Analysis of the impact of the proposed Canyonlands National Park on the economy of the surrounding area: section 2

Second section of a preliminary typescript report prepared by Robert R. Edminster, Associate Professor in the University of Utah's Department of Economics, and Osmond L. Harline, Director of the university's Bureau of Economic and Business Research, dated January 23, 1962. Includes tables and maps. Section Two has title: The economy of the region.

/ SECTION 2. THE ECONO MY OF THE REGION The major portion of the proposed national park is located in San Juan County, Utah. Count ies. Additional portions lie in Emery, Wayne, and Grand The park as presently proposed consists of about 340,000 acres, roughly 30 miles long from north to south, 20 miles across at its widest portion and 10 miles at its narrowest, and is more or less centered on the confluence of the Green and Colorado Rivers. The nearest concentrations of population and the area which would probably be most directly affected by the establishment of the park are the towns of Moab in Grand County, Utah and Monticello in San Juan County, Utah. There are adjacent counties, however; which would also feel the impact. These are Dolores and Montezuma in Colorado; San Juan in New Mexico; and Apache and Navajo in Arizona. Population Trends and Characteristics Approximately 161,000 people live in the nine-county area, with 68,000 living in the two-county Arizona portion, 53,000 in the one county in New Mexico, 23, 000 in the four-county region in Utah and 16,000 in the two( county Colorado area. Included in the above population figures is an Indian population of 60,000, with 42,000 living in the two Artzonacounties ; 14,000 in San Juan County, New Mexico; 3, 000 in the Utah counties (primarily San Juan) and 1,000 in the two Colorado counties. BUREAU bfr "ONOMIC AND IUIINESS RE.t:Rct4 oii:i:tllty 0' U1'AH (4) The trend of population since the establishment of the counties in the 1880-1890 period is shown in the three accompanying tables (see Table 2-1, 2-2 and 2-3) which show population, per cent changes and in-and out-migration for each county. A few general observations can be made. During the early decades, the counties generally experienced rapid growth rates. Since .the population was small, however, the large percentage increases did not " . represent large numbers of people. For the most part the growth rates slowed during the 1920 to 1950 period. was an actual loss of population. an absolute decline In the case of some counties there Even in those counties which did not have in population, the population increases were small. In fact for all the counties, except the two Arizona counties, there was a net \ out-migration during the 1940's. Significant mineral developments occurred in the were 1950's of which more will be said later. But four of the nine counties bypassed by the economic impact of the new minerals so that a net out-" migration during the decade of the sots occurred in Emery and Wayne counties in Utah, Apache in Arizona, and Dolores in Colorado. Economic Development of Area The economic development of the region can be divided into three rather distinctive periods. In the second .period, During the first period colonization took place. agriculture was the most important economic activity. This was followed by the third period when extensive mineral discoveries were made, which supplemented agriculture as the principal, basic industry \ BUREAU 01' EC:ONOMIC AND BUSINESS RESEARCH UNIVERSITY 0'" UTA" (5) of the region. Tables 2-4 through 2- 4 present detailed employment statistics for 1940. 1950 and 1960 for each county as well as the total for the nine-county. four corners' area and the four-county. Utah area. Period of Colonization Colonization of portions of the area was attempted early. a For example, party of white men ·tried to establish a settlement at the present site of Moab in the summer of 1855. but after three months, retreated because of Indian raids to the valleys west of the Wasatch Mountains from whence they came. By and large further attempts to establish permanent settlements were not made until the 1870's. In 1880-81 construction of the Denver and Rio Grande was pushed through the northern part of the region. Cattle Raising Dominates Economic Activity in Second Period As settlements developed, the major economic activity was cattle raising together with the growing of specialized crops in some areas. Small orchard fruits, especially peaches, were harvested in the Moab area and pinto beans, grown on dry farm land in the Monticello, Utah -Cortez. Colorado area became important after World War I. As late as 1950 the major industry of the region was agriculture which employed 38 per cent of the workers of the nine-county area. Ten years earlier in 1940 almost . - half of all employment, 48 per cent, was accounted for by agriculture. MaJ 01': Ece.n.omic. Charumsi.Qccurreg. in Thi.E9 Priod .. Durin the decade of the 1950' S. important changes occurred in the economic structure of the region. Briefly summarized (1) agriculture declined BUREAU 01' ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS