Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus Disease Presenting as Opsoclonus-Myoclonus-Ataxia Syndrome

Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome (OMS) is a rare condition which consists of saccadic, multidirectional, rapid, arrhythmic, involuntary eye movements, myoclonus, ataxia, oscillopsia, cognitive disturbances and sleep dysfunction. Annual incidence is about 1 per million individuals worldwide and its pathogenesis is largely unknown. Paraneoplastic etiology is the most common cause identified, but infectious causes must also be considered. There is no specific treatment, but immunosuppressive therapy such as corticosteroids, IVIG, ACTH, cyclophosphamide and rituximab are commonly used.