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NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in National Register Bulletin, How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. NRHP Listed Date: 6/13/2022 1. Name of Property Historic name: Rushmer Building Other names/Site Number: Name of related multiple property listing: Commercial and Industrial Properties of Ogden, Utah, 1845–1975 (Enter “N/A” if property is not part of a multiple property listing) 2. Location Street & number: 2434–2436 Washington Boulevard City or town: Ogden State: Utah Not for Publication: Vicinity: County: Weber 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this ☒ nomination ☐ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property ☒ meets ☐ does not meet the National Register Criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant at the following level(s) of significance: Statewide National X Local Applicable National Register Criteria: A B X C D /SHPO Signature of certifying official/Title Date 5/11/2022 Utah Division of State History/Office of Historic Preservation State or Federal agency/bureau or Tribal Government In my opinion, the property ☐ meets ☐ does not meet the National Register criteria. Signature of commenting official: Date Title: State or Federal Agency/Bureau or Tribal Government 1 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 4. National Park Service Certification I hereby certify that this property is: ☐ Entered in the National Register ☐ Determined eligible for the National Register ☐ Determined not eligible for the National Register ☐ Removed from the National Register ☐ Other (explain): Signature of the Keeper Date of Action 5. Classification Ownership of Property (Check as many boxes as apply) Private Public – Local Public – State Public – Federal ☒ ☐ ☐ ☐ Category of Property (Check only one box) Building(s) District Site Structure Object ☒ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ Number of Resources within Property (Do not include previously listed resources in the couth) Contributing Noncontributing 1 0 Buildings 0 0 Sites 0 0 Structures 0 0 Objects 1 0 Total Number of contributing resources previously listed in the National Register: 2 0 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 6. Function of Use Historic Functions Current Functions (Enter categories from instructions) (Enter categories from instructions) COMMERCE / specialty store = furniture store, jewelry store COMMERCE / professional = artist studio, musician studio COMMERCE / professional = optometrist office SOCIAL / meeting hall 7. Description Architectural Classification Materials (Enter categories from instructions) (Enter categories from instructions) MODERN MOVEMENT / Art Deco Foundation: brick, stone, concrete Walls: brick (structural) Walls: glass / Vitrolite (storefront) Walls: glass / stucco (storefront) Walls: metal / steel 3 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Narrative Description (Describe the historic and current physical appearance and condition of the property. Describe contributing and noncontributing resources if applicable. Begin with a summary paragraph that briefly describes the general characteristics of the property, such as its location, type, style, method of construction, setting, size, and significant features. Indicate whether the property has historic integrity.) SUMMARY PARAGRAPH The Rushmer Building, in Ogden, Weber County, is two-part commercial block constructed in 1901 in Ogden’s central business district on Washington Boulevard. Through two periods of significant alterations, the building is representative of the national trend to modernize older commercial districts: during the Great Depression, with its glass tile storefront, and in the post–World War II era, with its second-story stucco application. The building has been in continual commercial use since its construction. The Rushmer Building was originally constructed in 1901 as a two-part commercial block–type building with Victorian Eclectic stylistic features. The building façade was altered in ca. 1921, 1939, and 1956. The building remains recognizable as a two-part commercial block through its massing, proportions, and spatial relationship with adjacent buildings. The 1939 and 1956 façade alterations remain intact and have become significant in their own right. The alterations are the physical vestiges of the trend to modernize the Washington Boulevard commercial district in Ogden and have gained significance as a rare surviving example of this architectural trend that occurred during the Defense-Based Economy 1929–1953 (Defense) and Decline of the Railroads, Suburbanization, and a Return to Industrialization 1954–1975 (Reindustrialization) periods of the Commercial and Industrial Properties of Ogden, Utah, 1845–1975 Multiple Property Documentation Form. For this reason, the period of significance is 1939 to 1956, during which time the Rushmer Building attained the characteristics that make it significant. The Rushmer Building has not undergone significant exterior alteration since 1956 and retains integrity of location, design, materials, workmanship, and association sufficient to convey its significance within these two contexts. It is therefore eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion C. NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION Building Research indicates the building at 2434–2436 Washington Boulevard was constructed in 1901 by Adam Patterson and David Eccles concurrently with the adjoining Patterson Block to the north (Figures 1–4). 1 Title research and Sanborn Maps of Ogden indicate that Patterson and Eccles purchased a wood-framed saloon at the same address from the estate of James L. Dee in 1901 and constructed the extant brick building by October of the same year (Figure 5 and Figure 6). The street address for the building first appears in the Ogden Standard in 1901 as one of several street numbers for Ogden Furniture and Carpet Company (Ogden Standard 1901). The building has since housed a series of specialty stores and professional offices (Table 1). The building is a two-part commercial block–type building in a row of abutting commercial buildings (see Figure 1). The building has a narrow street frontage that is 22 feet wide and a long interior that is 119 feet deep. The north and south side walls adjoin the neighboring buildings while the west (primary) elevation faces Washington Boulevard, and the east (rear) elevation faces Canal Alley and a parking area in the middle of the block. The foundation is constructed of uncoursed stone ashlar below grade. The 1 Historic images depict similar architectural detailing on the street-facing elevations of the two buildings in the 1920s, and the extant rear elevations have nearly identical gable roofs with central circular vents in the gable ends. 4 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form walls are constructed of load-bearing red brick laid in common bond. As it was originally constructed, the west elevation facing the street exhibited architectural details characteristic of Victorian Eclectic commercial buildings such as patterned brick work, belt courses, and sunburst motifs. Above the west elevation, the roof is flat and hidden behind a parapet that has been truncated from the original parapet and central finial. Midway through the building, the roof transitions to a rear gable visible above the east elevation. The roof is clad in asphalt rolled roofing. 2 Exterior In 1939, the storefront was reconfigured, and the exterior of the first story was clad in Vitrolite glass, characteristic of Art Deco and Moderne storefronts of the 1930s and 1940s (see Figure 2 and Figure 3). Opposing aluminum sash display cases were constructed at the sidewalk on either side of the central entrance to capture the attention of pedestrian consumers in the commercial district. The terrazzo floor was designed to draw consumers into the entrance toward the flanking wood stile and rail doors featuring seven horizontal lites, which lead to two commercial spaces on the first floor. Opposing display cases are adjacent to either entry. The Vitrolite glass initially extended above the storefront emblazoned with the name and symbol of the Rushmer Building. In 1955, a fire occurred and the Vitrolite sign was replaced with the extant two-tone ribbed metal. In 1956, the exterior of the second story was covered with concrete stucco that is incised to simulate rectangular panels. Concurrently, the original window openings were reduced in size, and the original glazing was replaced with the extant sliding aluminum sash windows. The smaller windows provided greater surface area for applied signage at the second story, characteristic of 1950s and 1960s storefronts. When this modification was made, Farr Jewelers occupied the second-story commercial space, and a large “Farr & Co.” sign was affixed to the exterior of the second story (see Figure 4). The east (rear) elevation faces Canal Alley—historically, the location of an irrigation canal—and a parking lot and contains a rear entrance into the second-story store at grade. Historically, the east elevation stood two stories tall above grade. A well adjacent to the first story was created by the fill for the existing road and covered with the existing concrete entry stairs. The exterior of the first story remains extant underground and retains the historic or original freight entry door and two original windows. The freight door consists of two outer hinged wood doors with a two-lite transom in a segmental arch door surround. The door is offset to the north end of the west elevation. The windows are fixed three-overthree lite wood sash windows with two-lite transoms set in segmental arched openings and supported on sandstone. Interior The Rushmer Building consists of three commercial spaces in the first story (two on the north side and one on the south) and one in the second story (Figure 7 and Figure 8). The interior of the building retains a myriad of features from the original building and its subsequent renovations, but the space predominantly exhibits features dating to the 1960s and 1970s. Original features in the building are limited to the freight area at the rear first story, a pulley-operated elevator, select beadboard paneling, select baseboard trim, original flooring in the second-floor shop, and decorative vent covers. The north half of the first story is divided into front and rear commercial spaces. The front space is finished with laminate wood flooring, blonde wood paneling characteristic of the 1950s, and a drop ceiling. A columned side aisle is below the stairs and leads to the second-floor commercial space. The 2 The roof composition and cladding were identified in aerial imagery (Google Earth 2020). 5 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form rear space is open, with vinyl flooring, beadboard wainscoting, and a false ceiling. A modern bathroom is between the rear north commercial space and the freight area at the rear of the building. The south commercial space on the first story dates primarily from the late 1960s and 1970s and consists of a showroom, small front room, corridor, office, lavatory, and freight area. The showroom is finished with vinyl tile flooring, wood paneling covering the walls, and a drop ceiling that has reduced the full height of the ceiling. A small room adjacent to the storefront entrance retains the access window for the south storefront display. Beyond the showroom, a narrow corridor leads to a small room, which may have served as an optometrist’s office, and the rear freight space. The basement is accessed from the rear freight area. The pulley-operated elevator and shaft remain intact in the first floor and basement. The second-story commercial space consists of a showroom that is accessed from the stairs in the side entrance of the storefront and a shop area accessed from the rear at Canal Alley. A utility space is in between. The showroom space retains select features dating to the 1960s when Farr and Company occupied the second story, including a double door enclosure around the stair landing and a two-way mirror in the east wall. The room is finished with carpeted flooring, pegboard wall cladding, and a drop ceiling. The shop space retains the original wood flooring; although, the elevator shaft has been removed and the floor patched in. Site / Setting The Rushmer Building stands on the east side of the 2400 block of Washington Boulevard, in the center of Ogden’s central business district. The east side of the block retains an abutting series of late nineteenthcentury commercial buildings dating from 1856 to 1927. The west side of the street was redeveloped in 1972 and 1997 with three large buildings that overshadow the Peery Egyptian Theater. Integrity The registration requirements in the Commercial and Industrial Properties of Ogden, Utah, 1845–1975 Multiple Property Documentation Form call for allowances when evaluating the integrity of two-part commercial blocks under any of the National Register criteria. Alterations to modernize storefronts may be significant in their own right for their association with historic trends to modernize older commercial districts in the Great Depression and the post–World War II era. A modernized two-part block may qualify for registration during the modernized period of significance—the period of alteration—if it retains integrity from that period and is associated with the events, trends, and patterns in commerce in Ogden during that period. The Rushmer Building has not undergone significant exterior alteration since 1956. It retains integrity of location, design, materials, workmanship, and association from the modernized period of significance. It is therefore eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion C in the area of Architecture. 6 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 8. Statement of Significance Applicable National Register Criteria (Mark “x” in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property for National Register Listing.) ☐ A. ☐ B. ☒ C. ☐ D. Property is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history. Property is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past. Property embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components lack individual distinction Property has yielded, or is likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. Criteria Considerations (Mark “x” in all boxes that apply.) ☐ A. ☐ B. ☐ C. ☐ D. ☐ E. ☐ F. ☐ G. Owned by a religious institution or used for religious purposes Removed from its original location A birthplace or grave A cemetery A reconstructed building, object, or structure A commemorative property Less than 50 years old or achieving significance within the past 50 years Areas of Significance (Enter categories from instructions) ARCHITECTURE Period of Significance 1939–1956 Significant Dates 1939 1956 Significant Person (Complete only if Criterion B is marked above.) N/A Cultural Affiliation N/A Architect/Builder Unknown 7 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Statement of Significance Summary Paragraph (Provide a summary paragraph that includes level of significance, applicable criteria, justification for the period of significance, and any applicable criteria considerations.) The Rushmer Building was constructed in 1901 in Ogden, Weber County, Utah in the center of the commercial district on Washington Boulevard; its storefront was modernized in 1939 and 1956. These alterations coincide with the Defense and Reindustrialization periods detailed in the Commercial and Industrial Properties of Ogden, Utah, 1845–1975 Multiple Property Documentation Form. The period of significance for the Rushmer Building is 1939 to 1956, when the modernization alterations were made to the storefront and when the Rushmer Building attained its current exterior appearance. The Rushmer Building is significant at the local level under Criterion C in the area of Architecture as a rare surviving example of local architectural trends to modernize the storefronts of late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century buildings in Ogden’s commercial district. These trends occurred first during the Great Depression and New Deal era as a means to stimulate the economy. In