was Another Philo development Putting American these who was Farnsworth who of two the receiving elements broadcasting together system with one exception. THEENNTUSEE. A set of television 1is The really receiver must transmission but of standards particular vice president of major radio being to this which Minutes of system. committee, and of with the I requiring And so Dr. set There was 6 2, was from the its job for standards of an panels several were the This country; are Baker, called be chairman meetings a intercompany to of its boss, Walter the panel coordination. receiver/transmitter Panel my an the of single a systems representatives engineering upon different Committee". System of nothing each was type be of which the would Electric, formation because proposition. with had country, television dealt we manufacturers agree developed there receiver. committee with organized of the Television "National if General the standardizing American type be compatible Certainly across own to "lock-and-key" resulting television conceived a be used. confusion had in the Marriott IRA KAAR #1 Library with my other master committee labored for set of was that own pet which and were largely or Ike, of main competitor had some brilliant had some very Laboratories. Loughlen, Loughren the two had important manufacturing no had which contributor engineers bright Hazeltine very come fine from or the proposals @ ‘set the ‘of Federal began the U.S.A. that at time? They RCA. was in their many freely; Another facilities the of but Hazeltine and Loughren high frequency engineers. General Electric. Another contributors 28 was Arthur had three Electric. General from come had in engineers that acknowledged proved standards the Electric and the Thus competitors General of the to in its part " Finally, adopted. a of the of of existing be Therefore, physicists we and a to formation the Baker several submitted the to had had and of problems become television of some and formation demonstrating were The them in Commission were organization out. the black-and-white who to lcontributors. evolved, Communications many either in the company wanted consumed Ehelivariious in the proved utilized standards era it which experimentally years of panels chairmanship years contributing ideas more One These the three standards. standards oS under perhaps each papers. was the Allen of Dumont IRA KAAR #1 Laboratories in engineer named deal the in tube. Goldsmith. were a number development of on life came WAR the abandoned. During Company its many, many which was the a device takes object antennae were Armed used the for be the war, SiChilcadgo NTSC. who There did and that readily azimuth some I the most use of a recollect 29 of Radar a time the distance story and with it be the directive These I to to departments that is radio- that object many a important to determined. was in signal and use engaged radar. the on Electric the calculated in war was reach be for of the development division and fact across General time, can a the measuring to was and transmitting successfully Forces. the devices perhaps signal Knowing can great picture din' customers War development the returned. by electronics object for a laboratories. television except projects, reflecting on fine YEARS World everything simply smaller companies purchased practically in did instance, smaller very details. being country, a cathode-ray members black-and-white and the other had had laboratory for they THE When This several and They of laboratories, contributed, were Jersey. development There Zenith New heard radars of the that, IRA KAAR #1 in of location, speed, and aircraft. It was also friendly aircraft, remember dollars biggest single actively of happened a ships in wartime for this in the observed infrared be could system. light The performance Another clever aircraft enemy was could perfectly development aid navigational to within a COIOR not This listen to was it, a secret and its a very satisfactory. was that of "Loran", 1locating for thousand feet TELEVISION 30 using another to ship in was silence scheme a advantage. great to used used be not radio one I which in communicating could from transmitted was manufacture and But ever had Electric for area. combat the was that device because purpose 40 of order an General Radio harbor. I enemy. the and was enemy of Electric Another the identifying of means development the dark the in flight devices, decks their detecting in received interested between and versus time. that be to see General devices. these all a as used these in on of direction order engaged land used also were Japanese the even "IFF", for to up to department my that million received began was Radar midnight. Sea, couldn't they source a from Coral shells when confounded the of Battle the or so. a ship or IRA KAAR #1 somebody owned a able to be still to the known seemed of a "back transmission of extravagant, and the three three and' elements elements “the ' of of color color reconstructed are at sent, the the a color receiver. 3t signal. This be Well, it for simply was for three picture is a the the little sending porch". "back brightness, those When saturation. information are this on to came devised was scheme a so spot signal synchronizing a scanning what porch" "back that using that the the block signal but returns the on porch" way: this the block, occupies raster the top as which signal synchronizing the square a 1like somewhat looks on color transmitted, is signal television a When The explained be can that and porch", "back Electric. the putting as known be to came idea General and Laboratories Hazeltine RCA, concerns: three by jointly developed this was doing for scheme A System. "Compatible" the called was This transmitted. being was picture color a though even picture black-and-white a receive must he receiver, black-and-white if say, to is That system. black-and-white the with compatible be to had system new the because challenge a quite was This color. transmit could which system television a for arose demand the war, the After the The hue, bits of can be type of IRA KAAR #1 signal which adopted by prior system in the punch of years. had of great assistance were system the called is couple adopted and not adopted system a time this systems a had who France to countries the of PAL used two of of throughout over friends. A whom I conference in highly in were of were NTSC the own, and Finally, I which subsequent and changed remember. SECAM. the except system countries the and was holdouts. the their of system 32 the system color NTSC convincing in at gentlemen These the Switzerland from one appeared compatible the favor all and good very from I it. called several trip, CCIR. the of Geneva '38 my on met men these of signal to couple a by television they think made and 1938 in couple I Palace, Alexandria had us beat They their NTSC the British the it. using try to black-and- the States, transmitted They This radio was use to of adoption is which Radio". job my compatriots black-and-white on CCIR and world, were and the standardizing of United the by International the to system a developed there the State the Europe of meeting a European Now to was It system. NTSC mission the our convert white sent throughout emissions system. was I Consultatif has committee the attend to "Committee