RESEARCH UNIVERSITY 0 .. U1'AH (6) in relative importance, (2) mining and. processing of ores expanded, (3) roads, processing plants, and homes wereneeded and reclamation as new projects were authorized, the construction industry expanded and (4) the trade and service industries expanded more than local growth would warrant as tourism in the area developed. ment statistics These trends are evident from the employ- for the area and from other information sources. For example, the number of people employed in agriculture dropped 73 per cent from 11,800 to 3,200 between as in 1950, Instead of furnishing 38 per cent of all jobs agricultural employment accounted for only 8 per cent of total Most of this employment decrease was due to increased employment. , 1950 and 1960. productivity in agriculture, although the production of some crops declined as residents shifted to higher paying jobs. The mining and processing of uranium ores expanded, rapidly during the early 50' s . For example at the beginning of the decade there were only 14 active mines (vanadium, uranium, and copper) in Grand and San Juan Counties, Utah employing a total of 198 persons; only one mill existed, the United States' vanadium -uranium mill at Monticello. In 1960 there were 1, 700 persons employed in mining in these two counties and two uranium mills were operating. For the nine-county area mining employment expanded '\ from 516 in 1940 to almost 1,400 in 1950 and to 5, to the two uranium mills in the Utah counties was one 20 by 1960. In addition o Grand and San Juan, there in San Juan County, New Mexico, and almost a dozen in neighboring counties. BUREAU or: ECONOMIC AND flusrMEBS RESEARCH UNIVERSITY OF UTAH (7) The other important mineral development during this period was the discovery of petroleum in the four corners area, "with production concentrated in the northwest corner of New Mexico and the southeastern section of Utah. Production in these two areas climbed from virtually nothing to approximately 40 million barrels a year during the decade, and natural gas production expanded proportionately. The other important development was the substantial increase in tourist visits to the area. While the total number of tourists coming to the region is not available, visits to the National Parks are. . Visits to the Parks and Monuments 'in Southern Utah, Northern Arizona and Southeastern Colorado registered increases in the immediate post-war period. The most marked increases occurred, however, in the years after 1953. For example, atterr- dance at Arches National Monument rose 132 per cent; at Mesa Verde National Park by 66 per cent; and at Zion National Park by 48 per cent between 1953 and 1960. As a result of these basic economic changes in the region, in secondary industries also expanded. ,For example, employment employment in construction climbed from 1,100 to almost 5,000; persons employed in retail trade grew from 1,800 to 5,800, and in Detailed per,sonal services from 1,250 to 4,250. sttistic's for each of the three census dates showing employ- ment in the major industries are presented for the nine .... county four corner's area, for the four-county Utah area in Tables '2-4 and 2-5, and for each of . the nine counties in Tables 2-6 to 2-14. aUItEAU 0" ECONOMIC AND aUSINESS RESEARCH UNIVElts.n 0' UTAH 8 Interrelation of Industries of the Area as Shown by Input-Output Analysis In this section of the report the economies of the nine .counties in the - four-corner's area have been studied by examining (1) population changes and (2) the composition, and changes in the composition, of employment in major .. industries of the area. Another approach designed to determine more exactly the interdependence of the various sectors of the economy of an area is the SO" called input-output analysis. Such an input-output table has been constructed for the Grand-San Juan County area in Utah. Ideally to obtain the data needed for such an analysis a rather detailed survey of the sales and purchases of firms operating i the area would have to be made. Since such a procedure is a time-consuming and expensive task, slightly different procedure was followed. were a Statistics from secondary sources first obtained such as those published in the Censuses of Agriculture, BUSiness, Trade, and the Mineral Industries. In addition, information on' inter-industry relationship was available for certain counties in Wyoming where detailed surveys had been made. The economies of the two areas are roughly similar." It was therefore possible to construct the input- output table shown ". as Table 2.15 and 2.16 by using (1) the available data on Grand and San Juan Counties and (2) the ratios of sales and purchases between industries in Wyoming and (3) by making adjustments in these ratios to fit the Utah situation. Table 2.15 shows as closely as can be estimated what each major industry group purchases from every' other industry, or to state it somewhat differently, how the output of each sector is distributed to every other sector. BUREAU 0,. ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS RESEARCH UNIVERSITY OF UTAH 9 The columns of the table present the purchases by a given sector from every other sector, and the rows present-the sales of a given sector to every other sector. From a closer examination of Table 2. 15 it can be perceived that every sale is at the same time a purchase+-for example, the sale of products valued at $375,000 by the manufacturing sector represents a purchase by the retail trade sector of 375, 000 (as recorded in Row 3, Column 6). The first 13 columns and the first 13 rows are considered endogenous to the system, i. e. concerned with activity within the area. Columns' 14-16 and rows 14 and 15 are considered activities occurring because of a stimulus from outside the region. The gross output of all sectors less sales to all other sectors within the region equals the demands for the grss output of the respective sectors originating outside the region. Table 2.16 is derived from Table 2.15. examining any column. This can be illustrated by For example, the sixth column of Table 2.15 lists in order the inputs of each sector of the region into the Retail Trade Industry. At the bottom of the column is recorded the total value of output of the Retail Trade Industry. r If we divide this total into the inputs listed above it, we the cents' worth of each input used per dollar output of the Retail Trade For example, obtain Industry .. dividing the total output ($13,605, 000) into'tol purchases ($375,000) from the manufacturing sector we obtain the figure .027563 which means that retailing in the area purchased from manufacturing or used as inputs from manufacturing 2.76 cents per dollar of output. The same methodology--applied BUREAU 0" Ec::ONOMIC AND BUSINESS RESEARCH UNIVERSITY 01" UTAH 9a to each other input listed in Column 6--will produce the cents' worth of inputs required from each sector which is needed to produce one dollar of output by the Retail Trade sector. A similar procedure can be applied to every figure in every column of Table 2.15. In this manner Table 2.16 is obtained which records the cents' worth of each input per dollar output of every industry in the Grand San juan region. - The tables can be of great ,assistance in analyzing the relative importance of the various industries. For example, column 15 of Table 2.15, headed "exports," illustrates how important sales to customers outside the region are to each industry sector. Column 16 contains estimates of how significant dollar sales are to travelers from other areas. In the Grand-Sanjuan area it was estimated that sales to travelers amounted to 2.5 million dollars. This figure will be referred to .again in Section 4. In like manner the importance of purchases from outside the Grand- San Juan region can be observed by referring to row IS titled "imports." it is noted that 36 per cent ($117,867 out of a total of $323, 146) of all When purchases and sales originate outside the area, the importance of external demand and . supply to the Grand-San juan Area can be realized. Further, it can be observed that dominant within the area at the present time is the minerals a total industry with output approximately one-third the size of the gross' regional output. Since the primary interest is in income generation, it is worth noting .that the table provides an estimate of the wages paid by the various sectors in order to produce a given output. Thus, although the minerals industry pays a BUREAU OF ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS RESEARCH UNIVERSITY OF UTAH 9b larger absolute sum in wages, the Services and Retail trade sector, 'for example, .pay a larger proportion in wages per dollar of output than does the minerals industry (Table 2.16, Row 12, Columns 2, 6,' and 7). , The- expenditures- income multiplier will be referred to in somewhat 'more detail in Section 4. Inasmuch as the input-output table presents a substantial amount of economic data only a few examples could be mentioned in the space available. The reader will no doubt find other items of interest contained within the table. In so doing the warning that these figures should be regarded as rough estimates must again be made. ". BUREAU 01' ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS RESEARCH UNIVERSITY Oil' UTAH . s' J' TABLE 2-1 POPULA TION OF NINE COUNTY, FOUR CORNERS AREA» 1880 to 1960 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 Grand 541 San Juan 204 365 Emery Wayne 556 5,076 1,149 1,023 4,657 1,907 1,595 2,377 6,750 1,749 .),808 3,379 7,411 2,070 4,712 7,072 2,394 1,903 5,315 6,304 2,097 1,813 3,496 7,042 2,067 2,205 6,-345 9,040 5,546 1,728 State and County 1880 Utah Total, Four Utah 760 5,982 8,736 12,471 14,695 14,418 16,248 15,727 22,659 5,283 4,281 8,297 13,196 16,077 17 ,765 24,095 27,767 30,438 8,829 9,196 11,471 21,202 25,309 29,446 37,994 1,890 4,828 8,504 8,333 14,701 17 ,115 18,292 53,306 Dolores 1,498 642 1,958 1,966 2,196 1,529 5,029 1,243 6,260 1,412 Montezuma 1,134 3,058 7,798 10,463 9,991 14,024 5,283 9,198 26,146 34,842 45,109 62,878 78,940 87,462 137,958 6,043 15,180 34,882 47 ,313 59,804 77,296 95,188 1C)3,189 160,617 Counties Arizona Apache Navajo New Mexico San Juan Colorado Total, Five Counties Total , Nine Counties in Region Source: U 0 S. Bureau of the Census TABLE .2..,.2 PER CENT CHANGE IN POPULATION OF NINE COUNTI, FOUR CORNERS'.AREA, EACH DECADE, 1880 to 1960 1880- State and County 1890 18901900 (a) 19101920 19001910 19301940 19201930 19401950 1950-1960 8.1 +233.4 Utah Grand +112.4 + 38.8 + 13.4 + 0.3 + 14.2 San Juan + 78.9 +180.3 +132.4 + 42.2 + 3.5 + 34.8 Emery +813.0 8.3 44.9 + 9.8 5.0 + 0.4 8.3 + 19.9 1.4 + 15.8 42.8 + 17.8 1.9 + 12.7 + Wayne + (a) - + - - 12.8 10.9 7.9 + - - 70.1 12.0 21. 