Geology and ground-water resources of Ogden Valley, Utah

Ogden Valley, in Weber County, is a fault trough or graben. It is known as one of the "back valleys" of the Wasatch Range. Consolidated rocks of pre-Tertiary age, unconsolidated and poorly consolidated rocks of Tertiary age, and unconsolidated rocks of Quaternary age constitute the rocks of Ogden Valley and its watershed. The pre-Tertiary rocks are exposed in the mountains surrounding the valley. These rocks range in age from Precambrian to late Paleozoic. Several stratigraphic gaps exclude the rocks of Ordovician, Silurian, much of the Devonian, and the Permian systems from the area. The pre- Tertiary rocks are not very significant as water bearers in the area. The Tertiary rocks include Knight Formation, Norwood Tuff, and upper Pliocene (?) Fanglomerate and range in age from early (?) Eocene to late Pliocene(?). Miocene rocks are missing. The Knight Formation sup¬ plies about 860 acre-feet of water annually to Bennett Spring. The Norwood Tuff has a low permeability and acts as an underlying confining bed in Ogden Valley. The upper Pliocene (?) Fanglomerate is unconsolidated and unsorted. The formation has a relatively low permeability; therefore, it will not receive much recharge from precipitation. The Quaternary rocks include more than 400 feet of unconsolidated sediments of the Pleistocene and Recent epochs deposited within the graben. The Pleistocene sediments consist of pre-Lake Bonneville and Lake Bonneville gravels, sands, silts, and clays. The Recent deposits are fan gravels, flood-plain gravel, sand, and silt, landslide deposits, and slope wash deposits. Pre-Lake Bonneville deposits include fan gravels and stream-laid deposits of gravel, sand, silt, and clay; they make up the artesian aquifer, whose waters are confined by the over¬ lying silt and clay of the Alpine Formation of Lake Bonneville age and by the relatively impermeable underlying Norwood Tuff. Overlying the Alpine Formation are the sands and gravels of the Bonneville Formation which, together with Recent sands and gravels, contain perched water bodies. In the recharge area these Bonneville and Recent deposits are hydraulically connected with the artesian and water-table aquifer. Ogden Valley is drained by three forks of Ogden River, and the flow of this river is regulated by the earth-fill dam which impounds the water of Pineview Reservoir. Recharge to the ground-water reservoirs is by seepage from waterways and irrigated lands, and infiltration of precipitation. The estimated minimum recharge in 1970 was 34,300 acre-feet. The greatest contribution to this recharge is from seepage waters from the waterways and irrigated land. Discharge from the ground-water reservoirs is by (1) wells, (2) evapotranspiration,and (3) springs. The estimated minimum discharge in 1970 was 34,000 acre-feet, of which 20,000 acre-feet was discharged by evapotranspiration. The most important causes of water-level fluctuations in the artesian wells are discharge from the wells and loading by Pineview Reservoir. Since November 1936, Pineview Reservoir has created a unique situation in Ogden Valley by adding a load on the underlying artesian aquifer. Thus, with an increase in the storage of the surface reservoir, the artesian aquifer is compressed and the water levels in the wells start to rise. An increase of about 4,800 acre-feet in the storage of Pineview Reservoir corresponds to a rise of water level in the test well, (A-6-2) 18 bab-1, of one foot. The chemical quality of the ground water in Ogden Valley is good and the water is suitable for household and irrigation purposes. The results of bacteriological analyses of water samples from ten wells indicate that the water in six wells is satisfactory, but the water in four wells around Eden may be classed as unsatisfactory for drinking purposes. The artesian aquifer in Ogden Valley probably could be developed further if the present users would be willing to accept a reduction in pres¬ sure in exchange for the additional water. The water-table aquifer probably could be developed to yield five times its present yield of 100 acre-feet per year.

GEOLOGY AND GROUNDWATER RESOURCES OF O OGDEN G EOLOGY A ND G ROUND-W ATER R E S O U R C E S OF G D E N VALLEY, UTAH bby y Vedat V edat D Doyuran oyuran t h e s i s submitted s u b m i t t e d to t o the t h e faculty f a c u l t y of of the the A thesis U n i v e r s i t y of of Utah U t a h in i n ppartial a r t i a l fulfillment f u l f i l l m e n t of h e requirements requirements University of tthe ffor o r the t h e degree d e g r e e of Doctor D o c t o r of of Philosophy Philosophy in i n Geological G e o l o g i c a l Engineering Engineering Department D e p a r t m e n t of of Geologica G e o l o g i c a ll and a n d Geophysica G e o p h y s i c a ll Sciences Sciences University U n i v e r s i t y of of Utah Utah June J u n e 1972 1972 This T h i s Disserta D i s s e r t a ttion i o n for f o r the the Doctor D o c t o r of of Philosophy P h i l o s o p h y Degree Degree by by Vedat V e d a t Doyuran Doyuran has h a s been b e e n approved approved Oct O c t oober b e r 197 1 9 71 Chairman, Supervisory Committee Supervisory S u p e r v i s o r y Committee Committee Supervisory Committee Supervisory Committee At /L Chairman C h a i r m a n ,, Major M a j o r Departme D e p a r t m e nt nt ate School PLEASE NOTE: Some p pages a g e s have h a v e small s m a l l and Fil iindistinc n d i s t i n c tt pprint. rint. F i l mmed ed as rreceived eceived. • UNIVERS ITY MICROFILMS. MICROF IL:-.IS . UNIVERSITY ACKNOWLEDGMENTS A CKNOWLEDGMENTS The w r i t e rr iis s indebted i n d e b t e d tto o D r . Harry H a r r y D .. Goode, Goode, w h o iintroduced n t r o d u c e d the the The write Dr. who s u b j e c t of ground ground w a t e r t o tthe he w r i t e r .. D u r i n g tthe h e pperiod e r i o d of of investigation investigation subject water writer During h e made m a d e many m a n y val v a l uuable a b l e ssuggestions u g g e s t i o n s and a n d constantly c o n s t a n t l y encouraged e n c o u r a g e d tthe h e writer. writer. he M r . Ted Ted A r n o w ,, District D i s t r i c t Chief C h i e f ,, Division D i v i s i o n of ater R e s o u r c e s of he Mr. Arnow of W Water Resources of t he U . SS.. Geologica G e o l o g i c a ll Survey S u r v e y ,, aand nd D a tt tthew h e w P .. N a c k o w s k i ssuggested u g g e s t e d the the U Drr . M Ma Nackowski p r o j e c t area. area. project M Glenn B u t l e r ,I D i v i s i o n of of W ater R e s o u r c e s of he Mrr .. Glenn Butler Division Water Resources of t he Geological S u r v e y ,, hhe e llpped e d tthe he w r i t e r tto o iinstall n s t a l l tthe h e water-level water-level U .. S . Geological Survey writer r e c o r d e rrs s and a n d also a l s o pprovided r o v i d e d tthe h e llong o n g -- tterm erm w a t e r - llevel evel m e a s u r e m e n t s for for recorde watermeasurements s e v e r a l obse o b s e rrvation v a t i o n wells. wells. several D r .. Harry Harry D o o d e ,. A s s o c .. Prof. Prof. E dwin C o r d q u i s t ,, D W i lliam lliam Dr D.. G Goode Assoc Edwin C.. N Nordquist Drr . Wi T . Parry, Parry, D illiam P H e w i t t ,, and and D atthew P N a c k o w s k i rread e a d and and T. Drr . W William P .. Hewitt Drr . M Matthew P.. Nackowski c o m m e n t e d oon n tthe h e tthesis h e s i s .. commented L a b o r a t o r yy ffacilities a c i l i t i e s ffor o r tthe h e determination d e t e r m i n a t i o n of of Laborator t hhe e chemical c h e m i c a l qqualit u a l i t yy of he w a t e r samples s a m p l e s aand nd m e c h a n i c a l aanalyses n a l y s e s of of soil soil of tthe water mechanical s a m p l e s were w e r e pprovided r o v i d e d bby y D r . William W i l l i a m P . Hewitt H e w i t t aand nd A s s o c . Prof. P r o f . Edwin Edwin samples Dr. Assoc. N o r d q u i s tt.. C .. Nordquis M r . Richard Richard H a n s een n ,, D e p a rrtment t m e n t of of A g r i c u l t u r e Soil S o i l ConserConser­ Mr. Hans Depa Agriculture v a t i o n Ser S e r vvice i c e iin n Ogden O g d e n ,, and and M rs. L ois A r n o w hhelped e l p e d tthe he w r i t e r t o ideniden­ vation Mrs Lois A.. A Arnow writer fy th p l a n t ss iin n Ogden O g d e n Valley V a l l e y. t iify hee plant The Utah Engineer writer wit T h e Office O f f i c e of of t hhe e U t a h State State E n g i n e e r pprovided r o v i d e d t hhe e w riter w i t hh t he he d r i l l e r s '' logs l o g s and a n d hhydrologic y d r o l o g i c dat d a t a .. T he w r i t e r also also w h e s t oo thank t h a n k the the drille The writer w ii sshes r e s i d e n t s of g d e n Valley V a l l e y ffor o r t hheir e i r ccooperation o o p e r a t i o n du d u rring i n g t hhe e field f i e l d investigations i n v e s t i g a t i o n s. residents of O Ogden T h e writer w r i t e r would w o u l d like l i k e to t o express e x p r e s s his h i s most m o s t sincere s i n c e r e appreciation a p p r e c i a t i o n ttoo The h i s wife w i f e ,. Saffe S a f f e tt., for for her h e r love l o v e and a n d devotion d e v o t i o n during d u r i n g the t h e course c o u r s e of of his h i s grad g r a d-­ his u a t e work w o r k .. She S h e helped h e l p e d him h i m during d u r i n g the t h e entire e n t i r e fie f i e lld d w o r k period p e r i o d and a n d also also uate work d e v o t eed d hher e r evenings e v e n i n g s fo f o rr tthe h e preparation p r e p a r a t i o n of of the t h e maps m a p s. devot The would T h e writ w r i t eer r w o u l d like l i k e t oo ttake a k e tthis h i s opportunity o p p o r t u n i t y to t o express e x p r e s s hhis i s grati g r a t i-­ ttude u d e t o Agency A g e n c y for f o r Internati I n t e r n a t i oonal n a l Development D e v e l o p m e n t (A ( A.. II . D f o r financia f i n a n c i al D ..)) for s u p p o r t duri d u r i nng g this t h i s pproject r o j e c t aand n d tthroug h r o u g hhout o u t all a l l hhis i s doctora d o c t o r a ll sstu t udies d i e s. support iiv v CONTENTS CONTENTS Page P age .. .. ........ .. .... .. ....... ....... iii iii .... .... ... .. .. ........................ . ix ix A CKNOWLEDGMENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ILLUSTRATIONS I LLUSTRATIONS .. ... .... ........ .. ....... ......... ..... ..... .. ABSTRACT ABSTRAC T ............................................. IN T R O D U C T IION ON .... ..... .. ....... .... .. .... .. .. ........ NTRODUCT xx i ii ii L o c a t i o n and and E x t e n t of of tt hhe e A r e aa . .. .. .. . ..... .. • ... .... . . Location Extent Are 1I P u r p o s e and and S c o p e of of tthe h e Study Study Purpose Scope 1I P r e v i o u s IInvestigations nvestigations Previous 4 TABLES ...... ..... ............... ....... .... .... T o p o g r a p h y aand nd D r a i n a g e ..... .......... ..... ........ .. Topography Drainage L a n d f o r m s ...................... .... ... ....... ... .... Landforms PHYSIOGRAPHY PHYSIOGRAPHY xx i I1 6 6 77 CLIMATE C LIMATE .... .. .. ..... ............. .. .. .. ... ... .... .. .. 10 G EOLOGY GEOLOGY ...... .. ......... ...... .... ... ..... ....... .. .. 14 ...... ........ .. ........ . ....... ... ........ R o c k s aand nd T heir W a tter-B e r - B eeari a r i nng g P r o p e r t i ees s Rocks Their Wa Properti R o c k s of r e - T e r t i aary ry A ge Rocks of PPre-Terti Age R o c k s of e r t i aary ry A g e .. . Rocks of TTerti Age R o c k s of uaternary A ge of Q Quaternary Age Rocks .. ............... .. ..... .... ... ... .. ... .. ... ........... . 15 17 20 ............... ..... 2211 ... .. ... .. .. .. .. . .. ..... 25 25 .. ........ ....... ....... ... .. 26 26 PPre r e --LLake ake B onneville D e p o s iits ts Bonneville Depos LLake ake B onneville D e ppos o s iits ts Bonneville De All ppii nne A e FForm o r m aation tion 14 vv PPage age Bonnevil B o n n e v i l lle e FFormation ormation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 27 ............. . ... . .. .. ... .. .. .. . . 28 .... ... ....... ..... ... ....... .... 29 R ecent D eposits Recent Deposits G E O L O G I C STRUCTURES GEOLOGIC STRUCTURES SURFACE- WATER RRESOURCES SURFACE-V/ATER ESOURCES ••.•• • •.••. ... ••••••• •• • . ••• . • 31 Ogden River Hunts SSouth o u t h FFork ork O gden R i v e r nnear ear H u n t s vvi i llle l e ... . . . .... .... . .. . . 31 Midd Ogden River Huntsville M i d d llee FFork ork O gden R i v e r nnear ear H untsville ......... .... ... . 3S 35 North Ogden River Eden........ .... . . ... . ... . .. N o r t h FFork ork O gden R i v e r nnear ear E den 37 .......... .. .. ... ... ..... .. .. .. .... ... ... ... . ......... 38 38 Dam Reservoir PPineview ine view D a m aand nd R eservoir Hydraulic Characteristics H ydraulic C haracteristics Changes Reservoir Capacity C h a n g e s iin n PPineview ineview R eservoir C apacity GROUND WATER RESOURCES G R O U N D --W ATER R ESOURCES .••.•.•.. • .•....•..•. • .. ••••• . Occurrence Occurrence 38 38 39 42 42 42 42 Movement M ovement ........ .......... .. ..... .. .... .. .. ..... .. 43 43 Recharge R echar ge .... .. ... .... .. ............. ..... ......... 45 Sources S o u r c e s of of Recharge R e c h a r g e . .... .. ... .. ..................... 45 45 Seepage S e e p a g e from from Waterways W a t e r w a y s and a n d Irrigated I r r i g a t e d Land L a n d .......•.. 46 Infiltration I n f i l t r a t i o n of of Precipitation P r e c i p i t a t i o n .... ............... • .... 49 49 S u b s u r f a c e Inflow I n f l o w . . ........... . . .. .... . . ... . .... . Subsurface 52 52 Discharge Discharge Wells Wells ....... .. ........ .... ........ .. .... ... .. .... .... .... ... ... ... ............ ..... ...... ... . D i s c h a r g e fro from A r t e s i a n Wells W e l l s .... ... ...... .. .. . ... Discharge m Artesian vi vi 52 52 53 53 57 57 PPage age D i s c h a r g e from o n - FFlowing lowing W e l l s .. ... .•. ...... . • .. Discharge from NNonWells 557 7 .. .... .. ... .. ...... .. .. ..... .... .. 661 1 EEvapotrans v a p o t r a n s ppiration iration Method of SStudy M e t h o d of tudy 61 61 Characteristics Associations SSpecific pecific C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s aand nd A s s o c i a t i o n s . . . . . . . .. . . . 662 2 Ree llation Water Water W a t e r --LLoving o v i n g PPlants l a n t s iin n R a t i o n tto o W a t e r SSupply upply 66 66 Consumpti Use of W Water Crops C o n s u m p t i vve e U s e of a t e r bby y C r o p s iin n Ogden Ogden Valley . . . . . .... . . . . . . .. . .... . . . . . . ... . ... .. .. . Valley 67 ..... ....... . .....•.. . . . ...... . .... .. . . .. . .. 70 Subsurface Outflow S ubsurface O u t f l o w . . ...... . . . . .... .. . . ... . ... .. . . . . • 72 Ground Water Budget of Ogden Valley G r o u n d -W ater B u d g e t of Ogden V a l l e y . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . .. 72 Fluctuations WaterW a t e r - LLeve e v e ll F luctuations .. .. .. .. ... .. . ... . .. . ... .. . .. . . 73 73 Quality Q u a l i t y of of Water W a t e r . . . .. .. .... . .. .• ..•........•. •. . • ... ... 82 82 Quality Q u a l i t y in i n Re R e lation l a t i o n tto o Use U s e ...•.• . ... . . . . . . .. . ... . . . .. . 82 82 Domes D o m e s ttic i c Use U s e .. ... . ...... . .. .. . . . . . ... ... ........ 86 86 A gricult r i c u l t ura u r a ll Use U s e ........................ . ......... Ag 88 88 I r o n Bacteria B a c t e r i a Problem P r o b l e m in i n Ogden O g d e n Valley V a l l e y .. . . .... .. . ....... Iron 90 90 Q u a l i t y in i n Relation R e l a t i o n to t o Geology G e o l o g y .. . . . . .. .. . .. .. . . . ...... Quality 94 94 Springs S prings 7 0 ... ..... .. ... ....... .. ..... 96 96 CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS .. ..... . ..... . .... . .. ..... ..... .. .. ... ... .. . 105 105 REFERENCES REFERENCES ............ .. .. .. . .. ..... .. .. ... .. ...... .. 09 1109 LOADING L O A D I N G BY BY PINEVIEW PINEVIEW RESERVOIR vii vii Page Page APPENDIX I WELLNUMBERING WELL-N U M B E R I N G SYSTEM USED U S E D IN I N UTAH ....... 113 113 APPENDIX II S E L E C T E D TERMS GLOSSARY OF SELECTED 116 116 APPENDIX III LOGS NEW WELLS L O G S OF N E W OGDEN O G D E N CITY W ELLS .. •• • • ••••••• 120 120 APPENDIX IV APPENDIX RECORDS R E C O R D S OF WELLS LOCATED LOCATED IN OGDEN O G D E N VALLEY . . 1129 29 . .. . ..•. . .. . .. ...• .. . .... . ...... . •................. .. 135 135 VITA vv iiii ii . • . ••••••••.••• . ILLUSTRATIONS ILLUSTRATIONS Page ag p Plate Plate e G e n e r a l i z e d geologic g e o l o g i c map m a p of of Ogden Ogden V a l l e y ,, Weber "Weber 1 .. Generalized Valley . ••••• • •• • •••. ••••.•••• ••• • •• .••.• • .• Pocket Pocket 2. 2 . Map M a p of of Ogden O g d e n Valley V a l l e y showing s h o w i n g contours c o n t o u r s of of tthe h e water water table in Pleistocene deposits March - April 1971 . ...... . Pocket C o u n t y ,I Utah Utah County t a b l e in P l e i s t o c e n e d e p o s i t s M a r c h - A p r i l 1971 Pocket 3 . Vegetation map of Ogden Valley, Utah ........•••..•.. Pocket 3 . V e g e t a t i o n m a p of O g d e n V a l l e y , U t a h Pocket 4. Map showing chemical quality of water in Ogden 4 . Va M alley, p s h oUtah w i n g c h••. e m .......... i c a l q u a l i t y ••• of .w.••••...•...••.•• a t e r in Ogden .• • Pocket Valley, Utah Pocket F igure Figure 1. 1 . Map M a p of of Weber W e b e r County C o u n t y , Utah, U t a h , showing s h o w i n g the t h e location location of of Ogden O g d e n Va V a lley. lley • • . • . . • . . • . • • • • . • • • • • . • • • . . . . . • • • • • 2 r e c i p i t a t i o n iin n Ogden O g d e n Valley V a l l e y ,, U t a h .. ,Record R e c o r d of of 2 .. PPrecipitation Utah s t a t i o n located l o c a t e d at at P ineview D a m . •....••••. .. .. ..• . • . station Pineview Dam 12 12 3. well, 3 . Electric E l e c t r i c logs l o g s and a n d driller's d r i l l e r ' s log l o g of of w e l l , (A ( A- -6-1 6 - 1 )) 23 caac a a - 1l,, in i n Ogden O g d e n Valley V a l l e y .......... • .. ......• . .• . •• 18 18 44 .. Grain-size G r a i n - s i z e accumulation a c c u m u l a t i o n curve c u r v e of of soil s o i l samples samples c o l l e c t e d from Ogden V a l l e y •• ..•........ •.•.. ....... collected from Ogden Valley 22 5 . Generalized G e n e r a l i z e d geologica g e o l o g i c a ll cross-section c r o s s - s e c t i o n across a c r o s s Ogden Ogden 5. V l l e y ,, extending e x t e n d i n g N 70 7 0 °0 EE from from Pineview P i n e v i e w Dam D a m ...• .. . . . . Vaa lley 24 24 6. M o n t h l y runoff r u n o f f of of South South F o r k Ogden Ogden R i v e r nnear e a r Hunts H u n t s-6. Monthly Fork River ville, Utah, water ville, U tah, w a t e r yyears e a r s 1921 1 9 2 1 - 770 0 .• • ... . ..• .••.••••• . 34 34 7 . Monthl M o n t h l yy runoff r u n o f f of of M i d d l e Fork F o r k Ogden Ogden R i v e r nea near 7. Middle River Huntsville, water H u n t s v i l l e , Utah, Utah, w a t e r years y e a r s 19641 9 6 4 - 770 0 • .• ..... ... ... . 34 34 8. Monthly River 8. M o n t h l y rrunoff u n o f f of of North N o r t h Fork F o r k Ogden Ogden R i v e r nnear e a r Eden, Eden, U t a h ,, water w a t e r years y e a r s 1964 1 9 6 4 - 770 0 Utah ........ ..... . .. ........ . 34 34 I 9 . Monthly M o n t h l y storage s t o r a g e of of Pineview Pineview R e s e r v o i r ffor o r tthe h e period period 9. Reservoir 19 1 9 37 3 7 - 770 0 ................................ .. ....... iix x 40 40 PPage age Monthly from aartesian wells for tthe 110. 0. M o n t h l y ddischarge i s c h a r g e from rtesian w e l l s for h e period period 11936-70 9 3 6 - 7 0 . ..... ... . ... .... ..... .... ... .. ..... ... ...... 60 Hydrographs of sselected wells Ogden Vaa lle 111. 1. H y d r o g r a p h s of elected w e l l s ,, iin n O gden V l l e yy,, for for tthe h e pperiod e r i o d JJuly u l y 11970-June 9 7 0 - J u n e 11971 971 76 112. 2. H y d r o g r a p h of h e ttest est w e l l , ((AA-- 66-1) - 1 ) 111 1 dcd d c d -- 1, 1, Hydrograph of tthe well, for tthe for h e pperiod e r i o d 11936 9 3 6 - 553 3 .•......•...••..•...... . . .. .•.•• 78 78 Hydrograph of tthe well, 113. 3. H y d r o g r a p h of h e ttest est w e l l , ((A A-- 66 - 1l) ) 11 cab-I, cab-1, ffor o r tthe h e pperiod e r i o d 1195 9 5 33-- 770 0 .. . ••. . •• .• ••.•• •... .•.. ..•..... 78 78 Hydrograph of tthe we 12 aad-l, 114. 4. H y d r o g r a p h of h e ttest est w e lll, l , ((A A-- 66-1 - 1 )) 12 aad-1, for h e pperiod e r i o d 11935-55 9 3 5 - 5 5 .. .. ............ . . •.• . ....... .. . fo r tthe 78 Diagram 1155 .. D i a g r a m sshowing h o w i n g rrelation e l a t i o n bbetween e t w e e n sodium-absorpti s o d i u m - a b s o r p t iononrratio a t i o aand n d cconductivity o n d u c t i v i t y of a t e r from e l l s aand n d surface surface of w water from w wells sstreams t r e a m s iin n O gden V alley, U t a h .. ..... .... . .... .... . . . . . Ogden Valley, Utah 89 Relation of w water well 1166 .. R e l a t i o n of a t e r llevel e v e l iin n tthe h e ttest est w e l l ,, (A ( A--66 - 11)) 11 ccaba b - 1I,, tto o sstorage t o r a g e iin n P ineview R e s e r v o i r ..... .. ....... Pineview Reservoir 100 100 17. R e l a t i o n of of w a t e r llevel e v e l iin n tthe h e ttest est w e l l , (A ( A- -66 - 22)) 17. Relation water well, 18 bbaba b - 1l ,, tto o storage s t o r a g e i nn P ineview R e s e r v o i r .............. Pineview Reservoir 102 102 118 8 .. W e llll - nnumbering u m b e r i n g system s y s t e m uused s e d iin n U t a h ......... • . • .. . ..... We Utah 115 115 xx TABLES Page 9 P Table Table a e 1 . Thickness T h i c k n e s s ,, description, d e s c r i p t i o n , distribution, d i s t r i b u t i o n , and a n d wa w ate t err-bearing -bearing 1. p r o p e r t i e s of r o c k s e x p o s e d i n O g d e n V a l l e y a n d its properties of rocks exposed in Ogden Valley and its watershed. .. ... • . . •• . ••• . . . .. . . • •• . . •••• . . .• . . . .• . . • watershed 16 16 o n t h l y a nnd d yearly y e a r l y runoff, r u n o f f , in i n acre a c r e - ffeet e e t ,, of of Sou S o u tth h Fork Fork 2. M Monthly O g d e n River R i v e r near n e a r Huntsvi H u n t s v i lle l l e ,, Utah U t a h • ..•. . • • • ....... • . ••• Ogden 32 32 M o n t h l yy and a n d yyearly e a r l y runoff r u n o f f ,, in i n acre a c r e - ffeet, e e t , of of Midd M i d d lle e Fork Fork 3 .. Monthl O g d e n River R i v e r above a b o v e diversions d i v e r s i o n s ,, near n e a r Hunt H u n t ssville v i l l e . . . • .. . ••• . Ogden 36 36 M o n t h l y and a n d yea y e a rrly l y rrunoff. u n o f f , in i n acre a c r e - ffeet, e e t , of of N o r t h Fork Fork 4 .. Monthly North Ogden Ri ver near Eden ..........•.... ••. .... ... •... ... 36 Ogden River n e a r Eden 36 S . Ground-water recharge in 1970 .•.•• •••.. .. • .. .•• • ...•. . 46 5 . G r o u n d - w a t e r r e c h a r g e in 1970 46 6 . Monthl y precipitation in Ogden Va lley (or the year 1970 . 6. M o n t h l yofp rs et ation c i p i t a tlocated i o n i n Oat g d Pineview e n V a l l e y Dam f o r t h. e••• y e••... a r 1 9 .7 •.... 0. Record 51 e c o r d -water of s t a t i do ischarge n l o c a t e d ina t 1970 P i n e v••. i e w••• D a.••. m 7. R Ground •.••• .••. • •.•• 51 53 7 . G r o u n d - w a t e r d i s c h a r g e in 1970 53 B. Classification of non - flowing wells in Ogden Va lley in 1970 .. • ... •• . .. • • ...•... ... . ... ... .• . •••..• ...... 8 . C l a s s i f i c a t i o n of n o n - f l o w i n g w e l l s i n O g d e n V a l l e y n 1 9 7 0 and annual discharge of Artesian Par k wells , 9 . iMonthly 9 . M o n t h l y a n d a n n u a l d i s c h a r g e of A r t e s i a n P a r k w e l l s , in acre - fee t . ..•.•. .•••••• ......... •..• .•........ • .• • in acre-feet 56 56 58 58 10 . Common types of vegetation in Ogden Va lley ..... . .. . .... 63 1 0 . C o m m o n t y p e s of v e g e t a t i o n i n O g d e n V a l l e y 63 11. Annual cons u mptive use of water by various c ro ps in Ogden 11. A n n u a l Va c o lley n s u m p.•t i•v .•.......•• e u s e of w a t e•...•••. r b y v a r i.• o u•• s .. c r o. p•.. s i.n •. • ... • 68 12 . Areas by pl ants in Ogden Va lley • . •.•. •........ O g d e n occupied Valley 69 68 Estimated plants 113. 2. A r e a s o c c u consumption p i e d b y p l a n t of s iwater n O g d eby n V a l l e y in 69 Ogden Valley ..• . •.. • . ....... •• .. • •.•.•...•..•.•. • • .. 1 3 . E s t i m a t e d c o n s u m p t i o n of w a t e r b y p l a n t s i n 14. O Ground-water g d e n V a l l e y budget of Ogden Valley for 197 0 1 4 . G r o u n d - w a t e r b u d g e t of O g d e n V a l l e y f o r 1 9 7 0 xxii ••. ..•.... • 70 73 70 73 Page Page 15. 1 5 . Water W a t e r levels, l e v e l s , in i n feet f e e t below b e l o w land l a n d surface s u r f a c e datum, d a t u m , from from ttwenty-three w e n t y - t h r e e representative r e p r e s e n t a t i v e wells w e l l s in i n Ogden O g d e n Valley V a l l e y for for t h e period p e r i o d July J u l y 1970-June 1 9 7 0 - J u n e 1971 1 9 7 1 ••.••••..•••••••••.••••••. the 75 16. 1 6 . Chemical C h e m i c a l analyses a n a l y s e s of of waters w a t e r s from from wells, w e l l s , springs, s p r i n g s , and and s u r f a c e waters w a t e r s in i n Ogden O g d e n Valley V a l l e y .•...•...••.••••....••••• surface 84 84 17. 1 7 . Results R e s u l t s of of bbacteriological a c t e r i o l o g i c a l analysis a n a l y s i s of of water w a t e r samples samples from w e l l s in i n Ogden O g d e n Valley V a l l e y .......•.•..•••••.•••..••.•.• from wells 87 87 18. 1 8 . Iron I r o n bbacteriological a c t e r i o l o g i c a l analyses analyses 92 92 xii xii ABSTRACT ABSTRACT O gden V a l l e y ,, iin n W eber C o u n t y ,I iis s aa ffault a u l t ttrough r o u g h oor r ggraben. raben. Ogden Valley Weber County kknown n o w n aas s oone n e of h e ""back b a c k vvalleys a l l e y s "" of he W asatch R a n g e .. of tthe of tthe Wasatch Range It is It is Consolidated Consolidated rrock o c k ss of r e - T e r t i a r y aage g e ,, uunconsolidated n c o n s o l i d a t e d aand n d ppoorl o o r l yy cconsolidated o n s o l i d a t e d rocks rocks of ppre-Tertiary of T e r t i a r y aage g e ,, aand n d uunconsolidated n c o n s o l i d a t e d rrocks o c k s of u a t e r n a r y aage g e cons c o n s titute titute of Tertiary of Q Quaternary tthe h e rrocks o c k s of gden V l l e y aand n d iits t s wat w a teerrshed shed. of O Ogden Vaa lley The mountains T h e ppre-Tertiary r e - T e r t i a r y rrocks o c k s aare r e eexposed x p o s e d iin n tthe he m o u n t a i n s ssurrounding u r r o u n d i n g the the vvalley. alley. T h e s e rrocks o c k s rrange a n g e iin n aage g e from r e c a m b r i a n tto o llate a t e Paleozoic. Paleozoic. These frorr. PPrecambrian S e v e r a l s ttratigraphic r a t i g r a p h i c ggaps a p s ex e x cclude l u d e tthe h e rrocks o c k s of r d o v i c i a n ,, Silurian, Silurian, Several of O Ordovician much Devonian, Permian from tthe m u c h of of tthe he D e v o n i a n , and a n d tthe he P e r m i a n ssystems y s t e m s from h e aarea r e a .. The T h e prepre- T e r t i a r y rrocks o c k s aare r e nnot o t vvery e r y significant s i g n i f i c a n t as as w a t e r bbearers e a r e r s iin n tthe h e area. area. Tertiary water T h e Tertiary T e r t i a r y rrocks o c k s include include K night F o r m a t i o n ,, N o r w o o d Tuff, and The Knight Formation Norwood Tuff I and uupper p p e r Pl1ocene(?) P l i o c e n e ( ? ) Fanglomerate F a n g l o m e r a t e and a n d rrange a n g e iin n age a g e from from eearl a r l yy(?) (?) E o c e n e tt oo Eocene late P l i o c e n e ((?). ?). late Pliocene M i o c e n e rrocks o c k s are a r e missing m i s s i n g .. Miocene The K night F o r m a t i o n supsup­ The Knight Formation p l i e s about a b o u t 860 8 6 0 acre a c r e -- ffeet e e t of w a t e r annually a n n u a l l y tto o B ennett S p r i n g .. The The plies of water Bennett Spring N o r w o o d Tuff Tuff hhas a s a low l o w permeability p e r m e a b i l i t y and a n d acts a c t s as a s an a n uunderlying n d e r l y i n g confining c o n f i n i n g bed bed Norwood i n Ogden Ogden V a l l e y .. The T h e upper u p p e r Pliocene P l i o c e n e (?) ( ? ) Fanglomer F a n g l o m e r aate t e iis s unconsolidated unconsolidated in Valley a n d unsorted. u n s o r t e d . The T h e fo f o rmation r m a t i o n hhas a s a rrel e l aatively t i v e l y low l o w ppermeability; e r m e a b i l i t y ; therefore, therefore, and i t will w i l l not n o t receive r e c e i v e much m u c h recharge r e c h a r g e from f r o m precipit p r e c i p i tation ation. it The T h e Quaternary Q u a t e r n a r y rocks r o c k s · include i n c l u d e more m o r e tthan h a n 400 4 0 0 feet f e e t of of unconsolidat u n c o n s o l i d a t ed ed s e d i m e n t s of of the t h e Pleistocene P l e i s t o c e n e and a n d Recent R e c e n t epochs e p o c h s deposited d e p o s i t e d within w i t h i n the the sediments g r a b e n . The T h e Pleis P l e i s tocene t o c e n e sediments s e d i m e n t s consis c o n s i s tt of of pre p r e - LLake a k e Bonneville B o n n e v i l l e and and graben. L a k e Bonneville B o n n e v i l l e grqvels, g r a v e l s , sands, s a n d s , silts s i l t s ,I and a n d clays. c l a y s . The T h e Recent R e c e n t deposits deposits Lake are a r e fan f a n gra g r a ve v e ls, l s , flood f l o o d - ppll aain i n gr g r ave a v e ll,, sand s a n d ,, aand n d ssilt i l t ,, l aandslide n d s l i d e deposits, deposits, and Pre·Bonnevill a n d s lope l o p e wash w a s h deposits d e p o s i t s .. P r e - LLake ake B o n n e v i l l ee depos d e p o s iits t s iinclude n c l u d e fan fan grave of gravel, g r a v e l ss and a n d s tream t r e a m --laid l a i d deposits d e p o s i t s of g r a v e l , ssand a n d ,, sil s i l tt,, and a n d clay; c l a y ; they they m a k e up u p tthe h e artesian a r t e s i a n aquifer a q u i f e r ,, whose whose w a tters e r s are a r e confined c o n f i n e d bby y t hhe e overover­ make wa i n g silt s i l t and a n d clay c l a y of of tthe h e Alpine Alpine F o r m a t i o n of ake B o n n e v i l l ee age a g e aand n d by by l yying Formation of L Lake Bonnevill t h e re r e l aative t i v e lly y impermeable i m p e r m e a b l e uunderly n d e r l y iinng g N o r w o o d Tuff. the Norwood Tuff. O v e r l y i n g tthe h e Al A lpine pine Overlying F o r m a t i o n ar a r e t he h e sands s a n d s and a n d g r avels a v e l s of e B onneville F o r m a t i o n wh w hich, ich, Formation of t hhe Bonneville Formation t o g ether e t h e r with w i t h Recent R e c e n t sands s a n d s and a n d ggrave r a v e l s, s , ccontain o n t a i n pperched erched w a t e r bod b o dies i e s. tog water h e rrecharge e c h a r g e area a r e a these t h e s e Bonneville B o n n e v i l l e aand nd R e c e n t deposits d e p o s i t s aare r e hydraulically hydraulically In tthe Recent connected waterc o n n e c t e d with w i t h the t h e artesian a r t e s i a n and and w a t e r - ttable a b l e aq a quifer. uifer. Ogden Vaalley Ogden V l l e y is i s drained d r a i n e d bby y tthree h r e e forks f o r k s of of Ogden O g d e n River, R i v e r , and a n d tthe h e fl f low ow of which of tthi h i ss river r i v e r is i s regulated r e g u l a t e d by b y t hhe e eeartha r t h - ffill i l l ddam am w h i c h iimpounds m p o u n d s t hhe e water water of of Pineview P i n e v i e w Reser R e s e rvoir. voir. Recharge wa from wa R e c h a r g e to t o the t h e ground g r o u n d- w a tteer r rreservoirs e s e r v o i r s is i s by b y seepage s e e p a g e from w atterways erways and The mat a n d irrig i r r i g ated a t e d lands l a n d s ,, and a n d infiltration i n f i l t r a t i o n of of ppreCipitation r e c i p i t a t i o n .. T h e esti estim a t eed d minimum minimum recharg r e c h a r g ee in i n 1970 1 9 7 0 was w a s 34 3 4 ,, 3300 0 0 Clcr a c r e - ffeet e e t . . The T h e grea g r e a t ees s tt ccontribution o n t r i b u t i o n tto o thi t h i ss recharg from tt hhe waterways r e c h a r g ee is i s from from seepage s e e p a g e waters w a t e r s from e w a t e r w a y s and a n d irrigated i r r i g a t e d land l a n d. Discharge wa wells D i s c h a r g e from f r o m t hhe e gr g r oundound-w a tteerr rreservoirs e s e r v o i r s iis s bby y (1 (1)) w e l l s , (2) I evapotranspiration, The mii nnim e v a p o t r a n s p i r a t i o n , aand n d (3) (3) spr:ings s p r i n g s .. T h e estimated estimated m i m uum m discha d i s c h a rrge g e ii nn 197 which was 1 9 7 00 was w a s 34 3 4 ,, 0000 0 0 acre a c r e - ffeet e e t , , of of w h i c h 220,000 0 , 0 0 0 acre a c r e --ffeet eet w a s discha d i s c h a rrged g e d by by evapotr e v a p o t r anspiration a n s p i r a t i o n .. xxiv iv The most water-level The m o s t important i m p o r t a n t causes c a u s e s of of w a t e r - l e v e l fluctuations f l u c t u a t i o n s in i n the the artesian from tthe wells a r t e s i a n we w e llll ss are a r e discharge d i s c h a r g e from he w e l l s and a n d loading l o a d i n g bby y Pineview Pineview Reservoir. Reservoir. Since November Pineview Reservoir Since N o v e m b e r 1936, 1936, P ineview R e s e r v o i r hhas a s created created a a unique unique situation Valley s i t u a t i o n in i n Ogden Ogden V a l l e y bby y adding a d d i n g aa load l o a d on o n tthe h e underlying u n d e r l y i n g artesian artesian aquifer. aquifer. Thus, with Thus, w i t h an a n increase i n c r e a s e in i n tthe h e storage s t o r a g e of of tthe h e surface s u r f a c e reservoir, reservoir, water tthe h e artesian a r t e s i a n aquifer a q u i f e r is i s compressed c o m p r e s s e d and a n d tthe he w a t e r llevels e v e l s iin n tthe h e wells wells start s t a r t tto o rrise. i s e . An An increase i n c r e a s e of of about a b o u t 4,800 4 , 8 0 0 acre a c r e -- ffeet e e t in i n the t h e storage s t o r a g e of of Pineview water P i n e v i e w Reservoir R e s e r v o i r corresponds c o r r e s p o n d s to t o a rrise i s e of of w a t e r level l e v e l iin n tthe h e test t e s t well w e l l, (A-6-2) ( A - 6 - 2 ) 18 bab-l, b a b - 1 , of of one o n e foot. foot. The water Valley T h e chemical c h e m i c a l quality q u a l i t y of of tthe h e ground ground w a t e r in i n Ogden Ogden V a l l e y is i s good good and for household a n d tthe h e water w a t e r iis s suitable s u i t a b l e for h o u s e h o l d and a n d iirrigation r r i g a t i o n ppurposes u r p o s e s .. The The from tten rresults e s u l t s of of bbacteriological a c t e r i o l o g i c a l analyses a n a l y s e s of of water w a t e r samples s a m p l e s from e n wells wells i n d i c a t e that t h a t the the w a t e r iin n six six w e l l s is i s satisfactory, s a t i s f a c t o r y , bbut u t tthe h e wat w a t eer r in in indicate water wells four w e l l s ar a r oound u n d Eden E d e n may m a y bbe e classed c l a s s e d as a s uunsatisfactory n s a t i s f a c t o r y ffor o r drinking drinking four wells ppurposes. urposes. The T h e artesian a r t e s i a n aquifer a q u i f e r in i n Ogden O g d e n Valley V a l l e y pprobably r o b a b l y could c o u l d bbe e developed developed further f u r t h e r if if the t h e present p r e s e n t users u s e r s would w o u l d bbe e willing w i l l i n g tto o accept a c c e p t a reduction r e d u c t i o n iin n prespres­ sure for tthe s u r e in i n exchange e x c h a n g e for h e additional a d d i t i o n a l water. water. The waterThe w a t e r - ttable a b l e aquifer a q u i f e r probabl p r o b a b lyy could c o u l d be b e developed d e v e l o p e d to t o yyield i e l d five f i v e ttimes i m e s iits t s present p r e s e n t yyield i e l d of of 100 1 0 0 acre a c r e-- feet feet per p e r year. year. xv xv IINTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION Location Extent of tthe L o c a t i o n aand nd E x t e n t of h e Area Area Ogden V a l l e y iis s iin n tthe h e eeas a s tteer r nn ppart a r t of eber C o u n t yy,. Ut U t ah ah, Ogden Valley of W Weber Count 12 m miles of tt hhe City Ogden aa bbout o u t 12 i l e s eeast a s t of e C i t y of of O g d e n ((fig f i g .. 