the called FCC. the Department to is world, So the but They NTSC IRl IRA KAAR #1 say, the major After the war might at on a with favored was over, He half what wondering was to how gave or get back much it me a he could into the do to clock's synchronous the frequency of millions since now, build a a think it was like that, and I the the and them. He war was the Warren dollar jokingly motor of business. I 33 Warren the of sit to a consumer cost would price. something made Company Lynn, happened successful highly was It Telechron Warren to I device. electric of use the was I West from a be and a I well to ought such This clock. night, pretty morning, to so and day inventor the was waking well very clenched, and proportional current. mains him was were train a on upon based speed whose of electric Telechron success revelation who Warren Mr. with the Bridgeport, to Massachusetts people there in up down riding remember war, that me to waking of way better the nerves were our and seemed It shattered. and years, for worked effort, war the design fists my with had Everyone speak. the remember can I morning the in up of years end; nerves' their Our products. later the During history. to reverted consumer of manufacture of matter a became it Bridgeport at plant countries. I asked motor. and replied a IRA KAAR #1 good pretty He had produced, it stations. The second we year antenna inside the cabinet And I three two or four million years. HOFFMAN 34 think of end idea the so our those it receiver. a not on dial off order the when took the was change to "hank" the of that immediate an was set self-contained. first primitive a was of and argument the won finally it on knob a put to ought rear radio a making were we the the that like didn't sales at of clock, alarm an be knob frequency and transmitter, to since thought the tuning at control to setting for no but antenna radio tiny a a was it decided we my with over this developed boys the screwdriver a of manager loop and "hank" was This it. Our home, broadcasting local of got a receiver the talked so was There I idea, with receiver music?" I when associates all." to up wake and clock alarm radio a have and devise could we receiver radio of form cheapest the in clock Telechron a put not "Why think, to happened I journey the during on later Then receivers. radio model table our of one of price the to close pretty getting that's that receiver, we stations. He was receiver changing for In success. antenna the much. very and whole the a put device company made receivers in in the IRA KAAR #1 The years wore getting colder children had we go would NEmNeane S back tel and do. build to had operation. ten Hoffman ever money the me research laboratory down the Santa president of Hoffman my job was which I by first lived in and to and Barbara area. I 35 because would have of to painstakingly big supporet that Angeles that whether to set president. s only Hoffman such an one out about in a money, research saleable project, but was adamant and He and finally found I it. staffing Coast Los to vice he locating of Jjob West the of nevertheless. assigned and name man as a So the a started in a about him resulted that talking enough projects decided as analysts, to two 'took decided was be Our California. engineering he to Jeb' I doubts the in laboratory. explained of cost years big we department Mr. that was I and of ~grave laboratory they the security Les so I with job research Electronics of four the a I For us, ‘and was seemed Syracuse. birthplace engineering time of explained and who this that pressure my president the filled During left Corporation, reorganize té and winters in caltifornia;® Hoffman about the year to vice Electronics and every married engineering "Les" on a was site building a searched up impressed by there which IRA KAAR #1 overlooked ocean at spot; the hill. I for right only did side a air had a The had do can is as in laboratory having a thing the looked Barbara. move as you're why lab, company you laboratory I years. at Syracuse rather large me with Santa following, 36 modern. which and we I that contract my Barbara. He in the be your continue I I had that wife Well, and later that accepted. We that I had director of the people the place laboratory, that brought to the to you please." sold that was Hoffman going don't in aparatus Santa to to far of expiration the we there. on pool, told I which the and good "I'm the Hoffman my with a over strictly Mr. of said, out large was with top hill," swimming it decided whatever prior a the laboratory where and the the the desirable he courtyard had long was fine each a very and of very was the with the staffed known men going with town offer the Santa "Well, association you a contract was I because same top exercise to wanted said, the had to move would off overlooked a it Hoffman fellows I and that laboratory four-year was Les conditioned, expired, was and to center big side This built for installed. was it and the was one angles. take offices In on drawback We'll finally city. city showed it. The the Barbara, brought and several he, of IRA KAAR #1 his own men along well-staffed, was in several old years one of a to do the and anything laboratory schemes never my that had ventures silicon during rays which eye, and have I I especially my my such as Walter of to a of high a with SERA to know Swope, Vice high I dug out on for to in ever of ions a vacuum. a blast retina end of of on An of my X right since. I have my tale, Electric work with my many of Alexanderson, the alternator. In addition the 1literally hundreds of fine, to high was men Langmuire, developer developer frequency it company; Dushman high career, famous Coolidge, Saul before where Irving tube; tube; but enjoyed President; vacuum work Unfortunately, in President X-ray Ernst Barbara, the General and I SERA that at of Since started implanting this the say vacuum fame; vacuum me Girard inventor part a I opportunity. the had after wanted resulted to Baker, had work years privilege Santa this lived want wanted voltage a finally organization. high brings close, I we by QUE This in the destroyed I and I involved wafer accident him, smoothly-running allowed working with of of these high the were caliber associates. And now, to crown all 317 of these experiences, came IRA KAAR #1 the day been when elected should have Fish. I being was to states. received I the Hall I tale, I [END OF and thank of the I two had others Plumb and Mr. in to o0ld Institute the them top 14 the three and war. matters. Library Marriott I in for patents personal all, and Institute licensed I of Electrical during on of associates. of was years my accumulated in the American I further resume I with to was elected length of this stumble upon Fame. to read you, INTERVIEW. it, reader hapless the I rambling the for apologize and years then And the Commendation a But I broadcasting from in and dwell is papers. my Navy won't there think TIs the honors Science. my that over 1Institute Engineers, During of fortunate the of say Dr. idea fellowship Advancement Fame. award, many Engineers, Electronic the of to machinery. very object me of the the been elected Radio Hall this built have the the called conceived just I to Tim, shared They Utah; it you, extend my who may sympathy. Ike. THE TWO TAPES 38 WERE COMBINED BY MR. KAAR]