6 Total, Four Utah Counties +787.1 46.0 + + 93.8 + 10.8 + 4.3.5 + 34.6 (a) + 39.9 + 40.1 + 31.9 + 35.6 19.4 +155.5 + 76.1 2.0 + 76.4 + + 3.2 + + 15.2 + 9.6 + 16.3 + 29.0 16.4 + 6.9 +191.4 + 0.4 + H.7 4.5 + 40.4 - 44.1 Arizona Apache Navajo - 19.0 . New Mexico San Juan (a) - Colorado Dolores + 93.6 + 13.6 + 38.7 + 64.5 + 24.5 + 24.6 + 34.2 +184.3 + 33.3 + 29.5 + 39.4 + 25.6 + 10.8 + 57.7 +129.8 + 35.6 + 26.4 + 29.3 + 23.2 + 8.4 + 55.7 +100.0 74.1 +151.2 Montezuma Total, Five Counties 24.3 43.4 .,. (a) (a) + - - Total, Nine Counties in Region a Source: Increas e from zero. U. S. Bureau of the Census TABLE 2-3 NET MIGRATION NINE COUNTY" FOUR CORNERS AREA, 1940 to 1960 1950 to 1960 1940 to 1950 Excess of State and County Births Changes and in Deaths Per Cent Excess of of Births Changes 1940 and in Population Deaths Net Populanons Migration PerCent of Net 1950 PopuLations Migration Population Utah Grand 344 San Juan 735 Emery Wayne 978 Total, Four Utah Counties + - 167 511 603 132 768 -1,746 - - - 24.7 +4,442 +3,725 +3,334 +1,689 758 -1,779 24.7 1,108 2,036 1,021 29.8 432 19. 1 4,597 +6,932 +2,335 -5,629 28.9 - 524 189 2,581 -1,045 -3,102 2,638 3,979 +3,672 +4,137 +1,034 + 4.3 8,30,0 158 + 0.6 8,214 +2,67 I +8,548 1,938 +1,177 4.4 10,096 +35,014 19.9 652 18.7 2,480 -t4,033 2.4 29,742 5.3 34,339 - 713 - - - 477 - 909 +175.2 + 31. 8 - - + 28.2 41.2 14.9 Arizona Apache Navajo + + 334 - + 20.3 1.1 New Mexico San Juan - 761 - +24,918 +136.2 Colorado Dolores 397 + 8 389 472 -1,954 Montezuma 1,482 Total, Five Counties 10,434 +8,522 -1,912 13,015 +7,477 -5,014 - - - - + 230 - 422 - 21.5 +I553 + 15.5 +50,496 +20,754 + 23.7 +57,428 +23,089 + 22.4 Total, Nine Counties in Region Source: U. S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare; U. Sa Bureau of the Census. TABLE 2-4 NUMBER OF PER,SONS EMPLOYED, MAJOR INDUSTRY GROUPS NINE-COUNTY, FOUR CORNERS' AREA 1940, 1950, and 1960 Number of Persons Per Cent of Total a Per Cent Total Labor Forct Unemployed Employed Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing Mining Chagg;e , :x:s;Q; 194 19 0 1950 to 1960 1940 1950 1960 1940 1950 1960 32,797 4,632 28,165 32, 787 1,430 31,357 45,465 3,905 41,560 100.0 100.0 100.0 14.1 4.4 8.6 85.9 6.6 91.4 13,622 11,806 1,364 1,734 3,927 48.4 37.6 7.7 2.0 4.4 12.5 +819 +282 +349 +183 to 39 + 16 +173 + 48 + 33 + - 39 3,276 1,555 2,138 2,504 Communication and Utilities 204 660 3,186 5,204 4,908 3,329 1,200 1,259 2,723 1,832 Wholesale Trade 143 297 933 05 1.0 2.2 +552 +214 1,827 2,994 5, 796 6.5 9.6 13.9 +217 + 92 204 819 .3 .6 2.0 +790 +3-01 1,249 2,430 1,382 4,238 3,223 4.4 7.8 10.2 +239 + 74 c 4.4 708 c +133 407 1, 762 605 1.3 402 5 +333 Construction Manufacturing Durable Non -durable Transportation Retail Trade 566 1,093 4, 736 1,460 1, 789 - 77 - 73 309 5.5 11.8 16.8 12.5 8.0 5.2 507 2.9 11.6 6.8 3.0 5.5 8.0 6.6 + 75 '+ 07 2.1 7.4 +798 +178 - - - 30 18 62 - - - 15 33 41 9 94 Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate Personal Services Educational Services Professional Services c 1,845 TABLE 2-4(Continued) Number of Persons Per Cent Total a Per Cent Change 1940 1950 1940 1950 1960 1940 1950 Public Adm inistration 945 1,122 306 Sol +123 + 88 288 526 2,109 1,498 304 Industry not Reported LO L7 306 1420 +185 aEmployed and unemployed are stated as a per cent of total labor force a per cent of total employed 0 1960 to 1960 to 1960 The major industry groups are stated as 0 bUnemployed in 1940 includes those persons working on public works projects. cPersons employed in educational services not reported separately for counties in 1940 Census but included under professional services Source: 0 U. S. Bureau of the Census. TABLE 2-5 NUMBER OF PERSONS EMPLOYED, FOUR-COUNTY MAJOR INDUSTRY GROUPS UTAH AREA 1940, 1950, and 1960 Number of Persons Per Cent of Total a Per Cent Change 1940 Total Labor Forct Unemployed Employed 1950 1940 1950 1960 1940 1950 1960 5, ll5 1,092 5,232 7,389 100.0 10000 100.0 216 354 21.3 4.1 4.8 4,023 5,016 7,035 78.7 95.9 95.2 2,257 2,096 955 56.1 41.8 13.6 244 720 2,085 6.1 14.4 29.6 +755 +190 +123 to + - + 1960 to 1960 44 + 41 68 + 64 75 + 40 Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing Mining - 58 Construction 196 246 548 4.9 5.0 7.8 +180 Manufacturing 203 229 207 5.1 4.6 2.9 + Durable 19 40 74 .5 .8 1.0 +289 Non -durable 2 - - + 55 10 85 184 189 133 4.6 3.8 1.9 Transportation 191 258 344 4.7 5.1 4.9 + 80 + 33 Communication and Utilities 36 77 159 .9 1.5 202 +342 +106 Wholesale Trade 10 28 92 .2 .6 1.3 +820 [phone] 6.4 8.2 11.6 +218 + Estate 9 20 91 .2 .4 1.3 +9ll +355 Personal Services 193 373 577 4.8 7.4 8.2 +199 + 