11)) .. The T h e vva a llley l e y hh aas s an an of 37 37 ssquare miles aarea r e a of quare m i l e s ,, aand n d iis s ccomplet o m p l e t ee lly y surrOUndE!d s u r r o u n d e d bby y mou m o unta n t aiins ns. Ogden Valley ween O gden V a l l e y iis s ssituated i t u a t e d bbe e tt w e e n 441° 1 ° 1 33 '' 1IS5 " aand n d 44 11°° 22 22'' 30 3 0 "" l aatitude t i t u d e aand n d 11 1 1 110° 441' 1 ' 15' 15 " I and a n d 111 1110 ° 53 5 3 '' 45 "I , llongitudE:! o n g i t u d e .. The T h e vva a llley l e y trend t r e n ds northwest miles miles n o r t h w e s t aand n d iis s approximatel a p p r o x i m a t e l yy 1 122 m i l e s llong o n g and a n d 33 m i l e s wide wide. The City from Salt City The C i t y of of Ogden O g d e n iis s accessible a c c e s s i b l e from S a l t LakE! Lake C i t y bby y Int I n terstat e r s t a te Vaa llll eey with Highway H i g h w a y 15 15 , aand n d the t h e ttwo w o rroads o a d s tha t h a tt connect c o n n e c t Ogden Ogden V y w i t h tthe h e Cit C i ty of North Ogden Canyon of Ogden O g d e n a rre e located l o c a t e d along a l o n g Ogden O g d e n Canyon C a n y o n and and N orth O gden C a n y o n .. The The Eden, Uberty; of these tthree h r e e t oowns w n s of of Ogden O g d e n Va V a lley l l e y are a r e Huntsville H u n t s v i l l e ,, E d e n , and and L i b e r t y ; of these, Hunt H u n t sville, s v i l l e , populat p o p u l a t iion o n 494 4 9 4 ,, is i s the t h e largest. largest. Pineview Dam miles west Pineview D a m is i s l ocat o c a t eed d in i n Ogden O g d e n Canyon C a n y o n about a b o u t 33 m iles w e s t of of Huntsville Pine H u n t s v i l l e .. P i n e vview i e w Rese R e s e rrvoir v o i r , when w h e n fi f i ll l l eed d t o capa.ci c a p a c i tty y ,, occ o c c uupies p i e s an an I are a r e aa of of 2 ,, 9900 0 0 acres a c r e s .. Pineview P i n e v i e w Reservoir R e s e r v o i r i s used u s e d extensively e x t e n s i v e l y f oor r recrearecrea­ ti t i oon n purposes p u r p o s e s ,, and a n d t hhe e rrecreat e c r e a t iiona o n a ll fac f a c iilit l i t ies i e s a rre e bei.ng b e i n g ggreatl r e a t l yy expanded expanded under of Rec u n d e r t he h e Weber W e b e r Basin B a s i n Project P r o j e c t of of t hhe e United U n i t e d St S t at a t es e s Bureau B u r e a u of R e clamati l a m a t ion o n. Purpose P u r p o s e and a n d Scope S c o p e of of t he h e St S tudy udy T h i s investigat i n v e s t i g a t iion o n was w a s undertaken u n d e r t a k e n t o det d e t eermine r m i n e (1) t hhe e geology geology Thi of wat of the t h e area a r e a with w i t h emphasis e m p h a s i s on o n t he h e occurrence o c c u r r e n c e of of ground ground w a t eer; r ; (2) tthe he recharge r e c h a r g e ,, use u s e ,, and a n d ~lischarge d i s c h a r g e of of ground g r o u n d wa w a t ee rr;; (3) t he h e chemical c h e m i c a l qua q u ality lity o -'" ~ B,igh;tm\ Ci IV 4 R 12 43 2 1 0 H H I ec~~==~ ' ===!~~1 N I Scale in ) ( Miles ", -1'.., . '-·· . . . - .. S' CO .. / -"'' . . ..W£~--·f .... . / 09(ien / / GR EAT r cou~ ------~_ / .. <6·'II ~--" _ OU"-"~, / __ f--o~~ , , SA LT ,,G~" \'/lOp. I \ "-- .... ---\ ( \ \ '\ , "~\ UTAH ,...J LAKE \ Bountiful \, F i g u r e 1 . Map M a p of of Weber W e b e r County, C o u n t y , Utah U t a h ,, showing s h o w i n g the t h e l ocat o c a t iioon n of of Ogden O g d e n Va V a ll l l ey e y (crosshatched) ( c r o s s h a t c h e d ). Figure N 3 of gground water; (4) tthe of gground water of round w a t e r ; (4) h e aamoun m o u n tt of round w a t e r aavailable v a i l a b l e ffor o r development d e v e l o p m e n t ;; (5) 'the of aa ssurface aand n d (5) the eeffect f f e c t of u r f a c e rreservoir e s e r v o i r oon n aan n aartesian r t e s i a n aaquifer. quifer. The The iinvestigation nvestigation w a s cconcerned o n c e r n e d aalmost l m o s t eentirely ntirely w i t h uunconsolidated n c o n s o l i d a t e d deposi d e p o s it s was with of e aarea r e a .. of tt hhe C o n s o l i d a t e d rrocks ocks w e r e sstudied t u d i e d oonly nly w h e r e ssuch u c h ddata a t a were were Consolidated were where nneeded e e d e d tto o uunderstand n d e r s t a n d tthe h e gground-water r o u n d - w a t e r conditions conditions. The was T h e iinvestigation nvestigation w a s ccarried a r r i e d oout u t iin n ffour o u r pphases. hases. The T h e ffii rrsst t phase phase cconsisted o n s i s t e d of x t e n s i v e llibrary i b r a r y rresearch e s e a r c h ,, w h i c h iincluded n c l u d e d tthe h e collecti c o l l e c t i on on of eextensive which of ggeol of e o l oogical g i c a l iinformation, n f o r m a t i o n , ssurface-wat u r f a c e - w a t eer r ddat a t aa, , aand n d cclimatological l i m a t o l o g i c a l data data. T h e rrecords e c o r d s of xisting w ells w e r e oobtained b t a i n e d ffrom r o m tthe he O f f i c e of h e St S tat a te The of eexisting wells were Office of tthe E n g i n e e r ,I aand n d tthe h e llong o n g --tterm erm w a t e r - llevel evel m e a s u r e m e n t s ffor o r tthe h e three three Engineer watermeasurements oobservation bservation w ells w e r e oobtained b t a i n e d from e o l o g i c a l Survey S u r v e y. wells were from U U.. SS.. G Geological T h e ssecond e c o n d pphase h a s e iincluded n c l u d e d tthe h e ffieldwork i e l d w o r k sstarting t a r t i n g iin n M a y 1970 1 9 7 0 and and The May eending n d i n g iin n JJuly u l y 11971. 971. D u r i n g tthis h i s pphase h a s e aall l l tthe h e eexisting xisting w e l l s were were During wells llocat o c a t eed d oon n t oopographic p o g r a p h i c ssheets h e e t s ,, ttwentyw e n t y - tthree h r e e rrepresentative epresentative w e llls l s were were we sselected e l e c t e d aand n d tthe he w a t e r l eeve v e llss w ere m e a s u r e d aatt m o n t h l y iinter n t e r va v a l s, s, a water were measured monthly ggeol e o l oogical g i c a l ffie i e lldd check check w a s ccond o n d uucted c t e d ,, tthe h e t yypes p e s and a n d tthe h e aareal r e a l eext x t eent n t of of was tth h ee vveget e g e t aation tion w e r e de d e ttermined e r m i n e d ,, and a n d tthe he w a t eer r ssamples amples w e r e collect c o l l e c t ed ed were wat were from l e v e n rrepresentative epresentative w e l l s ffor o r chemical c h e m i c a l and a n d bacteriological bacteriological from eeleven wells aanalyses n a l y s e s .. The work. T h e tthird h i r d pphase h a s e incl i n c l uuded d e d t hhe e llaboratory aboratory w o r k . Water W a t e r samples s a m p l e s were were a nnaa llyzed water. y z e d to t o determine d e t e r m i n e the t h e chemical c h e m i c a l quality q u a l i t y of of ground ground w ater. The T h e bacbac­ tteriol e r i o l ogical o g i c a l analyses a n a l y s e s were w e r e done d o n e by b y Utah U t a h Division D i v i s i o n of of Hea H e a llth t h .. Collection Collection a n d anal a n a l yysis s i s of of water w a t e r samples samples w e r e done d o n e according a c c o r d i n g to t o the t h e procedures procedures and were 44 ddescribed e s c r i b e d bby y B r o w n ,, S k o u g s t a d , I aand n d FFishman i s h m a n iin n M e t h o d s for Collection Brown Skougstad Methods fo r Collection and Analysis of W Water Samples Dissolved Minerals and A n a l y s i s of ater S a m p l e s ffor or D issolved M i n e r a l s aand n d Gases Gases: Techniques of W Water of tthe United T e c h n i q u e s of a t e r --RResources e s o u r c e s IInvestigat n v e s t i g a t iions o n s of he U n i t e d States S t a t e s GeoGeo­ Survey llogical ogical S u r v e y ,, 1970. 1970. The of data. T h e ffourth o u r t h pphase h a s e iincluded n c l u d e d tthe h e ccorrelation o r r e l a t i o n aand n d iinterpret n t e r p r e t aation t i o n of data. This of gground water of tthe T h i s rreport e p o r t discusses d i s c u s s e s tthe h e sstatus t a t u s of round w a t e r at a t tthe h e t iime m e of h e invesinves­ ttigation i g a t i o n .. Certainly wii llll cchange C e r t a i n l y thi t h i ss sstat t a t uus s w h a n g e aas s ddevelopment e v e l o p m e n t pproceeds r o c e e d s and and water Weber Basin Project w a t e r uus s ee bby y t hhe e W eber B asin P r o j e c t iincreases n c r e a s e s .. The T h e ffeatures e a t u r e s tthat h a t are are rrelated e l a t e d tto o geology, g e o l o g y , hhowever o w e v e r ,, aare r e ppermanent e r m a n e n t and a n d subjec s u b j e c tt t oo negligible negligible chang c h a n g e .. P r e v i o u s Investigations Investigations Previous T h e first f i r s t detailed d e t a i l e d iinvestigation n v e s t i g a t i o n of of geology g e o l o g y and a n d ground g r o u n d--wat w a t er er The r e s o u r c e s of of Ogden O g d e n Va V a lley lley w a s completed c o m p l e t e d by b y Leggette L e g g e t t e and a n d Taylor T a y l o r in in resources was 1 9 3 7 . Their T h e i r report r e p o r t inc i n c lludes u d e s iinformation n f o r m a t i o n concerning c o n c e r n i n g geo g e o llogy o g y ,. ground g r o u n d-­ 1937. w a t e r condi c o n d i tions t i o n s ,. and a n d well w e l l s, s , and a n d also a l s o contains c o n t a i n s a map m a p s h oowi w i nng g t hhe e area area water of flowing f l o w i n g wells, wells. of I n 1945 1 9 4 5 ,, Thomas T h o m a s made m a d e an a n investigation i n v e s t i g a t i o n of of th t h ee Ogden Ogden In V a l l e y artesian a r t e s i a n reser r e s e r vvoir o i r .. His H i s report r e p o r t is i s a seque s e q u e ll to t o the t h e one o n e pprepared r e p a r e d by by Valle L e g g e t t e and a n d Taylor, T a y l o r , and a n d is i s based b a s e d on o n data d a t a collect c o l l e c t eed d during d u r i n g 1932-34, 1932-34, Leggette a u g m e n t e d by b y records r e c o r d s t hat h a t had h a d been b e e n obt o b t a iined n e d (1935 ( 1 9 3 5 -40) - 4 0 ) by b y t hhe e U U .. S. S. augmented G e o l o g i c a l Survey S u r v e y as a s part p a r t of of a St S t at a t ee - w i d e project p r o j e c t in i n coc o - ooperati p e r a t i oon n wit w i t hh Geological wide t h e Utah U t a h St S t ate a t e Engineer. E n g i n e e r . A second s e c o n d investigation i n v e s t i g a t i o n by b y t he h e same s a m e author a u t h o r in in the 1 9 5 3 describes d e s c r i b e s the t h e geologic g e o l o g i c and a n d hydrologic h y d r o l o g i c features f e a t u r e s of of Ogden O g d e n Va V alley l l e y .. 1953 55 In tthis was In h i s oopen-file p e n - f i l e rreport e p o r t ,I aan n eemphas m p h a s iis s w a s ggiven i v e n tto o tthe h e ffactors a c t o r s producing producing fflu l u cctuation tuation of w water Tower of a t e r lleve e v e llss iin n tthhe e T o w e r we w e ll. ll. Cert of O Ogden Valley C e r t aain i n pphysiographic h y s i o g r a p h i c aand n d ss ttructural r u c t u r a l ffeatures e a t u r e s of gden V a l l e y have have Gilbe Bll ackwelder bbeen e e n dd~scribed e s c r i b e d bby y G i l b e rrt t ((1928) 1 9 2 8 ) aand n d bby y B a c k w e l d e r ((1910). 1910). IIn n 1944 1 9 4 4 ,. E a r d l eey y cconducted o n d u c t e d a ccomprehensive o m p r e h e n s i v e rregiona e g i o n a ll iinvestigation n v e s t i g a t i o n ,, m a p p e d the the Eardl mapped nnortho r t h - ccentral entral W a s a t c h aarea r e a ,, aand nd w o r k e d oout ut m a n y of h e ccomplex o m p l e x ss truc t r u c -­ Wasatch worked many of tthe ttural u r a l rrelations e l a t i o n s of h e rregion e g i o n .. of tthe H is w o r k ffurn u r n iished s h e d tthe h e bbackg a c k g rro o uund n d ffor o r subsub­ His work s e q u e n t s ttudies u d i e s oon n t hhe e uunconsolidat n c o n s o l i d a t eed d ssed e d ijm e n t ss of h e vva a llll eey y ffii llll .. Later, Later, sequent ment of tthe L o f g r e n ,, 19 1 9 555 5 , ddiscussed i s c u s s e d tth h ee T r t i a r y aand n d Quaternary Q u a t e r n a r y sstratigra t r a t i g r a pphy h y of of Lofgren Tee rtiary O g d e n Valley V a l l e y. Ogden Several M .. SS .. ttheses S e v e r a l uunpublished npublished M h e s e s ,, Coody C o o d y ((l957) 1 9 5 7 ) oon n tthe h e ggeology e o l o g y of of Durst MountainHuntsville Laraway tthe he D urst M ountain-H u n t s v i l l e a rrea, ea, L a r a w a y (195 ( 1 9 5 88) ) on o n tthe h e geology g e o l o g y of of tthe h e South South F o r k of of Ogden Ogden R i v e rr area a r e a , and and E r i k s s o n ((l960) 1 9 6 0 ) on o n tthe h e geology geology Fork Rive Eriksson I of tthe he U pper O g d e n Canyon C a n y o n ,, g iive v e geologic g e o l o g i c iinformation n f o r m a t i o n ffo o rr Ogden O g d e n Valley Valley of Upper Ogden a n d its i t s vvicinity i c i n i t y .. These T h e s e t hheses e s e s also a l s o cont c o n t aa iin n det d e t aailed i l e d geol g e o l oogic gic m a p s of and maps r e s p e c t i v e areas. areas. respective PHYSIOGRAPHY PHYSIOGRAPHY Ogden wii tthi O g d e n Vall V a l l ey e y lies lies w h i nn the t h e Great G r e a t Basin B a s i n physiographic p h y s i o g r a p h i c province p r o v i n c e .. It It iis s one o n e of of tthe h e "back " b a c k vvalleys" a l l e y s " of of t hhe e W a s a ttcch h Range R a n g e t hhat a t have h a v e been b e e n describdescrib­ Wasa ed from tthe e d bby y Gilbe G i l b e rrtt (1928) ( 1 9 2 8 ) as a s grabens g r a b e n s ,. separ s e p a r aatt eed d from h e Grea G r e a tt Basin B a s i n fa f arth r t her er west t bby y t hhe e hhorst o r s t tthat h a t hhas a s fformed o r m e d tthe h e wes w e s tteerrnn frontal f r o n t a l ridge r i d g e of of t hhe e Wasa W a s a tch tch w e s Range. Range. Topography T o p o g r a p h y and a n d Dr D rainage ainage Ogden Valley Ogden V a l l e y is i s e llliptical l i p t i c a l in i n shape s h a p e ,, mos m o s ttll yy fflat l a t a t an a n average a v e r a g e e1eele­ v a t i o n of of 4 ,, 9900 0 0 feet f e e t ,, and a n d is i s surrounded s u r r o u n d e d bby y Wasatch Wasatch M ountains. vation Mountains. T h e area area The iis s drained d r a i n e d by b y t hhree r e e forks f o r k s of of Ogden O g d e n Ri R i ve v e r. r . The T h e South, S o u t h , Middle, M i d d l e , and a n d North North Forks F o r k s of of Ogden O g d e n River R i v e r ent e n t eer r the t h e va v a lley l l e y from from eas e a s tt,, nnortheast, o r t h e a s t , and a n d north n o r t h, rres e s ppectively. e c t i v e l y . These T h e s e fforks o r k s discha d i s c h a rrge g e iint n t oo Pineview Pineview R e s e r v o i r and a n d the t h e excess excess Reservoir water ward Wasatch w a t e r from from tthe h e rreservoir e s e r v o i r flows f l o w s wes w e s ttw a r d through t h r o u g h tthe he W a s a t c h Range R a n g e by b y way way of Ogden O g d e n Canyon. C a n y o n . Several S e v e r a l c reeks r e e k s t hhat a t rrise i s e iin n the t h e surrounding s u r r o u n d i n g hhills i l l s jjoin o i n tt he he of m a j o r s treams t r e a m s within w i t h i n tthe h e valley. valley. major G i l b e r t (1928, ( 1 9 2 8 , p . 57) describes d e s c r i b e s t hhe e m o u n t ains a i n s as a s fo f oll l lows ows: Gilbert mount The porti Wasatch Range Ogden Vaa ll p o r t i oon n of of the the W asatch R a n g e opposite opposite O gden V l l ey e y hhas a s ttwo wo m e m b e r s distinguished d i s t i n g u i s h e d by b y t hheir e i r pphysiogr h y s i o g r aaphic p h i c hhabit a b i t .. The T h e western western members member m e m b e r hhas a s rugged r u g g e d summits s u m m i t s ,, wit w i t hh many m a n y crags c r a g s of of resistant r e s i s t a n t roc r o ckkss . T h e eas e a s tteern rn m e m b e r hhas a s rrounded o u n d e d s uu m m i t s ,, and a n d i t ss entire e n t i r e scul s c u l pture pture The member mmits iis s of of a mature m a t u r e or o r subdued s u b d u e d t ype. y p e . Several S e v e r a l peaks p e a k s east e a s t and and w e s t of the west of the v a l l e y ris r i s ee tto o more m o r e t hhan a n 8 ,I 5500 0 0 feet f e e t above a b o v e sea s e a level l e v e l or o r 3 ,,55000 0 feet feet valley a b o v e the t h e valley v a l l e y floor. floor. above T h e tthree h r e e fforks o r k s of of Ogden O g d e n River R i v e r c uutt deep d e e p and a n d nnarrow a r r o w canyons c a n y o n s within within The t h e rres e s i ssta t a nnt t Pa P a leozoic l e o z o i c t e rrrain r a i n and a n d these t h e s e canyons c a n y o n s become b e c o m e bbroader r o a d e r a ss the the the streams Midd s t r e a m s ent e n t eerr t hhe e vaUey v a l l e y .. The T h e vvalleys a l l e y s of of M i d d lle e and a n d South S o u t h Fork F o r k Ogden Ogden 77 Rivers may R i v e r s rrun u n ai3cross c r o s s ggeol e o l oogic g i c sstructures t r u c t u r e s aand n d tthus h u s tthey hey m a y bbe e cclassed l a s s e d as as "transverse The " t r a n s v e r s e vvalleys" a l l e y s " .. T h e sstreams t r e a m s hhave a v e oo'ppeened n e d nnarrow a r r o w tterraced e r r a c e d va v a lleys lleys of tth iin n tthe h e aalluvium l l u v i u m of h ee plain. plain. Ogden Canyon of aa ttransverse Ogden C a n y o n iis s aanother n o t h e r eexample x a m p l e of r a n s v e r s e vva a llley l e y .. Its Its course c o u r s e ccuts u t s aacross c r o s s ggeologic e o l o g i c sstructures t r u c t u r e s aand n d fforms o r m s aa ddeep e e p aand n d steeps t e e p - sided sided gorge. gorge. The most T he m o s t ccommonly o m m o n l y eencount n c o u n t eered r e d ddrainage r a i n a g e ppattern a t t e r n iis s dendritic d e n d r i t i c .. Dendritic of tributary D e n d r i t i c pattern p a t t e r n iis s cchar h a r aacterized c t e r i z e d bby y iirregular r r e g u l a r bbranching r a n c h i n g of tributary streams many These s t r e a m s 1n in m a n y ddirections i r e c t i o n s aand n d aat t aalmos l m o s tt aany n y aangle. ngle. T h e s e ppatterns a t t e r n s are are comm Midd South Fork Ogden Rive They c o m m onl o n l yy form f o r m eed d bby y M i d d ll ee aand nd S outh F ork O gden R i v e r s .. T h e y devel d e v e l op op upon of structural u p o n the t h e uuniform n i f o r m PPaleozoic a l e o z o i c rrocks o c k s aand n d iimpl m p l yy a nnotable o t a b l e llack a c k of structural control c o n t r o l .. About miles of O Ogden Canyon Wasatch Range A b o u t ffive ive m i l e s nnorth o r t h of gden C a n y o n tthe he W asatch R a n g e iis s deeply deeply grooved North Ogden The g r o o v e d by b y a c rross o s s vvalley, alley, N orth O g d e n Canyon C a n y o n .. T h e ppioneer i o n e e r ttrail r a i l and and first from tthe Lake Vaa lley f i r s t wagon w a g o n rroad o a d from h e Salt Salt L a k e pplain l a i n tto o Ogden Ogden V l l e y ffollowed o l l o w e d this this route. of tthe r o u t e . ThE~ T h e summit s u m m i t lies l i e s cclose l o s e tto o tthe h e eeastern a s t e r n fface a c e of h e rrange a n g e aand n d the the pass, from east, of aa hhanging p a s s , as a s seen s e e n from e a s t , has h a s tthe h e appearance a p p e a r a n c e of a n g i n g vva a llll eey y .. Gilbert Gilbert (1928) which marks (1928) conc c o n c lludes u d e s that t h a t tt hhis i s ppass a s s is i s aan n ""air a i r ggap" ap" w hich m a r k s tth h ee course c o u r s e of of aa stream s t r e a m that t h a t once o n c e crossed c r o s s e d the t h e rrange a n g e from from east e a s t to t o west. west. Land forms Landforms T h e major m a j o r l aandforms n d f o r m s of of Ogden O g d e n Va V a lley l l e y include i n c l u d e lake l a k e terraces, t e r r a c e s , river river The t e r r a c e s , cl a lllu l u vvia i a ll fans, f a n s , and a n d fault f a u l t escarpments. e s c a r p m e n t s . The T h e processes p r o c e s s e s of of developdevelopterraces, 8 merit of these t h e s e landforms l a n d f o r m s a re r e erosional, e r o s i o n a l , depositiona d e p o s i t i o n a ll,, and a n d dias d i a s trophic t r o p h i c. ment During D u r i n g the t h e late l a t e Pleistocene P l e i s t o c e n e epoch e p o c h 19 1 9 ,, 7750 5 0 square s q u a r e miles m i l e s of of wes w e s t ern ern U t a h was w a s cove c o v e rred e d by b y a pluvial p l u v i a l l ake a k e ,, known k n o w n as as L a k e Bonneville B o n n e v i l l e .. The The Utah Lake a l t i t u d e of of the t h e Bonneville B o n n e v i l l e shore s h o r e lline i n e is is altitude a b o u t 1, 1 , 0000 0 0 ffee e e tt above a b o v e Gre G r eat at about S a lt l t Lake L a k e and a n d about a b o u t 5,135 5 , 1 3 5 fee f e e tt above a b o v e tthe h e sea s e a llevel. e v e l . According A c c o r d i n g tto o Gilbert Gilbert Sa (1890) h e eas e a s tteern r n shore s h o r e of of the the m a i n body b o d y ffollowed o l l o w e d tthe h e s t eeep e p bbase a s e of of the the (1 890) tthe main W a s a t c h Mountains M o u n t a i n s , where w h e r e it i t was was m o d i f i e d bby y t hhe e eestua s t u a rries i e s of o x Elder Elder Wasatch modified of B Box I C r e e k , Ogden O g d e n River, R i v e r , and a n d Weber Weber R iver. Creek, River. O den C anyon w a s occupied o c c u p i e d by by Ogg den Canyon was l o n g and a n d narrow n a r r o w s trait t r a i t ,, communicat c o m m u n i c a t iing ng w i t h a bay b a y several s e v e r a l miles m i l e s broad b r o a d I, a long with h e m m e d in i n bby y m o u n t a i n s .. hemmed mountains Ogden V a l l e y ccont o n t aained i n e d a bbay a y of of L a k e BonneBonne­ Ogden Valley Lake vi v i llle l e and a n d re r e t ains a i n s some s o m e of of tthe h e higher h i g h e r sshore h o r e tterraces. erraces. The T h e llake a k e te t erraces rraces thus may mouths of M Middle South t h u s fformed ormed m a y still s t i l l bbe e observed o b s e r v e d aatt tthe he m o u t h s of i d d l e aand nd S o u t h For F o rk Ogden of tthe O g d e n Rivers R i v e r s and a n d along a l o n g the t h e southeastern s o u t h e a s t e r n bborder o r d e r of h e vvalley a l l e y .. At other other places p l a c e s the t h e l aake k e tterraces e r r a c e s are a r e pprobabl r o b a b l yy cconcea o n c e a lled e d bby y pposto s t - LLake a k e Bonneville Bonneville sslope l o p e wash w a s h de d eposits. posits. During Provo Lake Bonneville was D u r i n g the the P r o v o eepoc p o c hh of of L ake B o n n e v i l l e tthe h e sshore h o r e lline ine w a s 375 375 f e e t llower o w e r tth h aan n tthe he B o n n e v i l l e s::;;hore h o r e lline i n e aand n d 6625 2 5 ffee e e tt hhigher i g h e r tthan h a n the the Bonneville feet w a t e r of reat S alt L a k e .. water of G Great Salt Lake T h e ffall a l l of h e llake a k e ddrained r a i n e d tthe h e uupper p p e r va v a lley lley The of tthe ((Ogden Ogden V a l l e y ) aand n d l eed d tto o tthe h e bbuilding u i l d i n g of r o a d ddelta e l t a jjust u s t oout u t ssiide d e the the Valley) of aa bbroad m o u t h of g d e n Canyon; C a n y o n ; bbut u t tthis h i s ddelta e l t a iis s eexceptional x c e p t i o n a l tto o tt hhe e ggeneral e n e r a l rule rule mouth of O Ogden iin n tth h aat t iitt iis s ssomewhat o m e w h a t bbelow e l o w tt hhe e PProvo r o v o hhorizon o r i z o n ((Gilbert, G i l b e r t , 11890 8 9 0 ,I pp.. 163) 163). 9 The T h e lowe l o w e rr part p a r t of of Ogden O g d e n Valley V a l l e y was w a s degraded d e g r a d e d during d u r i n g t he h e Provo P r o v o epoch epoch of of Lake L a k e Bonnevill B o n n e v i l l ee .. Since S i n c e that t h a t time t i m e ,, the t h e s treams t r e a m s have h a v e opened o p e n e d narrow n a r r o w, t e r r a c e d va v a lleys l l e y s in i n the t h e alluvium a l l u v i u m of of tthe h e pplain l a i n .. The T h e terraces t e r r a c e s are a r e genera g e n e r all l lyy terraced o n l y a few f e w feet f e e t high h i g h ,, composed c o m p o s e d of of sand s a n d ,, silt, s i l t , and a n d gravel. gravel. only A l l uvia u v i a ll fans f a n s are a r e fanned f o r m e d a t the the m o u t h s of of sma s m a llll s ttre r e aams m s as a s the the All mouths h e a v i l y l ooaded a d e d streams s t r e a m s emerge e m e r g e from from hill h i l l ss or or m o u n t a i n s ont o n t oo a lowl l o w land a n d. heavily mountains S u c h fans f a n s may m a y be b e observed o b s e r v e d at a t t hhe e mouths m o u t h s of of Broadmouth B r o a d m o u t h Canyon C a n y o n ,I Wolf Wolf Such C r e e k , Geerts G e e r t s een ' n Canyon C a n y o n ,, South S o u t h Fork F o r k Ogden Ogden R i v e r, r , and and B ally W t s Creek Creek. Creek, Rive Bally W aa ttts T h e ffault a u l t scarps s c a r p s on o n the t h e e aast s t aand n d west w e s t ma m a rrgi g i nns s of of Ogden Ogden V l l e y aa re re The Vaa lley s o m ewhat e w h a t modified m o d i f i e d bby y erosion e r o s i o n .. som H o w e v e rr,, a l oong n g the t h e bbase a s e of mountain Howeve of mountain front west w e s t of of Liberty, L i b e r t y , a ffault a u l t sscarp c a r p can c a n bbe e ttraced r a c e d eeasily a s i l y ffor o r several s e v e r a l miles m i l e s. front CLIMATE CLIMATE The of Ogden T h e climate c l i m a t e of O g d e n Valley V a l l e y is i s ttemperate e m p e r a t e and a n d semiarid. semiarid. m e r s are a r e rrelatively e l a t i v e l y short s h o r t ,, and a n d ttemperatures e m p e r a t u r e s are a r e moderate m o d e r a t e .. mers The T h e sum s u m-­ T h e mean mean The a n n u a ll ttemperature e m p e r a t u r e is i s about a b o u t 444° 4 ° F with w i t h rree ccorded o r d e d eextremes x t r e m e s of of 3350 5° F below annua F below z e r o and a n d 104° 1 0 4 ° F above a b o v e zzero e r o .. Temperatures T e m p e r a t u r e s bbe e llow o w zzero e r o are a r e common c o m m o n du d uring ring zero c o l dd winter w i n t e r ,I although a l t h o u g h periods p e r i o d s of of severe s e v e r e lly y l ow o w temperatures t e m p e r a t u r e s are a r e nnot o t propro­ a col l o n g e d because b e c a u s e the the m o u n t ains ains w a r d off off most m o s t of of tthe h e iintensely n t e n s e l y cold c o l d air air longed mount ward masses. masses. T h e ffrost r o s t --ffree r e e growing g r o w i n g season s e a s o n ordinarily o r d i n a r i l y includes i n c l u d e s tthe h e five five The m o n t h s from from M a y t hhrough r o u g h September September. months May Winds from 7 tto W i n d s are a r e usually u s u a l l y light l i g h t tto o moderate m o d e r a t e ,, nnormally o r m a l l y rranging a n g i n g from o 10 10 miles m i l e s per p e r hour. hour. The T h e percentage p e r c e n t a g e of of sunshine s u n s h i n e during d u r i n g tthe h e day d a y ranges r a n g e s from from 60 tto o 80 8 0 ,I and a n d t hhe e relative r e l a t i v e humidity h u m i d i t y iis s low l o w , commonly c o m m o n l y dropping d r o p p i n g bbelow e l o w 30 30 I ppercent e r c e n t during d u r i n g midsummer m i d s u m m e r days d a y s .. T h e Windiness, w i n d i n e s s , high h i g h percenta p e r c e n t a gge e of of hours hours The of sunshine, s u n s h i n e , and a n d llow o w atmospheric a t m o s p h e r i c hhumidities u m i d i t i e s in i n tthe h e summer s u m m e r ttend e n d to t o propro­ of m o t e high h i g h rates r a t e s of of evaporation e v a p o r a t i o n from from water w a t e r and and m o i s t l aand n d ssurfaces u r f a c e s and and mote moist h i g h ra r a t es e s of of ttranspiration r a n s p i r a t i o n from from pl p lant a n ts. s. high A v e r a g e annual a n n u a l pprecipitation r e c i p i t a t i o n at a t Pine P i n e vview i e w Dam D a m ffor o r the t h e pperiod e r i o d 1935 1 9 3 5-- 70 70 Average Was within w a s a bbout o u t 28 2 8 ..4 4 99 iinches. n c h e s . The T h e only o n l y precipitation p r e c i p i t a t i o n station station w i t h i n tthe h e Ogden Ogden Rive Ogden Riverr drainage d r a i n a g e basin b a s i n is i s at a t Pineview P i n e v i e w Dam D a m ,, in in O g d e n Canyon C a n y o n about a b o u t a mile mile below Vall b e l o w th t h ee lower l o w e r end e n d of of Ogden Ogden V a l l ey e y .. The T h e rrecord e c o r d bbegan e g a n iin n JJanuary a n u a r y 1935 1 9 3 5. An earlier e a r l i e r record r e c o r d a t Huntsville H u n t s v i l l e in i n tthe h e southeast s o u t h e a s t part p a r t of of Ogden O g d e n Va V alll ley ey c o v e rred e d 30 yyears e a r s of of tthe h e pperiod e r i o d 1895 1 8 9 5 to t o 1930 1 9 3 0 ,, during during w h i c h tthe h e average average Cove which annual was Absence a n n u a l precipitation precipitation w a s 20.4 2 0 . 4 inches. inches. A b s e n c e of of correspondence c o r r e s p o n d e n c e between between 11 11 of tthe wo may tthe h e rre e ccords o r d s of h e tt w o ss tt aations tions m a y bbe e eexpl x p l aained i n e d bby y tthe h e oorographic r o g r a p h i c influ i n f l u -­ of tthe Wasatch Mountains eence n c e of he W asatch M o u n t a i n s .. The Wasatch Mountains T he W asatch M o u n t a i n s ggreatly r e a t l y dist d i s t oort rt of pprecipi tthe h e ppattern a t t e r n of r e c i p i tt aation t i o n aalong l o n g tthe h e ppath a t h ,I pproducing r o d u c i n g ggreater r e a t e r precipitation precipitation w h e r e t hhe e a iir r m a s s ees s aa rre e fforced o r c e d tto o rrii sse e aand n d lless e s s pprecipi r e c i p i ttaattion ion w h e r e t he he where mass where air m a s s e s ddrop r o p down d o w n aafte f t e rr ppassing a s s i n g tthe he m o u n t ains a i n s .. As e s uult l t of this air masses mount As aa rres of this o r o g r a p h i c influence, i n f l u e n c e , tthe he P ineview D a m sstation t a t i o n rreceives e c e i v e s considerabl considerably orographic Pineview Dam more pprecipitation r e c i p i t a t i o n tthan h a n tthe he H u n t s vville i l l e station. station. Hunts Graph of pprr eec me G r a p h sshowing h o w i n g tthe h e annual a n n u a l rrate a t e of c iipitation p i t a t i o n aagainst g a i n s t ttii m e is is pplotted l o t t e d aas s bbar a r graph g r a p h ,, fig f i g uure r e 22 .. Another of pplot, moving A n o t h e r ttype y p e of l o t , tt hhe e m o v i n g mean mean graph. which g r a p h , iis s also a l s o iillustra l l u s t r a tt eed d bby y the t h e ddashed a s h e d lline i n e oon n ffigure i g u r e 22 ,, iin n w h i c h each each plotted p l o t t e d pposition o s i t i o n shows s h o w s t hhe e mean m e a n pprecipitation r e c i p i t a t i o n ffor o r tth h ee tthre h r e ee yyea e a rrss cent c e n t erer­ ing moving mean mii nnor i n g on o n tthe h e year y e a r indicat i n d i c a t ed e d .. In such such m oving m e a n graphs g r a p h s tthe he m o r fluctuafluctua­ t i o n s are a r e smoot s m o o t hhed e d out o u t ,. making m a k i n g iitt ppossible o s s i b l e tto o ppick i c k oout u t ccritical r i t i c a l llow o w periods periods tions a n d tto o study study w e t and a n d dry d r y climati c l i m a t i cc vvariations a r i a t i o n s .. F i g u r e 22 sshows h o w s tthat h a t the the and wet Figure w e t period p e r i o d ss were w e r e centered c e n t e r e d arou a r o u nnd d tthe h e yyear e a r ss 119 9 37 3 7 ,. 11941 9 4 1 ,. 1946 1 9 4 6 ,. 195 1 9 5 6 ,. aa nd nd wet a n d the t h e dry d r y periods p e r i o d s were w e r e cent c e n t eered r e d ar a r oound u n d th t h ee yyea e a rr ss 11939, 9 3 9 , 194 1 9 4 3 , 1953, 1953, 1964 and 1 9 6 0 , and a n d 1966. 1966. 1960, T h e ca c a uuse s e of of precipitatio p r e c i p i t a t i o nn oother t h e r tthan h a n dew d e w aand n d ffros r o s tt is i s ad a diabaticiabaticThe e x p a n s i o n cooling c o o l i n g through t h r o u g h lifting l i f t i n g (B ( Butle u t l e r. r , 1957. 1 9 5 7 , pp .. 8) 8 ) . In I n Ogden O g d e n Vall V a l leeyy , expansion I t h i s lifting l i f t i n g occurs o c c u r s by b y means m e a n s of of orography o r o g r a p h y .. The T h e predom p r e d o m iinant nant w e s tte e rrly l y winds winds this wes b r i n g mOisture m o i s t u r e -laden - l a d e n maritime m a r i t i m e air a i r ,. and a n d the the W a s a ttcch h Mountains M o u n t a i n s llie i e almost almost bring Wasa P e r p e n d i c u l a r t o the t h e inflowing i n f l o w i n g winds. winds. perpendicular T h e areas a r e a s of of heavy h e a v y precipitation precipitation The a r e produced p r o d u c e d by b y the t h e mount m o u n t a iin n slopes s l o p e s acting acting al m o s tt as a s per perm e n t warm warm are mos maa nnent 40 • 40 ~ "'ocuc r /Bar graph graph of of annual annual yBar Precipitation Preci pitat ion - J- year moving moving mean mean 3-year / \r A 30 30 c c 25 g0 2 5 -"ro I% 20 '"u 20 - .... . ~, ""; I '" , ,0- ,, '- I -d n "'(~ LJ ,~ IY ,~, o~ L - A _ 0"" ,--- I - - 35 35 'd "" r R , t' \ __ I ', , '0- - ~ ,, , bo - - r" ' <1 , ,p - ,P o. '-- '" - ~ C "D - 0- IS -ro 15 co c c3 <tC < 10 , 55 • -i 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i r 1—I D r - o1—I o o 1 O T1- O1J C 1O T 1J - I 1D CIO f r ^ o o a > O T - c \ i c O ' « t i n t o r - ; co i; q o o ID CJ5 05 05 Climate year (ending (ending Cli mate year rg f^^iGSSJXSRSS December 31) 31) December F i g u r e 22 . Precipitation P r e c i p i t a t i o n in i n Ogden O g d e n Va V alley, l l e y , Utah. Utah. Figure Pinev P i n e v ie i e w Dam D a m.. R e c o r d of of station s t a t i o n located l o c a t e d at at Record 13 frontal f r o n t a l surfaces s u r f a c e s up u p which w h i c h the t h e precipitation-producing p r e c i p i t a t i o n - p r o d u c i n g air a i r masses m a s s e s are are d r i v e n by b y the t h e westerlies. w e s t e r l i e s . Between B e t w e e n mountain m o u n t a i n ranges r a n g e s precipitation p r e c i p i t a t i o n dede­ driven c r e a s e s sharply s h a r p l y as a s the t h e air a i r masses m a s s e s descend d e s c e n d from from the t h e peaks p e a k s to t o the t h e valley. valley. creases T h i s descent d e s c e n t of of the t h e air a i r masses m a s s e s along a l o n g the t h e easterly e a s t e r l y slopes s l o p e s is i s known k n o w n as as This s u b s i d e n c e and a n d has h a s the t h e effect e f f e c t of of warming w a r m i n g the t h e air a i r mass m a s s in i n aa fashion fashion subsidence s i m i l a r to t o the t h e cooling c o o l i n g caused c a u s e d by b y ascent a s c e n t (Bruce ( B r u c e and a n d Clark, C l a r k , 1969, 1 9 6 9 , p. p . 