Book Review

Journal of Neuro- Ophthalmology 14( 2): U8- 121, 1994. © 1994 Raven Press, Ltd., New York Book Reviews Cosmetic Oculoplastic Surgery, 2nd edition by Allen M. Putterman, Philadelphia: W. B. Saun­ders, 1993, 412 pp, $ 95.00. This new edition is an updated, comprehensive textbook that thoroughly covers cosmetic eyelid and eyebrow surgery. In addition to Dr. Putter-man, there are 24 contributors. All illustrations were prepared by a single medical illustrator. The main topic of this book is cosmetic blepharo-plasty and 12 of the 27 chapters deal with specific aspects of blepharoplasty surgery. In addition to detailed descriptions of standard blepharoplasty techniques, there are chapters on Asian blepharo­plasty, upper lid blepharoplasty with ptosis repair, and lower lid blepharoplasty with the lateral tarsal strip procedure. Newer techniques such as inter­nal browplasty and browlift, as well as transcon­junctival lower lid blepharoplasty are also thor­oughly presented. Other blepharoplasty- related chapters include patient selection, blepharoplasty complications, eyelid chemical peel techniques, blepharopigmen-tation, and standard techniques for browlift sur­gery. The main value of this text is in its concise, well-illustrated presentation of surgical techniques. The easily read individual chapters could be quickly reviewed by experienced surgeons, yet have am­ple " step- by- step" detail from which a beginning surgeon would greatly benefit. The recommended surgical procedures in this book reflect the exten­sive experience of Dr. Putterman and the contrib­uting chapter authors. Chapters not commonly found in other texts in­clude psychiatric issues relevant to cosmetic ble­pharoplasty, the use of eyelid cosmetics, and a re­view of the history of cosmetic oculoplastic sur­gery. In summary, the second edition of Cosmetic Oculoplastic Surgery is the most comprehensive textbook available to date regarding cosmetic as­pects of eyelid and eyebrow surgery. This book is highly recommended for its clear, detailed presen­tation of cosmetic surgical techniques and related topics. Myron Tanenbaum, M. D., F. A. C. S. Bascom Palmer Eye Institute Miami, Florida Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery: Prevention and Man­agement of Complications, by Richard K. Dortz-bach. Raven Press, New York, 1994, 429 pp, 649 illus. ( 435 in color), $ 185.00. This textbook of ophthalmic plastic surgery is devoted to the prevention of complications, as well as the management of complications after they have occurred. Despite the multiple authors in­volved- there are 26 contributors- the book main­tains a high degree of consistency in style and pre­sentation. All of the hand- drawn illustrations rep­resent the work of a single medical illustrator. The 22 chapters of this book cover the broad discipline of ophthalmic plastic surgery and in­clude three chapters on the lacrimal system ( pedi­atric lacrimal disorders, lacrimal trauma, and dacryocystorhinostomy and conjunctivodacryo-cystorhinostomy), three chpaters on orbital frac­tures ( orbital floor fractures, medial orbital wall fractures, midfacial fractures), three chapters on thyroid eye disease ( orbital decompression, stra­bismus, eyelid retraction), one chapter on orbital surgery and diseases, one chapter on enucleation-evisceration- exenteration, and one chapter on anophthalmic socket reconstruction. There are seven chapters dealing with eyelid surgery, in­cluding entropion, ectropion, ptosis, blepharo­plasty, eyelid reconstruction, blepharospasm, and eyelid trauma. Finally, there is one chapter on each of the following subjects: anatomy, pathology and handling of tissue specimens, and neuroradiologic imaging techniques ( CT scans, and MRI). Most ophthalmic plastic surgery textbooks greatly embellish details of the surgical proce­dures, with the discussion of surgical complica­tions typically being brief. The chapters in this book do just the opposite, for example, the chapter on blepharoptosis allows 5 to 6 pages to discuss ptosis surgical techniques, and devotes nearly 20 pages to ptosis complication, including how to avoid them, and how to deal with them when they occur. The chapters entitled " Entropion, Trichia­sis, and Distichiasis," " Ectropion and Lagophthal-mos," and " Socket Reconstruction" are similarly packed full of useful surgical procedures and " pearls" regarding the management of a broad range of complications and problems. A few of the chapters, such as " Blepharoplasty and Brow Ele- BOOK REVIEWS 119 vation," " Dacryocystorhinostomy and Conjunc-tivorhinostomy," and " Enucleation, Evisceration, and Exenteration" are made up entirely of the complications. These chapters, which lack a de­scription of the basic surgical techniques, do list ample references for the interested reader. This textbook includes descriptions of the bulk of the most commonly performed procedures in ophthalmic plastic surgery. The descriptions of the surgical techniques are full of numerous surgical pearls as to how to avoid problems. The medical illustrations throughout the book are excellent, and the rich, clear color photographs used to dem­onstrate diseases and surgical complications throughout the book are of