Ogden, Washington Boulevard—the main commercial district providing goods and services for residents of Ogden and Weber County—was first modernized with sleek street-level storefronts in the 1930s and early 1940s during the Defense period. The Rushmer’s black and gray Carrara glass storefront exemplifies this trend. Modernization transformed Washington Boulevard again in the late 1940s and 1950s in response to increased competition from automobile-oriented, decentralized shopping areas. Alterations included large graphics and signage over unornamented slipcovers, or stucco applications to the upper stories of these storefronts to appeal to consumers traveling by automobile. The Rushmer’s stucco clad storefront is emblematic of second story modernization that proliferated on Washington Boulevard. Of the modernized storefronts on Washington Boulevard, many buildings were demolished entirely as a result of urban renewal projects in the late 1970s. For those buildings that remain, street-level storefronts and upper stories have been restored to earlier appearances or further altered since the 1970s. The Rushmer Building has not undergone significant exterior changes and is likely the only building that retains both an intact structural glass storefront from the 1930s and a stucco application from the 1950s. As a result, the Rushmer Building is a rare surviving example of architectural trends that characterized modernization in Ogden’s Defense Period and the Reindustrialization period as detailed in the associated MPDF. The building is being nominated to the National Register of Historic Places in an effort to preserve its existing historic character through the Federal Historic Tax Credit program. NARRATIVE STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE (Provide at least one paragraph for each area of significance.) Criterion C Significance Architecture The Commercial and Industrial Properties of Ogden, Utah, 1845–1975 Multiple Property Documentation Form serves as the basis for evaluating resources associated with the commercial and industrial enterprise in Ogden and delineates the economic history of Ogden into five economic periods: • Settlement of an Agricultural Community, 1845–1868 (Settlement) • Development of a Multicultural Railroad Hub, 1869–1889 (Railroad) • Growth of Commercial Enterprise and Industrialization, 1890–1928 (Commercial and Industrialization) • Great Depression and Transition to a Defense-Based Economy, 1929–1955 (Defense) 8 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form • Decline of the Railroads, Suburbanization, and a Return to Industrialization, 1955–1975 (Reindustrialization) The Rushmer Building is significant in the area of Architecture because it is extant evidence of architectural trends that physically manifested in Ogden on Washington Boulevard in the central business district first during the Great Depression and New Deal Era and again after the World War II. As noted in the MPDF, the architectural trend to modernize downtown “Main Street” commercial districts first occurred during the Great Depression in street-level storefronts in the mid- to late 1930s and early 1940s during the Defense period. During this time, the Rushmer Building was modernized with a characteristic structural glass street-level storefront. After World War II, the general pattern of decentralization, the development of suburban shopping areas, and the proliferation of automobiles were in direct competition with the downtown commercial district. In Ogden, this pattern again manifested in the central business district on Washington Boulevard in the late 1940s and throughout the 1950s during the Defense and Reindustrialization periods. These trends exacerbated existing criticism of the older commercial districts that were not convenient for or compatible with consumers traveling by automobile. In response, commercial buildings, such as the Rushmer Building were again modernized with stucco applications or architectural slipcovers to the upper stories, creating a canvas for larger advertising. Modernizing in the Great Depression and the New Deal Era Used generally, the term Main Street refers to the archetypical commercial district that developed during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in the center of towns and cities across the United States. Although no commercial district is identical, similar characteristics are anticipated in the typical Main Street, which critics described as homogenous in the early 1900s (Esperdy 2008:15). In Modernizing Main Street, Esperdy aptly describes this archetype as a physical pattern and spatial matrix that was fixed by 1900—a linearly developed, densely built strip in which commercial establishments clustered together to form a business and retail zone occupying contiguous, intersecting, or parallel blocks. A typical strip consisted of two- or three-story buildings arranged in continuous rows, punctuated by additional structures whose heights varied from four to ten stories depending on the size of the town and the value of the land. Much of Main Street’s built fabric dated to the era of rapid economic expansion in the late nineteenth century and possessed a formal organization largely determined by commercial and speculative real estate exigencies. (Esperdy 2008:17) Ogden’s central business district originated in the present 2400 block of Washington Boulevard in the Settlement period by providing limited goods and services to the agricultural community. In the decades after the railroads were completed, the district spread north and south on Washington Boulevard and west along 24th and 25th Streets. By the turn of the twentieth century in the Commercial and Industrial period, the central business district in Ogden paralleled the Main Street archetype. Abutting commercial blocks and warehouses lined the streets with taller vertical blocks anchoring the corners. Two distinct commercial districts emerged during this time in Ogden. Twenty-fifth Street served as the entertainment district catering to railroad passengers and industry laborers, whereas Washington Boulevard provided goods and professional services for residents of Ogden and Weber County and struggled to stimulate consumer spending during the Great Depression. The campaign to modernize appealed to cultural sentiment at that time. To modernize was to remove the dated stylistic features and ornaments characteristic of late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century commercial buildings. In the 1930s, these were universally perceived as obsolete. 9 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form To a consuming public being educated to recognize heavy molding, pronounced cornices, jutting dormers, elaborate masonry, and cast-iron storefronts as signifiers of age, these features rendered a building “an antiquated nightmare”—but not irrevocably. As the FHA put it, “Buildings can be rescued from obsolescence by a few simple operations” on their exteriors. The building, like a streamlined consumer good, was stripped of ornament and details and sheathed in a veneer of materials perceived as modern: Carrara and Vitrolite structural glass, Formica and Micarta laminated plastic, or Enduro and Veribrite enameled steel. (Esperdy 2008:163) As noted in the Ogden MPDF, only three extant commercial buildings were completed between 1931 and 1934, emblematic of the decline in the construction industry during the early 1930s (Utah Division of State History 2021). Amidst the suite of federal relief programs created under the New Deal, federal loan programs were enacted to encourage renovations to the existing building stock, which would thereby stimulate the construction industry and entice consumer spending at newly modernized stores. In 1934, Title I of the National Housing Act authorized the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) to insure private lenders against losses on low-interest loans for modernization projects on existing residential and non-residential buildings (Esperdy 2008). This program, known as the Modernization Credit Plan, was spearheaded by Utah banker and special assistant to the Secretary of the Treasury, Marriner S. Eccles, and the president of the General Motor Holding Corporation, Albert L. Deane (Esperdy 2008:56). As the goal of the Modernization Credit Plan was to generate as much construction and lending activity as possible, all forms of real property, residential and non-residential, were eligible for the program. 3 Once the Modernization Plan was enacted, its success hinged on participation in the program. In the summer of 1934, the FHA launched the Better Housing Program as a public awareness and mass marketing campaign to persuade the public to take advantage of the program: At the same time, the FHA embarked on an ambitious public relations campaign intended to promote building modernization as a curative to the woes of the Depression: modernization would stimulate the building activity that would put money back into circulation and put people back to work; the modernized store would stimulate the shopping activity that put even more money back into circulation, especially from those who had previously been unemployed. (Esperdy 2008:7) Advocacy for modernization proliferated in nationally published magazines and local newspapers through manufacturer and financial lender advertisements. The modernist message was popularized among property and business owners through trade publications and sign companies (Jackson 2017). Across the country, business owners applied sleek appearances to street-level storefronts with striking and colorful materials and streamlined designs influenced by the International, Art Deco, and Art Moderne styles in the 1930s and early 1940s (Esperdy 2008). Modernized storefronts of the Great Depression era are characterized by strong planar surfaces clad in flat panels of glass tile and porcelain enamel, aluminum sash display windows, and neon exterior lighting. All of which exhibited as stark visual contrasts to the materials that had previously characterized late nineteenth and early twentieth century commercial districts (Jackson 2017). Of the materials popularized during the modernization movement, glass tile— most commonly Carrara or Vitrolite—was deliberately and widely marketed for modernizing storefronts (Esperdy 2008:106). In Ogden, references to modernizing and advertisements to modernize appeared in the Ogden StandardExaminer as early as the late 1920s and continued to ebb and flow into the 1970s. However, the term modernize became a part of the vernacular in the 1930s and reflects the cultural sentiment that modern was the path forward during the period of economic recovery. Advertisements motivating consumers to 3 Whether the owners of the Rushmer Building took advantage of any of the modernization plans is not known. 10 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form modernize peaked in 1934. Provocations such as, “Modernize; make your home livable!” appeared in tandem with advice on how to borrow through the FHA loan program (Ogden Standard-Examiner 1934a). In 1935, First Security Bank of Utah was advertising FHA home loans to “help you to buy, build, repair, modernize” (Ogden Standard-Examiner 1935a). And in 1938, First Security Bank of Utah was advertising “Loans to Modernize Homes and business properties under the provisions of the liberalized F.H.A Amendments,” specifically noting it was time for new storefronts (Ogden Standard-Examiner 1938). The result of this campaign manifested in the central business district as businesses on the 2400 block of Washington Boulevard and tangential blocks modernized storefronts throughout the 1930s. Newly modernized stores advertised their new sleek appearances and striking materials. In 1934, Broadstone Drugs at 25th Street and Washington Boulevard advertised the reopening of its newly modernized store and boasted a Vitrolite backbar and “novel window arrangement” through which the street was visible from the store interior (Ogden Standard-Examiner 1934c). The following year, Lincoln White’s jewelry store at 2473 Washington Boulevard was heralded for its dark, sleek storefront adding “another modern store to the business district,” and Payless Drug Store at 2415 Washington Avenue invited residents to “visit the most modern drug store in the Inter-Mountain Region” (Ogden Standard-Examiner 1935b; 1935c) In 1936, W.P. Fuller & Co. opened a “new modern store” at 2430 Washington Boulevard just north of the Rushmer Building. In 1940, J.C. Penney Co. touted the economic results of its newly modernized store at the corner of 24th Street and Washington Boulevard: They came! They saw! They approved the NEW GREATER PENNEY’s! For three days the aisles at Penney’s were crowded with people from all over northern Utah, viewing and sharing in the excitement of this newly modernized store! (Ogden StandardExaminer 1940) In the midst of the ambitious modernization campaign, the street-level storefront of the Rushmer Building was modernized in 1939 and was noted for its “one of the most attractive in the city, being done in black and gray Carrara Glass, with colorful neon signs” (Ogden Standard-Examiner 1939). The modernized storefront featured a streamlined appearance with glass tile in contrasting black and white tones and aluminum sash display windows characteristic of the period. The storefront was capped with the building’s symbol, also in glass tile, and large neon eyeglasses (see Figure 3). The new storefront was emblematic of the modernization frenzy on Washington Boulevard. Modernizing in Response to Automobiles and Suburbanization After World War II, Main Streets were again transformed with a second generation of storefront modernizations. The general pattern of decentralization, the development of suburban shopping areas, and the proliferation of automobiles were in direct competition with Main Streets across the country. This pattern exacerbated the existing criticism of the older commercial districts that were no longer convenient for or compatible with consumers traveling by automobile. In response, business owners on Main Street, particularly those on national and state highway routes, again modernized storefronts to attract the attention of fast-moving consumers traveling in automobiles. To appeal to fast-moving consumers, upper portions or upper stories of older commercial buildings were transformed into blank canvases with large graphics and signage. Windows were often removed, reduced, or covered, and the exterior was streamlined with an architectural slipcover (Jackson 2017). Architectural slipcovers varied in complexity and use of a single material, such as masonry, glass, stucco, plastics, and composite materials, or a combination of them. Slipcovers were sometimes fabricated for easy installation and removal on the existing exterior façade. However, in some instances, slipcover applications involved removing surfaces characteristic of earlier periods, such as cornices, belt courses, and window hoods. 