13). 13). similar M u c h of of the t h e rain r a i n and a n d snow, s n o w , therefore, t h e r e f o r e , falls f a l l s on o n the t h e windward w i n d w a r d slopes slopes Much r a t h e r than t h a n on o n the t h e leeward l e e w a r d slopes s l o p e s and a n d the t h e valley v a l l e y floor. floor. rather GEOLOGY G EOLOGY Geology major G e o l o g y iis s tthe he m a j o r ffac a c ttor o r ccontrolli o n t r o l l i nng g tthe h e ooccurrence c c u r r e n c e , , qualit q u a l i t y, y, a n d aavailability v a i l a b i l i t y of of gground round w a t e r iin n O gden V a l l e y .. T h e ground g r o u n d-- wa w a te ter and water Ogden Valley The rreservoir e s e r v o i r cconsists o n s i s t s of n c o n s o l i d a t eed d ssediments e d i m e n t s tthat h a t hhave a v e bbeen e e n deposi d e p o s i tted ed of uunconsolidat in r g e s ttru r u cctura t u r a llll yy-- ccontrolled o n t r o l l e d bbasin a s i n of o n s o l i d a t e d rrocks. ocks. in a l aarge of cconsolidated T h e thi t h ickck­ The n e s s of h e uunconsolidated n c o n s o l i d a t e d rrocks o c k s iis s pperhaps erhaps m o r e tt hhan a n 4400 0 0 ffee e e tt. . The The ness of tthe more ccons o n s oolidat l i d a t eed d rrocks o c k s of r e - Q u a tteerrnary n a r y aage g e fform o r m tthe h e bboundaries o u n d a r i e s of he of ppre-Qua of tt he g r o u n d -water - w a t e r bbasin. asin. T h e uunconso n c o n s o llidated i d a t e d sediment s e d i m e n t ss iin n tthe h e bbasin a s i n contain contain ground The water tthe h e ground ground w a t e r ppresently r e s e n t l y deve d e v e lloped o p e d aand n d available a v a i l a b l e ffor o r dde e vvelopment, e l o p m e n t , and and they many wa t h e y include include m a n y stra s t r a tt aa of of l oow w ppermeability e r m e a b i l i t y tthat h a t confine confine w a tteer r iin n more more wer of the ppermeable e r m e a b l e bbeds e d s ,, causing c a u s i n g a rrtesian t e s i a n conditions c o n d i t i o n s iin n the t h e lo low e r pparts a r t s of the volley. valley. Th T h e llithology i t h o l o g y of of the t h e vvari a r i ous o u s deposit d e p o s i t ss l arge a r g e lly y determines d e t e r m i n e s tthe h e areas areas of of rech r e c h aarge r g e and a n d of of natural n a t u r a l discha d i s c h a rrge g e of of ground g r o u n d wa w a t ee rr.. Lithology L i t h o l o g y aallso so determines which d e t e r m i n e s tthe h e yie y i e lld d of of t hhe e aq a q uuifer i f e r ss and a n d the t h e de d e ppth t h to to w h i c h deve d e v e l o pment pment of of ground g r o u n d wa w a tt eer r is i s ppresently r e s e n t l y feasible, f e a s i b l e , a nnd d it i t is i s an a n important i m p o r t a n t det d e t ermi e r m i nant nant of of tthe h e chemical c h e m i c a l quality q u a l i t y of of ground g r o u n d wate w a t e rr within w i t h i n the t h e basin. basin. Rocks R o c k s and a n d Their T h e i r Wa W a ttere r - BBea e a rrii nng g Properties Properties T h e rocks r o c k s in i n Ogden O g d e n Va V a lley l l e y and a n d its i t s wa w a tte e rr sshed h e d were w e r e divided d i v i d e d into into Th t h r e e principal p r i n c i p a l group g r o u p ss - consolidated c o n s o l i d a t e d rocks r o c k s of of pre p r e --Tertiar T e r t i a r yy age a g e ,, unconuncon­ three s o l i d a t e d and a n d poorly p o o r l y consolida c o n s o l i d a tted e d rocks r o c k s of of Te T e rti r t i ary a r y age a g e ,, and a n d unconsolidated unconsolidated SOlidated rock r o c k s of Quaternary Q u a t e r n a r y age. age. 15 Rocks R o c k s of of prep r e - TTertiary e r t i a r y Age Age T h e ppre-Tertia r e - T e r t i a rry y rocks r o c k s of of Ogden O g d e n Va V a ll l l ey e y are a r e exposed e x p o s e d in i n t hhe e mounmoun­ Th t a i n s s uurrounding r r o u n d i n g tthe h e va v a llll ey e y (Pl ( P l ate a t e 1) 1). tains T h e s e rocks r o c k s rrange a n g e iin n aage g e from from These P r e c a m b r i a n tto o l ate ate P a l e o z o i c . Several Several m a j o r stratigraphic s t r a t i g r a p h i c gaps g a p s int i n tee rrupt rrupt Precambrian Paleozoic. major t h e s eeq q uuence e n c e of of t hhe e exposed e x p o s e d rrocks o c k s .. In gener g e n e r a ll,, tthese h e s e gaps g a p s exclude e x c l u d e from from the t h e area a r e a the t h e Ordovician O r d o v i c i a n ,, Silurian S i l u r i a n ,, m u c h of h e Devonian D e v o n i a n ,, and a n d t hhe e Permian Permian the much of tthe s y s t e m s of of t hhe e Paleozoic P a l e o z o i c era e r a .. Table T a b l e 1 is i s a generalized g e n e r a l i z e d stratigraphic stratigraphic systems c o l u m n of of a llll the t h e rrocks o c k s in i n and a n d adjacent a d j a c e n t tto o Ogden O g d e n Valley V a l l e y. column T h e o ldest l d e s t rrocks o c k s tthat h a t crop c r o p out o u t in i n the t h e surrounding surrounding m o u n t a i n s are are a The mountains thick Precambrian t h i c k series s e r i e s of of P r e c a m b r i a n metamorphic m e t a m o r p h i c rrocks o c k s .. These T h e s e rocks r o c k s cons c o n s tit t i t ut u tee part western p a r t of of the t h e eas e a s ttern e r n ,, nnorthern o r t h e r n ,, and and w e s t e r n bboundary o u n d a r y of of the t h e gro g r ound u n d--wa w a tt er er basin. basin. During water may D u r i n g spring s p r i n g runoff r u n o f f ,, some some w ater m a y ent e n t eer r these t h e s e rrocks o c k s tthrough hrough f r a c t u r e s ,, jjoint o i n t s ,, and a n d bedding b e d d i n g planes p l a n e s .. A small s m a l l ppart a r t of of tthis his w e r probably probably fractures waa tter m o v e s gradua g r a d u a llll yy downward d o w n w a r d and a n d finds f i n d s its i t s way w a y i nntt oo the t h e sand s a n d and a n d gravel gravel move a q u i f e r s al a l oong n g tthe h e wes w e s tteern r n mountain m o u n t a i n front f r o n t where w h e r e tthe h e bbeds e d s d i pp ttowa o w a rrd d the the aquifers valley. valley. Rocks Canyon R o c k s of of Pa P a leozoi l e o z o i cc age a g e crop c r o p out o u t al a l oong n g Ogden Ogden C a n y o n a mile m i l e wes w e s tt of Pineview Fork River P i n e v i e w Dam D a m ,, on o n bot b o t hh sides s i d e s of of t hhe e South South F o r k Ogden Ogden R i v e r between between Magpie miles M a g p i e Can C a n yyo o nn and a n d Cobble C o b b l e Creek C r e e k ,, and a n d about a b o u t two two m i l e s south s o u t h of of Mona M o n a stery stery between Watts Herd b e t w e e n Ball B a l l yy W a t t s Cree C r e e kk and a n d Sheep Sheep H e r d Creek C r e e k .. The T h e o uutcrops t c r o p s a llong o n g the the South Fork South F o r k Ogden O g d e n River R i v e r are a r e llarge a r g e e nnough o u g h tto o rrece e c e iive v e appreciable a p p r e c i a b l e rrecha e c h a rrge g e large l a r g ell yy from snowmelt. snowmelt. from P a r t of of t hhis i s recha r e c h a rrge ge w a t eer r pprobabl r o b a b l yy pprr ovides o v i d e s a base b a s e fl f low ow Part wat 16 16 I Thickness, description, distribution, and water-bearing properties of rocks exposed ir. Ogden VaUey and its watershed. >3- Coody, 195'/; Fardley, 1944; Eriksson, 1960; Laraway, 1958; Lofgren, 1955; and Veatch, 1907. System |Thickness Description or Distribution Water-Bearing Properties Series Era Period (ft) Formation ,,_ .... are .,. Iac&IOd y wil yield water in Fan graveis, best exposures located Probabl f ... u •• ' • • flood-plain " .... d·"". Recent quantities Yield ' gravel, sand, and silt,......'''''' slope a.Iooi long the of moderate .,.. northern """...... parts PO'" e( "'''.-.''''''''. limited mostly by the thick­ •ash deposits, 08J and land,:.,10 slide th"e valley. , ....... ness of the deposit.-. deposits. Most ly Lacust rine sand ...., and • fBonnevile 1CM0 I%el, ...... " ......... {.xiii perched ....._ ...... gravel. ely Local wat er bodies J Formation ", ...1. Poo"1 .. """",101, _,ocI. Poorly 10to moderat sorted. Constitutes part' 01of IUthe ......,. valley a-... bovn ...confi ing ...... layer.r .... Form Bor.nen c....",.. ,....... "~"n ... ,s the b e d o01f the fIIl_J,USt'!. fill b e l o w 5, 1 35 ft. Quaternary 'hI confining co., ..... 1><4 .. . ville *5 Yo<.,,_ >\I •• Sootlol Ii i.s , "ex­ Lacustrine silt. Sort i n g artesian aquifer. "'-"'011.,. <dImLSho-.. cellent. Show......... s varving. ^H^mation 10-100 Fan gravels. Interfingered Constitutes part of the valley Most wells in the Artesian re-Lake Pleistocene P 3 0 0 Park area obtain water from lenses of fine-grained sedi­ fill. Bonnevile ments within the gravel. the gravel and sand deposits Deposits Mostiy horizontally bedded. of the upper parts. Wel sorted. Unconsolidated, poorly sorted Forms lowridges.Crops out It has a relatively low per­ Upper Upper Pliocene(T) 300-800 boul der fargK-n.-rate. Qu.-rt- northeast and south of Ogden meability, wil not receive zitic boulders of Precambrian Valley. much rechants. Fanjilomerate and Cambrian age are pre­ dominant. Weathers to sur­ faces of botddery soil. s a ridge between OgdenActs as an underlying confin­ Light-colored to white tuff. FnodrmM L o w e r N o r w o o d T u f f 400-800 organ Valleys. Consti­ ing belt to hold water in the Well-stratified and lithified. atutes Oligocene a major part of the valleyfill.Supplies water of Persistent bedding suggests eastern, and south­ good quality to hawtins fluviatile-iacusmne ern deposiboundary ­ western, of Ogdsn spring. Yield unknown. tion. Lenses of volcanic con­ glomerate not uncommon. Valley. „ Tertiary Weathers to white rolling hills. Permeamlity is low. Yields water of unknown Lowci <?) K n i g h t Format i o n -tities to several springs. Eocene Coarse, red, cliff-making con- i Constitutes a small part of qua. Supplies utter ol good glomerate. Well-rounded j the southeastern valley quality to Ben.-iet spruig. boulders, ch«riy Precambnan boundary. and Paleozoic quarliite, ! embedded in fine-grained red | matrix. Crude, massive f with widespread j j bidding, uniformity. Meuium gray, finely crystal­ 1.100 Brazer Formation 1,100 line Imvsrone, tan to red sandstone, asid purpie to olive • • •bale. Smal outcrops not know to Light gray, i hits-beddsd, Ito""", 00 HumbcgrF........ orma- .800 highly jointed quartzites and 'vale: biaruie in the area. cut principally near beBecause tioa dark gray to black, thin- Crops ecoerapnic h e a d of O g d e n Canyon, S m a l bedded, finely crystalline outcrops located 1.5 mile position ofofthe theoutcrops, not da-omits. > sot;th of Monast e ry. practical for ground-wat er Mississippian , exploration. Descret ULi...m"""" estone 175 Thin-bedded, slightly argilla­ 11<,..., ceous. Claris biuc iimctone. Madison Limestone 675 Gray, coarsely erystaiUne, massive dolomite in upper parts, thin-bedded, gray, medium-crystaline limestone in lower. Fossils are common. / U nconformity Uoo<oaI...,.;o~ Buff-weathering sandstones, j _ | Beirdneau ... ,11 ,1<101 _ Intercalated with dolomite j g.S M em ber !! M<: .... Probably will yie,,>t ld hsom e ana limestone a; the bottom, j Crops out only in Ogden...... ... , ..... :k h water. 0.", areasP-.;Io of bot _,"" ,O-lcfcp ... ._ ..... j Canyon. U O O Devonian m m e m b e r s ar e not l a rge e n o u g h Bl a ck dolomite a n d l i m e­ ff th' ..... 100' fi<l4 . .. , ... u, ..... mber I for yields of large quantities. stone. Fossils are abundant, j -- |UHMyruem Basal unit is a dark limestone,"*' Upper Upper 1,300 banded with mudstone and ~. "'~ C ambrian Cambrian ~beds of oolitic and pisolitic undivided limestone. Da;k gray and crystalline dolomite member. Tan to olive shales interbedded with carbonate units. Outcrops or.arc Ilfp large eno,~ugh'0 to 0-"...,. receive appreci. ..... a"""111', ble recharjre. Onlv .... on""",0<1>1>10 e JPnnl spnn^ """" issue-; from Medium to dark gray Hme- Small exposures along the ....... Blacksmith 700 00'" Brigbar. i Quartzite andr""" its stonc, commonly oolitic. > South Fork Ogden River. "'I Formation ~.ismnot o."",~. J<'4 ." yi e l d k n o w n . The out­ torU ~ .... ~ " . Th< .. crops are not, L.in .a favorabl et • Cambrian Brown to olive green upper Ophir Shale 200 ............. I • ..".tl< geographi c,.......I001,.,,,PI' position to suppl Middle , and lower shale members, ami _ .""", I I'y wat e r t o O g d e n Val l e y. Cambrian the middle limestone ........ Of<!" VoJJ<,. memberBasal, black arenaceous dolo­ 400 Langstop mite, gray limestone, and v. Formation green shale. Shale member contains fossils. WWUWW / AV IWWWI Unconformity Crops out prir.iipafly tear Butt, yellow, and psn'c mouth of South Fork Ogden Lower | Bigham U00 i quartz ite. River. Cambrian(7) j Quartzite h~—— •'•• ish and Crops out in the mountain May contain some water Predominantly 'purpl 7,000 | rusty-weathering ass east, north, and west of within diefissures,joints, aid quarteitc m Ogden Valley. other openings and' may sandstones, Precambrian recharge grou rid-Water Undifferentiated AiKosites and pnyllites interaquifers along the western 3,000 mountain front. bedded with gray to green io purple quartzites. , _ .. . . . _II. .,... . ~." _jo. Ctnozoic L w e - ....... ,""... .. Paleozoic -..-.- ."'" J "".. r-- - ........ 1 ,,., ,~ " "~ . blt ~ 17 17 for SSouth Fork Ogden River may move for outh F ork O gden R i v e r aand n d ppa a rrt t m a y ggradua r a d u a lll l yy m o v e ddownwa o w n w a rrd d and and form s m mall form a l l aq a q uuifer i f e r ss aatt tthe h e ssubsurface u b s u r f a c e .. Onl O n l yy oone n e sspring p r i n g iissues s s u e s from Brigham Quart Brigham Q u a r t zzite i t e bbut u t iits t s yyield i e l d iis s nnot o t known known. Rocks Terti R o c k s of of T e r t i aarr yy Age Age M u c hh of e eeas a s tteern r n ,, w e s t eerrn n , , aand n d ssouthern o u t h e r n bboundary o u n d a r y of Ogden Muc of t hhe west of Ogden V a l l e y cons c o n s ii ss tt ss of o c k s of a r y aage g e .. T h e s e rrocks o c k s iincl n c l uude d e Knig K n i g ht ht Valley of rrocks of T Tee rrtt iiary These Formation, Norwood F ormation, N o r w o o d Tuff, Tuff, and a n d uupper p p e r PPli l i ocene o c e n e ( ??) ) FFangl a n g l oomera m e r a tte e aand n d ra r a ng n ge in from ea Eocene Pliocene{?) Miocene i n aage g e from e a rrly(?) ly(?) E o c e n e tt oo lla a tt ee P l i o c e n e , ? ) .. M i o c e n e rrocks o c k s are are m i s s i nng. g. miss Overl of O Ogden O v e r l yying i n g the t h e s t eeply e e p l y dipping d i p p i n g PPaleozoic a l e o z o i c sseri e r i ees s eeas a s tt of g d e n Vall V a l ley ey, horizontall These h o r i z o n t a l l yy bbedded e d d e d conglomerates c o n g l o m e r a t e s dominate d o m i n a t e tthe h e llandscape a n d s c a p e .. T h e s e concon­ glomerat we mation Veatch g l o m e r a t es es w e rr ee named n a m e d Knight K n i g h t For Form a t i o n bby y V e a t c h (1907) ( 1 9 0 7 ) ffor o r expos e x p o s ures ures near Knig This near K n i g ht h t St S t at a t ion i o n ,, Wyoming W y o m i n g .. T h i s 1 , 22000 0 - ffoot o o t --tthick h i c k {ormation f o r m a t i o n consis c o n s i s tt s of well-ro w e l l - r o uunded n d e d qua q u a rrtt zzite i t e bou b o u llders d e r s eembedded mbedded w i t h iinn aa m a t r i x of f i n e-­ of with matrix of fine grained g r a i n e d red r e d sediment s e d i m e n t s .. The we T h e log l o g of of t hhe e w e llll ,, ((AA-- 6-1 6 - 1 )) 23 caa c a a, 3) indi i n d i cat c a t ee th t h aatt t hhe e fo f o rrmat m a t iion o n cons c o n s i ss tt ss of of alternati a l t e r n a t i nng g l ayer a y e r ss of of sa s and n d-­ (fig. 3) s t o n e , congl c o n g l omerat o m e r a t ee ,, a nnd d s ilts i l t s tt oonne e or o r shal s h a l e .. Coody C o o d y (195 ( 1 9 5 7, 7 , pp .. 29) rreports eports atone, t h a t the t h e conglome c o n g l o m e rrate a t e cont c o n t aaii nns s boul b o u l dder e r ss as a s much m u c h aas s 8 ffee e e tt iin n di d iamet a m e teerr . that f o r m atio a t i o nn is i s genera g e n e r a llly l y lightly l i g h t l y t oo fi f i rrmly m l y cemented c e m e n t e d and a n d t hhe e boul b o u lder d e rss The fonn a r e easily e a s i l y removed r e m o v e d from from t hhe e ma m a ttrix r i x .. A A loose l o o s e bbouldery o u l d e r y surface s u r f a c e is i s everyevery­ are w h e r e present p r e s e n t and a n d t he h e for f o r mat m a t iion o n i s ge g e nne e rra a llll yy covered c o v e r e d by b y a t hhin i n and a n d perper­ Where m e a b l e bl b l a nke n k e t of of red r e d soil. s o i l . Because B e c a u s e of of its i t s soil s o i l cover c o v e r and a n d extensive e x t e n s i v e ooutut­ meable c r o p s , the t h e for f o r ma m a tion t i o n ma m a y recei r e c e i vve e appreciable a p p r e c i a b l e r echarge e c h a r g e .. The T h e Knight Knight crops, 19 19 F o r m a t i o n yyie i e llds ds w a t e r of n k n o w n qquantities u a n t i t i e s tto o ssever e v e r aall ssprings p r i n g s bbut u t one one Formation water of uunknown sspring p r i n g /I B e n n e t t sspr p r iing n g ,, ddischa i s c h a rrg g ees s aabout b o u t 8860 6 0 aacre-feet c r e - f e e t of a t e r annua a n n u a lly. lly. Bennett of w water The u aality l i t y of is w a t eer r iis s cconsidered o n s i d e r e d tto o bbe e ggood o o d ((see s e e ttable a b l e 116). 6). The qqu of tt hhis wat T he N o r w o o d Tuff o m p o s e s tthe h e eentire ntire m a s s of h e llow o w hhills i l l s separatseparat­ The Norwood Tuff ccomposes mass of tthe ing gden V a l l e y from organ V l l e y ((located located 7 m i l e s ssouth o u t h of Ogden ing O Ogden Valley from M Morgan Vaa lley miles of Ogden V a l l e y ) .. Valley) IItt ccons o n s iis s tts s of e q u e n c e of e f o r m e d bbeds e d s cchiefly h i e f l y of v o lcanic canic of a ssequence of ddeformed of vol ddetritus, e t r i t u s , aand n d iis s cconsiderably o n s i d e r a b l y yyounger o u n g e r tt hhan a n t hhe e K night F o r m a t iion o n (Lofgren (Lofgren, Knight Format 1 9 5 5 ,I pp.. 775). 5). T h e ssame a m e uunit n i t aalso l s o ddefines e f i n e s tthe h e nnortheastern o r t h e a s t e r n a nnd d pparts a r t s of the The of the 1955 w e s t e r n bboundary o u n d a r y of gden V a l l ey e y .. western of O Ogden Vall T h e ttuff uff w a s nnamed a m e d bby y E e y (1944) (1944) The was Eaa rrdd lley for orwood C a n y o n iin n M organ V alley, w h e r e iitt iis s w e l l eexposed x p o s e d .. for N NOr'\IVood Canyon Morgan Valley, where well T he The N o r w o o d Tuff e l l stratified s t r a t i f i e d aand nd w e l l - t o --ppoorly o o r l y iindurated n d u r a t e d light l i g h t-- color c o l o r ed ed Norwood Tuff i1ss a w well well-to tuff, h i c h consist c o n s i s t ss of n t e r b e d d e d llayers a y e r s of of ttuff, u f f , sandstone, s a n d s t o n e , aand n d volcanic volcanic tuff, w which of iinterbedded a g g l o m e r a t e (fig ( f i g . 3) 3 ) . It pprobably r o b a b l y constitutes c o n s t i t u t e s tthe h e llargest a r g e s t ppart a r t of of tthe h e bedbed­ agglomerate rrock o c k of Ogden V lley. of Ogden Vaa lley. It a s llow o w ppermeability e r m e a b i l i t y and a n d tthus h u s iitt pprobably r o b a b l y acts a c t s as as It hhas a n underlying u n d e r l y i n g confining c o n f i n i n g bbed e d t o hhold old w a t e r in i n the t h e vva a llley l e y ffill i l l .. an water Hawkins Hawkins S p r i n g s issue i s s u e from h e porous p o r o u s bbeds e d s of of tthe h e fformation o r m a t i o n and a n d yyield i e l d water w a t e r of of good good Springs from tthe quality. quality. T h e upper upper P liocene (?) F anglomerate w a s rrecognized e c o g n i z e d in in th Morgan The Pliocene(?) Fanglomerate was hee Morgan area a r e a by b y Egbert E g b e r t (1954) ( 1 9 5 4 ) and a n d Schick S c h i c k (1955) ( 1 9 5 5 ) ,, and a n d was w a s also a l s o rrecognized e c o g n i z e d in i n the the ViCinit by v i c i n i t yy of Huntsville Huntsville b y Lofgren L o f g r e n (1955) ( 1 9 5 5 ) . This T h i s fforma o r m a ttion i o n crops c r o p s out o u t in i n t he he n o r t h e r n and a n d southern s o u t h e r n part p a r t of Ogden O g d e n Valley V a l l e y .. It is i s unconsolidat u n c o n s o l i d a t eed d and and northern u n s o r t e d throughout t h r o u g h o u t its i t s observed o b s e r v e d thickness t h i c k n e s s .. Quartzitic Q u a r t z i t i c boulders b o u l d e r s of PrePreunsorted 20 20 c a m b r i a n aand nd C a m b r i a n aage g e ppredominate. redominate. T h e fformati o r m a t i oon n hhas a s aa relatively relatively catnbrian Cambrian The will llOW o w ppermea e r m e a bbility i l i t y ttherefore, h e r e f o r e , iit t w i l l nnot o t rr6cei e c e i vve e . mmuch u c h recharge. recharge. Rocks of Q Qua R o c k s of u a tteernary r n a r y Age Age T h e Q uuaternary a t e r n a r y rrocks o c k s iinclude n c l u d e tthe h e uunconsolidated n c o n s o l i d a t e d ssediments e d i m e n t s of the The of the P l e i s t o c e n e aand nd R e c e n t eepochs. pochs. T h e PPleistocene l e i s t o c e n e ssediments e d i m e n t s cconsist o n s i s t of of Pleistocene Recent The t h e pre-La p r e - L a kke e B o n n e v i l l e aalluvial l l u v i a l ggravels r a v e l s aand n d ssands a n d s aand nd L a k e Bonneville Bonneville the Bonneville Lake g r a v e l s , ss6:nds a n d s ,. ssilts, i l t s , aand n d cclays. l a y s . All h e s e ssediments ediments w e r e de d e rived rived gravels, All tthese were from the t h e surrounding surrounding w a t e r s h e d aand n d ddeposited eposited w i t h i n tthe h e vvalley a l l e y trough. trough. from watershed within e c e n t ddeposit e p o s i t ss aare r e ffan a n ggravels r a v e l s ,, fflood-plain l o o d - p l a i n ggrave r a v e ll,, ssand, a n d , aand n d ss ilt, ilt, The R Recent s l o p e wash w a s h ddepoSits e p o s i t s , aand n d l aandslide n d s l i d e ddeposits e p o s i t s tthat h a t hhave ave m o v e d downs d o w n s lo l o pe pe elope moved I i n t o tthe h e vvalley a l l e y ttrough r o u g h from h e ssurrounding urrounding m o u n t a i n s .. FFrom r o m tthe h e avail a v a i l-­ into from tthe mountains a b l e well w e l l l ogs o g s iitt iis s eestimated s t i m a t e d tthat h a t t hhese e s e ssediments e d i m e n t s a rre e m o r e tthan h a n 4400 0 0 feet feet able more thick. thick. The more T h e clccumulation a c c u m u l a t i o n of of m o r e than t h a n 3300 0 0 ffeet e e t of of tthese h e s e sediments s e d i m e n t s below below t h e bedrock: b e d r o c k ooutle u t l e tt of of tthe h e valley v a l l e y iindi n d i cat c a t ees s tthat h a t tthese h e s e ssediments e d i m e n t s were were the d e p o s i t e d within w i t h i n a ggraben r a b e n .. Ogden Ogden V a l l e y is i s ssimila i m i l a rr iin n m a n y respects r e s p e c t s to to depoSited Valley many o t h e r structura s t r u c t u r a ll "back " b a c k vvalleys" a l l e y s " east e a s t of of the the W a s a t cch h F ront. other Wasat Front. E a r d l e y (1955) (1955) Eardley s u g g e s t e d large-scale l a r g e - s c a l e b llock o c k ffaulting a u l t i n g in in M o r g aan n and a n d Cache Cache V l l eys e y s .. This This luggested Morg Vaa ll f a u l t i n g started s t a r t e d iin n l aate t e Pliocene P l i o c e n e ttime, i m e , and a n d tthe h e downthrown d o w n t h r o w n bblocks l o c k s remained remained faulting t h e locale l o c a l e of of sedimentation s e d i m e n t a t i o n a llll during d u r i n g the the P l e i s t o c e n e and a n d even e v e n t oo the the the Pleistocene p r e s e n t . The T h e same s a m e bblock l o c k faulting f a u l t i n g probably p r o b a b l y cr c r eated e a t e d the t h e graben g r a b e n in i n Ogden Ogden present. V a l l e y in i n which w h i c h more m o r e t hhan a n 400 4 0 0 ffee e e tt of of Quaternary Q u a t e r n a r y sediments s e d i m e n t s were w e r e deposited. deposited. Valley 21 21 T h e events e v e n t s that t h a t resulted r e s u l t e d in i n the t h e filling f i l l i n g of of the t h e lower l o w e r parts p a r t s of of the t h e fault fault The t r o u g h are a r e not n o t known k n o w n in i n det d e t ai a i l. l . It is i s ,, however, h o w e v e r , reasonable r e a s o n a b l e to t o assume a s s u m e that that trOUgh d u r i n g t he h e dry d r y periods p e r i o d s a llluvium l u v i u m was w a s deposited d e p o s i t e d by b y streams s t r e a m s entering e n t e r i n g tthe he during v a l l e y and a n d during d u r i n g the t h e wet w e t periods p e r i o d s the t h e valley v a l l e y pprobably r o b a b l y contained c o n t a i n e d a pre p r e-valley B o n n e v i l l e Pleistocene P l e i s t o c e n e Lake L a k e .. D u r i n g the t h e l ate a t e Pleistocene P l e i s t o c e n e epoch epoch a Lake Bonneville During p l u v i a l l ake a k e ,, commonly c o m m o n l y known k n o w n as a s Lake L a k e Bonneville B o n n e v i l l e ,, was w a s formed f o r m e d in i n Great Great pluvial Salt Lake L a k e Va V a lley. l l e y . An arm a r m of of Lake L a k e Bonneville B o n n e v i l l e extended e x t e n d e d into i n t o Ogden O g d e n Va V alll ley, ey, Salt and the t h e deposits d e p o s i t s l a iid d down d o w n in i n tthat h a t arm a r m form form m u c h of of the t h e uupper p p e r 100 1 0 0 ffee e e tt or or and much of t hhe e valley v a l l e y fiJ f i lI. l. more of Pre-Lake B o n n e v i l l e Deposits D e p o s i t s (Pl ( P eistocene) leistocene) Pre-Lake Bonneville P r e - L a k e Bonneville B o n n e v i l l e deposits d e p o s i t s iinclude n c l u d e ffan a n gravels g r a v e l s and a n d stream s t r e a m-laid -laid Pre-Lake g r a v e l s , sand s a n d ,, ssilt i l t ,, and a n d c llay a y .. In In tthe h e ffoothills o o t h i l l s along a l o n g tthe h e east e a s t side s i d e of the gravels, of the v a l l e y an a n alluvial a l l u v i a l ffan a n deposited d e p o s i t e d at a t tthe he m o u t h of Geertsen C r e e k consists consists valley mouth of Geertsen Creek of bboulders o u l d e r s ,. ppebbl e b b l es, e s , and a n d llocally o c a l l y sand. sand. B e d d i n g iis s ggenerally enerally w e a k to to of Bedding weak o b s c u r e ,. sorti s o r t i nng g ffai a i rr tto o vvery e r y ppoor o o r ,. aand n d ttre h e ggravel r a v e l aang n g uular l a r t oo subrounded subrounded. obscure The ffan a n ggravel r a v e l iis s oobviously b v i o u s l y tth h ee rresult e s u l t of d e p o s i t i o n bby y aa stream s t r e a m ssubject u b j e c t tt oo The of deposition h e a v y ffll oods o o d s .. Some S o m e of of t hhe e ddeposits e p o s i t s sshow h o w bbetter e t t e r bbedding e d d i n g and a n d tthus h u s suggest suggest heavy d e p o s i t i o n bby y nnonflooding o n f l o o d i n g sstreams t r e a m s .. T h e ffan a n iis s oolder l d e r tth h aan n L a k e Bonneville Bonneville deposition The Lake for tthe h e hhigh-wate i g h - w a t e rr m a r k of h e llake a k e iis s iimpressed m p r e s s e d oon n iit. t , aand n d tthe h e lake lake for mark of tthe d e p o s i t s ooverlap v e r l a p tthe h e fan. fan. deposits T h e ggravel. r a v e l , ssand, a n d , ssilt. i l t , aand n d cclay l a y oobserved b s e r v e d nnorth o r t h of i b e r t y were were The of LUberty P r o b a b l y ddeposited e p o s i t e d bby y N o r t h FFork ork O gden R i v e r pprior r i o r tto o tthe h e iinvasion n v a s i o n of of JII'obably North Ogden River )1 v EXPLANAT ION Location Source (A-5-1) 12 abd O,b (A-7· 1) 7 dda 09 (A -7-1)35 dcd 09 (A-6-2)2 1 ace O.b %.00' 0 .01 0.1 1.0 Partic1e Millimeter", Particle Diameter in Millimeters Figure Gra of soil F i g u r e 44 .. G r a in i n -- ssiizze e accumulation a c c u m u l a t i o n ccurve u r v e of s o i l samples samples '0 Classification Gravelly silty sand Gravelly c1ay· sand Gravelly silty sand Gravelly sandy c1a\ 100 '00 from O Ogden cco o llll eected c t e d from g d e n Va V alll ley. ey. N N 23 23 O gden V a l l e y bby y L ake B o n n e v i l l e .. Ogden Valley Lake Bonneville T h e ggravels r a v e l s aare r e hhori o r i zzontally o n t a l l y bbedded e d d e d and and The of aa m mixture of bboulder cconsist o n s i s t of i x t u r e of o u l d e r s ,, ccobbles o b b l e s ,, ppebbles e b b l e s ,, ggrr aanul n u l es e s ,, aand n d matermater­ iials a l s of a n d aa nnd d ssilt i l t ssize i z e .. of ssand T h e ppebbles e b b l e s aare r e ggenerally e n e r a l l y ssubrounded u b r o u n d e d to to The rrounded o u n d e d aannd d tthe h e ccoarser o a r s e r ccomponents o m p o n e n t s aare re m o s t l yy ssubang u b a n g uula l a rr. . mostl C u r v e nno o .. 22 Curve iin n ff1gure i g u r e 44 rrepresent e p r e s e n t ss tth h ee ggrain r a i n - ssize i z e aaccumu c c u m u llation a t i o n ccurve u r v e of g r a vel vel of aa gra s a m p l e ccollected o l l e c t e d from i l e nnorth o r t h of i b e r t y .. T h e rresults e s u l t s of mechanical sample from i1ft m mile of LLiberty The of mechanica aanalys n a l y s ees s iindicat n d i c a t ee tt hhat a t tthe h e ssediment e d i m e n t cconsists o n s i s t s of 5 % ggrave r a v e ll,, 228% 8 % sand s a n d ,I of 335% 1 9 . 5 % ssilt, i l t , aa nnd d 17. 1 7 . 55% % cc llay. ay. S a m p l e nno o .. 33 i nn ffigure i g u r e 44 w a s collect c o l l e c t ed ed 19.5% Sample was 3/4 m i l e eeast a s t of den. T h e hhand a n d aauger u g e r ffirst i r s t ppenetrated e n e t r a t e d aa 33 -foot-thic foot-thick 3/4 mile of EEden. The bbluish l u i s h cclay l a y lla a yyer e r aand n d tthen h e n aa ssaturated a t u r a t e d ggrave r a v e ll ssequence e q u e n c e .. T h e clay clay The l a y e r pprobably r o b a b l y bbe e llongs o n g s tto o tthe he L ake B o n n e v i l l e group g r o u p aand n d tthe h e ggrave r a v e ll is is layer Lake Bonneville p r o b a b l yy ppre r e -- LLake ake B o n n e v i l l e . The The m e c h a n i c a l aana n a llyses y s e s of h e gravel gravel probabl Bonneville. mechanical of tthe s a m p l e oobtained b t a i n e d bbetween e t w e e n tt hhe e ddepths e p t h s of of 33 aand n d 55 ffee e e tt ii nndicate d i c a t e tthat h a t the the sample s a m p l e consists c o n s i s t s of of 443 3 .. 66% % ggrave r a v e ll,, 34 3 4 ..4% 4 % ssand, a n d , 11.6% 1 1 . 6 % ssilt i l t ,, and a n d 10.4% 10.4% sample clay. clay. Pleistoce Bonneville Ogden Valley P l e i s t o c e nne e ppre r e --Lake Lake B o n n e v i l l e de d e pposits o s i t s uund n d ee rr O gden V a l l e y are are leveral s e v e r a l hhundred u n d r e d feet f e e t t hhick. i c k . These T h e s e deposits d e p o s i t s hhave a v e bbeen e e n penetrat p e n e t r a t eed d by by leveral wells. From wells s e v e r a l de d e ee pp w ells. F r o m tthe h e logs l o g s of of w e l l s iitt iis s inferred i n f e r r e d tthat h a t tthe h e t oop p of of t h e pre-Lake pre-Lake B o n n e v i l l e deposits d e p o s i t s iis s commonly c o m m o n l y from 1 5 0 ffeet e e t below below the Bonneville from 70 t oo 150 t h e land l a n d surface. surface. the T h e log l o g o{well, of w e l l , (A( A -66 - 11) ) 14 bbbab a - 1l,, iin n figure f i g u r e 5, 5 , indiindi­ The c a t e s that t h a t the t h e top t o p of of pre p r e - LLake a k e Bonne B o n n e vville i l l e depos d e p o s iits t s is i s about a b o u t 100 1 0 0 feet f e e t below below cates t h e Surface s u r f a c e and a n d that t h a t their t h e i r thickness t h i c k n e s s is i s about a b o u t 320 3 2 0 feet f e e t .. The T h e well w e l l also also the P e n e t r a t e s a thick t h i c k cli3Y c l a y deposit d e p o s i t which w h i c h represent r e p r e s e n t ss tth h ee Al A l pine p i n e Formation F o r m a t i o n .. penetrates 24 -----------------~~--------~ T3 ~T3O T3 Humbug Formation J .~{: =, ;i;i • ~ .. ~ ~ ~ e XP L ANA TI ON EXPLANATION '~' : " ~' Gravel ravel ~ G r E.£:.2.:J f.: Grave l + Sand Gravel -ATI| Gravel + Clay Gravel ~ ~ ~ .. ... .... ... ... 1 ... y~ 2 ::> .... 0 0 0 0 1 I I ;n Miles Horizontal Scale, in M iles "'"z 0 Sand Sand Clay + + Silt r i r i r j Clay Fm. Fm. boundary boundary Correlation Correlittion lines within fformations ormat ions within 1 Figure Generalized Ogden F i g u r e 55.. G e n e r a l i z e d ggeologica e o l o g i c a ll ccross r o s s -- ssection e c t i o n aacross cross O gden eextend x t e n d iing ng N 0 ° E from i n e v i e w Dam. Dam. N 770°£ from PPineview Valley, Valley, 25 25 A lean w e l l - s o r t e d ggravel ravel m a r k s tthe h e ttop o p of h e ppre r e --LLake a k e Bonneville Bonneville A cclean well-sorted marks of tthe ddeposit e p o s i t ss /, w h i c h cconstitute o n s t i t u t e tthe h e pprincipal r i n c i p a l aartesian r t e s i a n aaquifer q u i f e r iin n tthe h e lower lower which pparts a r t s of gden V a l l e y .. of O Ogden Valley M ost w e llls l s iin n tthe he A r t e s i a n PPark a r k aarea r e a oobtain b t a i n water water Most we Artesian from h e uuppermost p p e r m o s t ppre r e --Lake Lake B o n n e v i l l e ggravel, r a v e l , ffor or w h i c h tthe h e overlying overlying from tthe Bonneville which Alpine o r m a t i o n fforms o r m s tthe h e cconfining o n f i n i n g llayer ayer. Alpine FFormation S o m e iint n t eerfingered r f i n g e r e d l eenses n s e s of i n e - g r a i n e d ssediments ediments w i t h i n the the Some of ffine-grained within ggravel r a v e l aare r e hhori o r i zzontally o n t a l l y bbedded e d d e d aand nd w e l l ssorted o r t e d ,, aand n d suggest s u g g e s t llacustrine acustrine well ssedimentation e d i m e n t a t i o n .. A l t h o u g h sseveral e v e r a l of h e s ee llenses e n s e s of i l t aand n d cclay l a y form form Although of tthes of ssilt c o n f i n i n g bbeds eds w i t hhin i n tthe h e ggravel r a v e l ,, tthese h e s e llenses e n s e s a rre e nnot o t of i d e extent, e x t e n t , and and confining wit of w wide the t h e enti e n t i rre e system s y s t e m bbehaves e h a v e s hhydraulically y d r a u l i c a l l y aas s aa ssing i n g lle e aquifer a q u i f e r (Lofgren (Lofgren, 1955, 1 9 5 5 , pp .. 