55 262 521 5.2 7.4 + 99 31 ll7 06 1.7 Retail Trade - 28 - 30 97 Finance, Insurance, and Real Educational Services Professional Services 274 6.8 - 57 +277 TABLE 2-5(Continued) Per Cent of Totala Number of Persons Per Cent Change 1940 1950 1940 1950 1960 1940 1950 Public Administration 131 183 -345 3.2 3.6 5.0 +163 + Industry 23 79 180 .6 106 2.5 +683 +128 not Reported aEmployed and unemployed as a per cent of total are stated as a per cent of total labor force employed U. S. Bureau of the Census. on to 1960 to 1960 89 The major industry groups are stated 0 bUnemployed in 1940 includes those persons working Source: 0 1960 public works projects. TABLE 2-6 NUIvIBER OF PERSONS EMPLOYED, MAJOR INDUSTRY GROUPS APACHE COUNTY, ARIZONA 1940, 1950, and 1960 Per Cent Change Per Cent of Totala Number of Persons 1940 1950 1940 1950 1960 1940 1950 1960 Total Labor Force 9,075 8,844 6,878 100.0 100.0 100.0 Unemployed-' 897 333 957 9.9 3.8 13,,9 8,178 8,511 5,921 90.1 96,,2 86.1 3,693 3,655 433 44.8 43.0 7.3 35 169 223 04 2.0 3,,8 +537 + 32 252 357 924 3.1 4.2 15.6 +267 +159 2,656 1,010 1,646 1,932 919 870 22" 7 11.2 15.5 950 32.5 12.4 14.7 982 49 20.1 Il.5 .8 Transportation 94 485 161 1.1 5.7 2.7 + 71 Communication and Utilities 27 112 171 .3 -2.9 +533 + 53 1 1.3 02 .4 +175 + 303 5.4 1002 +121 + 32 1 EmpLoyed Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing Mining Cons truction Manufac tur ing Durable Non -durabLe Wholesale Trade Retail Trade 8 IS 22 273 456 603 o 1960 to 24 - + - - - - - 7 28 88 65 to - 22 +187 - - - 14 97 1960 30 88 52 8 - - 95 67 47 Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate 4 7 48 .8 +1,100 +586 Personal Services 220 498 664 2.7 5.8 11. 2 +202 + 33 EducationaL Services (c) 310 624 (c) 10.5 571 (c) +101 Professional Services 134 436 7.0 3.6 1.6 24 +225 . 1 o 7.4 = TABLE 2-6 (Continued) Per Cent Change Number of Persons 1940 1950 PubL ic Admini srratron 281 Industry not Reported 94 Per Cent of Total a 1940 1960 1940 1950 1960 240 397 3.4 141 296 1.2 2.8 1.6 6.7 5.0 to 1960 1950 to 1960 + 41 + +215 +110 65 aEmployed and unemployed are stated as a per cent of total labor force. The major industry groups are stated as a per cent of totaL employed. bUnemployed in 1940 includes those persons working on public works projects. cPersons employed in educationaL services not reported separateL y for counties in 1940 Census but included under professional services. Source: U. S. Bureau of the Census. TABLE 2-7 NUMBER OF PERSONS EMPLOYED, MAJOR INDUSTRY GROUPS NAVAJO COUNTY, ARIZONA 1940, 1950, and 1960 Per Cent of Total a Number of Persons Per Cent Change 1940 1940 1950 1960 1940 1950 1960 Total Labor Force 8,608 9,267 9,484 100.0 100.0 100.0 Unemployedt' 1,115 7,493 458 807 13.0 4.9 8.5 8,809 8,677 87.0 95.1 91.5 3,031 2,504 311 4004 28.4 3.6 22 44 100 .3 .5 1.2 Employed Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing Mining to 1960 1950 to 1960 +10 + 2 28 + 76 - + - 16 90 - - 2 88 +355 +127 +112 Construction 350 469 994 4.7 5.3 11.5 +184 Manufacturing 752 1,412 804 10.0 16.0 9.3 + Durable 247 684 710 3.3 7.8 8.2 +187 Non -durable 505 728 94 6.7 8.2 1.1 1, 152 1,226 1,459 15.4 13.9 16.8 + 27 + 19 79 177 352 1.1 2.0 4.0 +346 + 99 57 96 173 .8 1.1 2.0 +204 + 80 12.2 16.7 +103 + 35 Transportation Communication and Utilities Wholesale Trade Retail Trade - 7 81 - + - 43 4 87 713 1,074 1,449 9.5 Estate 39 66 130 .5 .8 1.5 +233 + Personal Services 414 739 789 5.5 8.4 9.1 + 91 + 7 Educational Services c 385 751 c 4.4 8.6 c + 95 Professional Services 526 120 333 7.0 1.3 3.8 Finance, Insurance, and Real - 37 97 +178 TABLE 2-7 (Continued) Per Cent of Total a Number of Persons Per Cent Change 1940 Public Administration 1940 1950 1960 1940 1950 278 350 490 3.7 A.O 1950 1960 to 1960 5 6 + 76 + 40 + 561 + 269 to 1960 - -. Industry not Reported 82 a 147 542 1.1 1.7 603 Employed and unemployed are stated as a per cent of total labor force. The major industry groups are stated as a per cent of total employed. bUnemployed in 1940 includes those persons working on public works projects. cPersons employed in educational services not reported separately for counties in 1940 Census but included under professional services 0 Source: U 0 So Bureau of the Census. TABLE 2-8 NUMBER OF PERSONS EMPLOYED, MAJOR INDUSTRY GROUPS DOLORES COUNTY, COLORADO 1940, 1950, and 1960 i Per Cent Change Number of Per s ons Per Cent of Totala 1940 1950 1940 1950 1960 1940 1950 1960 to Total Labor Force 638 692 778 Unemployedf 100.0 100.0 28 25 11.6 4.1 100.0 3.2 + 22 74 564 664 753 8804 95.9 96.8 295 278 89 52.3 41.9 1l.8 113 84 112 20.0 12.6 14.9 Construction 18 38 46 3.2 5.7 601 +156 + Manufacturing 25 8 131 4.4 1.2 17.4 +424 +1,538 Durable 19 4 14 3.4 .6 1.9 26 +250 Non -durable 6 4 117 1.0 .6 15.5 +1,850 +2,925 12 21 17 2.1 3.2 2.3 + 42 1 5 21 .2 .7 2.8 +2,000 +320 +180 Employed Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing Mining Transportation Communication and Utilities Wholesale Trade 1960 66 - + 34 70 - + - 1 to 1960 + 12 - + - 11 13 68 + 33 - 21 19 2 5 14 .4 .7 1.9 [phone] 5.3 17.2 8.9 +123 7 8 1.1 1.1 (d) + 14 26 35 45 + 73 + 29 (c) 23 54 5.3 3.4 5.9 Educational Services 