11 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form In Ogden, World War II reignited the economy with an increased demand for goods to support the war effort and an increased population arriving in Ogden for employment opportunities at the Utah General Depot and Hill Air Force Base (Roberts and Sadler 1997). Suburban housing developments were constructed to accommodate Ogden’s growing population and supported the increasing pattern of decentralization. Ogden experienced an economic and commercial shift in which suburban shopping strips and consumers were lured out of the central business district at the edge of the city to the peripheral towns of South Ogden and Riverdale, where ample space was available for sprawling parking lots; large signage; and long, low buildings set back from the road. Automobiles exacerbated the appeal of suburban shopping strips, which were typically one-story buildings and quickly constructed along major roads leading away from the city. Long and low, they responded to the horizontal spread of the highway and to the imperatives of the automobile, especially as builders set them back from the road to provide perpendicular or diagonal parking for passing vehicles. (Esperdy 2008:20) Increased competition from suburban shopping and the predominance of consumers traveling by automobile changed the appearance of the commercial district on Washington Boulevard, which is also U.S. 89. Beginning in the late 1940s and throughout the 1950s, business owners on Washington Boulevard between 22nd and 26th Streets modernized to compete with decentralized shopping and chain stores. The upper façades of the existing one- and two-part commercial buildings were transformed into blank canvases with large graphics and signage that would attract the attention of fast-moving consumers traveling in automobiles. The frenzied excitement for this second generation of new storefronts again appeared in the Ogden Standard-Examiner through the 1950s. At 2305 Washington Boulevard, Leven’s enticed customers to a remodeling sale with a new storefront featuring a windowless upper story and full-width “Leven’s” sign (Ogden Standard-Examiner 1948). In 1952, Midgley’s, at 2484 Washington Boulevard, appealed to his “old friends and customers” with a new storefront (Ogden Standard-Examiner 1952). Adjacent to the Rushmer Building at 2444 Washington Boulevard, Block’s advertised a new storefront in 1960: “A new front . . . a modern front to contribute to a fast growing Ogden” (Ogden Standard-Examiner 1960). Rushmer too modernized the upper story of his building in 1956 with the existing stucco front on the second story and a large sign for “Farr & Co” characteristic of the period (see Figure 4) (Ogden StandardExaminer 1956). Conclusion Most one- and two-part commercial blocks on Washington Boulevard between 22nd and 26th Streets were modernized with either or both a streamlined street-level store front an upper story stucco and an architectural slipcover and signage (Stewart Library 1920–1975). Since the late 1970s, many have been demolished, and many of the slipcovers have been removed or altered in later periods. Based on Weber County Tax Assessor photographs from the 1940s–1970s, the west side of the 2300 block was entirely modernized with new street-level storefronts and stucco or architectural slipcovers (Figure 9–Figure 17). These blocks, bounded by Washington Boulevard, 24th Street, and 22nd Street were demolished ca. 1977 in an early urban renewal project for the construction of the Ogden City Mall which was subsequently demolished between 2002–2004 for the extant The Junction mixed-use development. On the east side of the 2200 block several of the one-part commercial blocks retain architectural slipcovers; however, at least one slip cover has been removed at 2246 Washington Boulevard to reveal the early twentieth century façade, and one building at 2276 Washington Boulevard has been demolished (Figure 18–Figure 20). In the 2400 block of Washington Boulevard, either neighboring or across the street from the Rushmer Building, several buildings exhibiting modernized storefronts have also been demolished, one building was inaccurately restored (see Figure 4; Figure 21–Figure 23, and at least four buildings have been further altered. 12 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Based on these changes, Washington Boulevard does not retain sufficient integrity or sufficient contributing resources to represent a unique and distinguishable historic district. The Rushmer Building is a rare surviving example of architectural trends that occurred locally on Washington Boulevard in order to modernize older downtown commercial districts first to stimulate commerce during the Great Depression and secondly in response to competition from decentralized, automobile-oriented suburban shopping areas. Since 1956, the Rushmer Building has not undergone significant exterior changes and continues to reflect the modernizations that occurred in 1939 during the Defense periods and in 1956 during the Reindustrialization period of the MPDF. The building is being nominated to the National Register of Historic Places in an effort to preserve its existing historic character through the Federal Historic Tax Credit program. Additional Historic Context John T. Rushmer, an Ogden optician, purchased the building in 1921, and moved his optometry business there the following year (Ogden Standard-Examiner 1921). Rushmer’s business was noted as being “the pioneer optical shop in Ogden” (Ogden Standard-Examiner 1922). Rushmer reportedly updated the storefront and interior store space for his business. A historic photograph dating to ca. 1924 depicts tall display windows on either side of a central entrance and a retractable awning. Above the awning, a fullwidth stained glass transom spans the storefront and features patterned tulip-like lites characteristic of the 1920s (see Figure 2). A cornice delineates the first and second stories above the transom and supports a marquee sign shaped like a pair of eyeglasses. Rushmer modernized the storefront of his building in 1939 during the height of Vitrolite use in Ogden; the storefront was noted as “one of the most attractive in the city, being done in black and gray Carrara Glass, with colorful neon signs” (Ogden Standard-Examiner 1939). The Rushmer Building’s Vitrolite storefront featured a streamlined black surface topped with the building’s symbol and large neon eyeglasses (see Figure 3). In 1955, a fire started at the Rushmer Building; it was caused by “defective wiring in the [Vitrolite] false front” and spread to the second story (Ogden Standard-Examiner 1955). The fire may have been sparked by the wiring for the large neon signs, which ran behind the Vitrolite glass. As a result of this fire, the Vitrolite Rushmer Building sign was presumably removed and replaced with the existing one of ribbed metal. The following year, in 1956, Rushmer applied, possibly by himself since the newspaper referred to him as “owner-builder,” the existing stucco front on the second story (Ogden Standard-Examiner 1956). The second story subsequently displayed a large sign for “Farr & Co” characteristic of the period (see Figure 4). Table 1. Tenants of the Rushmer Building between 1901 and 1975 Date First Story (south)* 1901– 1907 Ogden Furniture and Carpet Company 1907– Grand Union Tea Company 1913 Ballantyne and Perkins “The Home Builders” 1922– 1930 Date 1908–?? First Story (north) Date Second Story 1901– 1907 Boyle Furniture Company 1912– Economy Sample Shoe Shop Noggle Studio Unknown ??–1927 Silvia Dee Art Shop 1916– 1923 Ogden Printing Company (Thomas Feeny J. T. Rushmer, Optometrist 1927 Taylor Building (front); La Rue picture framing shop (rear) 1927 Shewell’s Store (clothing) 13 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 19301966 1967– 1971 Dr. J.T. Rushmer and Son, Optometrists 1934– 1943 Greenwell Shoes; Dr. W. G. Greenwell Chiropodist 1943– 1975 Wecker Shoes Dr. H. Earl Rushmer, Optometrist Source: Ogden Standard-Examiner. * The first story originally included only one commercial space. 14 ca. 1950 Household Finance Company ca. 1956 Rabe Studio 1960– 1970 Farr and Company Wholesale Distributors 1970– 1975 Farr’s Jewelry NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 9. Major Bibliographical References Bibliography (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form.) Esperdy, Gabrielle 2008 Modernizing Main Street: Architecture and Consumer Culture in the New Deal. Chicago, Illinois, University of Chicago Press. Google Earth 2020 Aerial imagery of Rushmer Building 2434-2436 Washington Boulevard, Ogden, Utah. Available at: https://goo.gl/maps/oHLqPL6oL5d9n4TX9. Accessed June 22, 2021. Jackson, Mike 2017 Modernism on Main Street: The Dilemma of the Half-modern Building. APT Bulletin 48 (2-3):29–36. Ogden Standard 1901 Great Removal Sale. Ogden Standard 26 October:3. Ogden, Utah. Ogden Standard-Examiner 1921 To Remodel Store for Optician Shop. Ogden Standard-Examiner 26 December:10. Ogden, Utah. 1922 Rusher Moves into New Shop. Ogden Standard-Examiner 5 July:16. Ogden, Utah. 1934a Modernize. Ogden Standard-Examiner 21 November:11. Ogden, Utah. 1934b Model Dairy–999 Washington Ave–Opens Tomorrow. Ogden Standard-Examiner 26 October:7. Ogden, Utah. 1934c New Store to be Formally Opened Here Wednesday. Ogden Standard-Examiner 6 November:8. Ogden, Utah. 1935a Let Experts Modernize Your Home. Ogden Standard-Examiner 22 May:12. Ogden, Utah. 1935b Lincoln White’s New Jewelry Store. Ogden Standard-Examiner 20 March:4. Ogden, Utah. 1935c The Town’s on the Run. Ogden Standard-Examiner 19 July:3. Ogden, Utah. 1938 Loans to Modernize Homes and Business Properties. Ogden Standard-Examiner 20 March:9. Ogden, Utah. 1939 Trade Gains in 1939 are Noted by Specialists. Ogden Standard-Examiner 29 January:65. Ogden, Utah. 1940 Celebrating a Greater Penney’s. Ogden Standard-Examiner 28 April:16. Ogden, Utah. 1948 Remodeling Sale. Ogden Standard-Examiner 28 October:4. Ogden, Utah. 1952 Mr. Midgley Invites. Ogden Standard-Examiner 12 December:25. Ogden, Utah. 1955 Fire Damages Two Buildings on Washington. Ogden Standard-Examiner 5 May:26. Ogden, Utah. 1956 Asks City Permit. Ogden Standard-Examiner 18 March:16. Ogden, Utah. 15 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 1960 First Came the Dream. Ogden Standard-Examiner 30 May:13. Ogden, Utah. Roberts, Richard C., and Richard W. Sadler 1997 A History of Weber County. Utah State Historical Society, Weber County Commission, Salt Lake City, Utah. Available at: http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/History/Utah Counties/HistoryOfWeberCounty1996RobertsSadler.pdf. Accessed April 2, 2021. Sanborn Map and Publishing Company 1890 Ogden, Weber County, Utah. Available at: https://collections.lib.utah.edu/search?facet_set name_s=uum_sfim. Accessed May 25, 2021. 1906 Insurance Maps Ogden Utah. Available at: https://collections.lib.utah.edu/search?facet_set name_s=uum_sfim. Accessed May 25, 2021. Sanderson, Dale, Fay and Sandy, Michael Stewart, and Michael Summa 2019 End of US Highway 89. Available at: https://www.usends.com/89.html. Accessed May 5, 2021. Stewart Library 1920–1975 Ogden City Washington Boulevard, Ogden Buildings by Street. On file, Stewart Library, Weber State University, Ogden, Utah. Available at: https://cdm.weber.edu/digital/collection/OBS Utah Department of Transportation 1926 1926 State Road Map of Utah. Series 887, Department of Transportation Highway maps. Available at: https://images.archives.utah.gov/digital/collection/p17010coll68/id/23. Accessed April 2, 2021. 1937 1937 Road Map of Utah. Series 887, Department of Transportation Highway maps. Available at: https://images.archives.utah.gov/digital/collection/p17010coll68/id/48/rec/13. Accessed May 4, 2021. Utah Division of State History 2021 The HUB. Available at: https://utah.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/ index.html?id=f6dbd99cb21442e5a22c6b1d198864c3. Accessed May 26, 2021. 16 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Previous Documentation on File (NPS): ☐ preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR 67) has been requested ☐ previously listed in the National Register ☐ previously determined eligible by the National Register ☐ designated a National Historic Landmark ☐ recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey # ☐ recorded by Historic American Engineering Record # ☐ recorded by Historic American Landscape Survey # Primary Location of Additional Data: ☐ State Historic Preservation Office ☐ Other State agency ☐ Federal agency ☐ Local government ☒ University ☐ Other Name of Repository: Historic Resources Survey Number (if assigned): UDSH Property Record ID #106495 10. Geographical Data Acreage of Property: 0.07 acre (Use either the UTM system or latitude/longitude coordinates) Latitude/Longitude Coordinates (decimal degrees) Datum if other than WGS84: (enter coordinates to 6 decimal places) Latitude: 41.221863 Longitude: Latitude: Longitude: Latitude: Longitude: Latitude: Longitude: -111.970228 Or UTM Reference ☐ NAD 1927 or ☐ NAD 1983 1. Zone: Easting: Northing: 2. Zone: Easting: Northing: 3. Zone: Easting: Northing: 4. Zone: Easting: Northing: 17 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Verbal Boundary Description (Describe the boundaries of the property.) The Rushmer Building is located in part of Lot 6 in Block 26 of Plat A of the Ogden City Survey. The historic boundary begins at a point that is 16 rods and 0.32 feet, more or less, south from the northwest corner of Block 26, at the center of the south wall of the Patterson Block, and running thence south 22.25 feet, more or less, to the center of the south brick wall of the James L. Dee Building; thence east 132 feet; thence North 22.25 feet, more or less, to a point due east of the place of beginning; thence west 132 feet to the place of beginning. Boundary Justification (Explain why the boundaries were selected.) Title research was conducted on May 12, 2021, at the Weber County Recorder’s Office. The boundary for the Rushmer Building is based on the legal description assigned to the tax parcel 1901–2021. 11. Form Prepared By Name/Title: Megan Daniels Organization: SWCA Environmental Consultants Street & Number: 257 East 200 South, Suite 200 City or Town: Salt Lake City State: Utah e-mail: [e-mail] Telephone: [phone] Date: June 30, 2021 Zip Code: 84111 Additional Documentation Submit the following items with the completed form: • Maps: A USGS map or equivalent (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property’s location. • Sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources. Key all photographs to this map. • Additional items: (Check with the SHPO, TPO, or FPO for any additional items.) 18 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form MAPS Vicinity map. 19 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Location map. . 20 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form PHOTOGRAPHS Submit clear and descriptive photographs. The size of each image must be 1600x1200 pixels (minimum), 3000x2000 preferred, at 300 ppi (pixels per inch) or larger. Key all photographs to the sketch map. Each photograph must be numbered and that number must correspond to the photograph number on the photo log. For simplicity, the name of the photographer, photo date, etc. may be listed once on the photograph log and doesn’t need to be labeled on every photograph. Photo Log Name of Property: Rushmer Building Address 2434–2436 Washington Boulevard City or Vicinity: Ogden County: Weber County State: Utah Photographer Megan Daniels Date Photographed May 12, 2021 21 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Photo 1 of 24. Overview of the east side of the 2400 Block of Washington Boulevard, facing southeast. The Rushmer Building is second from the left. Photo 2 of 24. West (primary) elevation of the Rushmer Building, facing east. 22 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Photo 3 of 24. Overview of the first-story storefront, facing east. Photo 4 of 24. Centered entry to the flanking first-story commercial spaces with a side entry (left) to the second story commercial space. 23 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Photo 5 of 24. Detail of the flanking entry doors. Photo 6 of 24. Detail of the patterned terrazzo floor 24 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Photo 7 of 24. Overview of the north display cases and the side entry to the second-story commercial space, facing northeast. Photo 8 of 24. Overview of the south entrance display cases, facing southeast. 25 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Photo 9 of 24. Pieces of the Vitrolite sign that is being stored on-site at the Rushmer Building. Photo 10 of 24. Ribbed metal signage replaced the Vitrolite signage in 1956, facing east. 26 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Photo 11 of 24. Exterior stucco cladding and sliding aluminum sash windows in the second story, facing east. Photo 12 of 24. East (rear) elevation with the entry stairs and entrance to the second story at grade, facing west. 27 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Photo 13 of 24. Road fill enclosing the east (rear) elevation at the first story, facing south. Photo 14 of 24. Freight door (right) and original window (left) in the first story of the east elevation, facing northwest. 