80) 8 0 ). Lake Bonneville Lake B o n n e v i l l e Deposits Deposits Lake B o n n e v i lle, l l e , the t h e llast a s t of h e great great P l e i s t o c e n e lakes l a k e s tthat h a t flooded flooded Lake Bonnevi of tthe Pleistocene Ogden Valley, miles western Utah Ogden V a l l e y , covered c o v e r e d almost a l m o s t 2200 ,, 0000 0 0 square square m i l e s in in w estern U t a h and and had a maximu maximum d e p t h of of aabout b o u t 1,000 1 , 0 0 0 fee f e e tt.. The T h e depOSits d e p o s i t s ttha h a tt w e r e llaid aid had m depth were down Lake Bonnevil!e were d o w n in in L ake B onneville w e r e divided d i v i d e d into i n t o three t h r e e fformations o r m a t i o n s bby y Hunt H u n t (1953, (1953, P. P . 17), 1 7 ) , each e a c h of of which w h i c h rrepresent e p r e s e n t ss a different d i f f e r e n t s tt aage g e in i n tth h ee history h i s t o r y of of the the old Alpine Bonneville Provo old lake l a k e .. These T h e s e are a r e the the A l p i n e ,, B o n n e v i l l e ,, and and P r o v o Formations F o r m a t i o n s ,, of of the the Lake BonneVille B o n n e v i l l e Group, G r o u p , and a n d tthey h e y correspond c o r r e s p o n d respectively r e s p e c t i v e l y to t o what w h a t Gilbert Gilbert lake (1890) referred Bonneville, r e f e r r e d t o as a s the t h e Int I n t ermed e r m e d ia i a te t e ,, B o n n e v i l l e , and a n d Provo P r o v o stages s t a g e s of of t h e lake. l a k e . Around A r o u n d Great G r e a t Salt S a l t Lake L a k e ,, Gilbert G i l b e r t recognized r e c o g n i z e d a fourth f o u r t h stage s t a g e that that the he named d tth h ee SStansbury t a n s b u r y . . TThis h i s iis s tthe h e yyoungest o u n g e s t sstage t a g e aand n d rre e ppresents resents a h e n a m e 26 26 llake a k e llevel e v e l llower o w e r tthan h a n tthe h e ootther h e r tthree. hree. T h e ddeposits e p o s i t s of r o v o aand n d StansStansThe of PProvo bUrY sstages were bury tages w e r e ddeposited e p o s i t e d oonly n l y aat t eelevations l e v a t i o n s bbelow e l o w tthe h e llowest o w e s t ppoint o i n t in in Ogden Valley O gden V a l l e y aand n d hhence e n c e ddo o nnot o t ooccur c c u r iin n there there. Alpine FFormation o r m a t i o n .. O l d e s t of he L ake B onneville G r o u p iis s tthe h e Alpine Alpine 6!pine Oldest of tthe Lake Bonneville Group FFonnation o r m a t i o n ,. w hich w a s ddeposited eposited w h i l e tthe h e ll aake ke w a s aat t tthe h e 5, 5 , 100-foot 100-foot which was while was llevel. evel. T y p i c a l l y , tth h ee A l p i n e FFormation o r m a t i o n ccontains o n t a i n s aa hhigh i g h pproportion r o p o r t i o n of f i n e-Typically, Alpine of fine t e x t u r e d ssed e d iiments, ments, m o s t l y ss iilt. lt. S o r t i n g iis s eexcell x c e l l eent; n t ; tthe h e bbedding e d d i n g iis s very very textured mostly Sorting d i s t i n c t aand n d iin n tthe h e ffiner-g i n e r - g rrained a i n e d ssediments e d i m e n t s iindividual n d i v i d u a l bbeds e d s ccommonly o m m o n l y are are distinct oonly n l y a ffraction r a c t i o n of n iinch n c h thi t h ick ck. of aan In tthe of tthe wes In h e iinterior n t e r i o r of h e vva a llll eey y tthe h e fformation o r m a t i o n tthickens hickens w e s ttward w a r d from from a b o u t 55 tto o 10 e e t tto o aabout b o u t 100 eet. about 10 ffeet 100 ffeet. T h e ssilt i l t aand n d cclay lay m e m b e r of the The member of the Alpine o r m a t i o n is i s of of ggrea r e a tt iimport m p o r t ance a n c e tto o tthe h e ground ground w a t e r iin n Ogden Ogden Alpine FFormation water V a l l e y , bbecause e c a u s e iitt iis s tthe h e cconfining o n f i n i n g bbed e d tt hhat a t pproduces r o d u c e s tthe h e artesian a r t e s i a n condi c o n d i-­ Valley, t i o n . Th Thee m e m b e r iis s tthinly h i n l y and a n d evenly e v e n l y bbedded. edded. tion. member IIndividual n d i v i d u a l bbeds e d s range range from l1/8 t o 2 iinches n c h e s iin n tthickness h i c k n e s s and a n d pprincipally r i n c i p a l l y cconsist o n s i s t of of s iilt l t aand n d clay clay from is to w i t h sparse s p a r s e sand s a n d and a n d fine f i n e gravel g r a v e l iin n a llternating t e r n a t i n g llayer a y e rss . With In pplaces In l a c e s tthe h e rre e are a r e tthe h e llaminations a m i n a t i o n s tthat h a t aare r e tthin h i n enough e n o u g h tto o bbe e sugsug­ gestive g e s t i v e of of vvarves. a r v e s . The T h e vvarves a r v e s cons c o n s iist s t of of alterna a l t e r n a tting i n g tthin h i n l aayers y e r s of of den d e nse, se, lUcky, s t i c k y , pputtyHke u t t y l i k e clay c l a y and a n d si.It, s i l t , uusually s u a l l y grayish g r a y i s h bblue l u e and a n d bbrown. rown. "An apprOXimat a p p r o x i m a t ee count c o u n t of of th t h ee vvar a r vves e s iindi n d i cates c a t e s that t h a t about a b o u t 2S, 25 , 0000 0 0 yyears e a r s is is r e p r e s e nntt eed d bby y the t h e ttotal o t a l thickness t h i c k n e s s of of tthe h e clay c l a y bbed" e d " (Leggette ( L e g g e t t e and a n d Taylor, Taylor, repr-ese ? , p. P . 110). 1 1 0 ) . Leggette L e g g e t t e and a n d Taylo T a y l o rr (1937, ( 1 9 3 7 , pp.. 120) 120) a l sso o rreported e p o r t e d tth h aatt the the 1937, 1 9 3 27 27 of ppermeability of cc ll aays was ccoefficient o e f f i c i e n t of e r m e a b i l i t y of ys w a s lless e s s tth h aan n 00 ..001 1 sshowi h o w i nng g tthat h a t th t he cclay l a y iis s eessentially s s e n t i a l l y impervious. impervious. §,onnevil1e The Bonne B o n n e v i l l e FForma o r m a ttion. ion . T he B o n n e vville i l l e FFormation o r m a t i o n iincludes n c l u d e s ttho h o sse e deposit d e p o s i ts tthat h a t aaccumul c c u m u l aated t e d iin n t hhe e l aake k e ddu u rring i n g iits t s hhighest i g h e s t s t aage g e .. The T h e sshore h o r e lline i n e of of Bonneville maa yy bbe mouths of M Middl South tthe he B o n n e v i l l e sstage tage m e sseen e e n aa tt tt hhe e m o u t h s of i d d l ee aand nd S o u t h Fork Fork O g d een n R i v e r s , eespecially s p e c i a l l y southward s o u t h w a r d tt oowa w a rrd d tt hhe e M o n a s tteerry y .. Ogd Rivers Monas I T h i s iis s the the This hhighest i g h e s t bbench e n c h ,I e llevation e v a t i o n 5 ,I 1135 3 5 ffee e e tt, , oobserved b s e r v e d iin n tthe h e valle v a l l e yy . The mo of tthe T h e l oower w e r bbench, e n c h , ccomposing o m p o s i n g tthe h e dissect d i s s e c t eed d ssurface u r f a c e of of m o sst t of he Ogden Vaa lley of H Huntsville Eden O gden V l l e y ffloor, l o o r , iinc n c llud u d iing n g tthe h e aarea r e a of u n t s v i l l e ,, E d e n ,, and and Point, from eletthe h e ppromontory r o m o n t o r y of of Cemet C e m e t eery ry P o i n t , iis s ggraded r a d e d ddownward o w n w a r d from ele­ of the vvation a t i o n 44 ,,9950 5 0 tto o e l eevati v a t i oon n 4 ,,9915 1 5 t hhroughout r o u g h o u t tthe h e ccentra e n t r a ll ppart a r t of the Frr oom Provo vvalley a l l e y .. F m tthi h i ss it i t iis s iinferred n f e r r e d tth h aat, t , during d u r i n g tthe he P r o v o s ttage a g e of of tthe h e ancient a n c i e n t lake l a k e ,, eexcavation x c a v a t i o n of of tthe h e hhigher i g h e r sediments s e d i m e n t s of of tthe h e Bonne B o n n e-­ ville wit Ogden Vaa lley v i l l e stage s t a g e ttook o o k ppll ace a c e ,, w i t hh pl p l ana a n a tt iion o n tthroughout hroughout O gden V l l e y and and O g d e n Ca C a nnyon y o n g rraded a d e d t oo a P r o v o llake a k e lleve e v e ll ((ee levation l e v a t i o n 44 ,,8800 0 0 fee f e et ) Ogden Provo a t tthe he m o u t hh of of Ogden O g d e n Canyon C a n y o n (L<:>fgren ( L o f g r e n ,, 1955 1 9 5 5 , p .. 82). 82). at mout I n the t h e vvicinity i c i n i t y of of Huntsvi H u n t s v i llle l e and and M o n a s t eery r y some s o m e bbeds e d s assigned a s s i g n e d ttoo In Monast the Bonneville the B o n n e v i l l e Formation F o r m a t i o n a rre e sands s a n d s and a n d sand s a n d yy gr g r avels a v e l s .. C uurves r v e s 1 and and 4 in mecha in ffigure i g u r e 4 represent r e p r e s e n t tthe h e resu r e s u llts t s of of m e c h a nnical i c a l ana a n a lyses l y s e s of of sampl s a m p l es e s that that were w e r e collect c o l l e c t eed d by b y hand h a n d auger a u g e r from from de d e ppths t h s of of 2 t oo 5 feet. feet. COllected c o l l e c t e d from from a small s m a l l pr p r omont o m o n t oory r y about a b o u t a mil mile Sample S a m p l e 1 was was Huu nt nnorth o r t h of of H n t sville s v i l l e .. It It ConSists % sand c o n s i s t s of of 10 1 0 . 55% % gra g r a vel, v e l , 67 6 7 ..5 5% s a n d ,, 10% sil s i l t ,, and a n d 12% 1 2 % c lay. l a y . The The classification c l a s s i f i c a t i o n of of tthe h e sampl s a m p l ee us u s iing n g triangular t r i a n g u l a r charts c h a r t s (Ho ( H o ugh u g h ,, 1957, 1 9 5 7 , p . 24 24)) i s grave g r a v e lly l l y s ilty i l t y sand s a n d .. The T h e sediment s e d i m e n t shows s h o w s good g o o d gradation g r a d a t i o n and a n d moderate moderate 18 s o r t i n g . Sample S a m p l e 4 was w a s collec c o l l e c tted e d from from a mile m i l e wes w e s tt of of Monastery M o n a s t e r y .. It I t concon­ IOrting. s i s t s of of 33 3 3 . 88% % grave g r a v e l ,, 28 2 8 . 88% % sand, s a n d , 17 1 7 . 44% % s ilt i l t ,, and a n d 20% 2 0 % cclay l a y. lists 28 28 R e c e n t Deposit Deposits Recent The T h e rrecent e c e n t ddeposit e p o s i t ss iinclude n c l u d e ffan a n ggravels r a v e l s ,I fflood l o o d -- pplain l a i n ggravel, r a v e l , sand s a n d ,, and i l t , sslope lope w a s h ddeposits e p o s i t s ,I aand n d llandslide a n d s l i d e deposi d e p o s itt ss . and ssilt, wash The of ccoarse T h e ffan a n ggravels, r a v e l s , ccomposed o m p o s e d of o a r s e ,, aangular n g u l a r ,I aand n d ppoorly o o r l y sorted sorted s e d i m e n t s ,, hhave a v e bbeen e e n ddeposited e p o s i t e d iin n tthe h e ffoothills o o t h i l l s aalong l o n g tthe h e eeast a s t sside i d e of of sediments tthe h e vvalley. alley. Wolf Wolf T h e bbest e s t eexposures x p o s u r e s aare r e aatt tthe he m o u t h s of r o a d m o u t h Canyon Canyon, The mouths of BBroadmouth C r e e k ,, M i d d lle e FFork ork O gden R i v e r , aand nd B ally W a t t s Creek C r e e k. Creek Midd Ogden River, Bally Watts Flood F l o o d - pplain l a i n ddeposits e p o s i t s fform o r m rra a tthher e r nnarrow a r r o w bbelts e l t s aalong l o n g tthe h e cchannels h a n n e l s of of North F o r k aannd d S o u t h FFork ork O gden R ivers. T h e s e ddeposi e p o s i tts s cconsis o n s i s tt of m i x-­ North Fork South Ogden Rivers. These of mix ttures u r e s of r a v e l ,, ssand, a n d , aand n d ssilt i l t ,, iin n w h i c h tt hhe e ggravels r a v e l s are a r e ggenerally e n e r a l l y well well of ggravel which r o u n d e d aand n d rrange a n g e iin n size s i z e from m a l l ppebbles e b b l e s tto o llarg a r g ee boulder b o u l d e rss . rounded from ssmall T h e slope slope w a s h deposits d e p o s i t s aare re m a p p e d aall oong n g tthe he w e s t e r n and a n d north n o r t h-­ The wash mapped western eastern m o u n t a i n ffronts r o n t s aas s ccontinuous o n t i n u o u s bbel e l tt ss ove o v e rrll yying i n g tthe h e ppre r e - LLake a k e BonneBonne­ eastern mountain v i l l e and and L a k e Bonneville B o n n e v i l l e deposits. d e p o s i t s . These T h e s e ddeposit e p o s i t ss a rre e characterized c h a r a c t e r i z e d by by ville Lake poor sorting s o r t i n g aand n d a hhigh i g h content c o n t e n t of of cclay l a y and a n d ssilt i l t ssize ize m a t eeria r i a ll ss mixed m i x e d with with poor mat angular a n g u l a r gravels g r a v e l s. A a t h e r llarge a r g e lands l a n d s llide i d e or or m u d fflow l o w deposit d e p o s i t is i s exposed e x p o s e d about about ~ \ mile mile mud A rrather north of of E d e n .. north Eden It o v e r l i e s tthe h e Lake L a k e Bonneville B o n n e v i l l e deposits d e p o s i t s in i n this t h i s location location It overlies and it i t is i s easily e a s i l y reccgnized r e c o g n i z e d bby y its i t s hummocky h u m m o c k y topography. topography. and GEOLOGIC G E O L O G I C STRUCTURES STRUCTURES PPrinc r i n c iipal p a l sstructural t r u c t u r a l ee llements e m e n t s of gden V a l l e y iinclude n c l u d e aa north n o r t h-- south south of O Ogden Valley which of tthe ttrending r e n d i n g ssyncline y n c l i n e ,. hhighi g h - aangle n g l e nnormal o r m a l ffaults aults w h i c h fform o r m tthe h e ssides i d e s of h e graben graben aalong l o n g tthe h e eeast a s t aand nd w est m a r g i n s of h e vvalley a l l e y ,, aand n d aa tthrust h r u s t ffault ault w e s t of h e valley valley. west margins o f tthe west of tthe E d l e y ((l944) 1 9 4 4 ) ddescr e s c r iibed b e d aa bbroad r o a d ssyncline, y n c l i n e , cchiefly h i e f l y iin n tthe h e Knight Knight Eaa rrdley FFormation o r m a t i o n ,, iin n M organ V l l e y .. Morgan Vaa lley H i s oobservations b s e r v a t i o n s iindicate n d i c a t e tth h aatt tthe h e same same His s y n c l i n e ccontinues o n t i n u e s nnorthward o r t h w a r d aacross c r o s s tthe h e ddivide i v i d e iinto nto O gden V l l ey e y .. The The syncline Ogden Vaa ll of K Knight ffolding o l d i n g tt oook o k pplace l a c e aaft f t eer r tthe h e ddepos e p o s iition t i o n of n i g h t FFormation o r m a t i o n aand n d iits t s aage g e is is pprobably r o b a b l y llate a t e Eocene Eocene. Vaa llley west ""Ogden Ogden V l e y iis s a ffau a u llt t ttrough r o u g h bbounded o u n d e d oon n bboth o t h eeas a s tt aand nd w e s t by by middle of tthe ffaults a u l t s tthat h a t ddip i p ttoward o w a r d tthe he m i d d l e of h e vvalley" a l l e y " ((Legg L e g g e ttte t e aand n d Taylor, Taylor, 1937 These 1 9 3 7 ,, pp .. 999) 9 ) .. T h e s e ffaults a u l t s sstrike t r i k e aapproximately p p r o x i m a t e l y iin n tthe h e nnorthwest o r t h w e s t ddirection. irection. Lofgren (1955) ssummarizes western Lofgren (1955) u m m a r i z e s tthe h e eeVidence v i d e n c e ffor o r tthe he w e s t e r n ffault a u l t aas s follows f o l l o w s :: west margin Along tthe Along he w est m a r g i n of of tthe h e vvalley a l l e y aand n d pparalleling a r a l l e l i n g tthe h e general general ttrend r e n d of h e sstruct t r u c t uural r a l ttrough, r o u g h , a scarp s c a r p hhaving a v i n g ssevera e v e r a ll tt eens n s of of of tthe feet Although f e e t of of displacement d i s p l a c e m e n t iis s cclearly l e a r l y ddefined. efined. A l t h o u g h tthis h i s scarp s c a r p is is somewhat m o d i f i e d bby y e rrosion o s i o n ,I iitt iis s rrecent e c e n t eenough n o u g h tto o bbe e traceable traceable somewhat modified iin n rrelief e l i e f ffor o r several several m i l e s ,, aand n d iis s evident e v i d e n t a llong o n g tthe h e bbase a s e of of the the miles m o u n t aain i n ffro r o nnt t w e s t of i b e r t y .. A l o n g t hhis i s ffau a u llt t ttrace r a c e aarise r i s e several several mount west of L Liberty Along s p r i n g s ,, w h iich c h in i n tthe h e area area w e s t of i b e r t y yyield i e l d ssizable i z a b l e quantities quantities springs wh west of L Liberty of cold cold w a t e r of g o o d quality q u a l i t y .. S o u t h aand n d eeas a s tt of of tthe h e lla a rrge g e Uberty Liberty of water of good South sspring p r i n g s ,, a series s e r i e s of s m a l l s p r i n g s f o l l o w s t h e b a s e of t h e f ault of small springs follows the base of the fault s c a r p •. •• .. scarp In 1956, Valley 1 9 5 6 , Stewart S t e w a r t conduct c o n d u c t eed d a gravity g r a v i t y survey s u r v e y in i n Ogden Ogden V a l l e y .. His H i s ssttudies udies indicate marg with i n d i c a t e a fa f a uult l t a llong o n g tthe h e ea. e a sstt m a r g iin n of of the t h e vva a llley ley w i t h a t ootal t a l vertical vertical displacement d i s p l a c e m e n t of of about a b o u t 2 , 0000 0 0 fee f e e tt.. I He H e a l sso o ppos o s tt uulated l a t e d ttwo w o fau f a u llts t s aalong long 30 h e west w e s t margin m a r g i n of the t h e va v a llll ey e y wit w i t hh vertica v e r t i c a ll displacements d i s p l a c e m e n t s ranging r a n g i n g from from the t 500 to t o 2,000 2 , 0 0 0 feet. feet. 500 B l a c k w e l d e r (1910) ( 1 9 1 0 ) first f i r s t re r e cognized c o g n i z e d the t h e Willard W i l l a r d thru t h r u sstt ,, and a n d named named Blackwelder e x p o s u r e s in i n Willard W i l l a r d Canyon C a n y o n .. This T h i s thrust t h r u s t fault f a u l t iin n tthe h e Wasat W a s a t ch ch It from exposures M o u n t a i n s immediately i m m e d i a t e l y west w e s t of of Ogden O g d e n Va V a ll l l ey e y is i s exposed e x p o s e d ffor o r a distance d i s t a n c e of of Mountains m i l e s and a n d has h a s a low l o w dip d i p eastward. eastward. 20 mUes e m p l a c e s young y o u n g eerr Precambri P r e c a m b r ian an "It emplaces s t r a t a on on P a l e o z o i c strata s t r a t a and a n d older o l d e r Precambrian P r e c a m b r i a n crys c r y s tt aallline l i n e rrocks o c k s , in in strata Paleozoic I w h i c h younger younger P r e c a m b r i a n beds b e d s are a r e missing" m i s s i n g " (Eard ( E a r dley l e y ,, 1969 1 9 6 9 ,, pp .. 670) 670). which Precambrian Controversy many C o n t r o v e r s y has h a s exis e x i s tted e d among a m o n g the t h e geologists g e o l o g i s t s Jor for m a n y yyears e a r s concon­ cerning from which mass c e r n i n g tthe h e direction d i r e c t i o n from w h i c h the t h e Precambrian P r e c a m b r i a n thru t h r u sstt m a s s came came. B l a c k w e l d e r (1910) (1910) m a d e tthe h e first f i r s t suggestion s u g g e s t i o n tth h aa tt tthe he W i l l a r d tthrust h r u s t mass mass Blackwelder made Willard was moving w a s a southwest southwest m o v i n g sheet. sheet. Eriksson E r i k s s o n (19 ( 1 9 660) 0 ) conceived c o n c e i v e d tthe h e Willard Willard thrust marginal Norther Utah t h r u s t as a s a gravity g r a v i t y sslide l i d e structure structure m a r g i n a l to t o th t h ee N o r t h e r nn U t a h uplift. uplift. The was from tthe wes The thrust t h r u s t sheet sheet w a s t hhus u s represented r e p r e s e n t e d as a s coming c o m i n g from he w e s tt. . Eard E a r dlley ey (1969) reviewed r e v i e w e d tthe h e ccontroversy o n t r o v e r s y ssurrounding u r r o u n d i n g tthe he W i l l a r d tt hhru r u sst t aand n d pr p resent esent(1969) Willard ed west movement ed a clearl c l e a r l yy devel d e v e l ooped p e d ccase a s e ffo o rr eeast a s t tto o w est m o v e m e n t oon n tt hhe e ffau a u llt t ddue u e to to gravity from tthe of aan g r a v i t y iinduced n d u c e d ssliding l i d i n g from h e ssouthwes o u t h w e s tt eedge d g e of n eextensive x t e n s i v e uuplift p l i f t in in Utah. nnortheast ortheast U tah. Hammond H a m m o n d (1971) ( 1 9 7 1 ) cconduct o n d u c t eed d aa ppetrofabric e t r o f a b r i c sstudy t u d y oon n the the Ttnttc Wii llll aard T i n t i c qquart u a r t zzite i t e iin n tthe h e aarea r e a of of tthe he W r d t hhrust. rust. His H i s ss ttudies u d i e s indicate indicate that movement was west t h a t tthe he m ovement w a s oorigina r i g i n a tteed d iin n tthe he w e s t aand n d ddirect i r e c t eed d ttoward o w a r d tthe h e eas e a s t. t The of W Willard well T h e aage g e of i l l a r d tthrusting h r u s t i n g hhas a s bbeen e e n ffairl a i r l yy w e l l dde e ttermined. ermined. Eard E a r d -­ Cl962) ddates lley e y (1962) a t e s tthe h e ffau a u llti t i nng g tthrough h r o u g h s tt rratigraphic a t i g r a p h i c aand n d sstructural t r u c t u r a l evidence evidence c c u r r i n g dduring u r i n g tthe he M o n t aana n a eepoch p o c h of h e llate a t e Cretaceous Cretaceous. as oOCcurring Mont of tthe a s SURFACE- WATER RESOURCES SURFACE-WATER RESOURCES The of O Ogden Valley T h e ssurface u r f a c e --wat w a t eer r rresources e s o u r c e s of gden V a l l e y iinclude n c l u d e tthree h r e e major major rrivers i v e r s aand n d a ssurface u r f a c e rreservoir e s e r v o i r .. S e v e r a l iintermittent n t e r m i t t e n t sstreams t r e a m s aalso l s o disdis­ Several charge water c h a r g e ssome ome w a t e r iinto n t o tthe h e vvalley a l l e y bbut u t nno o dda a tt aa aare r e aavailable v a i l a b l e ffor o r them them. T he S o u t h ,, M i d d lle e ,, aand nd N o r t h FForks o r k s of he O gden R i v e r eenter n t e r tthe h e va v a lley lley The South Midd North of tthe Ogden River r e s p e c t i v e lly y from h e eeas a s tt, , nnortheast, o r t h e a s t , aand n d nnorth o r t h .. T h e vvalley a l l e y i1s s ddrained r a i n e d bby y the the respective from tthe The Ogden River, which westward Wasatch Range Ogden R iver, w h i c h fflows lows w e s t w a r d tthrough h r o u g h tthe he W asatch R a n g e bby y wway a y of of Ogden Weber River which Great Salt O g d e n Canyon, C a n y o n , aand n d tthen h e n jjoins o i n s tthe he W eber R iver w h i c h eempties m p t i e s iinto nto G reat S a l t Lake Lake . The South Fork River of the T he S outh F o r k Ogden Ogden R i v e r ccontributes o n t r i b u t e s aabout b o u t 73 ppercent e r c e n t of the total Midd Fork t o t a l iinflow n f l o w iinto n t o tthe h e vvalley a l l e y .. M i d d lle e F o r k ccontributes o n t r i b u t e s oonly n l y 19 19 ppercent e r c e n t of of the t h e ttotal o t a l iinflow. nflow. During most wate of tt he D u r i n g tth h ee iirrigation r r i g a t i o n season season m o s t of of tthe he w a t e rrs s of he three t h r e e forks f o r k s hhave a v e bbeen e e n diverted d i v e r t e d into i n t o iirrigation r r i g a t i o n ditches d i t c h e s aand n d canals c a n a l s ,. S t r e a m f l o w dda a tt aa ffor o r the t h e three three m a j o r rrivers i v e r s in i n Ogden Ogden V a l l e y were were major Valley Streamflow o b t a i n e d from t h e U. U . SS .. Geological G e o l o g i c a l Survey S u r v e y WaterW a t e r - SSupply upply P a p e r s (1 ( 1950 950, obtained from the Papers I 1960), u.. SS .. Geological Records Utah I960), U G e o l o g i c a l Survey S u r v e y Surface S u r f a c e Wa W a tt eerr R e c o r d s of of U t a h (1964 ( 1 9 6 4-69), -69), and Barnett's Annua Report and from from B arnett's A n n u a ll R e p o r t Ogden O g d e n River R i v e r System S y s t e m (1970) ( 1 9 7 0 ) ,. S o u t h Fork F o r k Ogden Ogden R i v e r nnear e a r Hunt H u n tsville sville South River M o n t h l yy and a n d annual a n n u a l runoff r u n o f f of of South South F o r k Ogden O g d e n River R i v e r ffor o r tthe h e period period Monthl Fork 1921-70 1 9 2 1 - 7 0 1s i s ttabulated a b u l a t e d in i n t aable b l e 2 . The T h e flow f l o w of of the t h e river r i v e r for f o r the t h e same s a m e period period 18 i s shown s h o w n by b y a hhydrog y d r o g rraph a p h in i n figure f i g u r e 6. 6. From F r o m tabl t a b l ee 2 it i t will w i l l be b e seen s e e n tthat hat the t h e maximum m a x i m u m discharge d i s c h a r g e ,, 131 1 3 1 , 2200 0 0 acre a c r e - ffeet, e e t , was w a s during d u r i n g the t h e wat w a t eerr - yyear e a r of of 1952. 9 5 2 . The T h e mean m e a n discharge d i s c h a r g e , however h o w e v e r ,, for f o r 49-year 4 9 - y e a r period p e r i o d was w a s about about x I 78,000 7 8 , 0 0 0 acre-feet a c r e - f e e t .. Table T a b l e 2 also a l s o shows s h o w s that t h a t t hhe e maximum m a x i m u m discharge d i s c h a r g e is i s in in 2. Monthly and yearly runoff, in acre-fee acre-feet,l. of Sout Southh Fork OgJen Ogden River ncar near lIu Huntsville, Mont hly amI lll sv ille , Utah. Table 2. 1921-50 from WSP 13 1314, 1950-60 fro from WSP 1734, 1961·64 1961-64 frOIll from Sur Surface Water Records of Ut:l.h, Utah, 1965·69 1965-69 from Water Resources Record5 1921·50 14, 1950·60 m WSI' face W::ttcr Sources: Records Data for Utah Utah,, and 1970 fro from Ogden 1):1111 m J. F. Barnett's Annual Report Ogd en River System. LOCATION Lat 441°16'07", 111°40'24", SE&NE^SW /* sec. sec. 12, T.6 N N., County, rightt hank bank 0.5 mile downstrea downstream LOCAT ION - !..lIt 1° 16'0"1", long 11 1:>40'24", in SE~NEv..SW~ .. R.2 E., E.. Weber Count y, on righ m from 1\.' Magpie upstream from Huntsville Canal, downstream from Causey Dam, and 5.5 miles ellsl east of of iagpic Creek, I1 mile upsln'am Hu ntsville Mountain Mourll ain Ca llal , 5 miles downSlleam frorn Huntsville. DRAINAGE 148 sq mi. DRA INAGE AREA - 14M 19211 to current year. year. PERIOD OF RECORD - March Ma rch 192 0 Aug. Aug. 14, 1934, at site 300 ft upstream at differe nt ddatum. tHUm _ Water-stage of gage is 5, 5,190 different 190 ft fl (by barometer). Prior 1to GAGE - Wal er-stage recorder. Altitude IJf AVERAGE DISCHARGE acre-ft per year. year. DiSCHARGE - 49 years, years. 78,000 3cre-ft EXTREMES - Period of record: (gage height, 5.98 ft); minimum, 13 cfs Dec. 16, 1965. Mllximum discharge, 1,890 cfs May 3, 1952 (g.rge record : Maximum REMARKS -— Record Records good. One Onesmall smalldiversion diversion above abovestation. station. Flow Flow rl'gulated regulated by byCausey Causey Reservoir Reservoir since sinceJan. Jan.4,4, 1966. 1966. s good. 1 Water Wa ter year 0Oct. 1:1. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar . Apr. May Muy JJune une July Aug. Sept. The year 1921 192 1 1922 1923 1924 1925 3,280 3.280 3.100 3, 100 3,35U 3,350 2,5 10 2,510 3,230 3,020 3,080 3.080 2,530 2530 3,300 2,930 2,780 2.780 2,500 3,310 3,3 \0 3,010 2,5QO 2,590 2,610 2.6 10 2.980 2,980 2,750 3.050 3,240 6,400 44,620 ,620 3,5 10 3,510 6.820 6,820 221,900 1,900 15.800 15,800 HI,3UO 18,300 1';!,600 12,600 17,600 54,400 54.400 551,300 1,300 47.800 47,800 19.300 19,300 20.70U 20,700 18,700 14,500 12,600 6,370 8,S 10 8,510 5,770 4,790 5,460 3,220 4,2 10 4,210 3,810 3,8 10 3,550 3.740 3,740 2.500 2,500 2;930 2,930 3,310 3,3 10 2,980 3,020 2,3 10 2,310 2,760 115,000 110.000 110,000 64 .700 64,700 76,900 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 2,880 2,320 2.320 2,920 2,750 2,680 2.680 2,670 2,300 2,980 2.980 22.620 ,620 22,530 ,530 2,670 2,500 2.500 3,200 3.200 2,460 2,570 2,290 2,600 2.600 3,070 3.070 2,460 2,520 2,180 2. 180 2,930 2.930 3, 160 3,160 22.230 .230 2.340 2,340 5,200 S,2OO 6, 130 6,130 10,500 5,530 5.530 3,820 3.820 19,500 20.S1l0 20,500 16,900 14,500 14.500 12,3()0 12,300 11,500 11.500 38, 100 38,100 38,000 38,400 10,100 3,720 12.300 12,300 6,960 10,200 44,060 ,060 2,570 4,320 3,690 3,740 2,420 2,210 2,2 10 3.060 3,060 2.860 2,860 2,8S0 2,850 2.380 2,380 2, 120 2,120 2.860 2,860 2.580 2,580 2,810 2,8 10 '12,210 ,2 10 59,500 99.900 99,900 96.800 96,800 90,600 49,900 1931 193 1 1932 1933 1934 1935 2,450 1,890 1,890 2,310 2.3 10 2,440 1,800 1.800 2,270 1,880 1.880 2,240 2,280 1,900 1.900 2,310 2.3 10 1,940 1,940 2,150 2,150 2,330 2,110 2, 11 0 2,360 1,970 1,970 2,210 2.2 10 2,340 2,290 2,180 2, 180 2,270 1,980 1,980 2,030 2.030 2,640 2,{)()0 2,660 5,6 10 5,610 3,490 2,920 2.920 3,680 3.680 4,flOO 4,800 23,200 23 ,200 11,700 3,970 12,300 6,150 h.ISO 47 .:100 47,300 28,700 28.700 2,320 20,580 2,310 11.800 11,800 14,800 1.690 1.690 7,640 1,7S 0 1,750 4,030 3, 180 3,180 1,460 1,460 2,530 I,GflO 1,680 2,520 2,340 1,420 1,420 1,880 1,880 1,670 1,670 2,290 2.090 2,090 J1,440 ,440 1,670 1,670 32,600 107.000 107,000 77.200 77,200 26 ,640 26,640 61,020 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1,880 1.880 2,380 2,460 2,320 2,070 1,930 1.930 2,250 2,440 2,330 2,3 30 1,930 1,930 1,980 1,980 2,220 2,550 2,300 2.300 1,970 1,970 1,980 1,980 2,300 2,550 2,210 2.2 10 2,010 2,0 10 2,140 2, 140 2,190 2, 190 2,160 2, 160 2,000 2.000 2,200 5,150 5, 150 4,370 4.370 6,030 6.030 6,630 6.630 5, 140 5,140 41,770 4 1.770 13,130 13. 130 21,010 2 1,0 10 16,700 10,920 50,300 34,150 34.1 50 24,2 10 24,210 9,990 9,340 8,ll70 8,670 7,580 7,070 3,480 2,600 3,730 3,5 10 3,510 3,450 2,310 2,3 10 1,830 1,830 2,680 2,450 2,6 10 2,610 1,990 1,990 1.650 1,650 2,320 2,1 30 2,130 2,320 1.940 1,940 1,700 1,700 124,500 78,660 78,860 54,200 43,360 w '" Table 2 ---- Continued Water year Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. The year 1941 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1,890 1,890 2,010 2,OlO 2,030 2,400 2,350 1,900 1,900 1.990 1,990 2,020 2,270 2,320 1,830 1,830 2,150 2,100 2,lOO 2,230 2,170 1,870 1,870 1,950 1,950 2,280 2,220 22,170 J70 2,080 1,900 1,900 2,950 2,140 2,310 3,510 3,300 6,450 2,680 4,050 7,850 20,570 30,490 7,200 10,060 13,260 15,890 19,800 22,640 27,070 3,670 6,340 9,760 10,540 16,380 2,120 2,680 3,860 3,480 4,540 1,860 1,860 2,000 2,680 2,460 3,130 1,750 1,750 1,900 1,900 2,280 2,250 2,530 43,590 62,680 86,700 62,510 79,080 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 2,600 2,810 2,580 2,500 3,030 2,800 2,750 2,490 2,500 2,700 3,180 2,880 2,560 2,600 2,640 3,250 2,340 2,690 2,460 3,450 2,850 2,430 2,420 2,400 3,990 8,720 5,200 2,930 6,630 7,160 39,620 12,270 17,460 27,380 26,950 21,420 20,880 38,790 30,530 40,500 7,710 7,7lO 6,850 9,060 9,400 16,940 3,610 3,730 3,860 4,250 5,520 2,770 2,930 2,710 2,7lO 3,040 3,640 2,490 2,560 2,390 2,650 3,030 101,000 67,630 89,940 96,340 119,600 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 2,980 3,030 3,070 2,650 2,220 3,320 2,860 2,930 2,530 2,290 3,820 3,000 2,820 2,560 2,250 3,370 3,070 3,270 2,760 2,190 5,040 2,970 2,720 2,450 1,950 6,630 3,950 5,130 3,790 3,050 32,330 33,780 12,040 14,080 9,160 41,110 53,6lO 53,610 21,340 10,990 24,360 10,760 12,730 16,900 3,870 6,960 4,570 5,230 4,410 2,630 3,090 3,510 3,800 3,040 2,240 2,520 2,870 3,140 2,580 2,070 2,090 120,300 131,200 80,250 52,620 62,130 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 2,280 2,6lO 2,610 2,620 2,260 2,350 2,330 2,480 2,510 2,420 2,280 6,240 2,570 2.570 2,550 2,480 2,140 4,970 2,380 2,430 2,300 2,000 3,330 3,190 3,380 2,250 1,940 1,940 7,820 5,270 4,940 3,250 5,540 22,200 10,600 13.230 13,230 7,420 12,970 24.910 24,910 39,450 30,820 10,820 15,010 7,050 16,560 6,230 4,520 3,700 3,560 4,730 2,890 2,320 2,2lO 2,210 2,760 3,050 2,350 2,120 1,990 1,990 2,390 2,550 2,160 2,110 1,970 1,970 89,840 95,440 76,110 44,270 54,100 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1,990 1,990 1,700 1,700 2,280 2,280 2,490 1,990 1,990 1,810 1,810 2,070 2,370 2,390 1,980 1,980 2,030 1,940 1,940 2,040 4,820 1,940 1,940 2,060 1.950 1.950 2,020 3,740 1,920 1,920 4,780 2,670 1,810 1,810 4,050 2,700 4,610 3,430 2,1 lO 2,110 4,450 4,230 28,450 9,650 9,630 24,110 5,290 22,920 25,270 34,630 38,260 2,070 7,780 6,180 12,840 15,720 1,530 1,530 3,120 2,800 4,730 4.730 5,330 1,530 1,530 2,330 2,280 2,780 3,600 1,550 1,550 2,110 2,070 2,370 3,270 28,720 83,700 62,590 79,610 112,200 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 3,050 2,616 2,290 4,640 2,950 3,210 2,370 1,340 1,340 1,610 1,610 2,470 1,630 1,630 2,440 3,320 1,410 1,410 2,660 1,520 1,520 2,290 1,710 1,710 2,400 3,020 1,130 1,130 1,670 1,670 1,880 1,880 2,110 2,990 4,240 5,790 3,180 3,540 3,930 14,340 6,960 14,440 30,460 5,120 19,070 28,240 15,750 32,200 27,180 7,090 15,620 13,040 7,520 10,540 4,150 6,140 5,620 5,790 5,260 3,150 6,080 4,530 5,840 5,450 2,170 3,770 4,330 4,190 2,360 64,740 84,000 71,440 101,700 73,940 w w 35 35 of eeach j ^ y of a c h yyea e a rr.. a Dur of 1199 2211 - 770 maximu m dd ii ss -­ D u r iing n g tt hhe e pperiod e r i o d of 0 ,, tthe he m aximum charge was May c h a r g e ,, 1 , 8890 9 0 cc uubic b i c ffee e e tt pper e r sseco e c o nnd d ,, w a s ii nn M a y 33 ,, 11952 9 5 2 aand n d tt hhe e mi m ini n i -­ 13 ccubic was Dee ccember mum, 13 u b i c ffee e e tt ppe e rr ssecond e c o n d ,, w a s iin n D e m b e r 116 6 ,, 1196 9 6 55 . During of t hhe water o f the D u r i n g tt hhe e iirrigation r r i g a t i o n sseaso e a s o nn,, ppart a r t of e w a t e r ii nn tthe h e cchanne h a n n e ll of the South F o r k iis s ddive i v e rrted t e d iinto n t o nnine i n e iirrigation r r i g a t i o n dditches i t c h e s .. D u r i n g tt hhe e w a t eerr ye y e ar ar South Fork During wat of 1970 1970 tthe h e ttota o t a ll aamount m o u n t of r r i g a t i o n ddii vver e r ssions ions w a s aabout b o u t 16 16 , 4400 0 0 ac a c re r e -of of iirrigation was feet. Some of tthi waatt eerr jjoi wa feet. S o m e of h i ss w o i nns s t hhe e ggro r o uund n d -w a tte e rr rreservoir e s e r v o i r s ,, ssome o m e iis s con c o n -­ .urned sumed bby y ppll a nt n t s ,, ssome o m e iis s l oost s t bby y ee vvapor a p o r aa ttii oon n ,, aand n d aan n uunknown n k n o w n port p o r t io ion a g a i n jjoins o i n s tthe h e s ttream r e a m cc hanne h a n n el. l. again Midd fork Ogden River M i d d ll ee F ork O gden R iver ~ n e a r Huntsvi H u n t s v i lle lle The Rii ver Ogden Valle [rom northeast T h e Middl M i d d l ee Fork F o r k Ogden Ogden R v e r eenter n t e r ss O gden V a l l e yy from northeast and flows flows w e s ttwa w a rrd d ttoward oward P i n e vviev! iew R e s e r v o i r .. N o llo o nng g -- tteerrm m meas m e a s ure u r e-­ and wes Pine Reservoir No m e n t s of of t hhe e flow f l o w of of M i d d ll ee F ork w e r e ava a v a il i l able a b l e .. ments Midd Fork were M o n t hhll yy a nnd d annua annual Mont runoff of of the the M iddle F o r k is i s t aabu b u lla a tt eed d in i n t aable b l e 3 for f o r t hhe e ppertod e r i o d 196 1 9 64-7 4 - 700 . nmoff Middle Fork A hydrog h y d r o g raph r a p h showi s h o w i nng g m o n t h l y d ischarg i s c h a r g ee ffo o rr t hhe e same s a m e ppe e rrii ood d is i s gi g i vven e n in in A monthly figure 77 . The m a x i m u m d i sc s c hha a rrgge e of of t hhe e M i d d lle e F o r k ,, 25 2 5 ,, 771 1 00 acre a c r e - ffee e e tt, , was was Th maximum Midd Fork d u r i n g the t h e wat w a t ee rr yea y e a rr of of 1969 1 9 6 9 . The T h e mea m e a nn d i sscharge c h a r g e for f o r 77 - yyear e a r period p e r i o d wa w a ss during a b o u t 20 2 0 , 8BOO 0 0 acre a c r e - ffeet. eet. about D u r iing n g t hhe e pert p e r i ood d 19 1 9 64 6 4 -- 770 0 ,, th t h ee max m a xii mum mum Dur d i s c h a r g e ,, 74 7 4 44 cc uu bbic i c fee f e e tt per p e r seco s e c o nnd d ,I w w aas s ii nn M a y 18.1 18, 1 967 9 6 7 ,, aa nnd d tt he he May diSCharge minimum, 0 . 4 18, 1 8 , 1966. 