7.2 Professional Services 20 6 9 .9 1.2 Retail Trade - 41 Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate Personal Services 4.6 (c) 3.6 (c) - 55 +135 + 50 TABLE 2-8 (Continued) Per Cent Change Number of Persons . Per Cent of Totala 1940 1950 1960 1940 1950 1960 Public Administration 14 33 44 2.5 500 Industry not Reported 8 7 96 1.4 1.1 508 12.7 aEmployed and unemployed as a per cent of total are stated as a per cent of total labor force, on cPersons employed in educational services not reported d professional Increase from zero, services. U 0 1960 +214 +1,100 1950 to 1960 + 33 +1,271 The major industry groups are stated employed. bUnemployed in 1940 includes those persons working Source: 1940 to S. Bureau of the Census 0 public works projects separately for counties in 1940 Census but included under 0 TABLE 2-9 NUMBER OF PERSONS EMPLOYED, MAJOR INDUSTRY GROUPS MONTEZUMA COUNTY, COLORADO 1940, 1950, and 1960 Per Cent Change Number of Persons Per Cent of Total+ 1940 1950 1940 1950 1960 1940 1950 1960 Total Labor Force 3,415 3,290 4,599 100.0 100.0 100.0 Unemployed'? 683 158 316 20.0 408 6.9 2,732 3,132 4,283 80.0 95.2 93.1 1,464 1,333 670 53.6 42.6 15.7 51 44 428 1.9 1.4 10.0 +739 Construction 107 226 347 3.9 7.2 8.1 +224 + 53 Manufacturing 189 125 234 400 24 + 87 Durable "- 5.5 149 68 124 2.2 209 17 + 82 1.8 2.6 +175 + 3.2 3.1 +111 + 33 EmpLoyed AgricuLture, Forestry, and Fishing Mining 1960 to + 35 to 1960 + 40 54 +100 + 57 + 37 - 54 - - 50 [phone] Transportation 63 100 133 6.9 SA 1.5 2.3 Communication and Utilities 24 90 104 .9 2 9 2.4 +333 + WhoLesaLe Trade 30 69 142 1.1 2.2 3.3 +373 [phone] 10.4 12.7 18.7 +183 +102 +109 Non -durable Retail Trade Finance 1 .. + - 93 16 Insurance, and Real Estate 18 45 94 .7 1.4 202 +367 Personal Services 193 355 549 7.0 11.3 (c) 125 219 12.8 5.1 +184 Educational Services Professional Services 165 40 241 (c) 6.0 4.0 1.3 5.6 + 55 (c) + 75 46 +503 + TABLE 2-9(Continued) Per Cent Change Per Cent of TotaLa Number of Persons 1940 1950 1960 1940 1950 1960 Public Administration 102 129 227 3.7 4.1 503 Industry not Reported 43 54 93 1.6 2.2 aEmployed and unemployed are stated as a per cent of total Labor force. as a 1.7 1940 1960 1950 to 1960 +123 + 76 +116 + 72 to The major industry groups are stated per cent of total employed. in 1940 includes those persons working on public works projects. bUnemployed cPersons employed in educational services not reported separately for counties in 1940 Census but included under professional services. Source: U.. So Bureau of Census. TABLE 2-10 NUMBER OF PERSONS EMPLOYED, MAJOR INDUSTRY GROUPS SAN JUAN COUNTY, NEW MEXICO 1940, 1950, and 1960 Number of Persons Per Cent of Total a Per Cent Change 1940 1950 1940 1950 1960 1940 1950 1960 to 1960 to 1960 Total Labor Force 5,946 Unemployed'? 5,462 1000 100.0 + 175 + 199 237 13.0 4.3 8.9 + 88 + 510 5,175 5,225 16,337 1,446 14,891 100.0 771 87.0 95.7 91.1 + 188 + 185 2,914 1,940 728 56.3 37.1 4.9 75 101 303 2.0 5.8 15.2 +2134 + Construction 170 398 3.3 7.6 13.8 +1105 + 415 Manufacturing 911 221 2,256 2,049 1,034 17.6 4.2 6.9 + 14 + 368 Employed Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing Mining Durable 62 645 16 43 278 .3 .8 1.8 [phone] 17.3 3.4 5.1 16 Transportation 43 414 609 .8 7.9 4.1 +1316 + Communication and Utilities 37 199 1,025 .7 3.8 6.9 +2770 Wholesale Trade + 415 36 84 490 .7 1.6 3.3 +1261 + 483 272 539 2,061 5.3 10.3 13.8 + 658 + 282 Non -durable Retail Trade + 547 76 Finance, Insurance, and Real 47 Estate 22 59 448 .4 1.1 3.0 Personal Services +1936 + 659_ 211 430 8.2 10.8 + 732 + 275 c 277 L614 1,054 3.7 c 5.3 7.1 c + 281 289 76 626 5.6 1.5 4.2 117 + 724 Educational Services Professional Services + TABLE 2 -lO(Continued) a Number of Persons Per Cent of Total Per Cent Change 1950 1940 1960 1940 1950 1960 1940 1950 1960 to 1960 to Public Administration 139 187 606 2.7 3.7 4.0 + 336 + 224 Industry not Reported 38 98 291 .7 1.9 2.0 + 666 + aEmployed and unemployed as a per cent of total are stated as a per cent of total labor force. 197 The major industry groups are stated employed. bUnemployed in 1940 includes those persons working on public works projects. cPersons employed in educational services not reported separately for counties in 1940 Census but included under professional services. Source: U. S. Bureau of the Census. TABLE 2-11 NUMBER OF PERSONS EMPLOYED, MAJOR INDUSTRY GROUPS EMERY COUNTY, UTAH 1940, L9,50:. and'.1960 Per Cent Change Per Cent of Total Number of Persons a 1940 1940 1950 1960 1940 1950 1960 Total Labor Force 2,090 2,068 1,844 100.0 100.0 100.0 Unemployedb 610 81 79 29.2 3.9 4.3 1,480 1,987 1,765 70.8 96.1 95.7 807 790 416 54.3 23.6 135 424 382 9 39.8 21.3 Cons truction 73 86 86 4.9 Manufacturing 9 27 62 .6 4.3 1.4 Durable 2 10 15 1 .5 Non -durab le 7 17 47 .5 .9 Transportation 47 70 80 3.2 3.5 Communication and Utilities 10 34 46 ,,7 1. 7 Wholesale Trade 8 18 8 .5 .9 119 164 193 8.1 8.3 10.9 1 6 14 .1 86 123 5.8 .3 6.3 195 20 Employed Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing Mining Retail Trade .. . 1 . 