28 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Photo 15 of 24. Interior of the front north commercial space, facing west. Photo 16 of 24. Interior of the rear north commercial space with beadboard wall cladding, facing west. 29 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Photo 17 of 24. Interior of the south commercial space, facing east. Photo 18 of 24. Interior of the small room at the west end (front) of the south commercial space, facing west. 30 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Photo 19 of 24. Interior of the south commercial space, facing east. Photo 20 of 24. Hallway from the south commercial space past the optometrist office (right), facing west. 31 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Photo 21 of 24. Interior view of the hinged freight doors, facing east. Photo 22 of 24. The pulley-operated elevator in the basement, facing northeast. 32 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Photo 23 of 24. Interior of the second-story showroom with the enclosed stairwell entrance pictured to the right, facing west. Photo 24 of 24. Interior of the shop at the rear of the second-story commercial space, facing east. 33 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form RUSHMER HISTORIC PHOTOGRAPHS Figure 1. Image of the Rushmer Building ca. 1920 with the intact Victorian Eclectic exterior. Courtesy of James Jacobs. 34 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Figure 2. Image of the Rushmer Building ca. 1924 with a Victorian storefront. Courtesy of James Jacobs. 35 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Figure 3. Image of the Rushmer Building ca. 1940 with the Art Deco storefront and most of the original second-story storefront. Courtesy of Special Collections Department, Stewart Library, Weber State University. 36 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Figure 4. Image of the Rushmer Building ca. 1960 with the Art Deco storefront, ribbed metal signage and stucco on the second-story storefront. Courtesy of Special Collections Department, Stewart Library, Weber State University. 37 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form SANBORN MAPS Figure 5. Location of the Rushmer Building on the 1890 Sanborn Map of Ogden, Utah (Sanborn Map and Publishing Company 1890). Figure 6. The Rushmer Building on the 1906 Sanborn Map of Ogden, Utah (Sanborn Map and Publishing Company 1906). 38 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form FLOOR PLANS Figure 7. Rushmer Building, first-story floor plan. Figure 8. Rushmer Building, second-story floor plan. 39 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form WASHINGTON BOULEVARD COMPARATIVE ANALYIS Figure 9. 2243 Washington Boulevard, ca. 1970, with architectural slipcover. Demolished ca. 1977. Courtesy of Special Collections Department, Stewart Library, Weber State University. Figure 10. 2317 (far left) and 2305 (far right) Washington Boulevard, ca. 1950 with architectural slipcover. Demolished ca. 1977. Courtesy of Special Collections Department, Stewart Library, Weber State University. 40 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Figure 11. The Nadine at 2319 Washington Boulevard and Gallen Kamp Shoes at 2317, ca. 1950. Demolished ca. 1977. These buildings have been demolished. Courtesy of Special Collections Department, Stewart Library, Weber State University. Figure 12. Morgan Jewelers at 2321 (far left), Doll House at 2319 (left center), and Juliette’s at 2317 (center) Washington Boulevard, ca. 1970, (right) altered with architectural slipcovers. Demolished ca. 1977. Courtesy of Special Collections Department, Stewart Library, Weber State University. 41 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Figure 13. Clifton’s (address unknown) and Thom McAn at 2339 Washington Boulevard, ca. 1970. Demolished ca. 1977. Courtesy of Special Collections Department, Stewart Library, Weber State University. Figure 14. Graysons at 2349–2351 Washington Boulevard, ca. 1940, with modernized storefront. Demolished ca. 1977. Courtesy of Special Collections Department, Stewart Library, Weber State University. 42 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Figure 15. Bakers’ Quality Craft Shoes at 2349–2351 Washington Boulevard, ca. 1970, modernized with architectural slipcover. Demolished ca. 1977. Courtesy of Special Collections Department, Stewart Library, Weber State University. Figure 16. Top Drug at 2353 Washington Boulevard, ca. 1970, (right) modernized with architectural slipcover. Demolished ca. 1977. Courtesy of Special Collections Department, Stewart Library, Weber State University. 43 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Figure 17. 2242 Washington Boulevard, ca. 1970, (left) with architectural slipcover. Courtesy of Special Collections Department, Stewart Library, Weber State University. Figure 18. 2242 Washington Boulevard (left) with the architectural slipcover removed (2021). 44 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Figure 19. 2276 Washington Boulevard, at the northeast corner of Washington Boulevard and 23rd Street ca. 1950. Demolished between 1993–1997. Courtesy of Special Collections Department, Stewart Library, Weber State University. Figure 20. Earlier location of Baker’s Quality Craft Shoes at 2415 Washington Boulevard, ca. 1960, (center) with architectural slipcover. Demolished. Courtesy of Special Collections Department, Stewart Library, Weber State University. 45 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Figure 21. English Tailors (left) at 2427 and Zales Jewelers (right) at 2431 Washington Boulevard, ca. 1960. Both demolished. Courtesy of Special Collections Department, Stewart Library, Weber State University. Figure 22. 2430 Washington Boulevard, ca. 1960. The architectural slipcovers have since been removed and the adjacent building at 3420 Washington Boulevard has been demolished. Courtesy of Special Collections Department, Stewart Library, Weber State University. 46 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Property Owner Information (Complete this item at the request of the SHPO or FPO.) Name: James and Mary Ann Jacobs Address: 2756 Buchanan Avenue City or Town: Ogden State: Utah Telephone/email: [e-mail] Zip code: 84403 Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing, to list properties, and to amend existing listings. Response to this request is required to obtain a benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 460 et seq.). Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 100 hours per response including time for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of this form to the Office of Planning and Performance Management. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1849 C. Street, NW, Washington, DC. 47 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in National Register Bulletin, How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. 1. Name of Property Historic name: Rushmer Building DRAFT #1, Reviewed 6/8/2021 Other names/Site Number: Name of related multiple property listing: Commercial and Industrial Properties of Ogden, Utah,1845–1975 (Enter “N/A” if property is not part of a multiple property listing) 2. Location Street & number: 2434–2436 Washington Boulevard City or town: Ogden State: Utah Not for Publication: Vicinity: County: Weber 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this ☒ nomination ☐ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property ☐ meets ☐ does not meet the National Register Criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant at the following level(s) of significance: National Statewide X Local Applicable National Register Criteria: X A B C D Signature of certifying official/Title Date Utah Division of State History/Office of Historic Preservation State or Federal agency/bureau or Tribal Government In my opinion, the property ☐ meets ☐ does not meet the National Register criteria. Signature of commenting official: Date Title: State or Federal Agency/Bureau or Tribal Government 1 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 4. National Park Service Certification I hereby certify that this property is: ☐ Entered in the National Register ☐ Determined eligible for the National Register ☐ Determined not eligible for the National Register ☐ Removed from the National Register ☐ Other (explain): Signature of the Keeper Date of Action 5. Classification Ownership of Property (Check as many boxes as apply) Private Public – Local Public – State Public – Federal ☒ ☐ ☐ ☐ Category of Property (Check only one box) Building(s) District Site Structure Object ☒ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ Number of Resources within Property (Do not include previously listed resources in the couth) Contributing Noncontributing 1 0 Buildings 0 0 Sites 0 0 Structures 0 0 Objects 1 0 Total Number of contributing resources previously listed in the National Register: 2 0 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 6. Function of Use Historic Functions Current Functions (Enter categories from instructions) (Enter categories from instructions) COMMERCE / specialty store = furniture store, jewelry store COMMERCE / professional = artist studio, musician studio COMMERCE / professional = optometrist office SOCIAL / meeting hall 7. Description Architectural Classification Materials (Enter categories from instructions) (Enter categories from instructions) LATE VICTORIAN / Victorian Eclectic Foundation: brick, stone, concrete MODERN MOVEMENT / Art Deco Walls: brick (structural) Walls: glass / Vitrolite (storefront) Walls: glass / stucco (storefront) Narrative Description (Describe the historic and current physical appearance and condition of the property. Describe contributing and noncontributing resources if applicable. Begin with a summary paragraph that briefly describes the general characteristics of the property, such as its location, type, style, method of construction, setting, size, and significant features. Indicate whether the property has historic integrity.) SUMMARY PARAGRAPH The Rushmer Building, in Ogden, Weber County, is two-part commercial block constructed at the turn of the twentieth centuryca.1901 in Ogden’s Central Business District (CBD) on Washington Boulevard. Through two periods of significant alterations, the building is representative of the national trend to modernize older commercial districts during the New Deal era, with its Art Deco storefront; and during the mid-twentieth century, with its second-story stucco application, to appeal to the rise of the automobile. The building has been in continual commercial use since its construction. Because of the twentieth-century alterations to the exterior of the building, the Rushmer Building is no longer recognizable as a Victorian Eclectic two-part commercial block. However, these alterations have become significant in themselves and are the physical vestiges of broad patterns in commerce and have gained significance for their association with the Commerce in the Great Depression and Transition to a Defense-Based Economy 1929–1953 (Defense) and Decline of the Railroads, Suburbanization, and a Return to Industrialization 1954–1975 (Reindustrialization) periods of the Commercial and Industrial Properties of Ogden, Utah, 1845–1975 multiple property submission. For this reason, the period of significance is 1929 to 1975, during which time the Rushmer Building attained the characteristics that make it significant. The Rushmer Building retains integrity of location, design, materials, workmanship, and association sufficient to convey its significance within these two contexts. It is therefore eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion A. 3 Commented [MD1]: Cory: Would it be helpful to include a summary paragraph here that links this NRHP to the MPDF and its economic periods that are referenced throughout? Commented [CJ2R1]: No, not necessary. As long as you note that it is nominated under the MPS and the specific contexts periods (which, it looks like you’ve done) you should be good. It would be good to add couple of sentences from each context period as it relates to this building in the broader statement of significance, but is not necessary. Commented [CJ3]: Is there a date more specific to this building that could be used to end the POS, other than the date of the MPS? NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION Site / Setting The Rushmer Building stands on the east side of the 2400 block of Washington Boulevard, in the center of Ogden’s CBD. The east side of the block retains an abutting series of late nineteenth-century commercial buildings dating from 1856 to 1927, while the west side of the street has been redeveloped throughout the twentieth century. Building The Rushmer Building was constructed ca. 1901 as a two-part commercial block–type building in a row of abutting commercial buildings (Figure 1). The building has a narrow street frontage that is approximately 20 feet wide and a long interior that is approximately 120 feet deep. The north and south side walls adjoin the neighboring buildings while the west (primary) elevation faces Washington Boulevard, and the east (rear) elevation faces Canal Alley and a parking area in the middle of the block. The foundation is constructed of uncoursed stone ashlar below grade. The walls are constructed of loadbearing red brick laid in common bond. What is the roof material? As it was originally constructed, the west elevation facing the street exhibited architectural details characteristic of Victorian Eclectic commercial buildings such as patterned brick work, belt courses, and sunburst motifs. The gable roof wais hidden behind a later parapet and central pedimented finial rising from the west elevation. Exterior In 1939, the storefront was reconfigured, and the exterior of the first story was clad in Vitrolite glass, characteristic of Art Deco and Moderne storefronts of the 1930s and 1940s (Figure 2 and Figure 3). Opposing aluminum sash display cases were constructed at the sidewalk on either side of the central entrance to capture the attention of pedestrian consumers in the commercial district. The terrazzo floor was designed to draw consumers into the entrance toward the flanking wood stile and rail doors featuring seven horizontal lites, which lead to two commercial spaces on the first floor. Opposing display cases are adjacent to either entry. The Vitrolite glass initially extended above the storefront emblazoned with the name and symbol of the Rushmer Building. In 1955, a fire occurred and the Vitrolite sign was replaced with the extant two-tone ribbed metal. In 1956, the exterior of the second story was covered with concrete stucco that is incised to simulate rectangular panels. Concurrently, the original window openings were reduced in size, and the original glazing was replaced with the extant sliding aluminum sash windows. The smaller windows provided greater surface area for applied signage at the second story, characteristic of 1950s and 1960s storefronts. When this modification was made, Farr Jewelers occupied the second-story commercial space, and a large “Farr & Co.” sign was affixed to the exterior of the second story (Figure 4). The east elevation faces Canal Alley—historically, the location of an irrigation canal—and a parking lot and contains a rear entrance into the second-story store at grade. Historically, the east elevation stood two stories tall above grade. A well adjacent to the first story was created by the fill for the existing road and covered with the existing concrete entry stairs. The exterior of the first story remains extant underground and retains the historic or original freight entry door and two original windows. The freight door consists of two outer hinged wood doors with a two-lite transom in a segmental arch door surround. The door is offset to the north end of the west elevation. The windows are fixed three-over-three lite wood sash windows with two-lite transoms set in segmental arched openings and supported on sandstone. 