1966. c u b i c feet f e e t pe p e rr ss ee ccond o n d ,, Wi]5 w a s ii nn Aug A u g uu ss tt 18 1 8 ,, 1964 1 9 6 4 and a n d August August cubic 36 Monthly acre-feet, of Middle Fork Ogden River above diversions, near Table 3. Mont hly and yearly runoff, in acre-fect, Huntsville. Huntsvil le. Sources: Records Records 1964 from Surface Water Records of of Utah, 1965·69 1965-69 from Waler Water Resources Data fo forr SourCes: System.. Utah, and 1970 from J. F. Barnett's Barnett 's Annual Report Ogden River System 41°19'59", 111°44'04", LOCATION - Lat 41 ° 19'59", long 111 °44'04", in NE~NW~SWJ4 sec. 33, T.7 N., R.2 E., Weber County, of Huntsville, Coun ty. on right rig.h t bank 0.2 mile above ddiversion iversion headgate, 3 miles northeast of Huntsville. Dam . and 6.5 miles upstream from Pineview Dam. DRAINAGE AREA mi.. DRAI NAGE A REA - 31.3 sq mi PERIOD OF RECORD - October October 1963 to current year. Water-stage of gage is 5,400 ft GAGE - Wa ler-Slage recorder. Altitude Al titude of fl (from topographic map). DISCHARGE acre-ft per year. AVERAGE DI SC HARGE - 7 years, 20,800 3crc-ft EXTREMES EXTR EMES - Period of record: reco rd: Maximum ddischarge, ischarge, 744 cfs May 18, 1967 (gage height, height , 3.66 ft); minimum, 0.4 cfs Aug. 18, 18, 1964, Aug. 18. 18, 1966. REMARKS Recordsgood. good. No Noreguh!t regulation diversion above above statio station. REMARKS — - Records ion oor r diversion n. Water Nay. Year Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 138 1,020 1,120 1.120 1964 1965 154 204 287 304 147 148 1,160 1,160 851 851 1966 1967 1968 1908 1969 1970 138 123 157 204 179 314 169 379 336 217 212 269 259 228 652 210 110 209 150 132 300 Apr. May June July J uly Aug. Sept. The year 3,660 10,810 10,8 10 2,690 320 1,800 352 8,690 9,500 1.800 35 :! 82 157 73 160 18,710 25.320 25,320 578 94 4,640 2,830 12,680 4,530 4,530 609 513 1,470 2,870 299 1.470 2,760 8,730 2.87U 611 877 328 611 1,450 1.450 10,780 10,190 609 944 2,330 2.330 11,790 II ,790 2,280 2,180 288 38 95 178 105 74 68 82 120 78 110 11 0 15,640 23,320 23.320 17,840 25.7 10 25,710 197 334 2,500 320 1,450 1,450 6,220 19,190 Table 4. Monthly Mom hly and yearly runoff, runoff, in acre-feet, acre·fcet . of of North Nort h Fork Ogden River River near Eden. Sources: Records 1964 from Surface Sur face Water Water Records of of Utah, Ut ah. 1965-69 1965·69 from from Water Water Resources Resources Data for Utah, Ogden River System System.. Utah, and 1970 from J. J. F. Barnett's Barneu's Annual Report Ogden 1 LOCATION ^ sec. 35, LOCATI ON - Lat 41°23'23", 4 1C> 23' 23" , long 111°54'51", 111 C>54'5 1". in NW^SE^NE NWY-iSE!4N E!4 35. T.8 N., R.l R. I W., W.• Weber County, upst ream from flood-retarding fl ood-reta rding dam and 7.5 miles northwest Count}" on o n right bank 0.4 mile upstream of Eden. DRAINAGE DRA INAGE AREA - 6.03 sq mi. PERIOD PERIO D OF RECORD RECORD - October October 1963 to to current curre nt year. GAGE — water-stage recorder. recorder. Alt Altitude of gage gage isis55,750 (from topographic topographic map). map). - waler-stage itude of ,750 ftft (from AVERAGE DISCHARGE - 7 years, 8,500 8.500 acre-ft acre-ft per per year. EXT REMES - Period Period of record : Maximum discharge, d ischarge, 156 cfs cfs Jan. J an. 21, 21. 1969 JQ69 (gage height, height, 2.72 ft), ft ), EXTREMES of record: from from rating ra ting curve extended ex tended above 75 cfs; minimum minimum recorded, 0.8 0.8 cfs Jan. Ja n. 23, 1964. REMARKS REMARKS - Records Records good. No regulation regul:ition or diversion above station. Water Water year Oct. Nov. Ocl . Nov. Dec. De<:. Jan. Jan. Feb. 1964 1965 246 246 217 217 290 290 221 22 1 196 1% 512 5 12 173 383 160 339 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 225 177 209 274 274 239 592 183 203 20~ 245 204 343 343 241 202 228 199 260 260 201 20 1 217 980 980 248 218 2 18 220 220 339 339 369 369 266 266 Mar. Mar. The year year July J uly Aug. Sept. The Apr. May May June J une 1,370 1,370 1,850 1,850 2,730 2.730 2,040 2,040 1,830 1.830 583 1,170 1,170 584 584 1,010 1,840 1,0 10 1,840 645 996 697 1,010 1,0 10 576 576 3,250 3,250 471 862 471 1,620 1.620 3,340 3,340 1,580 1,580 3,600 3,600 2,400 2.400 599 2,080 ~,080 1,300 1.300 1,200 1.200 1.570 1,570 215 2 15 458 458 255 255 382 188 320 320 8,240 8.140 8 .480 8,480 244 177 612 273 612 424 298 424 560 560 257 469 244 469 158 203 211 198 198 197 7,290 7,290 9 .170 9,170 6,690 6,690 11 .75 0 11,750 7.370 7,370 37 D u r i n g the t h e irrigation i r r i g a t i o n season s e a s o n ,, only o n l y a very v e r y small s m a l l portion p o r t i o n of of the t h e river river During i s diverted d i v e r t e d for i r r i g a t i o n .. i5 for irrigation T h e r e is i s only o n l y one o n e diversion d i v e r s i o n canal c a n a l along a l o n g the the There M i d d l e Fork F o r k and a n d during d u r i n g 1970 1 9 7 0 the t h e tota1 t o t a l amount a m o u n t of of irrigation i r r i g a t i o n diversion d i v e r s i o n was was Middle a b o u t 450 4 5 0 acre-feet. acre-feet. about N o r t h Fork F o r k Ogden O g d e n River R i v e r nnear e a r Eden Eden North The N orth F o r k Ogden O g d e n River R i v e r ent e n t eerr ss Ogden Ogden V a l l e y from n o r t h and and The North Fork Valley from north f l oows w s ssouthward, o u t h w a r d , along a l o n g tthe h e long l o n g axis a x i s of of tthe h e vvalley, a l l e y , iinto n t o Pineview P i n e v i e w ReserReser­ fl vvoir. oir. D u r i n g tthe h e ppe e rriods i o d s of of hheavy e a v y pprecipitation r e c i p i t a t i o n and a n d tthe he m t i n g of of snow, snow, During mee llting t h e flow flow iis s llarg a r g ee eenough n o u g h tto o support s u p p o r t tthe h e irrigation-water i r r i g a t i o n - w a t e r rrequirements e q u i r e m e n t s of of the L i b e r t y and and E d e n .. Uberty Eden F o r tthe h e rremainder e m a i n d e r of of tthe h e yyear e a r vve e rry y llittle ittle w e r flows flows For waa tter w i t h i n tth h ee channe c h a n n e ll,, pprobably r o b a b l y oonly n l y surplus s u r p l u s iirrigation r r i g a t i o n water water. within M o n t h l y aand n d aannual n n u a l rrunoff u n o f f of of tthe he N orth F o r k Ogden Ogden R i v e r iis s tabu t a b u l ated ated Monthly North Fork River in l e 44 for h e pperiod e r i o d 11964 9 6 4 - 770 0 .. in ttaa bble for tthe T he m o n t h l y fflow l o w of h e rriver i v e r ffor o r the the The monthly of tthe ssame a m e pperiod e r i o d iis s aa lls s oo sshown h o w n bby y a hhydrograph y d r o g r a p h iin n ffigure i g u r e 8 .. T h e maximum maximum The aannual n n u a l ddischarge i s c h a r g e ,, 11 , 7 5 0 aacre c r e -- ffee e e tt, , w a s dduring u r i n g t hhe e w a t e r yyear e a r of of 1969 1 9 6 9. 11,750 was water The e a n aannua n n u a ll ddischarge i s c h a r g e ffor o r tthe h e 77-year - y e a r pperi e r i ood d w a s aabout b o u t 88,500 , 5 00 acre a c r e -- fee f e e t. t The m mean was The aximum m o n t h l y ddischarge i s c h a r g e ccorresponds o r r e s p o n d s tto o tth h ee m o n t h of a y of each The m maximum monthly month of M May of each yyear e a r .. T h i s iis s tthe he m o n t h dduring uring w h i c h tthe h e ccontributions o n t r i b u t i o n s from p r e c i pitation pitation This month which from preci and l s o tthe h e ssnow now m e l t aare re m a x i m u m .. and aalso melt maximum D u r i n g tthe h e pperiod e r i o d of 6 4 - 770 0 ,, the the During of 1199 64- maximum i s c h a r gge e ,, 1156 5 6 ccubic u b i c ffeet e e t pper e r ssecond, econd, w a s iin n JJanuary a n u a r y 2211 ,, maXimum ddischar was 1969 n d tthe he m i n i m u m ,, 00 ..88 ccubic u b i c ffeet e e t pper e r ssecond, econd, w a s iin n JJanuary a n u a r y 223 3 ,, 1964 1964 . 1969 aand minimum was 338 8 Three major most of tthhe wat from North T hree m a j o r iirriga r r i g a ttion i o n ccana a n a llss ddivert ivert m o s t of e w a t eerr from North Fork O Ogden River. Fork gden R iver. During of ddiversions was D u r i n g 11970 9 7 0 ,. tthhe e aamount m o u n t of iversions w a s atout about 11 ,,800 8 0 0 acre a c r e--feet. feet. Dam PPineview ineview D a m aand n d Reservoir Reservoir Hydraulic H y d r a u l i c Charact C h a r a c tee ristics ristics PPineview ineview D a m , iin n O gden C a n y o n aabout b o u t sseven even m i l e s eeas a s tt of O g d e n ., Dam, Ogden Canyon miles of Ogden w a s ccons o n s ttruc r u c tteed d bby y tth h ee B u r e a uu of e c l a m a t i o n aas s ppa a rrtt of he O g d e n River River was Burea of R Reclamation of tthe Ogden Project u r i n g 11934 9 3 4 -- 337 7 .. Project dduring T h e ddam a m iis s aa zoned z o n e d eea a rrth t h --ffi i lll l sstru t r u cture c t u r e .. The It was was It o r i g i n a l l yy cccnstruct o n s t r u c t eed d tto o aa hheight e i g h t of 0 3 ffeet, e e t , cc rreating e a t i n g aa rrese e s e rrvoir v o i r of of originall of 1103 4444 ,,117 7 00 aacre c r e -- ffee e e tt capacit c a p a c i t yy .. U n d e r tthe he W eber B asin P r o j e c t t hhe e dam d a m was was Under Weber Basin Project eenlarged n l a r g e d tto o a hheight e i g h t of 3 2 flee e e tt duri d u r i nng g 1955 1 9 5 5 - 557 7 ,, w h i c h iincreased n c r e a s e d tt he he 01 1132 which rreservoir e s e r v o i r ca c a ppacity a c i t y tto o 110 1 1 0 ,, 2200 0 0 aacre c r e - ffeet e e t .. The w i d tthh of of tt hhe e ddam a m at a t tth h ee top top The wid i s 30 ffee e e tt and a n d tthe he m a x i m u m width w i d t h a tt tthe h e bbase a s e iis s 4480 8 0 ffeet. eet. Is maximum T h e le l e nngth g t h of of The tthe h e ccres r e s tt iis s 600 6 0 0 fee f e ett . T h ee o vverflow e r f l o w , , c hhannel a n n e l --type t y p e spillway, spillway, w i t hh a ca c a ppac a c iity t y of of 10, 1 0 , 000 000 Th wit c u b i cc ffee e e tt pper e r s econd e c o n d ,, is i s controll c o n t r o l l eed d bby y two t w o ra r a ddia i a ll gat g a t es e s .. The T h e maxi m a x i mum mum cubi d i s c h a r g e capacity c a p a c i t y of of t hhe e outle o u t l e tt works w o r k s is i s 22,300 , 3 0 0 cubic c u b i c fee f e e tt per p e r second second discharge from tthe h e Spillway s p i l l w a y llocated o c a t e d in i n aa concrete-li c o n c r e t e - l i nned e d tunne t u n n e ll in i n tt hhe e rright i g h t abutment. abutment. from It conSists c o n s i s t s of of ttwo w o pipes p i p e s :: A A 727 2 - iinch n c h pipe p i p e lleads e a d s ii nnto t o tthe h e 7S 7 5 -- iinch n c h Ogden Ogden It C a n y o n condu c o n d u iit, t , aa nnd d a a 60 6 0 -- iin n cc hh pipe p i p e discharges d i s c h a r g e s into i n t o tt he h e spi s p i lllway l w a y sstilling tilling Canyon basin b a s i n .. 39 39 w RReser when PPii nnevie eview e s e r vvo o iir r ,, w h e n ffilled i l l e d tto o ccapacity a p a c i t y , , ooccupies c c u p i e s aan n aa rrea e a of of 22,900 900 aacres c r e s .. IItt iis s sseparat e p a r a t eed d from h e uunderlying n d e r l y i n g aa rrtes t e s iian a n rreservoir e s e r v o i r bby y a from tthe cclay l a y cconfining o n f i n i n g bbed ed w h i c h iis s eessentially s s e n t i a l l y ii m p e rr vviou i o u s .. which mpe FFortyo r t y - ssix i x artesian artesian wells of tthe City of O Ogde wat w e l l s of he C i t y of g d e nn ''s5 ddome o m e sstic tic w a t eerr ss uupply p p l y ssys y s ttem e m aa rre e submerged submerged by h e PPineview i n e v i e w Reservoir. Reservoir. by tthe Reservoir PPineview ineview R e s e r v o i r pprovides r o v i d e s ssupplement u p p l e m e n t aall iirrigation r r i g a t i o n , tt oo 222 2 ,,8867 6 7 acres acres of land land aand munic water within Ogden Riv of nd m u n i c iipa p a ll w ater w i t h i n tthe he O gden R i v eerr PProject r o j e c t .. The T h e wat w a te r .s uupply p p l y hhas a s iimproved m p r o v e d eeconomic c o n o m i c ccondi o n d i ttions i o n s iin n tthe h e aa rrea e a aand n d hhas a s bro b r o ught ught ferti f e r t i lle e lland a n d uunder n d e r cu c u llti t ivvaatian. tion. Changes Reservoir C h a n g e s iin n PPineview ineview R e s e r v o i r Ca C a paci p a c i ty ty Ever Dam was E v e r ssince i n c e tthe h e PPineview ineview D am w a s ccompleted o m p l e t e d i1n n 11936, 9 3 6 , tthe h e reservoir reservoir l e v e l hhas a s bbeen e e n rrecorded e c o r d e d dda a iill yy a tt 88::00 0 0 aa.m m .. a nnd d tthe h e conte c o n t e nnts t s aatt tthat h a t hour hour level 0 a r e ccomputed o m p u t e d from e ccapacity a p a c i t y t aable b l e ffor o r tthe h e rreservoir. eservoir. T h e s ttorage o r a g e da d a ta ta are from t hhe The for tthe he P neview R e s e r v o i r a rre e availabl a v a i l a b l ee iin n tth h ee O f f i c e of of State S t a t e Engineer Engineer for Pii neview Reservoir Office for tthe h e ppe e rriod i o d 1937 1 9 3 7--70 7 0. for T h e s t oorage r a g e of i n e vvii eew w R e s e r vvoir o i r for f o r tthe h e pper e r iiod o d 1937-70 1 9 3 7 - 7 0 is i s shown shown of PPine Reser The in During was in ffigure i g u r e 99 .. D u r i n g 1957 195 7 ,. the t h e rres e s eervoir rvoir w a s dr d r aained i n e d ffor o r tthe h e first f i r s t ttime i m e to to i n c r e a s e iits t s capacity c a p a c i t y bby y increasing i n c r e a s i n g tthe h e hheight e i g h t of t h e dam d a m .. A g a i n in in increase of the Again N o v e m b e r 1970 1 9 7 0 tthe h e rreservoir: eservoir, w a s drained d r a i n e d tto o cconstru o n s t r u cctt a nnew e w ppipe i p e lline i n e for for November was t h e new n e w a rtesian rtesian w e llll ss a t tthe h e Camp Camp B r o w n i n g area a r e a on o n tthe h e north n o r t h side s i d e of of the the the we Browning reServoir. reservoir. 3 Reservoir storage, in acre-feet xlO S) Jb OJ 00 p w 3 o o o o o Figure 9. MOilthly stori:l\lil of Fipf.wlew Heservoir [or the perIod 1937-70" ....o 41 41 T h r o u g h o u t 196 1 9 611,, the t h e storage s t o r a g e of of Pineview P i n e v i e w Reservoir R e s e r v o i r was w a s at a t an a n aa11llThroughout t i m e low l o w when w h e n it i t stayed s t a y e d within w i t h i n th t hee range r a n g e of of 1, 1 , 0010 1 0 acre-feet a c r e - f e e t and a n d 2S 25 , ,09 0 900 time acre-feet. acre-feet. D u r i n g the t h e same s a m e year y e a r tthe h e inflow i n f l o w of of South S o u t h Fork F o r k Ogden O g d e n River River During w a s al a lso s o at a t its i t s min m i n imum i m u m . Further F u r t h e r comparison c o m p a r i s o n of of the t h e long l o n g - tte e rnn m sst torage orage was d a t a wit w i t h tt he h e infl i n f l ow o w of of South S o u t h Fork F o r k supports s u p p o r t s the t h e idea i d e a that t h a t South S o u t h Fork F o r k Og O gde d enn data River is i s the t h e most m o s t important i m p o r t a n t contribut c o n t r i b u t or o r to t o the t h e ss t orage o r a g e of of Pineview P i n e v i e w Reser R e s e rvoi v o irr.. River St S tart a r t ing i n g in i n 1962 1 9 6 2 ,. the t h e runoff r u n o f f of of South S o u t h Fork F o r k Ogden O g d e n River R i v e r increased i n c r e a s e d ddue ue t o greater g r e a t e r preCipita p r e c i p i t a ti t i on o n ,, and a n d the t h e availab a v a i l a b lle e dead d e a d s torage t o r a g e in i n t hhe e reservoir reservoir to w a ss al a l so s o increased i n c r e a s e d to t o an a n average a v e r a g e of of 48 4 8 ,, 0000 0 0 acre-feet a c r e - f e e t for f o r the t h e period period wa 1 9 5 3 - 770. 0 . For F o r tthe h e 53-me s a m e pperiod e r i o d ,, tthe h e maximum m a x i m u m storage storage w a s about a b o u t 110,1 1 1 0 , 1 00 00 1963 was a c r e - f e e t .. acre-feet GROUND-WATER G R O U N D - W A T E R RESOURCES RESOURCES O ccurrence Occurrence Ground water Ground w a t e r in i n Ogden O g d e n Valley V a l l e y occurs o c c u r s uunder n d e r bboth o t h artesian a r t e s i a n aand n d nonnonartesian a r t e s i a n conditions c o n d i t i o n s (see ( s e e glossary) g l o s s a r y ) iin n the t h e gravel, g r a v e l , sand, s a n d , silt, s i l t , and a n d clay c l a y of tthe h e valley v a l l e y fill f i l l to t o kknown n o w n depths d e p t h s of of 400 4 0 0 feet f e e t aand n d pprobably r o b a b l y deeper. deeper. The T h e arar­ ttesian e s i a n aaquifer q u i f e r uunderlies n d e r l i e s the t h e valley v a l l e y south s o u t h of of Eden E d e n and a n d in i n tthe h e vicinity v i c i n i t y of Huntsville, westward H u n t s v i l l e , and a n d extends extends w e s t w a r d toward t o w a r d tthe h e head h e a d of of Ogden O g d e n Canyon. Canyon. is Pineview Reservoir. i s now n o w partly p a r t l y overlain o v e r l a i n bby y P ineview R eservoir. It It The T h e artesian a r t e s i a n aquifer a q u i f e r is i s the the most Valley. m o s t important i m p o r t a n t source s o u r c e of of ground g r o u n d water w a t e r in i n Ogden Ogden V alley. Ground G r o u n d water w a t e r is is confined c o n f i n e d in i n tthe h e pore p o r e spaces s p a c e s of of tthe h e ggravel, r a v e l , sand, s a n d , and a n d silt s i l t of of tthe h e valley valley fill f i l l bby y overlying o v e r l y i n g clay c l a y and a n d ssilt i l t confining c o n f i n i n g bbeds, e d s , aand n d bby y underlying u n d e r l y i n g Tertiary Tertiary t u f f s .. tuff The T h e cclay l a y and a n d silt s i l t confining c o n f i n i n g bbeds e d s uunderlie n d e r l i e aan n area a r e a of of approximately approximately lO 10 square s q u a r e miles. miles. Most wells M o s t of of tthe h e 446 6 w e l l s in i n operation o p e r a t i o n in i n Artesian A r t e s i a n Park Park terminate t e r m i n a t e in i n a sand s a n d and a n d gravel g r a v e l sequence s e q u e n c e immediately i m m e d i a t e l y bbeneath e n e a t h the t h e confinconfin­ ing Although i n g bbeds. eds. A l t h o u g h several s e v e r a l lenses l e n s e s of of confining c o n f i n i n g silt s i l t and a n d clay c l a y also a l s o are are encountered e n c o u n t e r e d within w i t h i n tthe h e tthickness h i c k n e s s of of gravel g r a v e l and a n d sand, s a n d , tthese h e s e lenses l e n s e s are are nnot o t of of wide w i d e extent, e x t e n t , and a n d the t h e entire e n t i r e system s y s t e m bbehaves e h a v e s hydraulically h y d r a u l i c a l l y much m u c h as as a Single s i n g l e aquifer a q u i f e r (Lofgren, ( L o f g r e n , 1955, 1 9 5 5 , p. p . 80). 80). In I n tthe h e rrecharge e c h a r g e areas a r e a s of of the t h e artesian a r t e s i a n aquifer, a q u i f e r , north, n o r t h , northeast, northeast, east, e a s t , and a n d southeast s o u t h e a s t of of tthe h e outer o u t e r edge e d g e of of tthe h e clay c l a y confining c o n f i n i n g bbed, e d , ground ground water water-table w a t e r occurs o c c u r s uunder nder w a t e r - t a b l e conditions. conditions. The T h e water-table w a t e r - t a b l e aquifer a q u i f e r is is rreally e a l l y an a n extension e x t e n s i o n of of the t h e artesian a r t e s i a n aquifer a q u i f e r beyond b e y o n d tthe h e limits l i m i t s of of the t h e confinconfin­ ing water may i n g bbed. e d . The The w a t e r table t a b l e aquifer aquifer m a y be b e several s e v e r a l hhundred u n d r e d feet f e e t tthick, h i c k , bbut u t its its 443 3 tthickness h i c k n e s s rremains e m a i n s uuncertain n c e r t a i n bbecause ecause m ost w ells w e r e ddrilled r i l l e d iinto n t o the the most wells were aquifer water a q u i f e r oonly n l y tto o tthe h e ddepth e p t h nneeded e e d e d tto o pproduce roduce w a t e r in i n tthe h e qquantity u a n t i t y desired d e s i r e d. About 23 ppercent of tthe wells wa About e r c e n t of he w e l l s tthat h a t ttap a p tthe he w a tte e rr-ta - t a bbll ee aaquifer q u i f e r are a r e less less 50 ffeet from 550 tthan h a n 50 e e t ddeep, e e p , 550 0 ppercent e r c e n t from 0 tto o 100 1 0 0 ffeet e e t ddeep e e p ,, 14 14 ppercent e r c e n t ffrrom om ISO ffeet maining 100 tto o 150 e e t ddeep e e p ,, aand n d tthe h e rre em a i n i n g 13 13 ppercent e r c e n t aare r e 150 150 ffeet e e t and and deeper. deeper. Local of pperched water L o c a l bbodies o d i e s of erched w a t e r occur. occur. These T h e s e aa rre e ggenerally e n e r a l l y tthe h e zones zones of saturation which main wat of saturation w h i c h eexis x i s tt at a t ssome o m e llevel e v e l aabove b o v e tthe he m ain w a t eerr t aable b l e where where an impervious within i m p e r v i o u s stratum stratum w i t h i n tthe h e zone z o n e of of aeration a e r a t i o n interrupts i n t e r r u p t s percolation percolation and wat and ccauses a u s e s ground ground w a t ee rr tto o accumulate a c c u m u l a t e iin n a limited l i m i t e d area a r e a above a b o v e that that stratum s t r a t u m .. Movement Movement C o n t o u r s of of t hhe e wate w a t e rr table t a b l e (plate ( p l a t e 2) indicate i n d i c a t e that t h a t the t h e genera g e n e r a ll slope slope Conburs t h e r e f o r e tthe h e directi d i r e c t i oon n of of flow f l o w of of tthe h e ground g r o u n d wa w a tt eer r is i s from h e north north, and therefore from tthe nnortheast o r t h e a s t ,, east e a s t ,, and a n d southeast s o u t h e a s t ttoward o w a r d the t h e head h e a d of of Ogden O g d e n Canyon C a n y o n ,, and a n d it it i s approximately a p p r o x i m a t e l y ppara a r a lllel l e l to t o the t h e genera g e n e r a ll s l oope p e of of th t h ee l and a n d surface s u r f a c e .. is T h e ma m a pp of of plate plate 2 w a s prepared p r e p a r e d on o n the t h e basis b a s i s of of water w a t e r --leve l e v e ll measure m e a s u r e ­was The ments m e n t s from from well w e l l s that t h a t t aap p tth h ee waterw a t e r - ttable a b l e aquifer. a q u i f e r . The T h e surface s u r f a c e elevations elevations Were e r e meas\.,;red m e a s u r e d by b y an a n a ltimeter. l t i m e t e r . Since S i n c e most m o s t of the t h e wells w e l l s in i n the t h e Artesian Artesian w Park a rea, r e a , where w h e r e the t h e ground g r o u n d wat w a t eerr is i s under u n d e r artesian a r t e s i a n conditions, c o n d i t i o n s , were were inaccessible i n a c c e s s i b l e ,, no n o measurements m e a s u r e m e n t s were w e r e taken t a k e n from from the t h e artesian a r t e s i a n wells wells. IItt is, is, however, h o w e v e r , logical l o g i c a l to t o assume a s s u m e that t h a t the t h e direction d i r e c t i o n of movement m o v e m e n t of of ground g r o u n d water water 444 4 of O Ogden Canyon where uunder n d e r aartesian r t e s i a n ccond o n d iitions t i o n s iis s ttoowar w a r dd tthe h e hhe e aad d of gden C anyon w h e r e mos most we These wells wa fl owing w flowing e llls l s aare r e cconcentrat o n c e n t r a t eed d .. T hese w e l l s aare r e ddischargi i s c h a r g i nng g w a tter e r concon­ of llow which ttinually i n u a l l y aand n d tt hhu u ss ,I tthey h e y ccreat r e a t ee aan n aarea r e a of o w ppressure r e s s u r e ttoward oward w h i c h water water from tthe ffll oows w s from h e ssurrounding u r r o u n d i n g aquifer aquifer. The mos of tt hhe map of tthe T he m o s tt ss iiggnifica n i f i c a nnt t ffea e a ttuure r e of e m a p iis s tthe h e sshape h a p e of h e waterwaterttable a b l e ccontours. ontours. The widely T h e ccontours o n t o u r s aarr ee rrelative e l a t i v e lly y w i d e l y sspaced p a c e d iin n tthe h e east east and ssoutheast of tth materia and o u t h e a s t of h ee aarea r e a ssugges u g g e s tting i n g tthat h a t tthe h e aaq q uuife i f e rr m a t e r i a llss aare r e more more whereas water-table ppermeable. ermeable, w h e r e a s iin n tthe h e nnorth o r t h ,. tth h ee w a t e r - t a b l e ccontours o n t o u r s sshow h o w aa ss tt eep eep ggradient. radient. The may from tthe move ment of water T h e ss t ee e e ppness ness m a y rresult e s u l t from h e ss llow ow m ovem e n t of water materials tthro h r o uugh g h tthe h e rrelati e l a t i vvely e l y lless e s s ppermeable ermeable m a t e r i a l s tth h aatt uund n d eerlie r l i e tthe h e area. area. In t hhe of O Ogden Vaa lley In e nnorthern o r t h e r n ppart a r t of gden V l l e y ccontours o n t o u r s sshowing h o w i n g tt hhe e ss urface urface wat mount of tthe of he w a t eerr - ttaable b l e aaquifer q u i f e r bbend e n d ttoward o w a r d tthe he m o u n t ain a i n .. This T h i s ssugges u g g e s ttss that that North FFork Ogden River water North ork O gden R i v e r ssupplies u p p l i e s lless e s s rrecharg e c h a r g ee tto o t hhe e ggro r o uund n d -w a t e r aquifer. aquifer Whereas of tthe W h e r e a s iin n tthe h e eeast a s t eern r n and a n d southeas s o u t h e a s tteern r n pparts a r t s of h e vva a llle l e yy tthe h e waterwaterOgd tta a bble l e ccontour o n t o u r ss bbend e n d ttoward o w a r d tthe h e hhead e a d of of O g d een n C aa nnyo y o nn iindicating n d i c a t i n g more more from M Middle Fork Fork Ogden rrecharge e c h a r g e from iddle F o r k and a n d South South F ork O g d e n Rivers. Rivers. T h e slope s l o p e of he w a t e r t aa bble l e is i s ggener e n e r aallll yy ggreater r e a t e r nnear e a r tth h ee mount m o u n tains a i n s .. The of tthe water The maximum Liberty; The m a x i m u m gradient g r a d i e n t iis s about a b o u t 80 80 ffeet e e t pper e r mile m i l e nnear ear L i b e r t y ; tthe h e mi m inimum nimum gradient g r a d i e n t iis s about a b o u t 2S 25 ffee e e tt pper e r mile m i l e nnear e a r Eden. Eden. C o n t o u r s of of tthe he w a t e rr table table m a y indicate i n d i c a t e t hhat a t tthe h e rre e is i s not n o t much m u c h re r e-­ Contours wate may charge wat c h a r g e to t o the t h e ground ground-w a t eerr res r e s eervoirs r v o i r s by b y subsurface s u b s u r f a c e fflow l o w directly d i r e c t l y from from tthe h e consoli c o n s o l i dda a tt eed d rocks r o c k s of of tthe h e bbordering o r d e r i n g mountains m o u n t a i n s .. In m most o s t pplaces l a c e s tthe he Contours c o n t o u r s are a r e more m o r e or o r les l e s ss pperpendicular e r p e n d i c u l a r tto o the t h e va v a llley l e y boundary b o u n d a r y .. The T h e only only 45 except where may e x c e p t iion o n to t o this t h i s is i s the t h e east e a s t eerrn n border b o r d e r of of t hhe e va v a llley ley w h e r e t here here m a y be be some s o m e subsurface s u b s u r f a c e recharge r e c h a r g e from from the t h e fa f a nn gravels g r a v e l s. R e c h a rrg g ee Recha Sour S o u rces c e s of Rechar R e c h a rge ge T h e ulti u l t i ma m a t ee so s o uurce r c e of of recharge r e c h a r g e tto o tth h ee ground-water g r o u n d - w a t e r reservo r e s e r v o iir r iin n Ogden Ogden The V all l l ey e y iis s pprecipit r e c i p i t aation t i o n whi w h i cc hh fa f a llll ss mos m o s ttll yy iin n tthe h e fform o r m of of snow s n o w on o n t hhe e dra d r ainage inage Va bbasin a s i n .. Some S o m e of of thi t h i ss pprecipitation r e c i p i t a t i o n ffalls a l l s uupon p o n th t h ee per perm e a b l e depos d e p o s iits t s of of the the meable vvalley a l l e y fill f i l l a nnd d iinfiltrates n f i l t r a t e s directly d i r e c t l y tto o tthe he w a t e r - t a b l e aquifer. aquifer. water-table ( S e e area a r e a of of re r e-­ (See ccharge h a r g e on on P l a t e 2 ..)) Because B e c a u s e of of tthe h e hhydraulic y d r a u l i c connection c o n n e c t i o n bbetween e t w e e n tthe h e wa w attererPlate ttable a b l e and a n d tthe h e artesian a r t e s i a n aq a q uuifer,most i f e r . m o s t of h i ss recha r e c h a rrge ge w a t e rr rreache e a c h e ss tthe h e artesian artesian of tthi wate a q u i f e r due d u e tto o a gr g r avitational a v i t a t i o n a l fflow l o w a llong o n g tthe h e ppore o r e sspaces p a c e s of of t hhe e va v a ll l ley ey aquifer ffill i l l .. That T h a t pportion o r t i o n of of tthe h e pprecipit r e c i p i t aati t i oon n w h i c h ffalls a l l s uu ppon o n tthe h e pper erm e a b l ee de d e -­ which meabl pposits o s i t s aabove b o v e tthe h e confining c o n f i n i n g llayer a y e r for form s llocal o c a l bbodies o d i e s of of pperched e r c h e d wa w a ter t e r .. ms S o m e of h e rrunoff u n o f f from i s pprecipitation r e c i p i t a t i o n rreaches e a c h e s tthe h e surface surface Some of tthe from t hhis sstreams t r e a m s .. T h e pprinc r i n c iippa a ll rrecha e c h a rrg g ee tto o tthe h e gground round-w a t e r rreservoir e s e r v o i r iis s from seep­ The water from seepa g e a llong o n g tth h ee m a j o r sstream t r e a m cchanne h a n n e lls s aand n d from a n a ll ss aannd d iirriga r r i g a tteed d lands lands. age major from ccana T h e tthree h r e e fforks o r k s of gden R i v e r ccontri o n t r i bbute u t e ssubstantial u b s t a n t i a l aamounts m o u n t s of of The of O Ogden River w a t eer r tt oo tthe h e ground g r o u n d -w a t e r rreservoir e s e r v o i r s .. S e e ppage a g e from r r i g a tted e d lland a n d and and wat water See from iirriga ddelive e l i v e rry y ccanals a n a l s a lls s oo ccontribute o n t r i b u t e ssome o m e r eecharg c h a r g ee tto o tthe h e gground r o u n d -w a t eerr reserreser­ wat vvoi o i r s .. T h i s sseepage e e p a g e ttakes a k e s pplace l a c e dduring u r i n g tthe h e iirrigation r r i g a t i o n season season. This An uunknown n k n o w n bbuut t pprobably r o b a b l y ssmall m a l l qq uuantity a n t i t y of a tteer r m a y bbe e rrecha e c h a rrged ged of w wa may tto o tthhe e gground round-w a tteerr aaq q uuifer i f e r bby y ssubsurface u b s u r f a c e fflow l o w ddii rrectl e c t l yy from h e consoli c o n s o l i -­ wa from tthe dda a tted e d rrocks o c k s of h e bbordering ordering m o u n t ains a i n s .. of tthe mount T h e ssol o l uuble b l e aand n d ffractured r a c t u r e d rocks rocks The 46 t h e mountains m o u n t a i n s absorb a b s o r b part p a r t of the t h e precipitation p r e c i p i t a t i o n that t h a t falls f a l l s upon u p o n them. them. in the of the t h e absorbed a b s o r b e d water w a t e r is i s consumed c o n s u m e d by b y evapotranspira e v a p o t r a n s p i r a ttii oon n ,, part p a r t seeps seeps Part of into surface s u r f a c e s treams t r e a m s in i n the t h e mountains m o u n t a i n s ,. and a n d part p a r t remains r e m a i n s in i n the t h e subsurface subsurface into u n t i l it eventua e v e n t u a llly l y percolates p e r c o l a t e s directly d i r e c t l y into i n t o the t h e valley v a l l e y fill. fill. until T h e quantity quantity The w a t e r that t h a t recharges r e c h a r g e s tthe h e ground g r o u n d - water w a t e r reservoirs r e s e r v o i r s in i n Ogden O g d e n Va V a lley l l e y in in of water tthis h i s manner m a n n e r is i s not n o t known k n o w n .. i n i m u m total t o t a l recharge r e c h a r g e in i n 1970 1 9 7 0 was w a s estimated e s t i m a t e d to t o bbe e 34,300 34,300 The m minimum a c r e - ffeet e e t (t ( table a b l e 5) 5 ). acre T a b l e 5 .. Ground Ground-w a t e r recharge r e c h a r g e in i n 1970. 1970. Table water A c r e - ffeet eet Acre S e e p a g e from a t e r w a y s and and Seepage from w waterways 29,000 29,000 iirrigated r r i g a t e d land land IInfiltra n f i l t r a ttii oon n of of pprecipitation recipitation ..... .. . . S u b s u r f a c e inflow inflow Subsurface T o t a l ((rounded) rounded) Total 5,300 5,300 Unknown Unknown 34,300 34,300 S e e p a g e from a t e r w a y s and a n d iirrigated r r i g a t e d land land Seepage from w waterways The O gden R i v e r ssystem y s t e m iis s tthe he m o s t iimportant m p o r t a n t ssource o u r c e of recharge The Ogden River most of recharge to h e ground-water g r o u n d - w a t e r rre e sservoir e r v o i r iin n O gden V a l l e y .. to tthe Ogden Valley T h e eestimated s t i m a t e d seepage seepage The to h e gground round-w a t e r rres e s eerrvoir v o i r iin n 11970 9 7 0 from a t e r w a y s (perennial ( p e r e n n i a l streams s t r e a m s ,I to tthe water from w waterways d ccanals a n a l s aand n d dditches i t c h e s tthat h a t ddistribute istribute w a t e r from e r e n n i a l sstreams) t r e a m s ) and and and water from pperennial Q n iirrigated r r i g a t e d lland and w a s aabout b o u t 229, 9 , 0000 0 0 acre-feet acre-feet. was 47 47 No w work was No ork w a s ddone o n e dduring u r i n g tthis h i s iinvestigation n v e s t i g a t i o n tto o eestablish s t a b l i s h tthhe e amount amount of a t e r llost o s t bby y sseepage e e p a g e from a tterways e r w a y s .. of w water from w wa H o w e v e r , I aa sseri e r i ees s of m e a s u r e -­ However of measure m e n t s of e e p a g e llosses osses w as m a d e iin n tthe h e cchannel h a n n e l of o u t h FFork o r k Ogden Ogden roents of sseepage was made of SSouth River dduring of 11924 H .. W W. . B Browning of tthe Office of the River u r i n g tthe h e ssummer u m m e r of 9 2 4 bby y H r o w n i n g ,, of he O f f i c e of the S t a t e Engineer. Engineer. State On JJuly wat South was On u l y 220 0 ,I aall l l tthe he w a t eerr iin n tthe he S o u t h FFork ork w a s bbeing e i n g ddiverted i v e r t e d at at mouth of SSouth Canyon tthe he m o u t h of o u t h FFork ork C a n y o n ffor o r iirrigation r r i g a t i o n ,I aand n d tthe h e cchanne h a n n e ll of of was of m more miles tthe h e sstream tream w a s ddry r y ffor o r aa ddist i s t aance n c e of o r e tthan h a n 22 m i l e s bbelow e l o w the the ddiversion. iversion. W a t e r bbegan e g a n tto o fflow l o w iin n tthe h e cchannel h a n n e l aagain g a i n aat t aa point point Water mile of H Huntsville On aabout b o u t hhalf a l f aa m i l e ssoutheas o u t h e a s tt of u n t s v i l l e .. O n tthat h a t dda a yy aabout b o u t 34 of tthe mouth of tthe was ssecond e c o n d --ffeet e e t of h e fflow l o w aat t tthe he m o u t h of h e ccanyon anyon w a s tturned u r n e d back back Two water iinto n t o tthe h e ddry r y ccreek r e e k cchannel. hannel. T w o ddays a y s llater a t e r tthe he w a t e r hhad a d rreached eached a mile of ddiversion more ppoint o i n t oonly n l y aabout b o u t aa m i l e bbelow e l o w tthe h e pplace l a c e of i v e r s i o n , , aand nd m o r e tt han han a m mile i l e of of the t h e cha c h a nnnel n e l s t iill l l rremained e m a i n e d ddry r y .. On O n JJuly u l y 23 , 1925 1 9 2 5 , 43 43 was ssecond e c o n d --ffee e e tt w a s fflowing l o w i n g iin n tthe h e sstream t r e a m cchannel h a n n e l jjust u s t bbelow e l o w tthe h e point point mouth of tthe of ddiversion of i v e r s i o n aatt tthe he m o u t h of h e ccanyon a n y o n ,, bbut u t tth h ee fflow l o w aa tt aa point point aapproximately pproximately 1 m i l e ffarther a r t h e r ddown o w n tthe h e channe c h a n n e ll w a s only o n l y aabout b o u t 2S 25 mile was s e c o n d - ffeet e e t , , sshowing h o w i n g a 10s5 l o s s of b o u t 18 18 second s e c o n d --ffeet e e t iin n 1 m i l e of of second of aabout mile cchannel h a n n e l (Leggette ( L e g g e t t e aand nd T a y l o r , 11937, 9 3 7 , pp .. 