19nO to 12 - 87 - + 19 48 - 1950 to - - - - 1960 11 2 11 47 21.6 + 2 4.9 + 18 0 3.5 +589 +130 .9 +650 + 2.7 +571 +176 4.5 + 70 + 14 2.6 +360 + 35 .5 0 + 62 -10 - + 50 56 18 Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate '1 Personal Services Educational Services (c) 126 124 Professional Services 123 12 (c) 8.3 .8 6:.2 7.0 11.1 .6 1.1 +1,300 + 43 (c) - 84 +133 - + 2 57 + 67 TABLE 2-1l(Continued) Per Cent Change Per Cent of Totala Number of Persons 1940 1950 1940 1950 1960 1940 1950 1960 to 1960 Publ ic Administration 52 73 88 3.5 3.7 500 + 69 + 21 Industry not Reported 10 33 52 .7 1.7 3.0 +420 + 58 aEmployed and unemployed are stated as a per cent of total labor force. as a per cent of total to 1960 The major industry groups are stated employed. bUnemployed in 1940 includes those persons working on public works projects. cPersons employed in educational services not reported separately for counties in 1940 Census but included under professional services. Source: U 0 S. Bureau of the Census. TABLE NUrvlBER OF PERSONS EMPLOYED, 2-12 MAJOR INDUSTRY GROUPS, GRAND COUNTY, UTAH 1940, 1950 and 1960 Per Cent Change Per Cent of Total Number of Persons Total Labor Force b Unemployed Employed a 1940 1940 1950 1960 194'0 1950 1960 757 658 2,428 100.0 100.0 100.0 138 16 119 18.2 2.4 9786 4.9 9501 3.8 42.3 1960 to 1950 1960 to +221 +269 14 +644 +273 +260 - 619 642 2,309 8108 141 154 87 22.8 74 80 977 12.0 2400 12.5 Construction 60 52 83 9.7 8.1 3.6 + 38 Manufacturing 5 6 65 .8 .9 2.8 Durable 1 1 20 .2 1 .9 Non -durable 4 5 45 .6 .8 1.9 +1300 +1,900 +1,125 Transportation 122 46 159 19.7 7.2 6.9 + 30 [phone] 2.6 3.9 3.3 +375 +204 6 32 (d) .9 1.4 (d) [phone] 9.0 14.6 12.6 +420 +210 Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Mining Communication and Utilities Wholesale Trade Retai l Trade 56 . 38 - - 44 +1,320, +1,221 + 60 +1,083 +1,900 +800 Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate '5 8 52 .8 103 2.3 +104 [phone] 13.2 1003 +358 +180 Educational Services (c) 26 109 (c) 4.1 4.7 (c) +319 Professional Services 44 6 40 7.1 .9 1.7 9 +567 Personal Services - TABLE 2-12(Continued) Number of Persons Per Cent of Total a Per Cent 1940 1940 1950 1960 1940 1950 1960 Public Administration 41 46 54 606 7.2' 2.3 Industry not Reported 3 8 46 .5 1.2 2.0 aEmployed and unemployed are stated as a per cent of total labor force as a per cent of total 0 1950 1960 to + Change 32 +1533 to 1960 + 17 + 475 The major industry groups are stated as employed. bUnemployed in 1940 includes those persons working public works projects. cPersons employed in educational services not reported separately for counties in 1940 Census but included under professional services. dlncrease from zero. Source: U. S. Bureau of the Census on TABLE 2-13 NUMBER OF PERSONS EMPLOYED MAJOR INDUSTRY GROUPS SAN JUAN COUNTY, UTAH 19407 1950, a,nd 1960 Number of Persons Total Labor Force b Unemployed Employed Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing Mining Per Cent of Total a Per Cent Change 1950 + 41 1940 1950 1960 1940 1950 1960 1,622 1,853 2,616 100.0 100.0 100.0 + 61 _' 29 + 24 + 73 + 42 190 109 135 11. 7 5.9 5.2 1,432 1, 744 2,481 88.3 94.1 94.8 986 768 263 68.9 44.0 10.6 ll.5 28.0 +2482 +248 +790 +389 28 20'0 695 1.9 Construction 39 71 347 2.7 4.1 14.0 Manufacturing 178 174 66 12.4 10.0 2.7 Durable 1940 _ _ 73 63 66 62 + 65 7 17 28 .5 1.0 1.2 171 157 38 11.9 9.0 1.5 Transportation 8 125 105 .6 7.2 4.2 Communication and Utilities 7 11 13 .5 .6 .5 + 86 + 18 Wholesale Trade 1 3 52 .1 .2 2.1 +420'0 [phone] 4.0 63 i i.z +388 +153 1 2 22 .1 .1 .9 +2100 +1000 Non-durable Retail Trade Finance, Insurance, and Real +3.0.0 _ _ 78 +1313 _ _ 76 16 Estate Personal Services 34 135 205 2.3 7.7 8.3 +503 Educational Services c 69 169 c 4.0 6.8 c +145 Professional Services 63 12 52 4.4 .7 2.1 17 +333 _ + 52 TABLE 2 -13(Continued) Per Cent of Total Number of Persons a Per Cent Change 1940 1960 1950 1960 1940 1950 1960 1940 1950 1960 Publ ic Adm inistration 25 34 132 1.7 1.9 503 +428 +288 Industry not Reported 5 30 82 A 1.7 303 +1640 +173 to to . aEmployed and unemployed are stated as a per cent of total labor force as a 0 The major industry groups are stated per cent of total employed in 1940 includes those persons working on public works projects bUnemployed 0 0 cPersons employed in educational services not reported separately for counties in 1940 Census but included under professional services. TABLE 2-14 NUMBER OF PERSONS EMPLOYED, MAJOR INDUSTRY GROUP W ArNE COUNTY , UTAH 1940, 1950, and 1960 Per Cent of Totala Number of Persons Per Cent Change 1940 1940 1950 1960 1940 1950 1960 Total Labor Force 646 653 501 10000 10000 10000 Unemployed'? 