outstanding quality. Ample CT scans and MR images are used in the chapters dealing with orbital fractures, orbital dis­eases and surgery, and thyroid eye disease and orbital decompression. From a practical standpoint, this book addresses virtually all of the common problems faced in oph­thalmic plastic surgery: How to control bleeding in dacryocystorhinostomy? What to do for entropion recurrence? How to revise ptosis under- and over­corrections? How to treat an extruding enucleation implant? What to do for lower lid malposition fol­lowing blepharoplasty? In addition to these very commonly encountered problems and complica­tions, this book has gathered together many of the lesser- seen complications related to eyelid trauma; lid reconstruction problems; orbital fracture repair complications ( for example, dacryocystitis follow­ing migration of an orbital floor implant); and eye­lid repair wound dehiscence in a variety of entro­pion repair, ectropion repair, and reconstructed eyelid cases. This text is quite up to date in its inclusion of several of the more recently emerging procedures to gain emphasis in ophthalmic jour­nals, including hydroxyapatite implants in enucle­ation, endoscopic ( endonasal) laser- assisted dac­ryocystorhinostomy, and the uses of titanium/ vitallium alloplastic implants for orbital fracture re­pair with rigid internal fixation. The chapter " Thyroid Eye Disease- Strabis­mus" is excellent, and has a more authoritative discussion than is commonly included in ophthal­mic plastic surgery texts. It is, however, the only chapter in which the illustrations are shown from the " surgeon's view" ( i. e., upside- down)- this format does depart from the style of the other chapters, and is somewhat disorienting relative to a right side- up intraoperative photograph shown along with the upside- down illustrations. In summary, this textbook, under Dr. Dortz-bach's guidance, represents the best, most com­plete, and most up- to- date textbook dealing with complications of the eyelids, orbit, and lacrimal system. This superb book occupies a unique niche in that no other text has gathered such a large amount of material related to complications, nor has any other text so adeptly addressed the means to avoid and/ or treat complications in ophthalmic plastic surgery. Myron Tanenbaum, M. D. Bascom Palmer Eye Institute Miami, Florida Atlas of Eyelid Surgery, by Gary E. Borodic and Daniel J. Townsend. W. B. Saunders, Philadel­phia, 1994, 149 pp, 378 Illus. ( 238 in color), $ 95.00. The stated purpose of this atlas is to provide the inexperienced ophthalmologist with a review of basic eyelid surgical procedures, with the use of intraoperative color photographs and black and white illustrations. The eight chapters of the book are ( 1) Surgical Anatomy, ( 2) Tarsorrhaphy and Gold Weight Implantation, ( 3) Eyelid Retraction ( Graves' Disease), ( 4) Eyelid Reconstruction, ( 5) Ptosis, ( 6) Blepharoplasty, ( 7) Eyelid Malpositions, and ( 8) Blepharospasm. In general, the descriptive test is quite good. It reflects the substantial experience of the authors and includes lots of " pearls" to enrich the descrip­tion of the surgical techniques. The authors have intended for the color intraoperative photographs to give the inexperienced surgeon an " in- the-flesh" exposure to oculoplastic surgery. In my opinion, however, the photographs are of uneven quality; many of them are either lacking in suffi­cient clarity or would require significant expertise on the part of the reader to be meaningfully inter­preted. While there are certainly many very good color photographs in this atlas ( for example, gold weight implantation technique, entropion repair and ectropion repair), other illustrations are less than optimal ( for example, ptosis surgery, includ­ing fasanella- servat procedure and other ptosis surgeries, and some of the eyelid reconstructive techniques and lid retraction repair techniques for Graves' disease). Many of the color photographs, however, have accompanying line drawings to as­sist the reader in interpreting the photographs. The intention of this atlas is to cover the basic, most commonly performed eyelid surgical proce­dures. Although the atlas includes most of the im- / Neuro- Ophthalmol, Vol. 14, No. 2, 1994 220 BOOK REVIEWS portant lid procedures, it would have been helpful in certain instances to include a few more refer­ences and/ or illustrations for the interested reader: for example, the chapter on blepharoplasty men­tions the transconjunctival lower lid blepharo­plasty technique, but there are no illustrations nor references; the section on entropion repair lists ba­sic midlid and lateral canthal tightening tech­niques, yet does not present nor reference a spe­cific lower lid retractor reattachment technique procedure. In the section on Graves' disease- on the management of eyelid retraction, which lists surgical references ranging from 1959 through 1976- it would have been helpful to acknowledge and include some of the updated techniques re­garding eyelid retraction repair ( upper and lower lid techniques), and the use of autogenous tissue grafts as spacer material that have been promoted in the ophthalmologic literature over the past