132) 13 2 ) . Taylor, Further F u r t h e r ttes e s tt ss aa llong o n g tthe h e ssame a m e sstream t r e a m channe c h a n n e ll showed s h o w e d tthat h a t tt hhe e seepage s e e p a g e loss loss was mile of tthe w a s about a b o u t 39 39 ssecond e c o n d -- ffee e e tt tthrough h r o u g h tthe h e 22-- m i l e section s e c t i o n of h e cc hh aanne n n e ll.. These These of aabout mile ttest e s t ss indicate indicate a a seepage s e e p a g e ll oss o s s of b o u t 42 4 2 ppercent e r c e n t aalong l o n g one one m i l e section section of tthe of h e sstream t r e a m cchannel, h a n n e l , aa lloss oss much m u c h hhigher i g h e r tthan h a n one o n e sshould h o u l d norma n o r m ally lly expect with e x p e c t .. In In order o r d e r tto o come c o m e uup p w i t h more m o r e rreliable e l i a b l e seepage s e e p a g e ffigures i g u r e s ,, referrefer­ ences were made water Utah With ences w ere m a d e tto o other o t h e r gground r o u n d -- w a t e r bbaSins a s i n s iin n U t a h .. W i t h tthe h e informainforma­ from tthe Weber Dee llta !ion t i o n obtained o b t a i n e d from h e already a l r e a d y ppublished u b l i s h e d rr eports e p o r t s of of W eber D t a District, District, Non Valley Vaa ll made N o r t hern h e r n Ut U t aah h V a l l e y ,, and a n d Southern S o u t h e r n Utah Utah V l l ey e y ,, tt hhe e a a uuthor thor m a d e tthe he follOWi f o l l o w i nng g assumptions a s s u m p t i o n s :: (1) (1) seepage s e e p a g e llos o s ss from from the t h e channels c h a n n e l s of of major major s t r e a m s is i s about a b o u t 20 percent p e r c e n t of of tthe h e total t o t a l discharge d i s c h a r g e ,, (2) seepage s e e p a g e loss l o s s from from streams th the canals is about 20 percent of the water diverted for irrigation , and e c a n a l s i s a b o u t 20 p e r c e n t of t h e w a t e r d i v e r t e d f o r i r r i g a t i o n , and 448 8 d i v e r sions s i o n s from t h e perennial p e r e n n i a l s tre t r e aams m s were were m a d e only o n l y duri d u r i nng g tth h ee irriga i r r i g a-­ (3) diver from the made tt10n i o n season season. Most M o s t of of tthe h e seepage s e e p a g e from from perennial p e r e n n i a l streams s t r e a m s tt akes a k e s place p l a c e during d u r i n g la l attee ss ppring r i n g and a n d early e a r l y summer s u m m e r when w h e n tt hhe e fflow l o w is i s maxim m a x i m uum. m . The T h e tt hhree r e e fforks o r k s of of Ogden O g d e n Rive R i v e rr fl f l oow w across a c r o s s the t h e hhighl i g h l yy ppermeable e r m e a b l e rrecharge e c h a r g e aa rreas e a s of of Ogden Ogden Valley from tt hhe Ogden River V a l l e y .. The T h e tt oott aall runoff r u n o f f from e tthree h r e e ffo o rrks k s of of O gden R iver d d uuring r i n g the the was nnonirriga o n i r r i g a ttion i o n season s e a s o n of of 197 1 9 7 00 w a s about a b o u t 227, 7 , 6600 0 0 acre a c r e -- ffeet. eet. 20 ppercent 20 e r c e n t of of this t h i s runoff r u n o f f rrecharg e c h a r g ees s tthe h e aaquife q u i f e r s. s. Probably P r o b a b l y about about Thu T h u s ,, d uuring r i n g tt hhe e nonirriganonirriga­ of rrecharge was tticn i o n season s e a s o n of of 1970 1 9 7 0 tthe h e tt oott aall amount a m o u n t of echarge w a s aabout b o u t 55,500 , 5 0 0 aacre-feet. cre-feet. During of N North Fork was more D u r i n g tthe h e iirrigation r r i g a t i o n sea s e a ss oon n ,, tthe h e cchanne h a n n e ll of orth F ork w as m o r e or or most of tthe wat lless e s s ddry r y since since m o s t of he w a t eerr is is d d ii vverted e r t e d iinto n t o iirrigation r r i g a t i o n ccanals. anals. The The flow of Sou Middle For Ogden Rive was flow of S o u tt hh FFor o r kk and and M iddle F o r kk O gden R i v e r s ,, hhowever o w e v e r ,, w a s abo a b o ut ut 5522 ,,0000 0 0 aacre c r e -- ffee e e tt. . Thus from tt hhe of tt hhese T h u s ,, tthe h e sseepage e e p a g e from e cchannels h a n n e l s of e s e sstreams treams was w a s aabout b o u t 110 0 ,,4400 0 0 acre a c r e-fee - f e ett . Water from tt hhe W a t e r iis s ddive i v e rrted t e d from e tthre h r e ee fforks o r k s iinto n t o uunlined n l i n e d iirrigati r r i g a t i oon n ca c a nals nals which of O Ogden Vaa ll w h i c h ccross r o s s tt hhe e pprincipa r i n c i p a ll rrecharge e c h a r g e aareas r e a s of gden V l l ey e y .. These T h e s e canals canals of w wate ddive i v e rrtt aabout b o u t 330 0 ,,0000 0 0 aac c rre e --ffe e eett of a t e rr dd uuring r i n g tt hhe e iirrigation r r i g a t i o n sseason, e a s o n , and and wat tthey h e y uundoubted n d o u b t e d llyy ll oose se w a t eerr tt oo tthe h e rrecharge e c h a r g e a rreas e a s .. The from thes T h e l ooss s s from t h e se 20 ppercent o f tthe wat ccana a n a llss iis s eest s t iimated m a t e d tt oo bhe e aabout b o u t 20 e r c e n t of he w a t eer r ddiverted i v e r t e d ;; tthus, h u s , the the from tthese was rrecharge e c h a r g e from h e s e uunlined n l i n e d ccanals anals w a s aabout b o u t 66 ,,0000 0 0 aacre c r e -- ffee e e tt. . ing 2244 ,,0000 of w wa ing 0 0 aacre-fee c r e - f e e t t of a tte e rr iis s aapplied p p l i e d ffor o r iirrigation r r i g a t i o n .. The T h e remainremain­ If 30 30 ppercent of If e r c e n t of tthe he w a t e r iinfiltra n f i l t r a ttes e s tto o tthe h e gground round-w a t eerr rreser e s e r vvoir, o i r , tthen h e n tthhe e aamount m o u n t of water wat of from tthhis rrecharge e c h a r g e from i s ssource o u r c e iis s aa bbout o u t 77 ,,2200 0 0 acre a c r e-- feet. feet. 449 9 In gden V a l l e y tthere h e r e aerre e oonly n l y tt w o iirrigation rrigation w e l l s .. In O Ogden Valley wo wells wellS were w ells w e r e uused s e d ffor o r hhousehold o u s e h o l d ppurposes. urposes. M o s t of the Most of the Therefore T h e r e f o r e , , tthe h e rrecharge e c h a r g e from from such was s u c h sources sources w a s aassumed s s u m e d tto o bbe e negligibl n e g l i g i b lee . I n f i l t r a t i o n of Precipitation Infiltration of Precipitation Some more S o m e of of tthe h e pprecipitation r e c i p i t a t i o n tthat h a t ffalls a l l s oon n tthe he m o r e ppermeabl e r m e a b l ee ss urfa u r f aces ces of Ogd O g d en en V a l l e y iinfiltrates n f i l t r a t e s ddownwa o w n w a rrd d tt oowa w a rrd d tthe h e aaquifer q u i f e r s .. T h e aamount m o u n t of of of Valley The i n f i l t r a t i o n of r e c i p i t a t i o n vvaries aries w i t h tt hhe e s llope o p e of h e ll aand n d .. T h e steeper steeper infiltration of pprecipitation with of tthe The t h e slope s l o p e ,, tthe h e larger l a r g e r th t h ee amount a m o u n t of u n o f f iin n aa ggiven i v e n pperiod e r i o d of On the of rrunoff of ttii m mee .. On u n e v e n surfaces s u r f a c e s ,, hhowever, o w e v e r , tthew here m a y bbe e cconSiderable o n s i d e r a b l e ssurface u r f a c e sstorage t o r a g e of of uneven may water. A A ggreater r e a t e r pproportion r o p o r t i o n of of water w a t e r eenters n t e r s tt hhe e ssoil o i l dduring u r i n g pperi e r i oods d s of of water. s t e a d y rain r a i n ss th t h aan n during d u r i n g heavy h e a v y downpours d o w n p o u r s .. steady T he m o r e oopen p e n and a n d pporous o r o u s the the The more s o i l cover. c o v e r , tthe h e be b e ttter t e r able a b l e it i t is i s to t o aabsor b s o r bb w a t e r aand n d pprevent r e v e n t it i t from running 1011 water from running off off immediate i m m e d i a t ely. ly. The of tth T h e use u s e of of wat w a t eer r bby y veget(~tion v e g e t a t i o n aand n d tthe h e ttime i m e of h ee yyear e a r a rre e interre i n t e r r e-­ lated l a t e d factors. factors. During D u r i n g the t h e growing g r o w i n g season s e a s o n ,, vvegetat e g e t a t iion o n iintercepts n t e r c e p t s aand n d con c o n-­ lumes s u m e s large l a r g e amount a m o u n t s of of wat w a t ee rr be.fore b e f o r e it i t rreaches e a c h e s t hhe e water w a t e r t aabl b l e ,, especia e s p e c i a lly lly J u n e through t h r o u g h September S e p t e m b e r .. As a resu r e s u lltt of of consumptive c o n s u m p t i v e uuse s e of of wat w a t eerr by by from June P l a n t s , the t h e water w a t e r t abl a b l ee declines d e c l i n e s gradually g r a d u a l l y tthroughout h r o u g h o u t tthe h e summer s u m m e r and a n d fall fall plants, m o n t h s , and a n d usually u s u a l l y is i s l owest o w e s t in i n t hhe e l a tte e fa f a lll. l. months, L o w e r ttempera e m p e r a tures t u r e s ,, long long Lower s t e a d y rain, r a i n , and a n d nno o tra t r a nspiration n s p i r a t i o n l osses o s s e s favor f a v o r tthe h e recharge r e c h a r g e of of ground g r o u n d water. water. steady In the t h e presence p r e s e n c e of of dense d e n s e veget v e g e t aation t i o n the t h e rrate a t e of of flow f l o w of of s uurface rface w a t e r is is lD water apJI'eCiably a p p r e c i a b l y rreetarded t a r d e d .. 550 0 The urface m a t e r i a l s iin n O gden V l l eey, y , eespecially s p e c i a l l y tthose h o s e i1n n tthe h e re r e -­ The ssurface materials Ogden Vaa ll ccbatg h a r g ee aareas r e a s ,, aare r e qquite u i t e pper erm e a b l e .. meable pprecipitation r e c i p i t a t i o n .. T h i s ffavors a v o r s aa ddirect i r e c t iinfiltration n f i l t r a t i o n of of This S o m e of h e pprecipitation r e c i p i t a t i o n tthhat a t ffalls a l l s oon n tthe h e surrounding surrounding Some of tthe m o u n t a i n s aalso l s o ddrains r a i n s iinto n t o tthe h e vvalley a l l e y ffill. ill. mountains The oonly Ogden Valley The n l y pprecipitation r e c i p i t a t i o n ssta t a ttiion o n iin n O gden V a l l e y iis s aatt PPineview i n e v i e w Dam Dam, in O gden C a n y o n aabout b o u t aa m i l e bbe e llow o w tthe h e llower o w e r eend n d of gden V l l e y .. The The in Ogden Canyon mile of O Ogden Vaa Uey record bbegan e g a n iin n JJanuary a n u a r y 11935 9 3 5 aand n d dduring u r i n g tthe h e pperiod e r i o d 11935 9 3 5 -- 770 0 tthe h e average average record aannual n n u a l pprecipitation recipitation w a s 228 8 ,.449 9 iinches n c h e s .. was An a rrlier l i e r rrecord e c o r d aatt H u n t s v i l l e in in An eea Huntsville tthe h e southeast s o u t h e a s t ppart a r t of gden V l l e y ccovered o v e r e d 30 e a r s of h e pperiod e r i o d 11895 8 9 5 to to of O Ogden Vaa lley 30 yyears of tthe 1 9 3 0 , dduring uring w h i c h tt hhe e average a v e r a g e aannual n n u a l pprecipit r e c i p i t aation tion w a s 220 0 ..44 inches inches. 1930, which was A b s e n c e oi of ooverlap verlap m a k e s tthe h e ccorrelation o r r e l a t i o n of h e s e ttwo w o rrecords e c o r d s impossible impossible, Absence makes of tthese but it a p p e a r s tthat h a t tthe he P ineview D a m sstation t a t i o n rreceives e c e i v e s aabout b o u t 440 0 percent percent but it appears Pineview Dam more pprecipitation r e c i p i t a t i o n tthan h a n t hhe e H u n t s v i l l e station s t a t i o n ,, bbecause e c a u s e of h e orog o r o graphic raphic more Huntsville of tthe i n f l u e n c e of of tthe he W a s a t c h Range Range. influence Wasatch Thee aamount m o u n t of of rrecharge e c h a r g e from r e c i p i t a t i o n during d u r i n g 1970 1970 w a s estimated estimated Th from ppreCipitation was by making m a k i n g tthe h e following f o l l o w i n g assumptions: assumptions: by (1) only o n l y 70 70 ppercent e r c e n t of of tthe h e precipit p r e c i p i taa-­ t i o n at at P ineview D a m iis s rrepresentative e p r e s e n t a t i v e of of preci p r e c i ppit i t aation t i o n iin n Ogden O g d e n Va V all l ley; ey; tion Pineview Dam o n e of t h e pprecipitation r e c i p i t a t i o n ttha h a tt ffall a l l ss on o n tthe h e c l aay y confini c o n f i n i nng g l aayer y e r recharges recharges (2) nnone of the g r o u n d - w a t e r rreservoir; e s e r v o i r ; (3) onl o n l yy 25 pper e r ccent e n t of of tthe h e pprecipitation r e c i p i t a t i o n tthat h a t falls falls OIOund-water the m o r e pe p e rrmeable m e a b l e sedim~nts s e d i m e n t s infiltrat i n f i l t r a t ees s tto o t hhe e ground-wa g r o u n d - w a tter e r reservoir; reservoir; on the more d (4) only o n l y th t h ee pprecIpitation r e c i p i t a t i o n during d u r i n g the the m o n t h s of of JJanuaryanuary-M a y and a n d OctoberOctober and months May a n D e c e m b e r infiltrates i n f i l t r a t e s t o tthe h e wa w a tt eer r t aable b l e and a n d none n o n e of of t hhe e precipit p r e c i p i t aa ttion i o n dduring uring December 'lime-September J u n e - S e p t e m b e r infiltrat i n f i l t r a es t e s. 51 TTh h ee mmo o nnt t hhly l y pprec r e c i pipita i t a t itio on n i nin OOgden g d e n VVa a l lley l e y f ofor r t ht he e yyear e a r 119 9 770 0 i is s ggive i v e nn ini n t ta a bbl l ee 66. . TTable a b l e 66. . M o n t h l yy ppreci r e c i ppi i t taat tion i o n i inn OOgden g d e n VVa a l ll l eey y ffor o r t the h e yyea e a rr Monthl 11970 9 7 0 . . RRecord e c o r d of a t tion i o n l loca o c a t eted d aat t PPineview ineview D a m .. of sst ta Dam PPreci r e c i ppitation itation ((inches) inches) 44. .557 7 JJanuary anuary FFebru e b r u aary ry Mar M a r cch h April A pril May M ay Ju J u nne e JJuly uly Augus A u g u s tt SSept e p t eember mber October O ctober November N ovember December D ecember Annua A n n u a ll 11. . 220 0 22. . 664 4 33..882 2 33..555 5 22. . 665 5 ..441 1 ,.229 9 33..1 1 99 44..336 6 55 ..669 9 5 44 ..335 3 6 . 7 2 36 . 72 The precipit p r e c i p i t a ttio i o nn duri d u r i nng g th t h e period p e r i o d ss of of January J a n u a r y -- M a y and a n d Oc O ct tober o b e r--December December The May 1970 was w a s 30 3 0 . 118 8 inche i n c h e s (2 ( 2 .. 5 11 fee f e e tt)) a t Pi P i neview n e v i e w Dam D a m .. 1970 T h e rec r e c h aa rrge g e aarea rea The (the are a r e a be b e twee t w e e nn tt he h e bounda b o u n d a rry y of of t he h e va v a ll l l ey e y fil f i l l and a n d t he h e upper u p p e r limit l i m i t of of tthe he (the c l a y confining c o n f i n i n g bed b e d , plat p l a t e 2) 2) is i s about a b o u t 1122 , 000 0 00 acres a c r e s in i n Ogden O g d e n Va V all l ley ey. clay I If If 25 perce p e r c e nt n t of of this t h i s precipit p r e c i p i t aa t ion i o n iinfiltrat n f i l t r a tes e s tt oo the t h e gro g r ound u n d-- wa w a te t e r reservoir, reservoir, 25 t h e amount a m o u n t of of recha r e c h a rge r g e is: is: the 2 5 xx 22.. S1 5 1 xx 12, 1 2 , 000 0 0 0 xx ..70=='5 7 0 = 5 ,,300 3 0 0 acre a c r e- -fee f e et.t . 00.. 25 Some S o m e pa p arts r t s of of Ogd O g deenn Va V alll ley e y have h a v e rreason e a s o n ably a b l y permeable p e r m e a b l e ma m atteerria i allss aat t the t h e Surface s u r f a c e,, bbut u t tthey h e y aare r e underla u n d e r l aiinn aatt dept d e p thh by b y clay c l a y t that h a t is i s l less e s s permeabl p e r m e a b el e than t h a n the t h e ssurface u r f a c e ma m at e t erir ai al lss.. Some S o m e of of the t h e clay c l a y,, bei b e ing n g only o n l y sslig l i ghtly h t l y pe p er-r - 552 2 meab water m e a b llee ,, ssupports u p p o r t s pperched erched w a t e r bbodies o d i e s .. of H Hunt tthe h e vvicinity i c i n i t y of u n t sville. sville. may SSuch u c h ssituations ituations m a y bbe e sseen e e n in in Here, wells water H e r e , sseveral e v e r a l ddug ug w e l l s ddischarge ischarge w a t e r from from pperched erched w a t e r bodies bodies. water S u b s u r f a c e Inflow Inflow subsurface The The cconsolidated o n s o l i d a t e d aand n d ppoorl o o r l yy cconsolidated o n s o l i d a t e d rrocks o c k s tthat h a t ccrop r o p oout u t al a l ong ong the W Wasat Mount Ogden Vaa llley of absor the a s a t cch h M o u n t aains i n s bborde o r d e rring ing O gden V l e y aare r e ccapable a p a b l e of a b s o r bing bing and ttransmi of tthe of t he r a n s m i ttting t i n g ppart a r t of h e pprecipi.t r e c i p i t aation t i o n tthat h a t ffalls a l l s uupon p o n tthem h e m .. PPart a r t of he melt a t e r from s n o w pprobably r o b a b l y seeps s e e p s aa llong o n g tthe h e jjoints o i n t s ,, ffractures r a c t u r e s , , aand n d other other me lt w water from snow oopenings p e n i n g s and a n d may m a y rreach e a c h iinto n t o t hhe e vvaUey a l l e y ffill i l l .. H o w e v e r ,, tthe h e ccontribution o n t r i b u t i o n to to However r e c h a r g e from s u c h sources s o u r c e s is i s pprobably r o b a b l y ssmall. mall. T h e rrocks o c k s tthat h a t ccrop r o p out out rechal'ge from such The a l o n g tthe h e eastern e a s t e r n bboundary o u n d a r y of of tthe h e valley v a l l e y ddip i p aaway w a y from h e vvalley a l l e y aand n d re r e -­ along from tthe c h a r g e from h e s e rrocks ocks w i l l bbe e nnegligible e g l i g i b l e .. T he N o r w o o d Tuff probably charge from tthese will The Norwood Tuff probably c o n s t i t u t e s tthe h e llarge: a r g e ppa a rrtt of of t hhe e bbedrock e d r o c k of of O gden V a l l e y .. B e c a u s e of its constitutes Ogden Valley Because of its l o w ppermeability e r m e a b i l i t y it i t acts a c t s as a s an a n uundl:!rl n d e r l yying i n g cconfining o n f i n i n g bbed e d .. S o m e of e wa w a t er er low Some of t hhe p e r c o l a t i n g tthroug h r o u g hh t hhe e rrocks o c k s a llon9" o n g t hhe e w e s t eern r n bboundary o u n d a r y of e vva a llll eey y will will percolating west of t hhe l a r g e lly y inte i n t e rrcept c e p t eed d by b y this t h i s confi c o n f i nnii nng g bbed e d aand nd w o t rreach e a c h tto o t hhe e ground g r o u n d-­ be large wii llll nnot w a t e r aquifers a q u i f e r s in i n t hhe e Quaternary Q u a t e r n a r y dl:!pos d e p o sits i t s. Water Discha D i s c h a rrge ge Ground Valley G r o u n d water w a t e r is i s discharged d i s c h a r g e d in i n Ogden Ogden V a l l e y bboth o t h artifiCia a r t i f i c i a llll yy and and naturall withdr from bbot n a t u r a l l y . Artificia A r t i f i c i a ll discharge d i s c h a r g e occur o c c u r ss as as w i t h d r awals a w a l s from o t hh flowing flowing and d pumped p u m p e d we w e llll s. s. a n Natura N a t u r a ll discharge d i s c h a r g e iincludes n c l u d e s evapotranspiration e v a p o t r a n s p i r a t i o n ,, dis d i s-­ c h a r g e from springs s p r i n g s ,, and a n d subsurface s u b s u r f a c e o uutfl t f l ow o w .. As will w i l l be b e discussed d i s c u s s e d furthe f u r t h er charge 53 in tthis was in h i s rreport, e p o r t , tth h ee ssubs u b s uurface r f a c e ooutflow utflow w a s ggreatly r e a t l y rreduced e d u c e d bby y bbuilding u i l d i n g of of Dam pPine i n e vview iew D a m aand n d iit t iis s nnow o w negligible negligible. The m minimum was The i n i m u m ttotal o t a l ddischarge i s c h a r g e iin n 11970 970 w a s ees s ttim i m aatteed d tto o bbe e 34 3 4 ,, 0000 00 acre-fe a c r e - f e eett ((table t a b l e 7). 7). Tabl T a b l ee 77.. Ground-water G r o u n d - w a t e r ddischarge i s c h a r g e iin n 1970. 1970. Acre-fee A c r e - f e e tt Wells W ells FFlowing lowing ... .... ... .... .......... Non N o n --flowing flowing 12, 1 2 , 600 600 . •• • ...•.•.•.•. • .•.• 100 100 .. .. ... .... ... ... 2 0 , 000 000 20 Evapotranspiration E vapotranspiration 1,300 1,300 Springs Springs Subsurface S u b s u r f a c e outfl o u t f l oow w . .... .. ...... . ... Neg N e gligible ligible 34 3 4 ,, 000 000 Tota T o t a ll ((ro r o unded) unded) We W e llls ls In Ogden wells O g d e n Va V a lley l l e y tthere h e r e aare r e 46 4 6 a rtesian rtesian w e l l s (flowing) ( f l o w i n g ) a nnd d 160 1 6 0 non n o n-flowing l l s .. The T h e Ci C i t yy of of Ogden O g d e n obtains o b t a i n s a llll bbut u t a sma s m a llll part p a r t of of iitt s flow ing w wee ll m u n i c i p a ll wa w a tter e r supply s u p p l y from from a group g r o u p of of artesian a r t e s i a n we w e llll ss in i n Ogden O g d e n Valley, Valley, muniCipa t h e s ee withdrawa w i t h d r a w a lls s constitut c o n s t i t u t ee the t h e greatest g r e a t e s t part p a r t of of tth h ee discharge d i s c h a r g e from from and thes a r t e s i a n well w e l l s5 in i n th t h e valley v a l l e y. artesian 1 9 1 4 ,, t he h e City C i t y of of Ogden O g d e n began b e g a n deve d e v e lloping o p i n g a rtesia r t e s i a nn water w a t e r near n e a r the the In 1914 jjunction u n c t i o n of of the t h e t hree h r e e fo f o rrks k s of Ogden O g d e n River R i v e r ,, and a n d t hhe e drilling d r i l l i n g of of wells w e l l s by b y the the City Continued c o n t i n u e d a t i rreg r r e g uull aa rr interva i n t e r v a l ss until u n t i l 19 1 9 33 33. C l t y Altogether, A l t o g e t h e r , 51 5 1 wells w e l l s were were b y the t h e City C i t y of of Ogden O g d e n in i n the t h e so s o - ccalled a l l e d "Artesian " A r t e s i a n Park P a r k "II a r ea e a (now (now drilled by 5S4 4 ccove o v e rred e d bby y tthe h e rreser e s e r vvoir) o i r ) .. These we fr om 85 85 ttoo 6600 T hese w e llll ss rr aang n g ee iin n dde e ppth t h from 0 0 fee f e e t. t. fi ve of of tthese we were were Five hese w e llls ls w e r e ppoor o o r pprod r o d uu ccer e r ss aand n d tt hhey ey w e r e pplugged l u g g e d aand n d aaba b a nn­ doned n 11936 936 . doned iin Of e 446 6 w e l l s nnow o w iin n uuse s e ,, 443 3 r aange n g e ii nn ddepth e p t h from Of tt hhe wells from 85 85 t o 215 ffeet e e t aand n d t hhe e oother t h e r ss aare r e 2246 4 6 ,, 4475 7 5 , a nnd d 6600 0 0 ffee e e tt deep deep. Prior o f PPii nnee vview Reser we were P r i o r tto o t hhe e ccompl o m p l eettion i o n of iew R e s e r vvoir, o i r , 448 8 w e llll ss w e r e con c o n -­ of w withd from t hhese nneeted e c t e d tto o aa ccollect o l l e c t iing n g s yysstteem m aand n d tth h ee rra a tt ee of i t h d r aawa w a llss from e s e we w e lls lls w a s rregulated e g u l a t e d bby y controlli c o n t r o l l i nng g w o r k s aatt tthe h e we w e lls. lls. was works About 19 19 of we with About of tthe he w e llll ss a rre e i nnd d i vvii ddu u aa llly l y eeq q uuipped ipped w i t h vva a ll vves e s bby y which which wells tth h eey y can c a n bbe e closed c l o s e d oorr ope o p e nned e d .. Twent T w e n t yy -- ffive ive w e l l s aTe a r e eeq q uuipped i p p e d with with concrete we made c o n c r e t e ccatch a t c h bbasins a s i n s a rround o u n d t hhe e w e lll l ccasings a s i n g s and a n d c aan n bbe e m a d e to to flow flow iinto n t o tthe h e catc c a t c hh bbas a s ii nns s oove v e rr t hhe e t oops p s of of t hhe e casi c a s i nngs g s ,, ffo o uur r oorr fi f ivv e ffeet e e t above a b o v e tthe h e surface s u r f a c e .. The T h e ccatch a t c h bbasins a s i n s dr d r aained i n e d bby y ggravit r a v i t yy iinto n t o the the collecting c o l l e c t i n g sys s y s tteem m (Leggette ( L e g g e t t e and a n d Taylor, T a y l o r , 19 1 9 37, 3 7 , pp .. 140) 1 4 0 ). In ppreparation Artesian Park Pineview r e p a r a t i o n for f o r tthe h e inundati i n u n d a t i oon n of of A rtesian P a r k bby y P i n e v i e w Reser R e s e r-­ v o i r ,, tthe h e casings c a s i n g s of of 46 4 6 of of t hhe e w ells w e rre e c uutt down d o w n as as m u c h aas s 10 10 ffeet e e t and and wells we much voir c o n n e c t e d tto o a 33 - ffoo o o tt-diamet - d i a m e t eerr stee s t e e ll cond c o n d uu iit. t. connected By l oowe w e rring i n g tthe h e ppOint o i n t of d i s c hharge a r g e ,, tthe he m axim u m di d i ss cc hhaarrge ge w i t h a llll w e l l ss fflowing l o w i n g ffree ree w a s in i ncre c r eas a se d disc maxi mum with well was 20 pperce e r c e nntt abo a b o vve e tth h ee ppre r e vvious i o u s maximum maximum. Until U n t i l 1951 1 9 5 1 tthese h e s e artes a r t e s iian a n wells w e l l s su s u pppli p l i eed d w aa tte e rr o off good g o o d q uu aality l i t y to to t h e Cit C i t yy of Ogden O g d e n .. Howev H o w e v eer, r , in i n 195 1 9 5 11 t hhe e fi f i r ss tt iron i r o n bact b a c t eeri r i aa pproble roblem in the m in t h e arteSian a r t e s i a n well w e l l s uup p pply l y wa w a ss recorded r e c o r d e d ,, and a n d in i n 196 1 9 6 44 tthere h e r e was w a s a ssudde u d d e nn the l a r g e iincrease n c r e a s e i nn t he h e i rron o n bact b a c t ee rrii aa cont c o n t eent n t of of tth h ee wa w a tte e rr from from t hhe e we w ells l l s .. large \Vhen h e n further f u r t h e r t est e s t ss made m a d e in i n 19 1 9 667 7 c oo nnfinn f i r m eed d t hhe e increasing i n c r e a s i n g amo a m o unts u n t s of of iron iron ba b a cteri c t e r i a ,, the t h e Cit C i t y of of Ogde O g d e nn decided d e c i d e d to t o drill d r i l l new n e w replacement r e p l a c e m e n t wells. wells, ^ p l a c i n g t he h e exi e x i ssting t i n g wells w e l l s w iith t h the t h e new n e w wells w e l l s would w o u l d pro p r o v iide d e wa w att er er ReplaCing 55 free i r o n bac b a c tteria e r i a and and w o u l d ffurt u r t hhe e rr provide p r o v i d e an a n opportunity o p p o r t u n i t y to t o arrange arrange free from iron would for simple s i m p l e ttreatment r e a t m e n t of of t hhe e we w e llls l s with w i t h chlorine c h l o r i n e if if bbacte a c t e rrial i a l probl p r o b l ems e m s should should for d e v e l o p iin n tthe h e fu f u ture t u r e .. These T h e s e nnew ew w ells w e r e t hhen e n drilled d r i l l e d on o n the t h e land l a n d ssurur­ develop wells were ffaa cce e at tthe h e Camp Camp B r o w n i n g ar a r ea. ea. Browning A l t o g e t h e r eight eight w e l l ss were w e r e drilled d r i l l e d ddurur­ Altogether well ing tthe h e pperiod e r i o d 1969 1 9 6 9 - 771 1 but b u t tthree h r e e of of t hhem em w e r ee poor p o o r pr p r oducer o d u c e r ss and a n d abandonabandon­ ing wer e d . The ffiv i v ee w e llls ls w h i c h aare r e ggoing o i n g to t o supply supply w a t e r ffo o rr the t h e City C i t y of of Ogden Ogden ed. we which water are 20 iinches n c h e s iin n diameter d i a m e t e r and a n d tthe h e iir r depths d e p t h s range r a n g e from from 240 2 4 0 feet f e e t to t o 278 2 7 8 feet feet are (see drille d r i l l e r s '' llogs o g s iin n aappendix p p e n d i x IIII) I I ) .. E ch w e llll iis s pprovided rovided w i t h 20-inch20-inch(see Eaa ch we with diameter m t i p l e sections s e c t i o n s of of w e l l sscreens c r e e n s and a n d 118 8 - iinch n c h cas c a s iinng g was was diameter muu lltiple well i n s t a l l e d bbetween e t w e e n ssections e c t i o n s of c r e e n s .. A e w 33-- ffooto o t - ddiameter i a m e t e r ss tt ee e e ll concon­ installed of sscreens A nnew duit hhas a s bbeen e e n cons c o n s ttructed r u c t e d aand n d tthe he w a t e r from h e s e nnew e w wells wells w i l l be be duit water from tthese will pumped n t o tthis h i s cconduit. onduit. pumped iinto As o o n as a s tt hhe e nnew ew w e l l s aa rre e put p u t iinto n t o oper o p e ration, ation, As ssoon wells tthe h e old ells w i l ll bbe e pplugged l u g g e d aand n d abandoned a b a n d o n e d .. old w wells wil Prior o 11937 937 m o s tt of e nnon o n --flowing flowing w e l l s iin n O gden V l l ey ey w e r e dd ug ug Prior tto mos of tt hhe wells Ogden Vaa ll were w e l l s .. wells T h e yy w e r e llimited i m i t e d iin n ddepth e p t h tt oo tth h ee ffirst irst w a t e r eencountered n c o u n t e r e d ,, and and The were water uUsually s u a l l y tto o rrelatively e l a t i v e l y sshallow h a l l o w ddepths e p t h s ((ll ee sss s ttha h a nn 50 eet). 50 ffeet). D i n g 194 1 9 400 - 70, 70, Duu rring aabout b o u t 110 ells w e r e ddrill r i l l eed d bby y ccab a b lle e --ttoool o l ppercussion ercussion m e t h o d and a n d 16 16 wells wells 11 0 w wells were method w e r e ddrill r i l l eed d bby y hhydraulic y d r a u l i c rr oott aary r y dd rilling. rilling. Were T a b l e 88 ggives i v e s tthe h e cclassification l a s s i f i c a t i o n of on-flowing w e l l ss iin n Ogden Ogden Table of nnon-flowing well v a llley l e y iin n 119!J70 7 0 aaccording c c o r d i n g tto o uuse s e ,, ddept e p t hh, . aand n d diamet d i a m e t ee r. r. Va 56 T a b l e 8. 8 . Classification C l a s s i f i c a t i o n of of non-flowing n o n - f l o w i n g wells w e l l s in i n Ogden Ogden Table V a l l e y i n 1 9 7 0 . Valley in 1970 . ( B a s e dd on o n applicatio. a p p l i c a t i on n s ,, claims c l a i m s ,, and a n d drillers d r i l l e r s ' reports r e p o r t s filed f i l e d with with (Bas tthe h e Utah U t a h State S t a t e Engineer). Engineer). I Use: Use: Domestic D o m e s t i c (D) Irrigation I r r i g a t i o n (I) Stock S t o c k (S) C o m b i n e d ((D D , II,,SSI ) Combined T o t a ll rreported eported Tota Number N u m b e r of of wells wells 128 128 2 9 21 160 160 D e p t h (feet): (feet): Depth L e s s tthan h a n 550 0 Less 550 0 -- 1100 00 1100 0 0 - 1150 50 150 nd m ore 150 aand more Total reported Total reported 160 160 D i a m e t e r (inche ( i n c h e 5) s ) :: Diameter L e s s tthan h a n 44 Less 44 66 88 M o r e tthan h a n 88 More D ug Dug T o t a l reported reported Total 33 42 42 77 77 22 22 77 99 1160 60 34 34 78 78 23 25 57 57 D i s c h a rrge g e FFrom rom A r t e s i a n Wells Wells Discha Artesian The wwithd from tthe means of 446 Ogden The i t h d rrawals a w a l s from h e aa rrtesi t e s i aan n rreservoir e s e r v o i r bby y m e a n s of 6 O g d e n City City w e l l s cconstitut o n s t i t u t ee tthe h e llarges a r g e s tt aa rrtificial t i f i c i a l ddii ss ccha h a rrge g e .. wells S i n c e 1936 1 9 3 6 ,, tthe h e discharge discharge Since from hese w e l l ss hhas a s bbeen een m e a s u r e d bby y aa vventurimeter. enturimeter. from tthese well measured M o n t h l y aand n d annua a n n u al Monthly ddischarge i s c h a r g e from t e s iian an w e llls l s iin n O gden V a l l e y iis s sshown h o w n in i n ttabl a b l ee 99 . from aa rrtes we Ogden Valley T he m o n t h l y ddischa i s c h a rrg g ee from r t e ssian ian w e llll ss ffor o r tthe h e ppe e rrii ood d 1931-7 1931-70 The monthly from aarte we iis s sshown h o w n iin n ffigure i g u r e 110 0 .. T h e dd iischarge s c h a r g e from hese w e l l s iis s nnot o t cons c o n s ta t a nt nt The from tthese wells but h a n g e s from e a s o n tto o sseason e a s o n aand n d from e a r ttoo yyear e a r .. but cchanges from sseason from yyear In g e n e r a l th t h ee In general llowest owest w i t h d r a w a llss a rre e iin n tthe h e aautumn u t u m n aand nd w i n t e r sseasons, e a s o n s , and a n d tth h ee highest highest withdrawa winter w i t h d r a w a llss aare r e iin n JJune u n e of a c h yyear e a r .. withdrawa of eeach F o r sseveral e v e r a l yyears e a r s ccompressed o m p r e s s e d air air For w a s fforced o r c e d iinto n t o tthe he w e llls l s tto o iincrease n c r e a s e tthe h e fflow l o w dduring u r i n g tthe h e summer. summer. was we The The aaverage v e r a g e ddischarge i s c h a r g e from h e s e 446 6 w e l l s for h e pperiod e r i o d 193 1 9 3 11 - 770 0 was w a s about about from tthese wells fo r tthe 112, 2 , 8800 0 0 aacre c r e -- ffe e eett a yyear e a r .. The m a x i m uum m ddischarge i s c h a r g e for h e same s a m e period p e r i o d I, The maxim for tthe 1 8 , 1 446 6 acre a c r e - ffee e e tt, , w a s iin n 119 9 52 5 2 ,. and a n d tthe he m inimum d i s c h a r g e ,, 9 ,, 4449 4 9 acre a c r e-18,1 was minimu m dis:::harg ffeet, eet, w a s iin n 1964 1 9 6 4 .. was D u r i n g 1970 1 9 7 0 tthe h e ttot o t aall d iis s ccharge h a r g e from from the t h e a rrtesian t e s i a n wells wells During w a s aabou b o u tt 112,600 2 , 6 0 0 aacre-feet. cre-feet. Was Discharg From Non-flowing D i s c h a r g ee F rom N o n - f l o w i n g We W e lls lls Th from nnon-flowing \,\Tells T h e ddii sscha c h a rrge g e from on-flowing w e l l s ffor o r domestic d o m e s t i c use u s e was w a s de d ete t err­ mined mined by b y multiplying m u l t i p l y i n g a nn average a v e r a g e annual a n n u a l di d i sscharge c h a r g e (about ( a b o u t 0 ..7 7 acre a c r e-feet -feet) Per well w e l l uuss eed d ffor o r domestic d o m e s t i c ppurposes u r p o s e s by b y tthe h e t ootal t a l nnumber u m b e r of of domes d o m e s ttii cc we w ells lls per U 2 8 ) .. The T h e a vver e r aage g e annu a n n u aa ll d ischarge i s c h a r g e of of a domesti d o m e s t i cc well w e l l was w a s obt o b tained ained (28 from the t h e informati i n f o r m a t i oon n on o n rura r u r a ll - ffam a m iily l y and a n d s t oock c k us u s ee bby y Cridd C r i d d l e and a n d others others from Year Jan. 1931 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 780 740 870 860 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1,000 1,000 1,000 194 1 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 790 770 900 960 1,350 920 755 750 790 Table Table 9. f,'lonthly and ~nd annual aTtllu~1 discharge of Monthly of Artesian Park Wells, in acr('-feel. acre-feet. Sources: 195 1 from H.E 1953) and 1951-56 Records 19311931-1951 H.E.. Thomas Thomas ((1953) and 1960-70 from rrom J.r '~ Annual Report Ogden J.F.. l3arnell Barnett's River System. June July Aug. 880 650 9915 15 970 875 1,300 1,300 930 1,000 1,010 1,010 915 1.230 1,230 1,190 1, 190 1,115 1, 160 1,160 1,005 1,005 1, 120 1,120 1.1 80 1,180 1, 15 5 1,155 1,200 1,200 1.1 30 1,130 1,015 965 665 620 695 1,000 1.1 25 1,125 695 9910 10 1,095 1.050 1,050 985 890 1,005 1,265 1,340 1,340 1,245 1,300 1,300 1,383 1,445 1,265 1.2 65 1,390 1,2 15 1,215 1.340 1,340 1,395 1,395 1,190 1.190 1.295 1,295 1,065 970 875 945 785 920 550 840 910 1,030 1,250 1,250 990 1,030 1,030 1,000 1,000 1,070 1,020 1,020 980 1, 130 1,130 1,280 1,280 1,460 1,460 1,310 1,310 1,070 1,070 1,380 1,480 1,480 1,590 1,380 1,090 1,250 1,380 1,300 1,370 1,370 790 1,170 1, 180 1,180 1,350 1,350 1,330 1,330 Feb. Mar. Apr. 760 790 775 800 790 680 870 910 870 830 650 875 965 840 650 920 1,005 930 685 670 665 985 730 735 755 680 730 810 930 630 790 860 930 20 1,0 1,020 1,030 1,030 1,040 1,040 780 870 May 960 900 Sepl. Sept. 930 910 1,100 1,090 1,095 Del. Oct. 830 750 910 900 1,000 1,160 1, 160 1,195 Nov. Dec. 800 6610 10 835 860 900 800 680 860 920 930 895 845 755 855 775 940 750 730 690 860 900 710 890 900 1, 120 1,120 1,200 1,200 1,3 50 1,350 1,260 1,260 820 795 Annual 11,100 9,800 1 1,300 11,300 11,600 11,700 12,800 12,700 10,400 10,800 11 ,500 11,500 Q,900 9,900 11 ,900 11,900 13 ,000 13,000 13 ,700 13,700 14 ,000 14,000 Table 9 — - Continued Continued Year JJan. an. Feb . Feb. Mnr. Mar. Ap r. Apr. May Junt' June JJuly uly Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Annual 19016 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1,170 1,270 1,280 1,140 1,140 1,3 10 1,310 1,1 00 1,100 1,050 1,060 1,110 1,11 0 1,170 1.1 70 1,100 1, 100 990 1,150 1,170 1, 170 1,220 1,220 1,350 860 1,070 1,070 1,120 1, 120 1,210 1.210 1,0500 1,05 1,300 1,300 1,250 1,250 1,350 1,350 1,250 1,360 1,300 1,300 1,180 I.I BO 1,560 1,560 1,410 1,4 10 1,480 1.480 1,6500 1,65 1,580 1,600 1,560 1.560 1,740 1,700 1.700 1,470 1,470 1,410 1.4 10 1,560 1.560 1,5 40 1,540 1,360 1,370 1,300 1,560 1,730 1,270 1,270 1,260 1,260 1,220 1,220 1,250 1,250 1,260 1,260 1,2 10 1,210 1, 160 1,160 1, 160 1,160 1.240 1,240 1,400 1,210 1,210 1,270 1,270 1,2 10 1,210 1,240 1,240 1,400 1,400 15,200 15,100 15. IDO 15,300 15,600 15,800 16,500 16500 1951 195 1 1952 1953 1954 1955 1,300 I ,Joo 1,8:28 1,828 1,267 1,267 1,170 1, 170 1,360 1,360 1,060 1,060 1,200 1,200 1,260 1,260 1.240 1,240 1,240 1,240 1,270 1,270 1,130 1,130 1,520 1,520 1,520 1, 190 1,190 \,390 1,390 1,520 1,520 1,235 1,300 1,300 1,230 1,230 1.430 1,430 1,580 1,300 1,300 1,660 1,680 1,680 1,660 1,660 1,450 1,850 1.1 50 1,150 ),320 1,320 1,680 1.680 1,830 1,550 1,430 1,430 1,430 1,490 1,490 1,530 1,530 1,435 1,435 1,700 1,700 1,740 1,740 1,460 1,460 1,780 1,660 1,660 1,240 1,240 1,220 1,220 1,400 1,400 1,380 1,380 1,340 1,340 1,120 1, 120 1, 180 1,180 1.300 1,300 1.330 1,330 1,180 1,450 1,290 1,280 1.280 1,580 1,580 1,490 1,490 1,030 1,030 1,060 1,060 16,700 16.700 18,146 18.146 17,087 17,08 7 16,010 16,0 10 15 ,940 15,940 1956 1957 195 7 1958 1959 1960 1,270 1,270 — — — 75. 