154 10 21 2308 L5 4.2 Employed 492 643 480 7602 98.5 95.8 2 323 384 189 6507 59.7 39.4 + 41 7 16 31 1.4 2.5 605 +343 Construction 24 37 32 409 508 607 + 33 Manufacturing 11 22 14 202 3.4 209 + 27 Durable 9 12 11 L8 L9 203 + 22 Non-durable 3 Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing Mining 1960 to - - 22 86 1950 to - 1960 23 +110 - 25 and 2 10 Transpo rtation 14 17 Communication and Utilities 3 7 Wholesale Trade 1 1 24 46 2 - - - - 51 94 14 36 8 .4 L5 06 + 50 209 206 00 -100 -10'0 06 Ll 500 +700 [phone] 52 409 701 1008 +117 + 4 3 .4 .6 06 + 50 21 27 11 403 402 203 Educational Services c 43 48 c 6.7 1000 Professional Services 44 1 5 809 02 LO Retail Trade Finance, Insurance, and Real 24 - - 70 13 25 Estate Personal Services - 48 c - 89 - + 59 12 +400 TABLE 2-14 (Continued) Number of Persons Per Cent of Total a Per Cent Change 1940 1950 1940 1950 1960 1940 1950 1960 Publ ic Administration 13 30 71 2.7 4.7 14.8 -+446 +137 Industry 5 8 1.0 1.2 .0 -100 -100 not Reported aEmployed and unemployed are stated as a a per cent of total labor force. to 1960 to 1960 The major industry groups are stated as per cent of total employed. bUnemployed in 1940 includes those persons working on public works projects cPersons employed in educational services not reported separately for counties in 1940 Census but included under professional services. Source: U. S. Bureau of the Census. 0 TABLE 2-15 INPUTOUTPUT FLOW TABLE FOR THE GRAND-SAN JUAN REGIONa (Thousands of DoLLars) (2) (1) (5) (4) (3) (9 ) (6 ) (7) (8) Retail Service Finance CommuniSales I AgriI> cuLture (1) Agriculture (2) Minerals (3) Manufacturing (4) Transportation (5) Communication and 147 Utilities en (J) en cO ..c: o H ::s P-4 , (6) Retail (7) Services (8) Finance (9) Wholesale (10) Rent (11) Construction (12) Wages (13) Local Government (14) State and Federal Government (15) Imports Minerals Manu- Transpor- cation and facturing tation Utilities Wholesale 225 4,629 375 77 52 3,563 28 18 24 122 651 359 19 227 12 1 83 51 180 164 24 26 97 14 79 13 107 49 143 17 490 6 47 27 46 -54 25 16 43 102 18 39 40 83 58 14 21 112 1,951 23 369 252 2,259 350 17 4 24 4 108 61 31 19 4,764 14,408 3,282 21 3 7 28 24 11 10 218 1,594 514 3,076 1,041 369 384 8 57 153 114 25 13 16 27 77 66 230 40 15 656 4,598 5,963 34 2,591 166 54 55 302 3,933 67,424 296 1,943 1,173 6,736 1,014 856 3,664 105,291 905 4,619 2,355 13,605 2,940 1,373 " Total InEuts aRepresentative figures compiled from the years 1958, 1959 and 1960. TABLE 2-15(Continued) (10) Sales Rent (1) Agriculture (2) Minerals (3) Manufacturing (4-) Transportation (5) Communication and Utilities Q) rn f"Ij ...c:: u H ::s Pol ' (12) Construe- rn (11) tion Wages (13) ·U4) (16) (15) State and Out Local Federal of Govern- Govern- Area Total ment ment Travelers Output Exports 523 375 2,769 100,662 3,664 105,291 78 905 210 396 25 3 217 2 5 199 5 1,743 1 752 4,619 114 93 (6) Retail 94 546 1,078 9,743 (7) Services (8) Finance (9) Wholesale 29 125 i , 105 200 118 85 738 14 53 285 81 113 60 21 838 4 5 509 62 2 8,879 448 1,098 3,348 1,341 1,638 2,979 156 96 294 31 152 3,530 41 9,486 15,262 2,866 5,911 15,545 33p949 5,082 8,852 (10) Rent :l l ) ( Construction 93 12) Wages 13) Local Government 702 2,355 13,605 2,940 1,373 5,963 1,136 15,545 33,949 5,082 (14) State and Federal Government ( 15)Imports Total Inputs _·c 1,136 8,852 117,86.7 115,373 2,500' ','_-: . , / 323,,146 TABLE 2-16 DIRECT INPUTS PER DOLLAR OF OUTPUT FOR THE GRAND-SAN JUAN REGION - (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) Retail Service Finance 016685 0004082 5055782 .032993 .018367 .017480 0019728 0119048 .010197 .020748 0022578 Communi- Agri- Sales culture (1) Agriculture (2) Minerals (3) Manufacturing (4) Transportation (5) Communication and 0040120 Utilities Cll (l) Cll cd ..c: c H ::::1 Pot Minerals Manu- Transpor- cation and facturing tation Utilities 0248619 e 043964 0000731 0014192 0033840 .006550 0027563 .030939 0008068 e 0019890 0077722 .021656 e013230 0014365 .023165 .020807 .010508 .003381 0019890 8010175 .008443 0011465 .006101 0018530 0025414 .. 079887 .016985 0107006 .000161 0004420 .005196 0001699 (6) Retail 0033297 .006183 (7) Services 0004640 0004654 0006630 9011736 0000969 0030568 (8) Finance (9) Wholesale (10) Rent (ll) Construction (12) Wages (13 )Local Government (14) State and Federal .009279 .045246 .023204 .000649 .002972 0166042 0007938 .002058 0707150 0136840 .240884 .345096 .218259 .045306 0031171 .008840 0012340 Government 0014738 .037352 0029834 ( 15)' Im ports .082424 0640341 Total 1.000000 10000000 000728 .010197 .018208 .008163 0008012 .226093 .354082 .,268755 0064968 .008379 .008503 0009468 .016670 .028025 .016906 0013605 0327071 .420657 0498090 .495116 0344899 .010925 0623452 10000000 10000000 10000000 10000000 10000000 10000000 TABLE 2-16(Continued) (9) (10) -(11) (12) (13) Local Sales Con- Wholesale Rent Govern- struction Wages . (1) Agriculture ment --- (2) Minerals (3) Manufacturing ;( 4) Transportation (5) Communication and Utilities (6) Retail CI) Q) CI) m ..s:: o l-c .011046 0013919 '0004360 .013248 0002683 .003522 .009224 0003186 0001677 0013509 .100352 0082747 " .005983 .035124 .008041 .005468 011665 .031753 0042700 .039158 0039355 .002755 .022235 .046655 " 0081866 " 070634 0286989 0032549 0021738 0002386 0024684 0014993 .394365 .137324 0215375 0006176 .008660 .027288 (15) Imports 0110012 .771089 .009778 0610227 .103979 Total 1,,00'0000 10000000 10000000 10000000 (7) Services ;( 8) Finance '(9) Wholesale l11)O) Rent Construction (12) Wages ( 13) Local Government (14) State and Federal Government Source: Table 2-15 .. 064397 0002683 0025528 e 103873 018334 0001351 .004919 ' 0000787 0012200 0263873 --- .008068 0563950 .449558 p' \ 10000000