Surgical Theatre as a 3D Virtual Imaging Real Time Navigation System in Orbito-Cranial Surgery

Neuro-navigation systems provide intraoperative 3-dimensional localization correlated to MRI, CT, and angiographic imaging in the axial, coronal, and sagittal planes. Surface contours or designated anatomic points are registered in 3-dimensional space against a location detector fixed to a head immobilization frame. An infrared registered navigation probe drives localization of the surgical area of interest into X, Y and Z axis reference planes that correspond to axial, coronal, and sagittal neuroimages available on an external monitor. The use of traditional neuro-navigation can be time consuming, labor intensive, and may only offer limited utility in "straightforward" orbital surgery.