756 1,050 1,000 1,000 1,080 1,080 1,4 70 1,470 1,270 1,770 1,363 1,1 70 1,170 1,320 1.320 1,060 1,060 1,060 14,883 14.883 736 820 870 11,195 ,1C)5 1.4 74 1,474 1, IRO 1,180 7'15 725 680 840 820 840 10,936 19611 196 1962 1963 1964 1965 740 758 990 830 595 670 fi :~5 635 770 767 600 720 690 890 670 600 780 8815 15 835 615 6 15 620 1,160 1,160 90S 905 1,126 1.126 79 9979 1,260 1,260 1,300 1,1\)$ 1,195 880 626 1,630 780 1,565 980 860 J1,045 .045 6(i6 666 1,340 1,340 950 920 670 ;]5 535 675 850 860 660 707 1,095 885 920 645 740 915 9 15 680 670 640 715 990 795 735 660 9,513 9.5 13 I 1.578 11,578 10,631 10,63 1 Y.449 9,449 9.625 9,625 1966 1967 1968 1969 \ 970 1970 648 8816 16 540 553 806 560 714 506 501 501 273 6614 14 72 7211 9915 15 558 490 1,127 1, 127 1,338 1,338 1,375 1.375 1,3 16 1,316 823 1,458 1,533 1,533 1,487 1,487 1,426 1,420 1,234 1,479 1,479 1,428 1.333 1,333 1,6011 1,60 1,200 1,364 1.364 1,414 1,414 1,333 1,333 1.695 L695 1,255 1,255 1,2 10 1,210 1,324 1,324 1,288 1,692 1,123 1, 123 1,074 1,074 1,265 1,265 974 1,353 1,353 1,102 1,102 941 941 1,010 1,01 0 894 1,041 876 570 747 847 776 825 554 568 893 682 12,022 12.022 12,316 12.3 16 12,580 11 ,917 11,917 12,652 ~ ill I "'" T I g 1800~+I'--~+-~-+--~+-~-4--+-~-+--~+-~-4-r.r ~~-+'--~~!'--I-~-t-4r-t--r-t--I-~-t-4~t--r-1 +-1-- --f--!-+'1-I--I-.-+-+-+-+ ! "., f-++-+-I'--l--+--+-+'!--!--l-+,!-c,C+'-"+"nH,.I--I1-/ \+ '~-lt+lk \ r " ""'i~r:--l-+-1_1~Rf-~t,-tt~j~t, ""' 1-+-+--H-'+-++-*iI ' -11l-l---.\n+-l1+-fl+fH-,+ll+ JM+\I!IH~: ~~,lit+-+--+--HI-+-H-I--+--I++t-+I-it+lI'rh- 1:= d*J , , I ~\h-I'LllM+:t~f-~:-Hi11~+f-I-~~~-H 1'l-lII1\J1U"II--l--l--II-A- '=tlj,~t~;-J--!;-j--t~t--I-' -l-' ' \1 1r" I :: ~_f--I __f--I--+-+-+i-+--+---1-f--I---[--+1--+--+--\--I--1-t=t=t=t=t=~.=~~~=~~.~t~f--+--+-+--JH -!--+-+-+-++-+-l---I--1-4-+-+--I--1-4-+-+--l--1-+-+-+--l--1-t--r-+-+--1-t-+-+-+ M i I '<N~ 11146 1936*7937 1938 1939 1940 1941 "'iS4j~ri'i« 1942 1943 1944 "1945 1946 19011 1947 It)43 "l9481:1011! 1949I~ 195017,.1 19&11~~~ IS&21!)!Ol 1953I~l 10641e!.S 19551~:06 1956I%J 1857IOfill 1858IiXoO 19591000 1960,~, 19611110>1 1962llN13 1963l UI 19641_1965l VliI 1966l\lil 1967lliKd1 1968, 1_ 9C919JO 1970 19J11 1931 193c1 19)9 li40 1!1011 rlgure arge frum iod 1936-70, Figure lO. 10, Monthly Monthly dISch discharge from o/InUIlln artesian wells fOT for Ihe the per period 1936-70. •o 61 61 (1962, ( 1 9 6 2 , p. p . 23). 23). During D u r i n g 1970, 1 9 7 0 , the t h e total t o t a l discharge d i s c h a r g e from non-flowing n o n - f l o w i n g wells wells O g d e n Valley V a l l e y was w a s about a b o u t 100 1 0 0 acre-feet. acre-feet. in Ogden Evapotrans E v a p o t r a n s ppiration iration M e t h o d of of Study Study Method The T h e field f i e l d work work, was w a s done d o n e in i n July J u l y 1971. 1 9 7 1 . At the t h e beginning b e g i n n i n g of of the t h e field field work w o r k a rapid r a p i d reconnaissance r e c o n n a i s s a n c e was w a s made m a d e to t o identify i d e n t i f y the t h e principal p r i n c i p a l types t y p e s of of p l a n t s , their t h e i r characteristic c h a r a c t e r i s t i c as a s ssociations, o c i a t i o n s , and a n d their t h e i r location. location. plants, T h e n , areas areas Then, o c c u p i e d by b y each e a c h plant p l a n t type t y p e were w e r e mapped m a p p e d on o n aerial a e r i a l photographs, p h o t o g r a p h s , taken t a k e n in in occupied t h e fall f a l l of of 1965, 1 9 6 5 , on o n a scale s c a l e of of 1: 1 : 20,000. 20,000. the P l a t e 3 represents r e p r e s e n t s the t h e types t y p e s I, Plate a r e a l extent, e x t e n t , and a n d location l o c a t i o n of of different d i f f e r e n t plant p l a n t groups g r o u p s in i n Ogden O g d e n Valley. Valley. areal Each was E a c h parcel p a r c e l of of land land w a s iinspected n s p e c t e d to t o identify i d e n t i f y the t h e pplant l a n t types, types, a s s e m b l a g e s , and a n d their t h e i r relative r e l a t i v e ppercentages. e r c e n t a g e s . At tthe h e end e n d of of the t h e field f i e l d work work assemblages, tthe h e auth8r a u t h o r came c a m e up u p with w i t h a long l o n g list l i s t of of pplant l a n t species. species. S i n c e it it w a s not not Since was ppossible o s s i b l e tto o plot p l o t the t h e areal a r e a l extent e x t e n t of of each e a c h pplant l a n t species s p e c i e s on o n a map m a p ,I tthe h e author author a t t e m p t e d tto o group g r o u p tthe h e pplants l a n t s into i n t o nine n i n e categories c a t e g o r i e s (see ( s e e pplate l a t e 3). 3). attempted ccategory a t e g o r y rrepresents e p r e s e n t s pplants l a n t s of i m i l a r ggrowth r o w t h hhabits. abits. of ssimilar Each Each In e n e r a l , climate, climate, In ggeneral, ddepth e p t h tto o w a t e r , aand n d qquality u a l i t y of of gground round w a t e r aare r e tthe he m o s t iimportant m p o r t a n t factors factors water, water most w h i c h eexert x e r t a ccontrolling o n t r o l l i n g iinfluence n f l u e n c e oon n tthe h e ooccurrence c c u r r e n c e aand n d ggrowth r o w t h of plants. vvhich of plants. S i n c e tthere h e r e aare r e nno o ddrastic r a s t i c cchanges h a n g e s iin n tthe h e cclimate l i m a t e aand n d tthe h e qquality u a l i t y of ground Since of ground w a t e r iin n O gden V a l l e y ,I tthe h e ddepth e p t h tto o w a t e r iis s pprobably r o b a b l y tthe he m o s t important important water Ogden Valley water most ffactor actor w h i c h ddetermines e t e r m i n e s tthe h e ttypical y p i c a l pplant l a n t aassociations. ssociations. which T h e r e f o r e ,I the the Therefore ggrouping r o u p i n g of i f f e r e n t pplant l a n t sspecies pecies w a s bbased a s e d oon n tthe h e aavailability v a i l a b i l i t y aand n d the the of ddifferent was rrelati e l a t i vve e pposition o s i t i o n of h e gground r o u n d water. water. of tthe 62 52 The of ggrowth Mower Nace T h e aarea r e a ll dde e nnsity s i t y of r o w t h iis s ddefined e f i n e d bby y M o w e r aand nd N a c e (1957 (1957, pp . 6) auS s tthe h e rratio a t i o of h e aarea r e a ooccupied c c u p i e d bby y pplants l a n t s tto o tthe h e ttota o t a ll aa rrea e a i1n n a of tthe ggiven i v e n pparcel a r c e l of a n d .. of lland An r e a l ddens e n s iity t y of 0 0 ppercent e r c e n t iis s aa sspacing p a c i n g of of An aareal of 1100 pplants l a n t s sso o cc llosely o s e l y tthat h a t tthe h e aaddition d d i t i o n of n e nnew e w pplant l a n t ttheoretically h e o r e t i c a l l y woul w o u l dd of oone crowd u t aan n oold l d pplant l a n t of h e ssame a m e ssize i z e .. crowd oQut of tthe FField i e l d oobservations b s e r v a t i o n s indicat i n d i c a te tthat h a t 100 100 ppercent e r c e n t ddensity e n s i t y hhas a s nnowhere o w h e r e bbeen e e n aachieved c h i e v e d .. T h e aarea r e a ll dens d e n s ity ity The of ggrowth 75 percent. of r o w t h ,, oon n tthe h e aaverage v e r a g e ,I iis s aabout b o u t 75 percent. In oorder of vvegetation In r d e r tto o ccompa o m p a rre e tthe h e aamount m o u n t of e g e t a t i o n iin n different d i f f e r e n t pparcels a r c e l s of of land of w water l a n d , tthe h e nnet e t area a r e a ooccupied c c u p i e d bby y ppll ants a n t s ,, and a n d tthe h e amount a m o u n t of a t e r cons c o n s umed umed I e a c h pparcel, a r c e l , it i t is i s uuseful s e f u l tto o aadjus d j u s tt t hhe e ddensity e n s i t y tto o 100 1 0 0 ppercent. e r c e n t . This This in each m e t h o d ,, w hich w a s developed d e v e l o p e d bby y Gatewood G a t e w o o d and a n d oothers t h e r s (195 2 ) ,, m i g h t lead lead method which was (1952) might to c o n s i s t e n c y iin n tthe h e rresults e s u l t s of of consumptive c o n s u m p t i v e - uuse s e sstudies. tudies „ to more more consistency T a b l e 10 10 llists i s t s the t h e most m o s t ccommon o m m o n vveget e g e t aations t i o n s iin n Ogden Ogden V l l e y wit w i th Table Vaa lley common and a n d SCientific s c i e n t i f i c names n a m e s. Speciflt: S p e c i f i c Char C h a r act a c t e rriSticS i s t i c s and a n d Associat A s s o c i a tions ions T h e r e are a r e many m a n y vvarieties a r i e t i e s of of wa w a tter-loving e r - l o v i n g pl p l ant a n t ss in i n Ogden O g d e n Va V alley l l e y. There The growth g r o w t h hhabit a b i t ss for f o r some s o m e of of tthe h e most m o s t common c o m m o n plants p l a n t s with w i t h ppll aant n t assoc a s s o cia i a-­ tions which t i o n s ,. usefulness u s e f u l n e s s of of t ypes y p e s ,. and a n d th t h ee dept d e p t hh t o w h i c h each e a c h sends s e n d s root r o o t ss to to obtain w a t e r are a r e described d e s c r i b e d below b e l o w .. More M o r e complet c o m p l e t ee descriptions d e s c r i p t i o n s may m a y be be obtain water obtained o b t a i n e d from Robinson R o b i n s o n (1958) ( 1 9 5 8 ) , Meinzer M e i n z e r (1923), ( 1 9 2 3 ) , and a n d Hitchcock H i t c h c o c k (1950) ( 1 9 5 0 ). Alfalfa;: is i s one o n e of of the t h e most m o s t important i m p o r t a n t hay h a y and a n d forage f o r a g e crops c r o p s in i n Ogden O g d e n Va V alley l l e y ,. Alfalfa Alfalfa grows g r o w s best b e s t on o n deep d e e p loams l o a m s and a n d it i t has h a s a wide w i d e r ange a n g e of of clima c l i m atic tic Alfalfa 63 63 T a b l e 10 1 0 .. Common C o m m o n type t y p e s of of vegetation v e g e t a t i o n in i n Ogden O g d e n Va V alley l l e y.. Table m m o n or o r local l o c a l name name gr nemmon Scientific S c i e n t i f i c name name Alfalfa Alfalfa Medicago M e d i c a q o sativa s a l i v a Linnaeus Linnaeus Glyceria G l y c e r i a gr g r a ndis n d i s S .. ~vVats W a t s .. Artemisia tridentata Nutt A r t e m i s i a t r i d e n t a t a N u t t .. ssp s s p .. Acer A c e r grandidentatum g r a n d i d e n t a t u m Nutt N u t t. Brassica B r a s s i c a nigra n i g r a (t ( L . )) Koch Koch Elymus E l y m u s glaucus g l a u c u s Buckl B u c k l .. var. var. m a n n o- -grass grass American manno Big s a g e b r u s h Big sagebrush Bigtooth maple maple Bigtooth Black m u stard Black mustard wildrye Blue wildrye Boxelder Boxelder Cattail Cattail Cattail Cattail Common dandelion dandelion Cottonwood Cottonwood C r e s t e d wheatgrass wheatgrass Crested dock Curly dock Elk thistle thistle s c r u b oak oak Gambel scrub Giant w i l d r y e Giant wild rye Hairy chess c h e s s (Brame (Brome)) Hairy H o u n d ' s t o n g ue Hound' 5 tongue IIntermediate n t e r m e d i a t e wheatgrass wheatgrass Kentucky bluegrass bluegrass Kentucky Mule ears Mule ears M ustard Mustard O a Oatt ss Orchard grass Orchard grass Q u a k i n g aspen Quaking aspen Redtop bentgrass Redtop bentgrass Rye Rye SSlender l e n d e r wheatgrass wheatgrass Smooth brome Smooth brome Timothy Timothy W illow Willow W iregrass Wiregrass Yarrow Yarrow Yellow w e e t clover clover Yellow sSweet Acer A c e r negunda n e g u n d a L . var v a r. Typha T y p h a dorningensis d o m i n g e n s i s Pers P e r s. Tvpha T y p h a llatifolia a t i f o l i a L. L. Taraxacum T a r a x a c u m officinale o f f i c i n a l e Weber Weber P o p u l u s LL. Populus Agropyron . ) Goertn A g r o p y r o n cristatum c r i s t a t u m (L (L.) Goertn. R u m e x crispus crispus L. Rumex Cirsium C i r s i u m c ..f L . uundulatum n d u l a t u m ((Nutt.) N u t t . ) Spreng Spreng. Quercus Q u e r c u s ggambelii a m b e l i i Nutt. Nutt. Ell yvm E m uus s ccondensatus o n d e n s a t u s PPres r e s l!.. var. var. Bromus Schrod. B r o m u s ccommutatus ommutatus S c h r o d . va v a r. r. C n o q l o s s u m oofficinale f f i c i n a l e L. L. C yynoglossum Agropyron Beauv. A g r o p y r o n cc.L . f . iintermedium n t e r m e d i u m ((Host) Host) B eau v. Poa Dratensis L . Poa p r a t e n s i s Wyethia W y e t h i a aamplexica m p l e x i c a lluus s ((Nutt N u t t ..)) Nutt. Nutt. B r a s s i c a L. L. Brassica A v e n a ssativa a t i v a L. L. Avena D a c t y l i s gglome l o m e rrata a t a L .. Dactylts PPopulus o p u l u s ttrernuloides remuloides L. A g r o s t i s aalba lba L Agrostis L .~ SSecala e c a l a ccereale e r e a l e L. L. Agropyron (1.) Beauv A g r o p y r o n ccaninum a n i n u m (L.) B e a u v .. B r o m u s iinermis n e r m i s Leyss L e y s s .. Bromus PPhleum h l e u m ppratense ratense L. SSalix alix L L.. JJuncus u n c u s bba a llticus ticus L 1.. Achillea millefoliurn A chillea m i l l e f o l i u m LL.. ssp s s p .. M e l i llotus o t u s oofficinalis f f i c i n a l i s ((L L ..) ) Lam L a m .. Meli 664 4 ttolerance o l e r a n c e .. As u l e iit t ddoes o e s nnot o t tthrive h r i v e iin n aacid c i d ssoils o i l s ((McKee M c K e e ,, 1948 1948, As aa rrule Alfalfa will p. 7715 1 5 )) .. A l f a l f a iis s aa ddeep-rooted e e p - r o o t e d pplant l a n t aand nd w i l l ssend e n d iits t s rroot o o t ss tto o great great of gground water. ddepths e p t h s iin n ssearch e a r c h of round w ater. Meinzer 54) ccites M e i n z e r ((1927 1 9 2 7 ,I pp .. 54) i t e s t hree hree of tthe of o llder of 6655 ,, 66 rreports e p o r t s of h e rroots o o t s of d e r pplants l a n t s bbeing e i n g ttrr aaced c e d aat t ddepths e p t h s of 66, and and 129 129 feet. feet. In O Ogden Valley of aalfalfa In gden V a l l e y aa vvery e r y ccharact h a r a c t eeristic r i s t i c aassociation s s o c i a t i o n of l f a l f a is is yyellow e l l o w ssweet w e e t clover c l o v e r .. B l u e g r a s s e s :: T h e bbluegrasses l u e g r a s s e s aare r e of r e a t iimportance m p o r t a n c e bbecause e c a u s e of their Bluegrasses The of ggreat of their forage u e .. forage vvaa llue T he m o s t iimport m p o r t aant n t sspecies p e c i e s iis s PPoa o a poratensis, r a t e n s i s , commonly commonly The JT!ost known s K e n t u c k y blueg b l u e grrass. ass. known aas Kentucky With W i t h vvery e r y ffew e w exceptions e x c e p t i o n s tthe h e bbluegrasses l u e g r a s s e s aare r e ppalatable a l a t a b l e aand n d nutrinutri­ tlious i o u s and a n d aare r e tthe h e ssecond econd m o s t iimportant m p o r t a n t ffor o r aage g e grasses g r a s s e s iin n Ogden O g d e n Va V alley lley. most Their of alfalfa Their ggrowth r o w t h hhabits a b i t s aare r e vvery e r y ssimilar i m i l a r tto o tthose h o s e of alfalfa. In O gden V a l l e y tthe h e bbluegrasses l u e g r a s s e s aare r e commonly c o m m o n l y associat a s s o c i a t eed d wit w i th Ogden Valley orchard wheat orchard grass, g r a s s , ttimot i m o t hhy y ,, ccrest r e s t eed d w h e a t gmss g r a s s ,, aand n d ssmooth m o o t h bbrome r o m e .. Slender Slender w h e a t g r a s s aand n d redtop r e d t o p bbentgrass e n t g r a s s are a r e also a l s o associated associated w i t h bluegrasses b l u e g r a s s e s. wheatgrass with O a ts: t s : The The m o s t iimportant m p o r t a n t species s p e c i e s of of tthe h e genus g e n u s is i s Avera A v e r a sativa, s a t i v a , the the Oa most ffamiliar a m i l i a r cultivated c u l t i v a t e d oat o a t .. I n Ogden O g d e n Valley, V a l l e y , oat o a t iis s uutilized t i l i z e d for h a y . It It is i s the the In for hay. l e a s t abundant a b u n d a n t cultivated c u l t i v a t e d pplant l a n t and a n d is i s ppresent r e s e n t in i n about a b o u t 11 acres. acres. least grows It grows m o s t l y around a r o u n d Eden E d e n and a n d Hunt H u n tsville s v i l l e .. mostly Pasture P a s t u r e grasses: g r a s s e s : The T h e most m o s t common c o m m o n gr g r asses a s s e s used u s e d for f o r ppermanent e r m a n e n t pasture pasture are-:- K Kentucky e n t u c k y bl b l uegrass u e g r a s s ,, redtop r e d t o p be b e nntgrass t g r a s s ,, orchard o r c h a r d grass g r a s s ,, smooth s m o o t h brome b r o m e ,. a r e 65 clovers, wildrye, c l o v e r s , elk e l k thistle, t h i s t l e , meadow m e a d o w foxtail, f o x t a i l , wiregrass, w i r e g r a s s , giant giant w i l d r y e , and and shepherds s h e p h e r d s 'I purse. purse. Pasture P a s t u r e grasses g r a s s e s occupy o c c u p y an a n area a r e a of of approximately a p p r o x i m a t e l y 22,200 , 2 0 0 aacres c r e s in in Ogden O g d e n Valley. Valley. They T h e y grow g r o w in i n areas a r e a s of of high h i g h water w a t e r table t a b l e and a n d aalong l o n g tthe h e flood flood plains p l a i n s of of surface s u r f a c e streams s t r e a m s and a n d Pineview P i n e v i e w Reservoir. Reservoir. Dry-land D r y - l a n d crops, c r o p s , grasses, g r a s s e s , and a n d shrubs: shrubs: Dry-land D r y - l a n d crops, c r o p s , ggrasses, r a s s e s , and and shrubs s h r u b s depend d e p e n d on o n precipitation p r e c i p i t a t i o n for f o r growth g r o w t h and a n d they t h e y probably p r o b a b l y uuse s e practically practically all Although a l l the t h e pprecipitation r e c i p i t a t i o n that t h a t falls f a l l s on o n areas a r e a s in i n which w h i c h they t h e y grow. grow. A l t h o u g h the the soil moisture s o i l at a t most m o s t ttimes i m e s absorbs a b s o r b s all all m o i s t u r e as a s it i t falls, f a l l s , some s o m e pprecipitation r e c i p i t a t i o n may may bbe e lost l o s t bby y surface s u r f a c e runoff. runoff. This T h i s possible p o s s i b l e loss l o s s by b y surface s u r f a c e rrunoff u n o f f iis s probably probably balanced b a l a n c e d by b y the t h e use u s e of of a small s m a l l amount a m o u n t of of ground g r o u n d water w a t e r bby y tthe h e vegetation. vegetation. Typical mule T y p i c a l pplants l a n t s of of this t h i s category c a t e g o r y iinclude n c l u d e big b i g sagebrush, sagebrush, m u l e ears, ears, curly c u r l y dock, d o c k , common c o m m o n dandelion, d a n d e l i o n , mustards, m u s t a r d s , shepherds s h e p h e r d s ' ppurse, u r s e , slender slender I wheatgrass, w h e a t g r a s s , yellow y e l l o w sweet s w e e t clover, c l o v e r , bblack l a c k mustard, m u s t a r d , and a n d ggamble a m b l e sscrub c r u b oak. oak. Along A l o n g the t h e western w e s t e r n boundary b o u n d a r y of of tthe h e valley, v a l l e y , gambel g a m b e l scrub s c r u b oak o a k iis s more more abundant a b u n d a n t whereas w h e r e a s the t h e eastern e a s t e r n boundary b o u n d a r y of of the t h e vvalley a l l e y iis s rrather a t h e r barren. barren. Trees: most willow T r e e s : The The m o s t common c o m m o n trees, t r e e s , in i n Ogden O g d e n Valley, V a l l e y , include include w i l l o w aand n d cottoncottonwood. wood. Willow W i l l o w is i s generally g e n e r a l l y found f o u n d along a l o n g the t h e streambanks s t r e a m b a n k s aand n d are a r e commonly commonly a s s o c i a t e d with w i t h cottonwood, c o t t o n w o o d , cattails, c a t t a i l s , bbluegrasses, l u e g r a s s e s , aand n d wheatgrasses. wheatgrasses. associated The w i l l o w growth g r o w t h on o n the t h e fflood l o o d plains p l a i n s of of the t h e three t h r e e forks f o r k s of of Ogden O g d e n River River The willow i s particularly p a r t i c u l a r l y outstanding. outstanding. is B e c a u s e of of the t h e many m a n y species s p e c i e s of of Salix S a l i x and a n d the the Because d i f f i c u l t y of of distinguishing d i s t i n g u i s h i n g among a m o n g them, t h e m , generic g e n e r i c reference reference w i l l bbe e m a d e here. here. difficulty will made 66 66 M o s tt sspecies p e c i e s of i l l oow w aare r e bbelieved e l i e v e d tto o bbe e pphreatophytes h r e a t o p h y t e s , , for they Mos of w will for they are nnearly e a r l y aalways l w a y s aassociated ssociated w ith m o i s t ssituations. ituations. with moist A c c o r d i n g tto o Robinson Robinson According ( 1 9 5 8 , pp .. 64) o s t of he w i l l o w ggrowth r o w t h ooccurs ccurs w h e r e tthe h e ddepth e p t h tto o water water (1958, 64) m most of tthe willow where uble t a b l e iIs s lless e s s tthan h a n 15 15 ffeet. eet. M Most ost w willows i l l o w s pprefer refer w water a t e r of of ggood o o d qquali u a l i tty y and and deep They d e e p ffertile e r t i l e ssoil o i l s .. T h e y hhave a v e a llow o w ttol o l eerance r a n c e ffor o r aalkaline l k a l i n e oorr saline saline conditions. conditions. Willows W i l l o w s are a r e iimportant m p o r t a n t iin n erosion e r o s i o n ccontrol o n t r o l ,, tthrough h r o u g h s tt aabilizing b i l i z i n g the the I01l on tthe of sstreams They form aan s o i l on h e bbanks a n k s of t r e a m s aand n d ggullies u l l i e s .. T h e y aa ll sso o form n important important !>rowS. b r o w s e plant. plant. The ggenus e n u s PPopulus o p u l u s iincludes n c l u d e s aspens a s p e n s ,, ppoplars, o p l a r s , aand n d ccottonwoods o t t o n w o o d s .. In In Ogden Valley, most Ogden V a l l e y , cottonwood c o t t o n w o o d iis s bby y fa f a rr tthe he m o s t aabundant. bundant. They T h e y aare r e commonly commonly found along a l o n g tthe h e streambanks s t r e a m b a n k s iin n association association w ith w i l l o w aand n d cattails. cattails. found with willow They als a l s oo grow g r o w aatt pplaces laces w h e r ee tthe h e gground round w a t e r iis s ggene e n e rra a llll yy aatt shallow shallow they wher water depth and a n d rreadily e a d i l y available a v a i l a b l e. depth C o t t o n w o o d s are a r e considered c o n s i d e r e d as a s pphreatophytes. hreatophytes. Cottonwoods IInformation n f o r m a t i o n as a s tto o the the d e p t h that t h a t cottonwood c o t t o n w o o d will w i l l send s e n d its i t s rroots o o t s t oo tthe he w a t e r ttable a b l e iis s scant s c a n tyy . depth water ".tnzer where M e i n z e r (19 ( 1 9 27 2 7 ,, p . 58) quotes q u o t e s reports r e p o r t s of' of cottonwoods c o t t o n w o o d s growing growing w h e r e tthe he depth d e p t h to t o water w a t e r t able a b l e was w a s 20 feet. feet. CottonwoOds C o t t o n w o o d s prefer p r e f e r a water w a t e r of of good g o o d quality, q u a l i t y , although a l t h o u g h they t h e y tolerate tolerate a Water w a t e r of of moderat m o d e r a t e salinity s a l i n i t y .. T h e y fur f u r nish n i s h browse b r o w s e for f o r livestock l i v e s t o c k when w h e n the the They l e a v e s are a r e within w i t h i n reach r e a c h .. leaves W a t e r - l o v i n g Plants P l a n t s in i n Re R e l ation a t i o n to t o Water W a t e r Supply Supply O g d e n Valley V a l l e y ,, large l a r g e tracts t r a c t s of of land l a n d are a r e occ o c c uuppied i e d by b y certain c e r t a i n distinc d i s t i n c-In Ogden 67 67 of pplants which whe water ttive i v e ggroups r o u p s of lants w h i c h ggrow r o w oonly nly w h e rre e gground round w a t e r oocc c c uur r ss at at ssha h a lll l oow w ddepth e p t h .. 19 2 3 ,, pp.. 555). 5). 1923 These we T h e s e pplant l a n t ss w e rre e nnamed a m e d ""phreatophytes" p h r e a t o p h y t e s " (Meinzer. (Meinzer, PPhreatophytes h r e a t o p h y t e s eextend x t e n d ttheir h e i r rroots o o t s tto o tthe he w a t eerr ttable a b l e ,, oor r to to wat tt hhe e ccapill a p i l l aary r y ffringe r i n g e aabove b o v e iit. t. O t h e r ttypes y p e s of a t e r - l o v i n g ppll aant n t ss grow grow Other of w water-loving w h e r e tthe he w a tter e r tt aable b l e iis s vvery e r y cc llose o s e tto o tthe h e l aand n d ssurface u r f a c e , . oor r w here w a t e r is is where wa where water pponded o n d e d tto o sshall h a l l oow w ddepth. epth. T h e s e pplants, lants, w h i c h ggrow r o w uunder nder w a t e r oor r have have These which water tthe h e iir r rroot o o t ss uunder n d e r wwater a t e r , , aare r e ccalled a l l e d ""hydrophytes" h y d r o p h y t e s " .. PPhrea h r e a tt ooph p h yytes t e s and and hhyd y d rrophytes ophytes m a y bbe e rreferred e f e r r e d tt oo ccollec o l l e c ttive i v e llyy aas s hhydrophilic y d r o p h i l i c (water-loving) (water-loving) may pplants. lants. D u r i nng g tt hhe e iirrig r r i g aation t i o n sseason e a s o n aa llm m oos s tt aa llll of h e iirrigation rrigation w a t e r is is Duri of tthe water from surface ddiverted i v e r t e d from s u r f a c e sstreams t r e a m s bby y ccanals a n a l s aand n d ditches d i t c h e s .. Although A l t h o u g h sprinkl s p r i n k le iirrigation r r i g a t i o n ssystem y s t e m iis s aapplied p p l i e d a tt some s o m e pplaces l a c e s ,, m o s tt of h e aarea r e a iis s still still mos of tthe iirrigated r r i g a t e d bby y fflooding l o o d i n g of r g e ttra r a ccts t s of a n d .. of l aarge of lland O v e r i r r i g a t i o n i ss a common common Overirrigation Vaa ll of tthe ppractice r a c t i c e iin n Ogden Ogden V l l ey e y ,, especially e s p e c i a l l y during d u r i n g tthe h e eea a rrll yy ppart a r t ss of h e irrigation irrigation sseason e a s o n .. where As a rresult, e s u l t , l aarge r g e areas a r e a s are a r e oove v e rrs s aaturat t u r a t eed d aand nd w h e r e ssuch u c h areas areas aarr ee uunde n d e rrll aaii nn bby y iimpermeable m p e r m e a b l e soils s o i l s oorr ssoils o i l s of of llow o w permeability p e r m e a b i l i t y ,, natural natural d r a iin n aage g e will w i l l bbe e vvery e r y sslow l o w and a n d tthe h e pponds onds w i l l fform o r m .. B e c a u s e of of ooververdr will Because i r r i g a t i o n a nnd d tthe h e nnature a t u r e of of soils s o i l s ssome o m e good g o o d lland a n d i ss w a t e r l o g g e d ,, uusable sable irrigation waterlogged only o n l y for f o r pas p a s ture t u r e. Consumptive U s e of of Wat W a t eerr bby y Crops C r o p s in i n Ogden O g d e n Valley Valley Consumptive Use D u r i n g tthis h i s investigation i n v e s t i g a t i o n no n o direct d i r e c t meas m e a s uurements r e m e n t s have h a v e bbeen een m a d e of of During made t h e amount a m o u n t of of wa w a tte e rr consumed c o n s u m e d by b y crops c r o p s in i n Ogden O g d e n Va V alley l l e y .. However, H o w e v e r , some some the 668 8 ddata ata w e r e oobt b t aained i n e d from e p a r t m e n t of g r i c u l t uure r e SSoil o i l Conser C o n s e r va v a ttion ion were from U U.. SS.. D Department of A Agricult aarvt Ogden The of tthheir S e r v i cce e inn O g d e n .. T h e rres e s uults l t s of e i r iinves n v e s ttigations i g a t i o n s aarre e sshown h o w n iin n ttabl a b l ee 11. 11 T n n u a l cconsumptive o n s u m p t i v e uuse s e of a t e r bby y vvarious a r i o u s cc rops rops Taa bbll ee 1111 . A Annual of w water Ogden iin n O g d e n Va V alley lley. ((Source S o u r c e :: U e p a r t m e n t of g r i c u l t uure re S oil C o n s e rrvation v a t i o n Se S e rvice) rvice) U .. SS.. D Department of A Agricult Soil Conse PPeak eak U se Use M o n t hh U se Mont Use ((inches) inches) Clop Crop Alfalfa Alfalfa Sprtnq Spring gra g r a in in a s tture ure ,P•• Corn Corn (sil ( s i lage) age) Jjul u l yy JJune une jJ ul u l yy Jjul u l yy 77..00 55..99 55.8 .8 66..11 S Stt aarrtt 55/1 /1 44/12 /12 44/12 /12 55/27 /27 Growing G r o w i n g Sea S e a so son End LLengt e n g t hh T o t aall use use End Tot ((days) days) ((inches) inches) 99/30 /30 88/20 /20 1 0 /21 10/21 88/30 /30 1152 52 1130 30 1192 92 95 95 2277 .. 88 118. 8 . 55 2244 ..11 117 7 ..55 R tes o off eevapotranspiration v a p o t r a n s p i r a t i o n ffor o r aareas r e a s ooccupied c c u p i e d bby y ppll aants n t s tt hhat a t aa rre e not not Raa tes l i s t e d i1n n tthe h e t aable b l e aare r e oobtained b t a i n e d from v a i l a b l e iinfor nform a t i o n oon n specific specific lilted from aavailable mation plant types t y p e s .. F e t h and a n d oothers t h e r s (1966 ( 1 9 6 6 ,, pp .. 69) n c l u d e d tthe he w i l l o w aand n d cotton c o t t o n -­ plant Feth 69) iincluded willow wood ttrees r e e s i nn t hhe e ssame a m e group group w i t h cca a tttails t a i l s since s i n c e tt hhey e y hhave ave wood with t r a n s p i r a t i o n rraa t es. es. transpiration s i m i l a r eva e v a popo­ similar C a t t a i l s select s e l e c t eed d ffor o r tthe h e tt aank n k experiment e x p e r i m e n t ss indica i n d i c a tt ee Cattails t h a t tthe h e e vvapotra a p o t r a nn sspiration p i r a t i o n rra a t ee of of t hhe e catt c a t t aa iill ss is i s nnearly e a r l y tthe h e aaverage v e r a g e for for that t h i s vegetation v e g e t a t i o n group g r o u p .. The T h e rresu e s u lltt ss of of e vvapotranspir a p o t r a n s p i r aation t i o n sstudies t u d i e s a tt Ogden Ogden tb1s f u g e ffor o r t hhe e 1955 1 9 5 5 ggrowi r o w i nng g sseason e a s o n show s h o w t hhat a t catt c a t t aail i l ss ggrowi r o w i nng g in in Bay Bird RRee fuge w a t e r 2 i nches n c h e s above a b o v e t hhe e surface s u r f a c e of of t hhe e ground g r o u n d hhad a d an a n evapotranspira e v a p o t r a n s p i r a ti t i on on ,...ter r a t e of of 60 6 0 . 442 2 i nches n c h e s .. Ther T h e r efore e f o r e ,, Fe F e t hh and a n d other o t h e r ss ((1966 1 9 6 6 ,, pp .. 69) es e s ti t i mat m a t ed ed rate t h a t the t h e ca c a ttails t t a i l s grown g r o w n under u n d e r na n a tt uura r a ll conditio c o n d i t i o nnss would w o u l d hhave a v e an a n evapotrans e v a p o t r a n s-­ that p i r a t i o n rate r a t e of of 61 6 1 .. 55 iinches n c h e s (5 ( 5 .. 1125 2 5 fee f e e tt)) for for tt hhe e entire e n t i r e year y e a r .. PAretion g r o w t h habits h a b i t s of of pas p a s ttuurr ee grasses g r a s s e s a nnd d bbll uegr u e g r asses a s s e s a rre e ra r athe t h er The growth s i m i l a r . The T h e ma m a jjority o r i t y of of t hhe e pl p l ant a n t species s p e c i e s associated a s s o c i a t e d in i n each e a c h grou g r o u pp are are ~ .iIII11ar. 69 69 ccoommon m m o n .. T h e ssee ggroups roups m u s t hhave a v e ssim i m iilar l a r eevapotranspirat v a p o t r a n s p i r a t iion o n rr a tes. tes. The must It is, is, tthus h u s ,, aassumed s s u m e d tth h aatt aan n aannua n n u a ll eevapotranspiration v a p o t r a n s p i r a t i o n rra a tt ee ffor o r ppasture a s t u r e grasses grasses, 2244 ..11 iinches n c h e s ,, m a y aall sso o aappl p p l yy ttoo bluegrass b l u e g r a s ses es. may The ggross of eeach of pplant meas The r o s s aareas r e a s of a c h ttype y p e of l a n t ggroup r o u p vwere /ere m e a s uured r e d bby y pl p lani a n i -m e t e r from h ee aae e rrii aal l pphotog h o t o g raphs r a p h s .. meter from tth T h e nne e tt area a r e a ooccupied c c u p i e d bby y eeach a c h pl p laa nt nt The group s aadj d j uusstteed d tto o 1IOO 0 0 - ppercent e r c e n t ddensity e n s i t y ((ta t a b lle e 11 2) 2). grou p iis Table Areas Ogden T a b l e 112. 2. A r e a s oocc c c uupied p i e d bby y pplants l a n t s iin n O g d e n Va V alll ley ey. Plant ttype Plant ype Alfalfa Alfalfa Bluegra B l u e g r asses sses Spring Spring ggrains rains (wheat aand (wheat n d barley) barley) Oats O ats Corn ((silage) Corn silage) Pasture P asture Trees Trees Gross G r o s s aarr eea a ((acr a c r ees) s) N e t aarea r e a adjusted a d j u s t e d tto o 11aD 0 0-- percent percent Net ddensity e n s i t y (ac ( a c res r e s ,, round r o u n d ed) ed) 44,,6608 08 22,25 , 2 5 33 11 ,,2 2 000 0 33 ,5 , 5 00 00 1 , 7 00 00 1,7 900 900 1111 ..55 1120 20 22,,24 2 4 00 20 1 ,, 4420 9 90 90 1 ,700 1,700 7 10 71 K n o w i n g tthe h e nne e tt a rrea e a adjusted a d j u s t e d tto o I1 DO 0 0 - ppe e rrcent c e n t dens d e n s iitt yy and a n d tthe h e evapo e v a p o -­ Knowing ttranspi r a n s p i rraa ttion i o n rrat a t ee of of e aach c h pplant l a n t oorr group group o off pplants l a n t s ,I th t h ee ttota o t a ll co c onsumptive nsumptive uuse se m a y bbe e ccalcul a l c u l a t eed d .. may T a b l e 13 shows s h o w s the t h e estima e s t i m a tteed d cons c o n s uumpti m p t i oon n of of Table w a t e r bby y pplant l a n t ss in i n Ogden O g d e n Va V alley. lley. water 70 70 Table Estima of w water T a b l e 113. 3. E s t i m a tted e d cconsumpti o n s u m p t i oon n of a t e r bby y ppla l a nntt ss iin n Ogden Ogden Vaa ll V l l ey e y .. Rate of eeva R a t e of v a ppoott rranspira a n s p i r a ttion ion ((feet/year) feet/year) Plant Plant Alfalfa Alfa lfa B luegrasses BluegrasseS Spring ins Spring ggrr aains (wheat aand (wheat n d barley) barley) O a t s Oats Corn ((sil Corn s i l aage) ge) P asture Pasture T rees Trees Tota T o t a ll (rounded) (rounded) Net N e t aarr eea a aad d jj uust s t eed d t oo 1100 0 0 - ppercent ercent ddensit e n s i t yy ((acres) acres) T Total o t a l conconssumptive u m p t i v e use use. ( a c r e--feet/yea f e e t / y e a rr)) (acre 22 ..332 2 22.008 .008 1. 1 . 554 4 33,,5500 00 11,7 , 7 000 0 9900 00 88 , 1100 00 33,, 4400 00 11 ,, 400 400 1. 