4 Commented [CJ4]: Move this section to the end NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Interior The Rushmer Building consists of three commercial spaces in the first story (two on the north side and one on the south) and one in the second story. The interior of the building retains a myriad of features from the original building and its subsequent renovations, but the space predominantly exhibits features dating to the 1960s and 1970s. Original features in the building are limited to the freight area at the rear first story, a pulley-operated elevator, select beadboard paneling, select baseboard trim, original flooring in the second-floor shop, and decorative vent covers. The north half of the first story is divided into front and rear commercial spaces. The front space is finished with laminate wood flooring, blonde wood paneling characteristic of the 1950s, and a drop ceiling. A columned side aisle is below the stairs and leads to the second-floor commercial space. The rear space is an open space with vinyl flooring, beadboard wainscoting, and a false ceiling. A modern bathroom is between the rear north commercial space and the freight area at the rear of the building. The south commercial space on the first story dates primarily from the late 1960s and 1970s and consists of a showroom, small front room, corridor, office, lavatory, and freight area. The showroom is finished with linoleum flooring, wood paneling covering the walls, and a drop ceiling that has reduced the full height of the ceiling. A small room adjacent to the storefront entrance retains the access window for the south storefront display. Beyond the showroom, a narrow corridor leads to a small room, which may have served as an optometrist’s office, and the rear freight space. The basement of the building is accessed from the rear freight area. The pulley-operated elevator and shaft remain intact from the basement through the first floor. Along the north wall of the foundation an opening to the adjacent Patterson Block building has been bricked. The second-story commercial space consists of a showroom that is accessed from the stairs in the side entrance of the storefront and a shop area accessed from the rear at Canal Alley. A utility space is in between. The showroom space retains select features dating to the 1960s when Farr and Company occupied the second story, including a double door enclosure around the stair landing and a two-way mirror in the east wall. The room is finished with carpeted flooring, pegboard wall cladding, and a drop ceiling. The shop space retains the original wood flooring; although the elevator shaft has been removed and patched in the floor patched in. A set of three wood-framed casement windows in the south wall faces the brick of the adjoining building, indicating it postdates the Rushmer Building. 8. Statement of Significance Applicable National Register Criteria (Mark “x” in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property for National Register Listing.) ☒ A. ☐ B. ☐ C. ☐ D. Property is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history. Property is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past. Property embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components lack individual distinction Property has yielded, or is likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. 5 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Criteria Considerations (Mark “x” in all boxes that apply.) ☐ A. ☐ B. ☐ C. ☐ D. ☐ E. ☐ F. ☐ G. Owned by a religious institution or used for religious purposes Removed from its original location A birthplace or grave A cemetery A reconstructed building, object, or structure A commemorative property Less than 50 years old or achieving significance within the past 50 years Areas of Significance (Enter categories from instructions) COMMMERCE COMMUNITY DEVELOPENT AND PLANNING Period of Significance 1929–1953 Great Depression and Transition to a Defense-Based Economy (Defense) 1954–1975 Decline of the Railroads, Suburbanization, and a Return to Industrialization (Reindustrialization) Commented [MD5]: Cory: Should the POS match the MPDF or should the building have its own POS based on alteration dates? Commented [CJ6R5]: It should definitely have its own POS and not be based on the MPS context dates. Commented [CJ7]: I would leave these comments out of this section. Ditto for significant Dates, as this should be explained in the body of Section 8, below Significant Dates 1901 Construction 1939 Vitrolite/Carrara glass storefront installed 1956 Stucco storefront installed above Vitrolite Significant Person (Complete only if Criterion B is marked above.) N/A Cultural Affiliation N/A Architect/Builder Unknown 6 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Statement of Significance Summary Paragraph (Provide a summary paragraph that includes level of significance, applicable criteria, justification for the period of significance, and any applicable criteria considerations.) The Rushmer Building, constructed ca. 1901 in Ogden, Weber County, and modernized in 1939 and 1956, is significant under Criterion A at the local level for its association with both the broad patterns in commerce during the heightened competition of the New Deal era and the evolution of commercial districts in the wake of the automobile consumer culture along Washington Boulevard in Ogden. It represents the changes to commercial architecture over time in order to stay relevant and competitive with changing consumerism and advertising along a main commercial thoroughfare. ItThe Rushmer Building is significant in the area of Commerce as a Victorian-era building that has been adapted several times to remain competitive in the heart of the commercial district on Washington Boulevard, which was a key source of goods and services for residents of Ogden and Weber County. In the early twentieth century, the commercial district on Washington Boulevard had developed between 22nd and 26th Streets. These storefronts on Washington Boulevard, a national highway route for U.S. 89 through Utah, were “modernized” with sleek storefronts in the 1930s and 1940s and unmistakable signage at the second story in the 1950s and 1960s to appeal to the changes in consumer culture. Of these buildings, the Rushmer Building is one of a few that retains modernized storefront elements from both periods, as surrounding buildings have been demolished entirely or the storefronts have been restored or further altered. The Rushmer Building was evaluated for significance under Criterion C. Due to its exterior alterations, the building no longer retains architectural integrity as a representation of Victorian Eclectic style. Although the alterations to the exterior have gained significance for their association with subsequent trends in commercial architecture, the Rushmer Building does not possess sufficient distinctive characteristics of the Art Deco, Moderne, or International styles to be significant in the area of Architecture. The period of significance for the Rushmer Building is 1929 to 1975, coinciding with the Defense and Reindustrialization periods detailed in the Commercial and Industrial Properties of Ogden, Utah Multiple Property Documentation Form. During this time, the Rushmer Building attained the characteristics that qualify it for listing in the National Register of Historic Places for its significance in the area of Commerce. Commented [CJ8]: Maybe break this up—it’s a pretty long sentence Commented [CJ9]: This sort of combines Commerce and Architecture. Maybe you should actually address Architecture as an area, and how the changes reflect what was happening over time with the change in storefronts/facades in the business district? I don’t know, based on the information below, if this is actually significant for Commerce? You also have Community Planning/Development noted above, but I don’t see it in this summary or in the body of Section 8 below? Commented [CJ10]: I would suggest removing this as it isn’t necessary to note why it’s not significant for other criteria. It also puts a negative emphasis the architecture and alterations. Commented [CJ11]: Again, choose a POS that coincides more directly with the building and not the MPDF contexts NARRATIVE STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE (Provide at least one paragraph for each area of significance.) Criterion A SIgnificance: Patterns of History Commerce The building at 2434–2436 Washington Boulevard was constructed ca. 1901 by Adam Patterson and David Eccles concurrently with the adjoining Patterson Block to the north 1 (Ogden Standard 1901). Title research and Sanborn Maps of Ogden indicate that Patterson and Eccles purchased a wood-framed saloon at the same address from the estate of James L. Dee in 1901 and constructed the extant brick building by October of the same year (Figure 5 and Figure 6). Immediately after construction, the building housed the Ogden Furniture and Carpet Company in the first story, and the following year the second story was 1 Historic images depict similar architectural detailing on the street-facing elevations of the two buildings in the 1920s, and the extant rear elevations have nearly identical gable roofs with central circular vents in the gable ends. 7 Commented [CJ12]: It is best to start each section out with a clear statement (similar to in the summary statement), e.g. “The Rushmer Building is significant in the area of Commerce because….” And briefly note the reasons why. Then back up the statement completely, but concisely. Whatever other historical context information that doesn’t really address why the building is significant should be added under a separate Additional Historical Context heading at the end. Do this for each Criterion/Area of Significance. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form leased to the Boyle Furniture Company. The building has since housed a series of specialty stores and professional offices (Table 1). John T. Rushmer, an Ogden optician, purchased the building in 1921, the last decade of the Commercialism and Industrialization period, and moved his optometry business there the following year (Ogden Standard-Examiner 1921). Rushmer’s business was noted as being “the pioneer optical shop in Ogden, having been opened on October 10, 1901” (Ogden Standard-Examiner 1922). Rushmer reportedly updated the storefront and interior store space for his business. A historic photograph dating to ca. 1924 depicts tall display windows on either side of a central entrance and a retractable awning. Above the awning, a full-width stained glass transom spans the storefront and features patterned tulip-like lites characteristic of the 1920s (Figure 2). A cornice delineates the first and second stories above the transom and supports a marquee sign shaped like a pair of eyeglasses. During this period, Washington Boulevard continued to be a commercial district for goods and services to supply permanent residents of Ogden and Weber County, whereas 25th Street provided entertainment primarily for tourists and transient laborers. Commented [CJ13]: It might make it easier to follow if in the preceding paragraph you note the name of the MPDF and all the eras from the MPDF that apply to this particular Area of Significance, so it is clear to what you are referring to. Do the same for each Area. At this time, automobiles were becoming increasingly more accessible to Weber County residents, who would travel from outlying communities for goods and services readily available in Ogden (Roberts and Sadler 1997). By 1927, the paved route of U.S. 91 traveled through Ogden on Washington Boulevard (Utah Department of Transportation 1926). In the 1930s U.S. 89 was also completed through Ogden from Spanish Fork to the Canadian border (Sanderson et al. 2019). By 1937, U.S. 91 and U.S. 89 intersected south of Ogden and continued north together along Washington Boulevard before diverging (Utah Department of Transportation 1937). The introduction of the automobile and the establishment of national highway routes on Washington Boulevard solidified the thoroughfare as the primary commercial district for area residents. During the Defense period, the New Deal era ushered in a trend to modernize older storefronts of late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century buildings on Main Streets across the country. Property owners covered older storefronts with modern veneers with striking, colorful materials and streamlined designs influenced by the International, Art Deco, and Art Moderne styles (Esperdy 2008). Rushmer modernized the storefront of his building in 1939 during the height of Vitrolite use in Ogden; the storefront was noted as “one of the most attractive in the city, being done in black and gray Carrara Glass, with colorful neon signs” (Ogden Standard-Examiner 1939). The Rushmer Building’s Vitrolite storefront featured a streamlined black surface topped with the building’s symbol and large neon eyeglasses (Figure 3). The first reference to Vitrolite glass block in a local newspaper appeared in 1928 in an article titled Fitting Your Furniture to the New Homes of Steel (Ogden Standard-Examiner 1928). Based on newspaper advertisements, the use of Vitrolite peaked in 1935—particularly for bathrooms—with repeated advertisements calling to “Modernize Your Bathroom with Vitrolite” (Ogden Standard-Examiner 1935). References to Vitrolite interiors appeared in the Ogden Standard-Examiner through 1952. During the Reindustrialization period following World War II, and into the 1970s, transportation, shipping, and distribution shifted from railroads to road and air transport. Concurrently, a trend toward suburbanization swept the nation. Automobile-oriented commercial areas were developed to provide autonomy and easy access via the automobile. While these shifts moved new commercial enterprises to open areas at the periphery of Ogden, where ample space was available for sprawling parking lots and low, long buildings, the existing commercial district on Washington Boulevard and U.S. 89 also transformed physically to cater to the attention of fast-moving consumers in automobiles. The 1950s and 1960s left their mark on the upper stories of older commercial districts with false fronts, slipcovers, and stuccos that reduced or removed windows for streamlined surfaces and large advertising. Rushmer again modernized the storefront of his building in the late 1950s. In 1955, a fire started at the Rushmer Building; it was caused by “defective wiring in the [Vitrolite] false front” and spread to the 8 Commented [CJ14]: Most of this is very general information that does not focus on the reason this particular building is significant under Commerce. It needs to be much more focused specifically on this building and not just a chronology of occupants. You’ve noted the businesses that occupy the building. How do they more specifically represent what was happening in commerce in Ogden at the time? You also note architectural changes that were made. But the conversation needs to be directed to their impact on the Rushmer Bldg and relate it directly to what was happening to other buildings around it. But remember, that all of the history and discussion needs to relate back to why it is significant under Commerce. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form second story (Ogden Standard-Examiner 1955). The fire may have been sparked by the wiring for the large neon signs, which ran behind the Vitrolite glass. As a result of this fire, the Vitrolite Rushmer Building sign was presumably removed and replaced with the existing one of ribbed metal. The following year, in 1956, Rushmer applied, possibly by himself since the newspaper referred to him as “ownerbuilder,” the existing stucco front on the second story (Ogden Standard-Examiner 1956). The second story subsequently displayed a large sign for “Farr & Co” characteristic of the period (Figure 4). Since Rushmer’s modernization in the 1950s, the building has not undergone significant exterior changes and continues to reflect commercial architecture trends of the Defense and Reindustrialization periods between 1929 and 1975. Some alterations have been made to the interior of the building, such as modern lavatories, but the layout of the four commercial spaces during the period of significance remains recognizable in the interior of the building. Table 1. Tenants of the Rushmer Building between 1901 and 1975 Date First Story (south)* 1901– 1907 Ogden Furniture and Carpet Company 1907 Grand Union Tea Company Date First Story (north) Date Second Story 1901– 1907 Boyle Furniture Company Unknown ??–1927 Silvia Dee Art Shop ??