Direct-Indirect Ophthalmoscopy (DIO)

Funduscopic exam is a primary diagnostic tool used by ophthalmologists for optic nerve and retinal disorders. However, it is also a useful skill for primary care providers, neurologists, endocrinologists, emergency room providers and other medical specialists since optic nerve or retinal changes may be associated with many systemic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and elevated intracranial pressure. Many non-ophthalmologists have difficulty developing their skills at direct ophthalmoscopy. Further, during the pandemic, most non-ophthalmologists and ophthalmologists may prefer to avoid the physical proximity of a direct fundus examination. We propose a novel new technique of indirect ophthalmoscopy with use of direct ophthalmoscope and +13 diopter hand-held lens.