sev­eral years. The ptosis repair via frontalis muscle sling does not present a direct open tarsal fixation technique with reformation of the upper lid crease incision line- yet another more recently promoted technique over the past several years. Overall, this atlas contains much good material, but at times the techniques presented and the color photographs are uneven in quality and/ or difficult to interpret. The concept of the book is very useful, and I would look forward to continued improve­ments and updates in a second edition. Myron Tanenbaum, M. D. Bascom Palmer Eye Institute Miami, Florida International Ophthalmology Clinics: Advances in Ophthalmic Genetics and Heritable Eye Dis­eases, edited by Frederick A. Jakobiec and Jef­frey C. Lamkin. Little, Brown, Boston, 1993, 289 pp, $ 39.00. The Spring 1993 issue of International Ophthal­mology Clinics is an excellent overview and up­date of recent advances in ophthalmic genetics and heritable eye diseases. The book begins with an overview by Dr. Jakobiec whose description of the collection of papers as " capacious and scholarly" is quite appropriate. All of the chapters emphasize the importance of ophthalmic molecular genetics and its significant role in decades to come. The book begins with an extensive introduction to molecular genetics pertaining to ocular disease. Recent advances in genetic diagnosis are intro­duced based on identification of specific DNA mu­tations and DNA markers. Genetic influences on corneal endothelial disorders are well described, with special attention given to hereditary endothe­lial dystrophies. An interesting perspective on the role of genotypical analysis of orbital lymphoid tu­mors is presented as a means of recognizing tumor recurrence or a second primary lesion. The genet­ics of retinoblastoma is well reviewed with special attention to the usefulness of DNA sequence poly­morphisms and polymerase chain reactions in di­agnosis. Other tumors discussed in a subsequent chapter include an in- depth review of cytogenetics and HLA- typing of uveal melanomas. Further­more, the association of Wilm's tumor and aniridia is covered well by David Walton. Other topics discussed include the immunoge-netics of atopic ocular disease, by the expert Stephen Foster. As we would expect, the inheri­tance of glaucoma, childhood glaucomas, and cor-ticosteroid- induced glaucomas are discussed bril­liantly by the Massachusetts Eye and Ear glaucoma group. From a neuro- ophthalmologic perspective, the authors review the complicated genetics of color vision as well as the inheritance of Leber's optic neuropathy and details regarding mtDNA mutations. The latter part of the book is devoted to the retina, with special attention given to the in­heritance of juvenile retinoschisis, retinitis pig­mentosa, familial vitreoretinopathy, and Sticker's syndrome. The final two chapters address the issues of a genetic basis for keratoconus and topographical analysis of this condition. Thus, this issue of Advances in Ophthalmic Genet­ics and Heritable Eye Diseases is a comprehensive review of a wide spectrum of ophthalmologic dis­orders and their genetic bases. There could not have been a better set of authors to write such an informative book. Any advancement in ophthal­mology in the next few decades will be dependent on our further understanding of genetics and in­heritance. Hence this book is an invaluable re­source. I recommend it highly! Sreedhar V. Potarazu, M. D. Bascom Palmer Eye Institute Miami, Florida Atlas of Intraocular Tumors, by George E. San­born, John R. Gonder, and Jerry A. Shields. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1994, 314 pp, $ 160.00. Tumors of the eye can at times be quite difficult to diagnose accurately, even with the employment of ancillary tests. Pattern recognition of lesions is / Neuro- Ophthalmol, Vol. 14. No. 2, 1994 BOOK REVIEWS 111 of the utmost importance in ophthalmology. The authors have created a masterful collection of high-quality color photographs of various intraocular tumors and lesions that simulate these tumors. Fluorescein angiograms, ultrasonograms, and computed tomograms are incorporated into the text. A short description of the pertinent history and clinical findings accompanies each illustration. The authors rarely mention classification schemes ( i. e., regression patterns of retinoblastoma and types of arteriovenous communications) and do not dwell on the histopathology of ocular tumors. The treatment of different tumors is discussed only very briefly, and certainly not in every example. The atlas is divided into eight chapters, includ­ing the iris, ciliary body, retina, choroid, optic disc, retinal pigment epithelium, vitreous, and sclera. There are no other atlases currently available that contain such fine color illustrations of ocular tu­mors. I believe the atlas will serve as an excellent resource for the general ophthalmologist or sub-specialist, as well as for the resident- in- training. It is rather expensive because of the numerous color illustrations, but well worth the investment. Robert H. Rosa, Jr., M. D. University of Miami School of Medicine Bascom Palmer Eye Institute Miami, Florida / Neuro- Ophthalmol, Vol. 14, No. 2, 1994