– 1923 Ogden Printing Company (Thomas Feeny 1922– 1930 J. T. Rushmer, Optometrist 1927 Taylor Building (front); La Rue picture framing shop (rear) 1927 Shewell’s Store (clothing) 19301966 Dr. J.T. Rushmer and Son, Optometrists 1934– 1943 Greenwell Shoes; Dr. W. G. Greenwell Chiropodist 1943– 1975 Wecker Shoes ca. 1950 Household Finance Company ca. 1956 Rabe Studio 1960– 1970 Farr and Company Wholesale Distributors 1970– 1975 Farr’s Jewelry 1967– 1971 Dr. H. Earl Rushmer, Optometrist Source: Ogden Standard-Examiner. * The first story originally included only one commercial space. 9 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 9. Major Bibliographical References Bibliography (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form.) Esperdy, Gabrielle 2008 Modernizing Main Street: Architecture and Consumer Culture in the New Deal. Chicago, Illinois, University of Chicago Press. Ogden Standard 1901 Great Removal Sale. Ogden Standard 26 October:3. Ogden, Utah. Ogden Standard-Examiner 1921 To Remodel Store for Optician Shop. Ogden Standard-Examiner 26 December:10. Ogden, Utah. 1922 Rusher Moves into New Shop. Ogden Standard-Examiner 5 July:16. Ogden, Utah. 1928 Fitting Your Furniture to the New Homes of Steel. Ogden Standard-Examiner 23 December:35. Ogden, Utah. 1935 Modernize. Ogden Standard-Examiner 18 March:10. Ogden, Utah. 1939 Trade Gains in 1939 are Noted by Specialists. Ogden Standard-Examiner 29 January:65. Ogden, Utah. 1955 Fire Damages Two Buildings on Washington. Ogden Standard-Examiner 5 May:26. Ogden, Utah. 1956 Asks City Permit. Ogden Standard-Examiner 18 March:16. Ogden, Utah. Roberts, Richard C., and Richard W. Sadler 1997 A History of Weber County. Utah State Historical Society, Weber County Commission, Salt Lake City, Utah. Available at: http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/History/Utah Counties/HistoryOfWeberCounty1996RobertsSadler.pdf. Accessed April 2, 2021. Sanborn Map and Publishing Company 1890 Ogden, Weber County, Utah. Available at: https://collections.lib.utah.edu/search?facet_set name_s=uum_sfim. Accessed May 25, 2021. 1906 Insurance Maps Ogden Utah. Available at: https://collections.lib.utah.edu/search?facet_set name_s=uum_sfim. Accessed May 25, 2021. Sanderson, Dale, Fay and Sandy, Michael Stewart, and Michael Summa 2019 End of US Highway 89. Available at: https://www.usends.com/89.html. Accessed May 5, 2021. Utah Department of Transportation 1926 1926 State Road Map of Utah. Series 887, Department of Transportation Highway maps. Available at: https://images.archives.utah.gov/digital/collection/p17010coll68/id/23. Accessed April 2, 2021. 1937 1937 Road Map of Utah. Series 887, Department of Transportation Highway maps. Available at: https://images.archives.utah.gov/digital/collection/p17010coll68/id/48/rec/13. Accessed May 4, 2021. 10 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Previous Documentation on File (NPS): ☐ preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR 67) has been requested ☐ previously listed in the National Register ☐ previously determined eligible by the National Register ☐ designated a National Historic Landmark ☐ recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey # ☐ recorded by Historic American Engineering Record # ☐ recorded by Historic American Landscape Survey # Primary Location of Additional Data: ☐ State Historic Preservation Office ☐ Other State agency ☐ Federal agency ☐ Local government ☒ University ☐ Other Name of Repository: Historic Resources Survey Number (if assigned): UDSH Property Record ID #106495 10. Geographical Data Acreage of Property: 0.07 acre (Use either the UTM system or latitude/longitude coordinates) Latitude/Longitude Coordinates (decimal degrees) Datum if other than WGS84: (enter coordinates to 6 decimal places) Latitude: 41.221863 Longitude: Latitude: Longitude: Latitude: Longitude: Latitude: Longitude: -111.970228 Or UTM Reference ☐ NAD 1927 or ☐ NAD 1983 1. Zone: Easting: Northing: 2. Zone: Easting: Northing: 3. Zone: Easting: Northing: 4. Zone: Easting: Northing: Verbal Boundary Description (Describe the boundaries of the property.) 11 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form The Rushmer Building is located in part of Lot 6 in Block 26 of Plat A of the Ogden City Survey. The historic boundary begins at a point that is 16 rods and 0.32 feet, more or less, south from the northwest corner of Block 26, at the center of the south wall of the Patterson Block, and running thence south 22.25 feet, more or less, to the center of the south brick wall of the James L. Dee Building; thence east 132 feet; thence North 22.25 feet, more or less, to a point due east of the place of beginning; thence west 132 feet to the place of beginning. Boundary Justification (Explain why the boundaries were selected.) The boundary for the Rushmer Building corresponds to the legal tax parcel historically and presently associated with the property. You need to note the date you pulled the information from the Tax File 11. Form Prepared By Name/Title: Megan Daniels Organization: SWCA Environmental Consultants Street & Number: 257 East 200 South, Suite 200 City or Town: Salt Lake City State: Utah e-mail: [e-mail] Telephone: [phone] Date: June 4, 2020 Zip Code: 84111 Commented [MD15]: Note to self to update for the final draft. Additional Documentation Submit the following items with the completed form: • Maps: A USGS map or equivalent (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property’s location. • Sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources. Key all photographs to this map. • Additional items: (Check with the SHPO, TPO, or FPO for any additional items.) 12 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form PHOTOGRAPHS Submit clear and descriptive photographs. The size of each image must be 1600x1200 pixels (minimum), 3000x2000 preferred, at 300 ppi (pixels per inch) or larger. Key all photographs to the sketch map. Each photograph must be numbered and that number must correspond to the photograph number on the photo log. For simplicity, the name of the photographer, photo date, etc. may be listed once on the photograph log and doesn’t need to be labeled on every photograph. Photo Log Name of Property: Rushmer Building Address 2434–2436 Washington Boulevard City or Vicinity: Ogden County: Weber County State: Utah Photographer Megan Daniels Date Photographed May 12, 2021 13 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Photo 1. Overview of the east side of the 2400 Block of Washington Boulevard, facing southeast. The Rushmer Building is second from the left. Photo 2. West (primary) elevation of the Rushmer Building, facing east. 14 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Photo 3. Overview of the first-story storefront, facing east. Photo 4. Centered entry to the flanking first-story commercial spaces with a side entry (left) to the second story commercial space. 15 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Photo 5. Detail of the flanking entry doors. Photo 6. Detail of the flanking entry door hardware. 16 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Photo 7. Detail of the patterned terrazzo floor Photo 8. Overview of the north display cases and the side entry to the second-story commercial space, facing northeast. 17 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Photo 9. Detail of the north sidewalk display case, facing north. Photo 10. Side entry to the second-story commercial space and adjacent display case. 18 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Photo 11. Detail of the north door side display case, facing northeast. Photo 12. Overview of the south entrance display cases, facing southeast. 19 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Photo 13. Detail of the blind entrance in the south side of the entryway, facing south. Photo 14. Detail of the south door side display case, facing south. 20 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Photo 15. Pieces of the Vitrolite sign that is being stored on-site at the Rushmer Building. Photo 16. Ribbed metal signage replaced the Vitrolite signage in 1956. 21 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Photo 17. Exterior stucco cladding and sliding aluminum sash windows in the second story. Photo 18. East (rear) elevation with the entry stairs and entrance to the second story at grade, facing west. 22 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Photo 19. East (rear) elevation with the entry stairs and entrance to the second story at grade, facing northwest. Photo 20. Road fill enclosing the east (rear) elevation at the first story, facing south. 23 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Photo 21. Freight door (right) and original window (left) in the first story of the east elevation, facing northwest. Photo 22. Original window in the first story of the east elevation, below the existing grate, facing southwest. 24 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Photo 23. Detail of the original window in the east elevation, facing west. Photo 24. Detail of the original window and transom in the east elevation, facing west. 25 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Photo 25. Interior of the front north commercial space, facing east. Photo 26. Interior of the front north commercial space, facing west. 26 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Photo 27. Detail of the original vent cover that is unpainted in the front north commercial space. Photo 28. Interior of the rear north commercial space with beadboard wall cladding, facing west. 27 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Photo 29. Detail of the beadboard. Photo 30. Interior of the south commercial space, facing east. 28 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Photo 31. Interior of the south commercial space, facing east. Photo 32. Interior of the small room at the west end (front) of the south commercial space, facing west. 29 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Photo 33. Access door to the south display case, facing west. Photo 34. Detail of original decorative vent cover in the floor of the south commercial space. 30 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Photo 35. Hallway from the south commercial space past the optometrist office (right), facing west. Photo 36. Detail of ca. 1960s wall sconce in the south commercial space, facing west. 31 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Photo 37. Original wall and baseboard in the corridor of the south commercial space, facing southwest. Photo 38. Interior view of the hinged freight doors, facing east. 32 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Photo 39. The elevator shaft in the first story adjacent to the stairs to the second story commercial space in the rear freight area, facing northwest. Photo 40. Interior view of the elevator shaft up to the second floor, facing south. 33 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Photo 41. The pulley-operated elevator in the basement, facing northeast. Photo 42. Foundation construction and bricked entrance to the Patterson Block building, facing north. 34 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Photo 43. Interior of the second-story showroom with the enclosed stairwell entrance pictured to the right, facing west. Photo 44. Interior of the second-story showroom, facing east. 35 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Photo 45. Interior of the shop at the rear of the second-story commercial space, facing west. Photo 46. Interior of the shop at the rear of the second-story commercial space, facing east. 36 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Photo 47. Windows in the south wall of the shop have been covered by the north wall of the adjacent building, facing south. Photo 48. Detail of original flooring and boarded opening of the elevator shaft, facing south. 37 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form HISTORIC PHOTOGRAPHS Figure 1. Image of the Rushmer Building ca. 1920 with the intact Victorian Eclectic exterior. Image courtesy of Jim Jacobs. 38 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Figure 2. Image of the Rushmer Building ca. 1924 with a Victorian storefront. Image courtesy of Jim Jacobs. 39 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Figure 3. Image of the Rushmer Building ca. 1940 with the Art Deco storefront and most of the original second-story storefront. Image courtesy of Weber State University Library. 40 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Figure 4. Image of the Rushmer Building ca. 1960 with the Art Deco storefront, ribbed metal signage and stucco on the second-story storefront. Image courtesy of Weber State University Library. 41 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form SANBORN MAPS Figure 5. Location of the Rushmer Building on the 1890 Sanborn Map of Ogden, Utah (Sanborn Map and Publishing Company 1890). Figure 6. The Rushmer Building on the 1906 Sanborn Map of Ogden, Utah (Sanborn Map and Publishing Company 1906). 42 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form MAPS Figure 7. Vicinity map. 43 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Figure 8. Location map . 44 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Title Research Table 2. Title Research for the Rushmer Building Date Filed Grantor/Seller Grantee/Buyer Transaction Type Dollar Amount Description 4/6/1993 John T. Rushmer Trust with H. Earl Rushmer and Mary R. Rose Trustees James Jacobs and Mary Ann Jacobs as joint tenants Warranty Deed – 2434/2436 Washington Boulevard; Part of Lot 6, Block 26, Plat A, Ogden City Survey. Commencing at a point 16 rods and 0.32 feet, more or less, South from the Northwest corner of said Bock 26, at the center of the South wall of the Patterson Block, and running thence South 22.25 feet, more or less, to the center of the South brick wall of the James L. Dee Building; thence East 132 feet; thence North 22.25 feet, more or less, to a point due East of the place of beginning; thence West 132 feet to the place of beginning 8/18/1992 Dr. H. Earl Rushmer and Key Trust Co. of the West, Successor in Interest to Key Bank of Utah (formerly known as Commercial Security Bank) John T. Rushmer Trust, with H. Earl Rushmer and Mary P. Rose, CoTrustees Quit Claim Deed 10 (same as above) 12/31/1921 David Eccles Company John T. Rushmer Warranty Deed 11,125 Beg 16 rods +/- 32 ft S of NW cor Blk 26 - S 22.25 ft. E 132 ft. N 22.25 ft to point E of beg. W 321 ft to beg. Together with rights and privileges and subject to obligations certain agreement 12/31/1921 Eccles Investment Company John T. Rushmer Warranty Deed 4,450 (same as above) 12/24/1921 Adam Patterson et al. John T. Rushmer Warranty Deed 15,575 (same as above) 1/16/1902 Adam Patterson and David Eccles Boyle Furniture Company Lease – Leases 2nd Floor of Bldg. No. 2434 Wash Ave from Sept 1, 1901 to Aug 31, 1907 10/21/1901 J. Stanley Dee and Rosella Dee Adam Patterson and David Eccles Warranty Deed 5,000 Beg 16 rods S of NW cor Blk 26 - S 22.57 ft. to cor of Brick Wall of James L. Dee E 132 ft. N 22.57 ft to point due E of beg. W 132 ft to beg. With other 10/25/1901 Jas L. Dee deceased by court J. Stanley Dee Decree of Deed – (same as above) 10/25/1901 Jas L. Dee by court J. Stanley Dee et al. Decree of Deed – (same as above) 5/11/1901 In the Estate of Jas L. Dee deceased J. Stanley Dee et al. Decree of Deed – (same as above) 3/26/1900 Edward W. Dee and wife Mabel R. J. Stanley Dee Quit Claim Deed 7,800 (same as above) Source: Research conducted at the Weber County Recorder office, 2380 Washington Boulevard, Ogden, Utah. 45 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rushmer Building Name of Property Weber County, Utah County and State United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Property Owner Information (Complete this item at the request of the SHPO or FPO.) Name: James and Mary Ann Jacobs Address: 2756 Buchanan Avenue City or Town: Ogden State: Utah Telephone/email: [e-mail] Zip code: 84403 Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing, to list properties, and to amend existing listings. Response to this request is required to obtain a benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 460 et seq.). Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 100 hours per response including time for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of this form to the Office of Planning and Performance Management. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1849 C. 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In addition, the nomination fails to sufficiently document the property’s historic significance under National Register Criterion A. Criterion A – Commerce Nothing in the documented history of this property raises its significance beyond just a modest representative example of general trends in local commercial development. The significant role, impact or relative importance of the commercial operations housed in this building are not established within the current narrative. Merely reflecting common patterns is not sufficient without solid, comparative evaluations within the local context. The weakness of the MPS cover documentation in not establishing significance thresholds beyond merely association with a context period is revealed in this nomination. In what way did the operations of this commercial enterprise significantly impact, change or alter local commercial development? Was it a leader? An early participant in local commercial revitalization? Was it associated with importance commercial entrepreneurs? Was it’s remodeling seen as a major factor in generating new or revitalized commerce downtown? The narrative points out a number of federal and local economic incentives to aid building renovation and remodeling projects yet provides no explicit evidence that the owners of the Rushmer utilized these or played a significant role in their promotion among local property owners. Nor are specific architects or designers identified with the obviously robust 1939 modernization efforts. Merely participating in a broad pattern of activity is scant justification for eligibility, unless there is a convincing comparative analysis, either revealing the significant impact of the work here or documenting the building as a rare survivor of the building efforts that were associated with these patterns. The narrative hints at that but fails to provide much supporting evidence. Much of the current Criterion A argument seems more supportive of Criterion C as it addresses physical manifestations rather than commercial operations. Why was this building selected for individual submission with the MPS cover, and was any consideration given to developing it as part of a small district? If you have questions regarding these comments or want to discuss certain aspects of the documentation further, please contact my office directly at the number or e-mail listed below. Paul R. Lusignan, Historian National Register of Historic Place National Park Service [phone] [e-mail] Spencer J. Cox Governor Deidre M. Henderson Lieutenant Governor JillHartley Love Don Executive Director Director State Historic Preservation Officer Jill Remington Love Christopher Executive Director Merritt State Historic Preservation Officer Utah Department of Cultural and Community Engagement June 23, 2022 MR. GREG MONTGOMERY OGDEN COMMUNITY DEVEL. DEPT. 2549 WASHINGTON BOULEVARD, STE 140 OGDEN, UT 84401-3111 Dear Greg: We are pleased to inform you that the historic property listed below, nominated by the State Historic Preservation Review Board and the Utah State Historic Preservation Officer, was officially listed on the National Register of Historic Places by the National Park Service on June 13, 2022: RUSHMER BUILDING, 2434 WASHINGTON BLVD, OGDEN Listing on the National Register is intended to provide recognition of a property's significance. A major benefit of listing on the National Register is the availability of tax credits for qualified restoration work along with other financial incentives that are intended to encourage preservation of our historic buildings. Please contact Cory Jensen at [e-mail] if you have any questions or if we may be of assistance to you. Sincerely, Christopher W. Merritt, Ph.D. State Historic Preservation Officer 3760 South Highland Drive, Salt Lake City, Utah 84106 • history.utah.gov SPENCER J. COX Governor DEIDRE M. HENDERSON Lieutenant Governor Jennifer Ortiz Director Utah Division of State History July 20, 2021 Jill Remington Love Executive Director Department of Heritage & Arts MR. GREG MONTGOMERY OGDEN COMMUNITY DEVEL. DEPT. 2549 WASHINGTON BOULEVARD, STE 140 OGDEN, UT 84401-3111 Dear Greg: We are pleased to inform you that the historic property and the Multiple Property Documentation Form (MPDF) listed below will be considered by the State Historic Preservation Review Board for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places: RUSHMER BUILDING, 2434 WASHINGTON BLVD, OGDEN COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL PROPERTIES OF OGDEN, UTAH, 1845–1975, MPDF The National Register of Historic Places is the federal government's official list of historic properties worthy of preservation. Listing on the National Register provides recognition and assists in preserving our Nation's heritage. Listing of a property provides recognition of its historic significance and assures protective review of federal projects that might adversely affect the character of the historic property. If the property is listed on the National Register, tax credits for rehabilitation and other beneficial provisions may apply. Listing in the National Register does not place limitations on the property by the federal or state government. Public visitation rights are not required of owners. The government will not attach restrictive covenants to the property or seek to acquire them. One of your responsibilities as a Certified Local Government (CLG) is to review pending National Register nominations of properties within your community. This is required, in part, to detect any errors in fact, but also to provide local insight or knowledge concerning the property. Please have your historic preservation commission review the enclosed draft nomination and return the enclosed review form with the appropriate signatures. We would appreciate hearing back from you prior to the board meeting. You are invited to attend the virtual State Historic Preservation Review Board meeting at which the nomination will be considered. The Board will meet on Thursday, September 16, 2021 at 12:00 PM. Join the Zoom Meeting at: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/83213353934?pwd=WjdkTXpVazhGR2pjZVUvRGhUcm1HQT09 Meeting ID: 832 1335 3934, Passcode: 001881a. Should you have any questions about this nomination before the meeting, please contact J. Cory Jensen of the Historic Preservation Office at 801/245-7242 or at [e-mail]. Sincerely, Enclosure Christopher W. Merritt, Ph.D State Historic Preservation Officer 300 S. Rio Grande Street • Salt Lake City, Utah 84101 • [phone] • facsimile [phone] • history.utah.gov Spencer J. Cox Governor Deidre M. Henderson Lieutenant Governor JillHartley Love Don Executive Director Director State Historic Preservation Officer Jill Remington Love Christopher Executive Director Merritt State Historic Preservation Officer Utah Department of Cultural and Community Engagement June 23, 2022 MAYOR MIKE CALDWELL OGDEN CITY 2549 WASHINGTON BLVD, # 210 OGDEN, UT 84401 Dear Mayor Caldwell:: We are pleased to inform you that the historic property listed below, nominated by the State Historic Preservation Review Board and the Utah State Historic Preservation Officer, was officially listed on the National Register of Historic Places by the National Park Service on June 13, 2022: RUSHMER BUILDING, 2434 WASHINGTON BLVD, OGDEN Listing on the National Register is intended to provide recognition of a property's significance. A major benefit of listing on the National Register is the availability of tax credits for qualified restoration work along with other financial incentives that are intended to encourage preservation of our historic buildings. Please contact Cory Jensen at [e-mail] if you have any questions or if we may be of assistance to you. Sincerely, Christopher W. Merritt, Ph.D. State Historic Preservation Officer 3760 South Highland Drive, Salt Lake City, Utah 84106 • history.utah.gov SPENCER J. COX Governor DEIDRE M. HENDERSON Lieutenant Governor Jennifer Ortiz Director Utah Division of State History July 20, 2021 Jill Remington Love Executive Director Department of Heritage & Arts MAYOR ERIN MENDENHALL OGDEN CITY 2549 WASHINGTON BLVD, # 210 OGDEN, UT 84401 Dear Mayor Caldwell: We are pleased to inform you that the historic property and the Multiple Property Documentation Form (MPDF) listed below will be considered by the State Historic Preservation Review Board for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places: RUSHMER BUILDING, 2434 WASHINGTON BLVD, OGDEN COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL PROPERTIES OF OGDEN, UTAH, 1845–1975, MPDF The National Register of Historic Places is the federal government's official list of historic properties worthy of preservation. Listing on the National Register provides recognition and assists in preserving our Nation's heritage. Listing of a property provides recognition of its historic significance and assures protective review of federal projects that might adversely affect the character of the historic property. If the property is listed on the National Register, tax credits for rehabilitation and other beneficial provisions may apply. Listing in the National Register does not place limitations on the property by the federal or state government. Public visitation rights are not required of owners. The government will not attach restrictive covenants to the property or seek to acquire them. Enclosed please find a notice that explains, in greater detail, the results of listing in the National Register. It also describes the rights and procedures by which an owner may comment on or object to listing on the National Register. You are invited to attend the virtual State Historic Preservation Review Board meeting at which the nomination will be considered. The Board will meet on Thursday, September 16, 2021 at 12:00 PM. Join the Zoom Meeting at: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/83213353934?pwd=WjdkTXpVazhGR2pjZVUvRGhUcm1HQT09 Meeting ID: 832 1335 3934, Passcode: 001881a. Should you have any questions about this nomination before the meeting, please contact J. Cory Jensen of the Historic Preservation Office at 801/245-7242 or at [e-mail]. Sincerely, Enclosure Christopher W. Merritt, Ph.D State Historic Preservation Officer 300 S. Rio Grande Street • Salt Lake City, Utah 84101 • [phone] • facsimile [phone] • history.utah.gov SPENCER J. COX Governor DEIDRE M. HENDERSON Lieutenant Governor Jennifer Ortiz Director Utah Division of State History September 16, 2021 Jill Remington Love Executive Director Department of Cultural and Community Engagement JAMES & MARY ANN JACOBS 2756 BUCHANAN AVE OGDEN, UT 84403 Dear James & Mary Ann: We are pleased to report that the following property has been approved by the Utah State Historic Preservation Review Board for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places: RUSHMER BUILDING, 2434 WASHINGTON BLVD, OGDEN Within the next few weeks, we will submit the nomination and documentation to the National Register office in Washington, DC, for final approval. This review typically occurs within six to eight weeks. If you have any questions or concerns about this National Register nomination, please contact Cory Jensen of the Historic Preservation Office at 801/245-7242 or at [e-mail]. We appreciate your interest in and support of historic sites in Utah. Sincerely, Christopher W. Merritt, Ph.D. State Historic Preservation Officer 3760 South Highland Drive • Salt Lake City, Utah 84106 • history.utah.gov Spencer J. Cox Governor Deidre M. Henderson Lieutenant Governor JillHartley Love Don Executive Director Director State Historic Preservation Officer Jill Remington Love Christopher Executive Director Merritt State Historic Preservation Officer Utah Department of Cultural and Community Engagement June 23, 2022 JAMES & MARY ANN JACOBS 2756 BUCHANAN AVE OGDEN, UT 84403 Dear James and Mary Ann: It is my distinct pleasure to inform you that the historic property listed below, nominated by the State Historic Preservation Review Board and the Utah State Historic Preservation Officer, was officially listed on the National Register of Historic Places by the National Park Service on June 13, 2022: RUSHMER BUILDING, 2434 WASHINGTON BLVD, OGDEN Listing on the National Register is intended to encourage preservation as well as provide recognition of a property's significance. A major benefit of listing on the National Register is the availability of tax credits for qualified restoration work (see attached fact sheets). We would be pleased to assist you with the application process should you wish to apply. Also, we would invite you to become a member of the Utah State Historical Society and enjoy the benefits of the various activities and publications the membership has to offer. For more information, go to this website, http://store.nexternal.com/dha/utah-state-historical-societymemberships-c15.aspx Please contact Cory Jensen at [e-mail] if you have any questions or if we may be of assistance to you. Sincerely, Christopher W. Merritt, Ph.D. State Historic Preservation Officer 3760 South Highland Drive, Salt Lake City, Utah 84106 • history.utah.gov Federal Historic Building Rehabilitation Tax Credit http://history.utah.gov/preservation/financial-incentives/ https://www.nps.gov/tps/tax-incentives.htm What is the Federal Historic Building Rehabilitation Tax Credit? A 20 percent non-refundable federal income tax credit for the rehabilitation of historic buildings that are used as incomeproducing properties, including commercial or residential rental use. Twenty percent of all qualified rehabilitation costs may be deducted from taxes owed on your federal income or corporate franchise tax. Example: $75,000 in qualified rehabilitation costs = $15,000 federal income tax credit (not just a deduction) Does my building qualify? Buildings listed in the National Register of Historic Places, which, after rehabilitation, are used as a business or other income-producing purpose qualify. The building does not need to be listed in the National Register at the beginning of the project, but a preliminary determination of significance must be issued by the National Park Service (NPS) prior to project approval and a complete National Register nomination must be submitted in a timely manner. Staff of the State Historic Preservation Office can evaluate the eligibility of your building and provide instructions on nomination requirements. What rehabilitation work qualifies? The work may include interior and/or exterior repair, rehabilitation or restoration, including historic, decorative, and structural elements as well as mechanical systems. All of the proposed, on-going or completed work must meet the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation (Standards) and be approved by the National Park Service (NPS). Depending on the historic conditions and the specifics of the proposed rehab work, some examples of eligible work items include: • • • • • • • • repairing/upgrading windows repointing masonry repairing or replacing roofs new floor and wall coverings painting walls, trim, etc. refinishing floors, handrails, etc. electrical updates new furnace, A/C, boiler, etc. • architectural, engineering & permit fees • plumbing repairs and fixtures • reconstructing historic porches • reversing incompatible remodels • compatible new kitchens & baths before (top) and after (bottom) What work does not qualify? • • purchase price of building new additions • purchase and installation of • moveable furnishings or equipment (window coverings, refrigerators, etc.) site work (landscaping, sidewalks fences, driveways, etc.) The National Park Service requires that you work through us (the State Historic Preservation Office, or SHPO) on your application. You should submit the first two sections of the NPS’s three-part application to us as early as possible. Photographs showing all areas of work (interior and exterior) prior to the beginning of the rehabilitation and any construction drawings or other technical information necessary to completely understand the proposed project are also required as part of the application. Utah State Historic Preservation Office, Utah Division of State History, 300 Rio Grande, Salt Lake City, UT 84101-1182 Phone [phone] It is strongly recommended that the application be submitted before starting work to ensure that it meets the Standards. Any work begun without prior NPS approval is done at the owner’s own risk. Once work is underway, changes to bring the project into conformance with the Standards can be difficult, expensive, or occasionally impossible to make. How much money must I spend to qualify? The rehabilitation expenditures must exceed the greater of either the “adjusted basis” of the building or $5,000. “Adjusted basis” is the purchase price minus the value of the land, minus any depreciation already taken by the current owner of the building, plus any capital improvements. Example 1 (long-time ownership): Example 2 (a recent purchase): $130,000 (purchase price) – $70,000 (depreciation) – $33,000 (land) + $15,000 (capital improvements) = $42,000 (adjusted basis) $130,000 (purchase price) – $33,000 (land) = $97,000 (adjusted basis) Rehabilitation expenses must exceed the adjusted basis ($42,000). Rehabilitation expenses must exceed the adjusted basis ($97,000). The project must be completed within 24 months. Phased projects are allowed under certain conditions and extend the amount of time a project has to be completed to 60 months. Fees are charged by the NPS to process parts of the federal historic rehabilitation tax credit application, except for projects under $80,000. For more information on the fee structure, see: https://www.nps.gov/tps/tax-incentives/app-process/fees.htm Are there any restrictions placed on my building? All work done to the building during the rehabilitation project, and for five years following the certification of the project, must meet the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation. Unapproved changes within that five year postproject period could result in recapture of the tax credit by the IRS. Similarly, you must keep the building for at least five years from the date you complete the project. The tax credit recapture amount ranges from 100% if the building is sold within the first year, to 20% if it is sold within the fifth year. For more information or application instructions contact: Amber Anderson ([e-mail] or 801/245-7277) Utah State Historic Preservation Office Utah Division of State History 300 S. Rio Grande Street Salt Lake City, Utah 84101-1182 Additional local preservation requirements may also apply. Contact your city or county government for more information. For tax-related questions, see: *https://www.irs.gov/businesses/small-businesses-self-employed/taxaspects-of-the-historic-preservation-tax-incentives-faqs *https://www.nps.gov/tps/tax-incentives/before-apply/qualifiedexpenses.htm before (top) and after (bottom) For a list of preservation contractors see Preservation Utah’s Directory: *https://preservationutah.org/resources/tools-for-property-owners/ut-preservation-directory The Utah Historic Preservation Tax Credit (updated 4/18) What is the Utah Historic Preservation Tax Credit? A 20 percent non-refundable state income tax credit for the rehabilitation of historic buildings that are used as owneroccupied residences or residential rentals. Twenty percent of all qualified rehabilitation costs may be deducted from taxes owed on your Utah income or corporate franchise tax. Example: $22,000 in qualified rehabilitation costs = $4,400 state income tax credit Does my building qualify? Buildings listed in the National Register of Historic Places, which, after rehabilitation, are used as a residence(s) qualify. The credit is not available for any property used for commercial purposes including hotels or bed-andbreakfasts. (If the historic B&B is also owner-occupied, this portion of the rehabilitation may qualify.) The building does not need to be listed in the National Register at the beginning of the project, but a complete National Register nomination must be submitted when the project is finished. The property must be listed in the National Register within three years of the approval of the completed project. Staff of the Historic Preservation Office can evaluate the eligibility of your building and provide instructions on nomination requirements. What rehabilitation work qualifies? The work may include interior and/or exterior repair, rehabilitation or restoration, including historic, decorative, and structural elements as well as mechanical systems. All of the proposed, on-going or completed work must meet the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation (Standards) and be approved by the State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO). Depending on the historic conditions and the specifics of the proposed rehab work, some examples of eligible work items include: < < < < repairing/upgrading windows repointing masonry repairing or replacing roofs new floor and wall coverings < < < < painting walls, trim, etc. refinishing floors, handrails, etc. new furnace, A/C, boiler, etc. electrical upgrades < < < < plumbing repairs and fixtures reconstructing historic porches compatible new kitchens & baths reversing incompatible remodels Necessary architectural, engineering, and permit fees may also be included. The purchase price of the building, site work (landscaping, sidewalks, fences, driveways, etc.), new additions, work on outbuildings, and the purchase and installation of moveable furnishings or equipment (window coverings, refrigerators, etc.) do not qualify for the credit. All of the work must meet the Standards or the tax credit cannot be taken on any portion of the work. A complete application should be submitted to the SHPO as early as possible. The state law requires application and approval by the SHPO prior to completion of the project. It is strongly recommended the application be submitted before starting work. Any work begun without prior SHPO approval is done at the owner's own risk. Once work is underway, changes to bring the project into conformance with the Standards can be difficult, expensive or occasionally impossible to make. Photographs showing all areas of work (interior and exterior) prior to the beginning of the rehabilitation and any construction drawings or other technical information necessary to completely understand the proposed project are also required as part of the application. Utah State Historic Preservation Office, Utah Division of State History, 300 Rio Grande, Salt Lake City, UT 84101-1182 Phone [phone] How much money must I spend to qualify? Total rehabilitation expenditures must exceed $10,000. (The tax credit applies equally to this first $10,000.) The purchase price of the building and any donated labor cannot be included. The project must be completed within 36 months. (There is no limit to subsequent $10,000+ projects; separate applications are required.) When can I claim the credit? The credit may be taken for the tax year in which the project was completed and the SHPO approves the rehabilitation work (and a National Register nomination, if needed). A unique certification number will be issued to the owner at that time. Credit amounts greater than the amount of tax due in that year may be carried forward up to five years. Are there any restrictions placed on my building? All work done to the building during the rehabilitation project, and for three years following the certification of the project, must meet the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation. Please consult with the State Historic Preservation Office if you have any questions. What if I already have approval from my local Landmarks Commission? The local review process will be helpful to tax credit application process but state law requires application to the State Historic Preservation Office. Local preservation commissions sometimes have different requirements and other considerations than the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation. To qualify for the state tax credit, all of the work must meet the Standards and receive state approval. How do I claim the tax credit? The original completed and signed form TC-40H, Historic Preservation Tax Credit, must be attached to your initial state income tax return. This form will be provided by the SHPO when the completed project is approved. If you carryforward any excess tax credit, you must attach a copy of the original TC-40H form, with the new carryforward amount, to your subsequent tax return(s). Carryforward amounts must be applied against tax due before the application of any historic preservation tax credits earned in the current year and on a first-earned, first-used basis. Please consult with the State Tax Commission if you have any questions. Original records supporting the credit claimed must be maintained for three years following the date the return was filed claiming the credit. For more information or a state tax credit application contact: Amber Anderson ([e-mail] or 801/245-7277) Utah State Historic Preservation Office Utah Division of State History 300 Rio Grande Street Salt Lake City, Utah 84101-1182 Additional local preservation requirements may also apply. Contact your city or county government for more information: Salt Lake City Landmark Commission 801/535-7757 or www.slcgov.com/ced/hlc Park City Planning Department 435/615-5060 Ogden Planning Department 801/629-8930 (We can provide other local preservation contacts.) For tax-related questions contact: Lynn Solarczyk at 801/297-3869 Utah State Tax Commission For information on low-interest preservation loans contact: Preservation Utah at 801/533-0858 For information on Low-Income Housing Tax Credits (for developers) or low-interest, First Time Home Buyer programs contact: Utah Housing Finance Agency at 801/323-2603 or www.uhfa.org Revised 4/29/2018 SPENCER J. COX Governor DEIDRE M. HENDERSON Lieutenant Governor Jennifer Ortiz Director Utah Division of State History July 20, 2021 Jill Remington Love Executive Director Department of Heritage & Arts JAMES & MARY ANN JACOBS 2756 BUCHANAN AVE OGDEN, UT 84403 Dear James & Mary Ann: We are pleased to inform you that the historic property listed below will be considered by the State Historic Preservation Review Board for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places: RUSHMER BUILDING, 2434 WASHINGTON BLVD, OGDEN The National Register of Historic Places is the federal government's official list of historic properties worthy of preservation. Listing on the National Register provides recognition and assists in preserving our Nation's heritage. Listing of a property provides recognition of its historic significance and assures protective review of federal projects that might adversely affect the character of the historic property. If the property is listed on the National Register, tax credits for rehabilitation and other beneficial provisions may apply. Listing on the National Register does not place limitations on the property by the federal or state government. Public visitation rights are not required of owners. The government will not attach restrictive covenants to the property or seek to acquire them. Enclosed please find a notice that explains, in greater detail, the results of listing on the National Register. It also describes the rights and procedures by which an owner may comment on or object to listing on the National Register. You are invited to attend the virtual State Historic Preservation Review Board meeting at which the nomination will be considered. The Board will meet on Thursday, September 16, 2021 at 12:00 PM. Join the Zoom Meeting at: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/83213353934?pwd=WjdkTXpVazhGR2pjZVUvRGhUcm1HQT09 Meeting ID: 832 1335 3934, Passcode: 001881a. Should you have any questions about this nomination before the meeting, please contact J. Cory Jensen of the Historic Preservation Office at 801/245-7242 or at [e-mail]. Sincerely, Enclosure Christopher W. Merritt, Ph.D State Historic Preservation Officer 300 S. Rio Grande Street • Salt Lake City, Utah 84101 • [phone] • facsimile [phone] • history.utah.gov Jill Hartley Love Don Executive Director Director State Historic Preservation Officer Jill Remington Love Christopher Executive Director Merritt State Historic Preservation Officer Utah Department of Cultural Spencer J. Cox Governor Deidre M. Henderson Lieutenant Governor and Community Engagement May 11, 2022 TO: Ms. Joy Beasley National Register of Historic Places Mail Stop 7228 1849 C St, NW Washington, D.C. 20240 FROM: Cory Jensen, National Register Coordinator, Utah State Historic Preservation Office RE: Rushmer Building, National Register Nomination Ms. Beasley, The submission contains a signed true and correct copy of the National Register of Historic Places nomination form for the Rushmer Building, Ogden, Weber County. Photographs are embedded in the nomination form and TIF image files will be submitted, along with any required full sets of documents once normal submission procedures continue. Should you have any questions, please contact me at [e-mail]. Thank you, J. Cory Jensen Enclosures: 1 NRHP nomination form with attached physical signature page Digital images (TIF image files will be submitted at a later date) 1 Physical transmission letter Physical Signature Page, with original signature 1 Other: Return comments pages Comments: X Please ensure that this nomination receives substantive review Property owners Property owners who object MPS/MPDF Cover name: NPS Grant Fund: Other: This nomination was returned with comments for substantive revision. 3760 South Highland Drive, Salt Lake City, Utah 84106 • history.utah.gov The Ogden Standard (Ogden, Utah) https ://www.news papers .com/image/304904502 Copyright © 2021 News papers .com. All Rights Res erved. · Sat, Oct 26, 1901 · Page 3 Downloaded on Jun 2, 2021 The Ogden Standard-Examiner (Ogden, Utah) https ://www.news papers .com/image/23664310 Copyright © 2021 News papers .com. 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All Rights Res erved. · Mon, May 30, 1960 · Page 13 Downloaded on Jun 18, 2021 2434‐2436 Washington Boulevard Ogden, Weber County, Utah Transaction Filed Transaction Recorded Grantor (Seller) Title Search Grantee (Buyer) Type of Transaction Parcel No.: 010220022 Dollar Amount Part of Lot 6, Block 26, Plat A, Ogden City Survey. Commencing at a point 16 rods (264 feet) and 0.32 feet, more or less, South from the Northwest corner of said Bock 26, at the center of the South wall of the Patterson Block, and running thence South 22.25 feet, more or less, to the cener of the South brick wall of the James L. Dee Building; thence East 132 feet; thence North 22.25 feet, more or less, to a point due East of the place of beginning; thence West 132 feet to the place of beginning John T. Rushmer Turst with H. Earl Rushmer and Mary R. Rose James Jacobs and Mary Ann Jacobs as joint tenants Warranty Deed 4/6/1993 Trustees JDr. H. Earl Rushmer and Key Trust Co. of the West, Successor in John T. Rushmer Trust, with H. Earl Interest to Key Bank of Utah Rushmer and Mary P. Rose, Co‐ (formerly known as Commercial Trustees 8/18/1992 Security Bank) Quit Claim Deed Description 10 (same as above) 12/31/1921 1/11/1922 David Eccles Company John T. Rushmer Warranty Deed 11,125 Beg 16 rods +/‐ 32 ft S of NW cor Blk 26 ‐ S 22.25 ft. E 132 ft. N 22.25 ft to point E of beg. W 321 ft to beg. Together with rights and privileges and subject to obligations certain agreement 12/31/1921 1/11/1922 Eccles Investment Company John T. Rushmer Warranty Deed 4,450 (same as above) 12/24/1921 1/11/1922 Adam Patterson et al. John T. Rushmer Warranty Deed 15,575 1/16/1902 Adam Patterson and David Eccles Boyle Furniture Company Lease (same as above) Leases 2nd Floor of Bldg. No. 2434 Wash Ave from Sept 1, 1901 to Aug 31, 1907 10/21/1901 10/25/1901 J. Stanley Dee and Rosella Dee Adam Patterson and David Eccles Warranty Deed 5,000 Beg 16 rods S of NW cor Blk 26 ‐ S 22.57 ft. to cor of Brick Wall of James L. Dee E 132 ft. N 22.57 ft to point due E of beg. W 132 ft to beg. With other 10/25/1901 10/25/1901 Jas L. Dee deceased by court J. Stanley Dee Decree of Deed (same as above) 10/25/1901 10/25/1901 Jas L. Dee by court J. Stanley Dee et. al. Decree of Deed (same as above) Decree of Deed Quit Claim Deed 7,800 (same as above) 5/11/1901 10/25/1901 In the Estate of Jas L. Dee deceased J. Stanley Dee et. al. 3/26/1900 Edward W. Dee and wife Mabel R. J. Stanley Dee (same as above)