1 . 554 4 1. 1 . 446 6 22.. 0008 08 55 . 1125 25 99 990 0 1,7 1 , 7 000 0 7710 10 13 13 130 130 4 0 00 33 ,, 40 33 ,, 600 600 20 2 0 , 000 000 Spr S p r ings ings Discharge D i s c h a r g e bby y springs s p r i n g s consti c o n s t i tt uutes t e s a vvery e r y ssmall m a l l ppart a r t of of t hhe e ttota o t a ll dis d i s-­ a r g e of of ground ground w a t eerr iin n O gden V l l ey e y .. c hharge wat Ogden Vaa ll S e v e r a ll small s m a l l springs s p r i n g s were w e r e llocated ocated Severa aalong l o n g t hhe e edge e d g e of of tt hhe e va v a llll eey y ffii llll bbut u t because b e c a u s e of of ttheir h e i r ssma m a llll yyie i e llds d s t hhey e y aare re not sig s i gnificant n i f i c a n t. Three major Vaa lley Three m a j o r springs s p r i n g s discha d i s c h a rrge g e ground g r o u n d wa w a tt eerr in i n Ogden Ogden V l l e y .. The The ma ttotal o t a l discharge d i s c h a r g e from from t hese h e s e springs s p r i n g s i nn 197 1 9 7 00 was w a s es e s ttii m a tted e d t o be b e about a b o u t 1, 1 , 300 300 a c r e - fee f e e tt.. The T h e la l a rges r g e s tt discharge d i s c h a r g e comes c o m e s from e n n e t t spring s p r i n g ,, w hhii c hh ii ss acre from B Bennett loca l o c a tted e d in i n (A ( A--66 - 22)) 26 ccc. ccc It s uupplies p p l i e s wa w a t eer r bot b o t hh to t o tthe h e town t o w n of of Hunt H u n tsvill s v i l lee and tto o the the M o n a s t e r y .. The T h e discha d i s c h a rrge g e from f r o m t he h e spring s p r i n g is i s extremely e x t r e m e l y va v ari r iable a b l e .. and Monastery These T h e s e variations v a r i a t i o n s are a r e mostl m o s t l yy seasonal s e a s o n a l .. The T h e maximum m a x i m u m discha d i s c h a rrge g e obser o b s e r ved ved during s p r iing n g freshe f r e s h e tt was w a s about a b o u t 4 s econd e c o n d -- ffeet e e t (Barnett, ( B a r n e t t , Ogden O g d e n River River dU ring t hhee spr Commissioner, o m m i s s i o n e r , o rral a l comm c o m m un u n . ,, 1970) 1970). However H o w e v e r ,, during d u r i n g most m o s t of of the t h e ssumme u m m er, r, the discha d i s c h a rrge g e is i s gener g e n e r a llll yy l ess e s s than t h a n 1 se s e ccond o n d - ffoo o o tt.. t n e When W h e n the t h e discha d i s c h a rge rge 71 71 ddrops r o p s down d o w n tto o 1 second-foot s e c o n d - f o o t or o r less, l e s s , 0.4 0 . 4 second-foot s e c o n d - f o o t goes g o e s tto o tthe h e ttown o w n of H u n t s v i l l e aand n d tthe h e rest r e s t to t o the t h e Monastery. Monastery. Huntsville The water T h e Bennett B e n n e t t spring s p r i n g discharges discharges a w a t e r of of good g o o d quality q u a l i t y from from the t h e Knight Knight F ormation. Formation. T h e annual a n n u a l discharge d i s c h a r g e from t h i s spring s p r i n g is i s estimated e s t i m a t e d to t o be b e about about The from this 8 6 0 acre-feet. acre-feet. 860 Patio P a t i o springs, s p r i n g s , (.1\-7-1) ( A - 7 - 1 ) 22 caa, c a a , discharges d i s c h a r g e s about a b o u t 220 2 2 0 acre-feet a c r e - f e e t of water w a t e r pper e r year. year. Some of tthe water S o m e of he w a t e r iis s uused s e d for f o r tthe h e swimming s w i m m i n g pool p o o l in i n the the Patio P a t i o Springs S p r i n g s lodge l o d g e and a n d tthe h e rrest e s t iis s diverted d i v e r t e d for f o r irrigation. irrigation. The T h e springs s p r i n g s emerge e m e r g e from from tthe h e uunconsolidated n c o n s o l i d a t e d sediments s e d i m e n t s of of the t h e valley valley fill. fill. The water The w a t e r samples s a m p l e s oobtained b t a i n e d from from the t h e Patio P a t i o springs s p r i n g s were w e r e analyzed a n a l y z e d by by U .. SS.. Geological U G e o l o g i c a l Survey S u r v e y in i n September S e p t e m b e r 16, 1 6 , 1952. 1952. The T h e analyses a n a l y s e s indicate indicate tthat h a t tthe h e water w a t e r is i s of of good g o o d quality. quality. Burnett B u r n e t t springs, s p r i n g s , (A-7-1) ( A - 7 - 1 ) 22 acb, a c b , also a l s o discharge d i s c h a r g e about a b o u t 220 2 2 0 acre-feet acre-feet of w water of a t e r pper e r yyear. ear. Most water M o s t of of the the w a t e r is i s uused s e d by b y tthe h e ttown o w n of of Eden. Eden. It It is i s I, however, h o w e v e r , rreported e p o r t e d tthat h a t tthe h e actual a c t u a l discharge d i s c h a r g e from from tthe h e springs s p r i n g s is i s a little little larger l a r g e r tthan h a n tthe h e figure f i g u r e given g i v e n above. above. Since S i n c e the t h e actual a c t u a l discharge d i s c h a r g e hhas a s never never been measured, which been m e a s u r e d , the t h e minimum m i n i m u m discharge, discharge, w h i c h iis s tthe h e rrecorded e c o r d e d amount a m o u n t used used by Eden, b y the t h e ttown o w n of of E d e n , iis s shown s h o w n in i n tthis h i s report. report. Burnett B u r n e t t springs s p r i n g s iissue ssue from from tthe h e unconsolidated u n c o n s o l i d a t e d sediments s e d i m e n t s of of the the valley mile v a l l e y fill f i l l about a b o u t 1/4 1/4 m i l e southeast s o u t h e a s t of of Patio P a t i o springs. springs. The water The w a t e r is i s of of good good quality q u a l i t y and a n d it i t does d o e s nnot o t rrequire e q u i r e pretreatment p r e t r e a t m e n t bbefore e f o r e use. use. 72 72 Subsurface S u b s u r f a c e Outflow Outflow P r i o r to t o the t h e completion c o m p l e t i o n of of Pineview P i n e v i e w Dam D a m , tthe h e nnatural a t u r a l discha d i s c h a rrge g e by by Prior I s e e p a g e from from the t h e artesian a r t e s i a n reservoir reservoir w a s sstudied t u d i e d bby y Leggette L e g g e t t e and a n d Taylor Taylor seepage was (1937) ( 1 9 3 7 ) . Their T h e i r investigations i n v e s t i g a t i o n s indi.cated i n d i c a t e d tthat h a t tthe h e seepage s e e p a g e into i n t o t hhe e Ogden Ogden Canyon With C a n y o n was w a s of of the t h e order o r d e r of of 2,100 2 , 1 0 0 acre-feet. acre-feet. W i t h tthe h e cconstruction o n s t r u c t i o n of of the the P i n e v i e w Dam, D a m , seepage s e e p a g e from from art€~sian a r t e s i a n rreservoir e s e r v o i r into into O g d e n Canyon C a n y o n has has Pineview Ogden bbeen e e n practically p r a c t i c a l l y eliminated. eliminated. Pineview D a m hhas a s bbeen e e n pprovided rovided w ith a Pineview Dam with stee s t e e ll sheet s h e e t ppile i l e which w h i c h extends e x t e n d s to t o tthe h e bbedrock. edrock. Likely L i k e l y tthere h e r e iis s nnow o w little little o r no n o seepage s e e p a g e underneath u n d e r n e a t h the t h e dam. dam. or T h e amount a m o u n t of of water w a t e r lost l o s t from from tthe h e aartesian r t e s i a n rreservoir e s e r v o i r bby y uupward p w a r d movemove­ The m e n t tthrough h r o u g h tthe h e clay c l a y confining c o n f i n i n g bbed e d iis s vvery e r y ssmall m a l l .. Tests T e s t s of permeability ment of permeability o n clay c l a y samples s a m p l e s indicate i n d i c a t e that t h a t tthe h e cclay l a y iis s eessentially s s e n t i a l l y iimpervious m p e r v i o u s (Leggette (Leggette on a n d Taylor, T a y l o r , 1937, 1 9 3 7 , pp.. 120) 1 2 0 ). and Ground-W ater B u d g e t of g d e n Valley Valley Ground Water Budget of O Ogden F o r tthe h e effective e f f e c t i v e uutilizatio:n t i l i z a t i o n of i m i t e d gground round-w a t e r ssuppl u p p l yy,, a For of aa llimited water ggeneral e n e r a l iinventory n v e n t o r y of of ssuppl u p p l yy aand n d ddemand e m a n d sshould h o u l d bbe e m ade. made. T h i s provides provides This tthe h e bbasis a s i s ffor or m a k i n g tthe h e bbest e s t uuse s e of h e ssupply u p p l y tthrough h r o u g h rregulation e g u l a t i o n of surfacemaking of tthe of surfacew a t e r aand n d ground g r o u n d -w a t e r storage s t o r a g e and and w i t h d r a w a l s , aand n d aalso l s o pprovides r o v i d e s aa logilogi­ water water withdrawals, ccal a l bbasis a s i s ffor o r pplanning l a n n i n g ffor o r ffuture uture w a t e r rrequirements. equirements. water G r o u n d-- water water Ground iinvent n v e n t oories r i e s aare re m a d e bby y determining d e t e r m i n i n g tthe h e vvarious a r i o u s iitems t e m s of e c h a r g e ,, dis d i s -­ made of rrecharge ccharge, h a r g e , aand n d cchange h a n g e iin n sstorage, t o r a g e , aand n d bba a llaancing n c i n g tthem h e m oon n aan n aannual n n u a l bbasis a s i s in in aaccordance ccordance w i t h tthe h e sSimple i m p l e hhydrologic y d r o l o g i c equation: equation: with R echarge = D ischarge + h a n g e iin n storage storage Recharge Discharge ± CChange 73 O g d e n Va V all l l ey e y there t h e r e a rree only o n l y two t w o i rrigation r r i g a t i o n we w e ll l l s .. In Ogden M o s t of of the the Most w a t e r for f o r i rrigation r r i g a t i o n is i s supplied s u p p l i e d by b y surface s u r f a c e streams s t r e a m s .. The T h e water w a t e r for domes d o m e stic tic water u s e is i s supplied s u p p l i e d by b y several s e v e r a l spri s p r i nng g ss and a n d by b y wells w e l l s t hat h a t tap t a p the t h e waterw a t e r -ttabl a b lee use a q u i f e r .. aquifer T h e discharge d i s c h a r g e from from 46 4 6 a rtesian r t e s i a n wells w e l l s in i n tthe h e Artesian A r t e s i a n Pa P a rrk k aarea rea The i s exported e x p o r t e d to t o the t h e City C i t y of of Ogden O g d e n. is Table water Vaa ll T a b l e 14 shows s h o w s tthe h e ground g r o u n d-w a t e r budget b u d g e t of of Ogden Ogden V l l ey e y for 1970. 1970. T a b l e 14 1 4 . Ground G r o u n d- w a t e r budget b u d g e t of of Ogden Ogden V l l ey e y ffor o r 1970. 1970. Table water Vaa ll Acre-feet Acre-feet Recharge Recharge S e e p a g e from from waterways w a t e r w a y s and and Seepage i r r i g a t e d land land irrigated ............ • ••...... • ... ... . I n f i l t r a t i o n of of pprecipitation recipitation Infiltration . . ...... ..•.. . . .. .... S u b s u r f a c e inflow inflow Subsurface •. •.. •• . • .•.• . .....•.. . . .. ... , Total Total 2 9 ,, 000 000 29 5 , 3 00 5 300 Unknown Unknown 3 4,, 300 300 34 Discharge Discharge W e llll ss We F l o w i n g ................ • ......•.... •......•. Flowing N o n - f l oowing wing Non-fl . •• •• ...••...... . .. .... . . .. ..•• • E v a p o t r a n s p i rration ation Evapotranspi . • ......•........•.... • ...... S p r i n g s ..•. . •• •.. •. ..•..•.•.•. • .•.........•. . .. Springs S u b s u r f a c e oout u t ffll oow w Subsurface T otal Total ................ ... ...... .... 12,600 12,600 100 100 20,000 20,000 300 11,, 300 Negligible Negligible 3 4 , 000 00 34 T h e ddiffe i f f e rrence e n c e of 0 0 aacre c r e --ffeet e e t bbetween e t w e e n rrecha e c h a rrge g e aand n d ddischarge ischarge m a y bbe e due due The of 3300 may tto o t hhe e aassumptions ssumptions m a d e ffo o rr vvariou a r i o u ss iitems t e m s of h e hhydrologic y d r o l o g i c eq e q uati u a t i on. on. made of tthe W a tte e rr--LLevel e v e l Fluctuations Fluctuations Wa W a t e r llevels e v e l s iin n O gden V l e y aare r e cchanging h a n g i n g cconti o n t i nnually u a l l y ffor o r man m a ny Water Ogden Vaa llley rre e aasons. sons. T h e y rrise ise w t h aa nnet e t aaddition d d i t i o n of a t e r tto o tthhe e gg rro o uund nd-w a t e r reserreser­ They wiith of w water water vvoir o i r ,, aand n d tthey h e y ddecline ecline w i t h a nnet e t ssubtraction u b t r a c t i o n .. with T h e ccauses a u s e s of f l u ctuation t u a t i o ns The of fluc 74 74 of water w a t e r levels l e v e l s in i n the t h e artesian a r t e s i a n wells w e l l s may m a y be b e classified c l a s s i f i e d into i n t o four f o u r groups: groups: of (1) recha r e c h a rrge g e to t o the t h e a rtesian r t e s i a n reservoi r e s e r v o i rr by b y means m e a n s of of direct d i r e c t infiltration i n f i l t r a t i o n of of (1) p r e c i p i t a t i o n ,, seepage s e e p a g e from irrigated i r r i g a t e d aa reas r e a s ,I canals c a n a l s ,, and a n d surface s u r f a c e streams; streams; precipitation (2) (2) changing c h a n g i n g atmospheric a t m o s p h e r i c pressure; p r e s s u r e ; (3) (3) changes c h a n g e s in i n the t h e rate r a t e of discharge discharge t h e artesian a r t e s i a n wells; w e l l s ; and a n d (4) loading l o a d i n g by b y Pineview P i n e v i e w Reservoir R e s e r v o i r .. from the T h e vari v a r i-­ The o u s influences i n f l u e n c e s may m a y operate o p e r a t e singly s i n g l y or o r in i n combination c o m b i n a t i o n and a n d may m a y be b e long l o n g te t errm m, ous s e a s o n a l , daily d a i l y ,, or o r brief b r i e f .. seasonal, O n l y l ong o n g - tterm e r m and a n d seasonal s e a s o n a l fl f l uctuations uctuations w will ill Only b e discussed d i s c u s s e d in i n this t h i s report r e p o r t .. be W a t e r levels l e v e l s were w e r e measured m e a s u r e d by b y mont m o n t hhly l y intervals i n t e r v a l s in i n twenty t w e n t y-- three three Water w e l l s during d u r i n g t hhe e period p e r i o d July J u l y 1970 1 9 7 0 - JJune u n e 1971 1 9 7 1 (t ( tabl a b l ee 15), 1 5 ) , and a n d hyd h y drographs rographs wells of t hese hese w a r e shown s h o w n in i n ffigure i g u r e 11 1 1 . A stee s t e e ll ttape a p e was w a s u ssed e d ffor o r depth d e p t h-to - t o -of wee llll ss ar w ater m e a s u r e m e n t s .. water measurements A ppermanent e r m a n e n t measu m e a s u rrement e m e n t ppoint o i n t ,, uusua s u a llll yy tthe h e collar collar of tthe h e well w e l l ,, was w a s eestablished s t a b l i s h e d .. of L o n g tter erm ecords w e r e oobtained b t a i n e d from from U.S U.S. Long m rrecords were G e o l o g i c a l Survey S u r v e y ffor o r tthe h e tthree h r e e oobservation bservation w e llll ss tthat h a t aare r e equipped e q u i p p e d with with Geological we automatic w a t e r - l e v e ll rrecorde e c o r d e rrss .. automatic water-leve T h e hhydrographs y d r o g r a p h s ffo o rr t hhese ese w e llll ss aa re re The we ss hhown o w n iin n ffigu i g u rres e s 12, 1 2 , 13 1 3 ,, a nnd d 14 1 4. Thomas water well, T h o m a s ((1953) 1 9 5 3 ) iindica n d i c a tteed d tthat h a t tt hhe e w a t e r lleve e v e ll iin n tt hhe e ttest est w e l l , (A( A -66 - 1I)) 11 ccab-I of pprecipitation a b - 1 , , rrises i s e s bby y 11..22 ffeet e e t ffor o r eeach a c h iinch n c h of r e c i p i t a t i o n dduring u r i n g aut a u t umn umn pperiod e r i o d .. The water we Ogden T he w a t e r lleve e v e llss iIn n ffew e w aartes r t e s iian an w e lll l ss lloca o c a tted e d iinn O g d e n Valley Valley hha a vve e bbeen e e n sshow h o w nn tto o ccorre o r r e ll aattee cc llose o s e llyy w i t h cchanges h a n g e s iin n aatmospheric t m o s p h e r i c press p r e s s ure. ure. with "" ..•. . . tthe he w a t e r llevel e v e l iin n tthhe e w e l l rrii sses e s aabout b o u t 00.3 . 3 ffoot o o t iin n rresponse e s p o n s e tto o aa dede­ water well cc rrea e a ssee of c h iin n ppressure r e s s u r e of e r ccuury r y bba a rrometer o m e t e r . . .... "" T h o m a s ((19 1 9 45 4 5 ,, of 11 iinnch of aa m mer Thomas pp. . 222) 2 ) .. H e aassumed s s u m e d aa bbarometric a r o m e t r i c eefficiency f f i c i e n c y of e r c e n t ffor o r tthhe e ttes e s tt we w e llll ., He of 22 22 ppercent land·surface datum, from twenty-three twenty·three representative wells in Ogden Valley Vaney for the period July 1970Table 15. 15. Water levels, in feet below land-surface June 1971. 1971. Coordinate Number Altitude above mean sea level (ft.) (Ft.) July 6 Aug. 4 Sept. 7 Oct. 18 Nov. 8 Dec. 7 Jan. 16 Jan.16 Feb. 8 Mar. 7 Apr. 17 May 9 June 8 (A-6-1) aaa (A-6-r 1 11 aaa (A-6-1) aab-1 (A-6-F) 2 aab-l (A-6-1) (A-6-r I 2 aab-2 (A·o.l) dbd (A-6-i;) 22dbd 4,921 4,916 4,902 4,913 11.45 7.45 12.11 8.75 11.85 7.80 10.91 10.91 8.51 11.43 9.05 12.89 9.29 17.22 10.33 14.05 13.19 18.19 11.35 17.14 14.22 16.14 10.21 14.12 14.82 14.82 11.72 16.01 14.37 13.02 10.79 15.42 14.18 13.81 12.06 13.07 14.51 13.45 9.33 15.58 13.19 14.19 10.87 15.15 14.13 12.12 8.57 12.75 9.02 (A-6-2) bbc (A-6-2;) 5 bbc (A-6-2) bbb (A-6-2;) 66bbb 4,981 4,981 4,929 4,957 4,987 4,971 5,005 5,012 4,964 4,196 4,907 4,907 4,919 4,998 14.21 14.21 9.51 1.85 18.11 8.02 — 28.31 5.31 11.51 16.01 14.41 12.91 4.23 18.20 12.92 5.55 24.75 12.55 34.42 31.62 6.41 11.60 21.28 14.15 14.41 14.41 7.53 16.72 10.31 4.11 28.69 14.21 39.08 34.65 8.03 12.73 — 34.45 13.03 10.05 16.69 16.74 7.62 32.66 19.68 41.85 40.06 11.79 15.55 15.55 31.54 15.85 12.85 16.01 18.03 7.53 32.20 20.48 43.88 43.26 12.36 16.14 16.09 32.42 16.22 13.31 14.66 13.35 6.68 33.42 17.98 29.80 29.86 25.55 11.88 15.95 _ 17.49 15.99 11.17 16.21 12.55 8.01 26.69 13.45 22.31 13.51 12.12 15.55 29.82 16.93 15.53 6.54 14.57 9.61 6.99 25.14 10.76 28.05 20.91 7.61 16.14 26.13 17.56 16.11 7.07 17.69 10.37 7.96 30.89 13.81 34.81 26.96 8.75 15.61 25.43 17.78 15.48 7.04 15.85 111.11 1.11 4.61 25.31 10.77 23.26 15.52 7.69 15.17 12.77 17.15 15.69 4.31 10.02 16.02 12.01 7.67 21.25 9.34 22.47 17.31 6.77 16.23 20.89 20.02 15.92 4.68 13.94 13.33 2.19 10.16 4.46 14.94 12.33 3.58 14.06 15.89 14.79 14.19 15.49 5,203 5,076 5,066 5,071 5,061 4,917 18.81 13.07 39.81 28.21 1.61 7.05 29.01 17.45 46.51 33.65 7.27 4.55 36.69 29.96 57.58 43.32 15.51 8.69 33.51 33.51 36.98 66.99 18.83 35.81 66.82 52.05 22.25 14.69 12.65 17.43 54.38 42.99 14.48 15.56 12.45 16.55 48.87 38.77 5.22 17.34 13.26 13.58 45.22 35.37 2.48 15.89 17.87 13.46 45.67 35.19 2.66 15.82 18.98 10.81 43.55 30.72 0.68 12.86 12.64 10.91 41.21 30.36 0.69 13.82 42.43 11.82 42.61 32.16 1.43 12.28 (A-6-2) ddc (A-6-2;) 66ddc (A-6-2)16 ace (A-6-2;1.16 acc (A-6-2)16 (A-6-2;116 ebb (A-6-2)16 (A-6-2 )16 daa (A-6-2)16 (A-6-2;116 dad (A-6-2)17 aae 17 aac (A-6-2; 118 aba aba (A-6-2)18 (A-6-2; bab 18 bah (A-6·2) (A-6-2;118 (A-6·2) 18 bad (A-6-2;)18 (A·6-2) 18 dbb (A-6-2;118 (A-6-2)21 (A-6-2;121 ebb (A-7-i;) 88ccb (A-7-1) eeh (A-7-1;)20 aaa-1 (A-7-1)20 aaa·1 (A-7-i;)20 aaa-2 (A-7-1)20 (A.7.1)20 (A-7-i; 120 aad (A.7.1)21 (A-7-i; 121 bbc (A-7.1)35 (A-7-i; )35 cdd edd 21.29 13.03 cn 76 o o0 30 40 >/ ' V \ ~ J -—•~ ~ / o 10 20 I 40 50 "- -......... V 60 10 20 ! )2( i a'd, O~ ft. at d, 105 (A -7- !)2C Up· Is( d'~EP . :: 071 d ?ep Isc 507 ft o :......... 10 I 20 ....... '-.. I o0 V 10 20 ,/ !-- v 20 30 40 I.......... ~ I" -- 1- i.- : ~AL6-1 15 2 f t. -1, 152 (A -6-1 ) 2 aa >-1, de 2P, Isc Isc .4 . 4 ~16' 316 ft. debp, -,- - --i {A1· aa )-2. 18 ft. 6 - ) 2 aab·2, (A -6-1 .......... / '- .J - 10 .- 20 o0 10 20 ttl 30 40 ......... 1\. 50 ,"\ 60 I -- ,..... .... ~ '",- ./ (A -6· I (A -6-' ) 11aaa H.7 1S .7 ft. ls< 921 ft Is i.. 4~ 92 A S 0 N N D D J F F M M A M M J 1971 , .....- ...... r....... I---" I-- -- -r- (A 6- ) 6 bbi >, 22~8 28 ft. (A -6-2 6 bb de ep, p, Isc ,4 , 4 329 29 ft. o0 10 20 aa; -2, 76 ft. (A 7-1 7-1 20 aa def3P, lsd . 5p6G ft. 066 ft sp, ls( 1970 .............. de p. de<'P, 11)2 )L o 0 ,aa· «aa- 1, 75 ft. 507 53 ft eep , 1Isd. 1507 dd~ep J I o0 (J -7(/ >-7- 70 (AG-1 db i, C 3.4 ft. (A 6-1 )2 ) 2 db::l, de ?P, Is< Isc .4 . 4 913 913 ft. detp, dee:P 49( )2 ft. P 1sd. 49~2 de )c B1 )2 bl DC, -7- 1)21 81 ft. U [A-7· dde;ep, ep Is~. 06 ft Isci. [E06' b 10 I ! 30 I - o0 i'" I I ... -V 1 , !-- (A-7 dd , 1£ 1 (.7 .7 ft ft.. ( \-7 11}) 35 :dd ee i,, 1 >d. 491 7 ff t.. cleef d. 49 dee p. cb , 7 (A -7-1 ) 8 :cb 71 ft. de (47PIs( Isc I..55~O 20: ft ...... - -.... -..-. 20 " 10 20 30 ' -.., * \"- ...... 10 ~ - ......... (A 6-2 I (A 6-'1 6 dd 1b 15 ffl . p, Is de dee P, IscI..44 957 ft ft. N D J A A S 0 N D J CO 10 20 1970 F F M M A A M M J 1971 1971 Figure of sselected wells, Ogden Valley, F i g u r e 11. 1 1 . Hydrographs H y d r o g r a p h s of elected w e l l s , iin n O gden V a l l e y , for for the the p e r i o d July J u l y 1970-June 1 9 7 0 - J u n e 1971. 1971. period 77 0 10 i .... I r-- .......... ----r--.-I--.;..--r 201--r-+-+-~~~-r-+-+~~~ 20 I (A6-2 5!bb, 5:lt. 1 ft (A 6-2 f 5 1bb<fc, 5 'deep, 49$ 1 t_ f de< P,1 sd. 49·1 i ' 10 /— \ 20 20 \ / \ ,_ ,_ / 30 v— J 40~r-+-+-~~-r~-+-+-4~~ 40 (,c-6d, t20 t. 20 t_ (A -6-: ) 11~3 b \d, d$p, 07 ft. Isc ._ 44!907 ep, Ihe 10 20 30 40 50 10 20 30 30 40 40 Or-r-+-+-4-~~~-+-+-1--~ 0' I O. 10 10 20 lsd . 4? deep, 4$19 de ep, ls~. 319 ft. 30 o0 —i (' -6-: !) 118 aba, 19. 5 ft dcjep, Iscj. 4^16 ft. ~ i J-k . . 20 I I"" / / /'" .......... 1 d d, ! 54 (A (A~6-L 4 i t. S-2 ) 1i dd»-ep, ep, ls Isc .5 . 5P12 312 ft. .. J ......... -.... - ........ i--"" ~ ........ I (A (A -6-,) c, 6E2 ff t.. a C, -6-2 ) 1 3 ac ddep, . 45387 ft. lse .4$87Ift. ep, Isc -'" I .l"-i--- --.1 ........ ...... I ......... ~ - ('~-6(A,-6-:,!)) 11b6 c~b. 40 ft. t. cl3b, ,40 I deep 5ep ls i. 4971 ft. ls<J.4'971 Q_ 0io I 1 1 I'- .......... r--., ....... V o0 20* (1{-6-:il 20: H dfc dl1b, b, 9. 9.1 ft. (A -6-2f)1£ 20h A CL or-r-.-~'--.-.-.-.-.-,-.~ 10~~+-+-4-~~~-+-+-4~~ I 1 i I 10 20 A ........ - - I i'. i' (,c-6b, 1m 105 ft. (A -6-2:))22 ~1 ccl)b, de ep, lsd . 44$ 98 ft ft.. , ! aac, ~O 40 t. t.d.-6-~) ifi ') 11~7 aac I dd< ep, ls( 4 364 ft. Isc . 4~64 10 20 30 10 N 20 ~'" 30 40 50 I - ~-- "- ",>, . / - .... .... (A-615E ft (A -6-: !)) 118 bb sb, 3b, 15! (I V aa, 51 51 ft.t. -6- >.) ) 1661dd~a, dde ep, ls( 07 ft. lsd .4 . 4<)07 dE lsd . 5·05 dd ep, lsc. 5()05 ft. AS J A S ONDJ 0 N D J 1970 F M A M M A M J 1971 Figure F i g u r e 11. 1 1 . Continued. Continued. J M A M J A M A S 0 N A N 0D J F M 1971 1970 i I 18 78 ~ .:! ... ;a "0 0 10 /\ f\ f\ f\ f\ I\! /\ ~ N I I\f-J :\1 f-I \1 I !" c: .!}. 20 '\I :t 0 :8 I 30 .e ~ 40 ..../'\.J .5 50 1 60 .. oJ .. S \. -..J , A r\ !A 11 Jl'cll IVY v~J !'" W' ill I -r-~~ ! (A·6·~.) l1l ded. 1 132 v 11 !J 11· \~ ,d, P. lJ 431'. .7.3 f. Ii! ~:i6 ~1.l47 1943 194;~946J..fq'~""" 1936 1937 1937 1931:1 1338 19311 1939 194:'J 1940'TGif! lS4PfS45" 1943 1\)44 1944 1945 1§4"6 T547 ~1948 ".4" 1948 fQ50 1950 1951'195 195lT§52 195 1953 .:l: Figure 12. Hvdrograph of of tha t<,,,t we'l, dcd-I, for for the the period period 1S36-53. 1~36-53 • Figure 12. Hydrograph the test we;!, (1.-5-1) (A-5-1) 11 II dcd-1, . " ~ ~ oI 10 "0 t: .!! \, 20 ~ 0 ] ~ ~ .1: OJ ~ ~ !!> eo !!! flgu.e 13. Hy~rograph of the test well, (JI.-6-l) 11 cab-I, for the period 1953-70. .,::o .c .= Figure ~4. Hydp:Jgrapl, of the test well, (1\-6-1) 12 aad-l, for t':le peri cd 1933-55. 79 (A-6-1) ( A - 6 - 1 ) 11 ccab-I. ab-1. The T h e effects e f f e c t s of of changing c h a n g i n g aatmospheric t m o s p h e r i c ppressure r e s s u r e on o n the the fluctuations water with f l u c t u a t i o n s of of w a t e r level l e v e l are a r e vvery e r y small s m a l l in i n comparison comparison w i t h tthe h e effects effects of changing Pineview of c h a n g i n g artesian a r t e s i a n discharge d i s c h a r g e and a n d loading l o a d i n g by by P i n e v i e w Reservoir. Reservoir. There wells T h e r e iis s always a l w a y s some s o m e discharge d i s c h a r g e from from the t h e artesian artesian w e l l s in i n Ogden Ogden Valley. V alley. This T h i s discharge d i s c h a r g e iis s nnot o t constant c o n s t a n t bbut u t changes c h a n g e s from from season s e a s o n to t o season season a n d from e a r to t o yyear. ear. and from yyear ffluctuate. luctuate. As a result, r e s u l t , the the w a t e r levels l e v e l s in i n tthe h e nnearby e a r b y wells wells water T h o m a s (1945), ( 1 9 4 5 ) , using u s i n g the t h e rrecords e c o r d s for f o r the t h e ttest e s t well, w e l l , (A-6-2) (A-6-2) Thomas a a d - 1 , pprior r i o r to t o construction c o n s t r u c t i o n of of P i n e v i e w Dam, D a m , iindicates n d i c a t e s that t h a t " ••• . . .the the 12 aad-l, Pineview change water c h a n g e of of w a t e r level l e v e l rranged a n g e d from from 0.05 0 . 0 5 tto o 0.10 0 . 1 0 foot f o o t pper e r each e a c h second-foot second-foot change c h a n g e iin n discharge d i s c h a r g e II" •. Continuous withdrawal water Continuous w i t h d r a w a l of of w a t e r from from an a n artesian a r t e s i a n reservoir r e s e r v o i r produces produces reduction r e d u c t i o n of of pressure p r e s s u r e around a r o u n d tthe h e well w e l l and a n d the t h e water w a t e r in i n the t h e vicinity v i c i n i t y of of the the well well. w e l l starts s t a r t s to t o move m o v e ttoward o w a r d the the w ell. Movement of water M o v e m e n t of w a t e r toward t o w a r d the t h e well well ddevelops e v e l o p s a ppressure r e s s u r e ggradient r a d i e n t in i n the t h e aquifer a q u i f e r directly d i r e c t l y proportional p r o p o r t i o n a l to t o the the vvelocity e l o c i t y of of ppercolation e r c o l a t i o n and a n d inversely i n v e r s e l y tto o tthe h e ppermeability e r m e a b i l i t y of of the t h e waterwater­ material. bbearing earing m aterial. This well T h i s effect e f f e c t extends e x t e n d s rradially a d i a l l y from from the the w e l l and a n d is i s limited limited water tto o the t h e areal a r e a l extent e x t e n t of of the t h e conduit c o n d u i t furnishing furnishing w a t e r tto o the t h e well. well. The T h e depresdepres­ sion withdrawals s i o n in i n tthe h e ppressure r e s s u r e surface s u r f a c e caused c a u s e d bby y large l a r g e quantities q u a n t i t i e s of of w i t h d r a w a l s is is kknown n o w n as a s "the " t h e cone c o n e of of ppressure r e s s u r e rrelief e l i e f "",, and a n d tthe h e areal a r e a l extent e x t e n t of of this this depression d e p r e s s i o n is i s "the " t h e area a r e a of of influence". influence". The T h e water w a t e r llevels e v e l s in i n all a l l wells wells reaching wells within r e a c h i n g tthe h e conduit c o n d u i t tapped t a p p e d bby y the t h e ppumping umping w e l l s are a r e lowered lowered w i t h i n the the area a r e a of of influence. influence. 80 80 The T h e shape s h a p e and a n d position p o s i t i o n of the t h e cone c o n e of pressure p r e s s u r e relief r e l i e f is i s determined determined by b y the t h e nature n a t u r e of withdrawals w i t h d r a w a l s from the t h e reservoir r e s e r v o i r and a n d by b y the t h e nature n a t u r e of the the aquifer a q u i f e r material, m a t e r i a l , itself. i t s e l f . When W h e n the t h e withdrawals w i t h d r a w a l s change c h a n g e from from season s e a s o n to to season, s e a s o n , a similar s i m i l a r change c h a n g e will w i l l take t a k e place p l a c e in i n the t h e cone c o n e of pressure p r e s s u r e relief; relief; thus, t h u s , the t h e water w a t e r level l e v e l in i n the t h e wells w e l l s will w i l l show s h o w seasonal s e a s o n a l fluctuations. fluctuations. If If the t h e rate r a t e of discharge d i s c h a r g e from from an a n artesian a r t e s i a n aquifer a q u i f e r has h a s been b e e n more more r a p i d tthan h a n the t h e rate r a t e of recharge r e c h a r g e to t o the t h e same s a m e aquifer, a q u i f e r , some s o m e of of the t h e water water rapid d i s c h a r g e d must m u s t have h a v e been b e e n derived d e r i v e d from from storage s t o r a g e in i n the t h e water-bearing water-bearing discharged m a t e r i a l underlying u n d e r l y i n g the t h e area. area. material The w i t h d r a w a l from from storage s t o r a g e requires r e q u i r e s a rere­ The withdrawal d u c t i o n in i n the t h e interstitial i n t e r s t i t i a l space s p a c e occupied o c c u p i e d by b y water. water. duction r e s u l t of of this this As a result t h e aquifer a q u i f e r undergoes u n d e r g o e s a certain c e r t a i n amount a m o u n t of compaction c o m p a c t i o n in i n which w h i c h its i t s total total the i n t e r s t i t i a l space space w i l l decrease decrease b y a vvolume o l u m e approximately a p p r o x i m a t e l y eequal q u a l tto o the the interstitial will by vvolume o l u m e of of the t h e ddischarged i s c h a r g e d water. water. C o r r e l a t i o n bbetween e t w e e n artesian a r t e s i a n ddischarge i s c h a r g e and a n d tthe h e fluctuations f l u c t u a t i o n s of of water water Correlation l e v e l in i n tthe h e ttest est w e l l , (A-6-1) ( A - 6 - 1 ) llcab-1, l l c a b - 1 , is i s done d o n e for f o r the t h e pperiod e r i o d 1960-69. 1960-69. level well, D u r i n g tthe he m o n t h of u n e of a c h yyear, e a r , tthe h e sstorage t o r a g e of i n e v i e w Reservoir Reservoir During month of JJune of eeach of PPineview rreaches e a c h e s iits ts m a x i m u m aand n d rremains emains m ore o e s s cconstant. onstant. maximum more orr lless T h u s , tthe h e loadload­ Thus, iing n g eeffect f f e c t of i n e v i e w sstorage t o r a g e ffor o r tthis his m o n t h iis s aapproximately p p r o x i m a t e l y constant. constant. of PPineview month A c c o r d i n g l y , aan n aattempt t t e m p t iis s m a d e tto o ccorrelate o r r e l a t e aartesian r t e s i a n ddischarge ischarge w i t h the the Accordingly, made with ffluctuations l u c t u a t i o n s of a t e r llevel e v e l iin n tthe h e ttest est w e l l ffor o r tthe h e JJune une m easurements. of w water well measurements. In In ggeneral e n e r a l nno o ggood o o d ccorrelation o r r e l a t i o n eexists x i s t s eexcept x c e p t ffor o r tthe h e yyears ears 1 963, 1 9 6 5 , and and 1963, 1965, 11968. 968. F o r tthe h e yyears e a r s iindicated n d i c a t e d ,I 00.1 . 1 ffoot o o t cchange h a n g e iin n w a t e r llevel e v e l corresponds corresponds For water tto o oone n e ssecond-foot e c o n d - f o o t cchange h a n g e iin n discharge. discharge. 881 1 The wells, T h e llong o n g tterm e r m hhydrographs y d r o g r a p h s ffor o r tthe h e oobservation bservation w e l l s , ((A-6-1) A - 6 - 1 ) 11 of w water ddcd-l c d - 1 aand n d ((A-6-1) A - 6 - 1 ) 12 12 aaad-l, a d - 1 , iindicate n d i c a t e tthat h a t tthe h e ffluctuations l u c t u a t i o n s of a t e r levels levels in wells with of Pineview i n tthese hese w e l l s sstrongly t r o n g l y ccorrelate orrelate w i t h tthe h e changes c h a n g e s iin n sstorage t o r a g e of Pineview R eservoir. Reservoir. E v e r ssince ince N o v e m b e r 1936, 1 9 3 6 , tthe h e ffilling i l l i n g of i n e v i e w Reservoir Reservoir Ever November of PPineview c r e a t e d a uunique n i q u e ssituation i t u a t i o n bby y adding a d d i n g a lload o a d oon n tthe h e uunderlying n d e r l y i n g artesian artesian created aaquifer. quifer. T hus, w i t h tthe h e rrise i s e of e s e r v o i r llevel, e v e l , tthe h e aartesian r t e s i a n aquifer aquifer Thus, with of rreservoir ccompressed o m p r e s s e d aand n d tthe h e water w a t e r llevel e v e l iin n tthe he w e l l s started s t a r t e d tto o rrise. ise. wells T h i s subject subject This w i l l bbe e ddiscussed i s c u s s e d ffurther u r t h e r uunder n d e r tthe h e ssection e c t i o n of o a d i n g bby y P i n e v i e w ReserReser­ will of lloading Pineview vvoir. oir. Seasonal of w water wells S e a s o n a l ffluctuations l u c t u a t i o n s of a t e r llevels e v e l s iin n tthe he w e l l s aare r e sshown h o w n bby y the the hhydrographs y d r o g r a p h s iin n ffigure i g u r e 11. 11. All tthe he w e l l s ttap a p tthe he w a t e r - t a b l e aaquifer. quifer. wells water-table The The w a t e r llevel e v e l iis s hhighest i g h e s t iin n llate a t e spring s p r i n g bbecause e c a u s e of e c h a r g e from i n t e r and and water of rrecharge from w winter s p r i n g pprecipitation. recipitation. spring T he w a t e r level l e v e l declines d e c l i n e s dduring u r i n g ssummer u m m e r mainly mainly The water of hheavy bbecause e c a u s e of e a v y pumpage. pumpage. The of w water Ogden Valley T h e long-term l o n g - t e r m fluctuations f l u c t u a t i o n s of a t e r llevels e v e l s iin n O gden V a l l e y are are iillustrated l l u s t r a t e d iin n figure f i g u r e 12,13, 1 2 , 1 3 , aand n d 14. 14. For F o r tthe h e pperiod e r i o d 1937-63 1 9 3 7 - 6 3 tthe h e water water llevels e v e l s ddo o nnot o t sshow h o w any a n y significant s i g n i f i c a n t aamount m o u n t of hange. of cchange. A i s e of water A rrise of water well, llevel e v e l iin n tthe h e ttest est w e l l , (A-6-1) ( A - 6 - 1 ) 11 cab-I, c a b - 1 , corresponds c o r r e s p o n d s tto o JJanuary a n u a r y 1963. 1963. T h i s iis s ddue u e tto o a hhigher i g h e r tthan h a n nnormal o r m a l pprecipitation r e c i p i t a t i o n aatt tthis h i s yyear. ear. This T h e concon­ The ttinued i n u e d ffluctuations l u c t u a t i o n s of of w a t e r levels l e v e l s iin n rresponse e s p o n s e tto o vvariation a r i a t i o n of precipitation water of precipitation in O gden V a l l e y iindicates n d i c a t e s tthat h a t oon n a llong-term o n g - t e r m bbasis a s i s ttotal o t a l ddischarge i s c h a r g e does does in Ogden Valley nnot o t eexceed x c e e d recharge. recharge. 82 Quality Q u a l i t y of of Water Water The T h e chemical c h e m i c a l quality q u a l i t y of of ground g r o u n d water w a t e r is i s determined d e t e r m i n e d from from tthe h e water water samples s a m p l e s of of eeleven l e v e n representative r e p r e s e n t a t i v e wells w e l l s in i n Ogden O g d e n Valley. Valley. Some S o m e additional additional c h e m i c a l quality q u a l i t y data d a t a are a r e obtained o b t a i n e d from from U. U . SS.. Geological G e o l o g i c a l Survey S u r v e y Water Water chemical R e s o u r c e s Division. Division. Resources Di D i vvision i s i o n of of Health. Health. T h e bacteriological b a c t e r i o l o g i c a l analyses a n a l y s e s are a r e done d o n e bby y Utah Utah The The major T h e surface-water s u r f a c e - w a t e r quality q u a l i t y data d a t a for for tthe he m a j o r streams streams and a n d Pin.eview P i n e v i e w Reservoir R e s e r v o i r are a r e obtained o b t a i n e d from from Hahl H a h l and a n d Mitchell, M i t c h e l l , 1963. 1963. The The results wells, r e s u l t s of of chemical c h e m i c a l analyses a n a l y s e s of of the t h e water w a t e r samples s a m p l e s from from w e l l s , springs, springs, and a n d surface s u r f a c e waters w a t e r s in i n Ogden O g d e n Valley V a l l e y are a r e shown s h o w n in i n table t a b l e 16. 16. The T h e location location of of sampling s a m p l i n g sites s i t e s and a n d graphical g r a p h i c a l presentation p r e s e n t a t i o n of of chemical c h e m i c a l aanalyses n a l y s e s are are shown s h o w n on o n plate p l a t e 4. 4. Quality Q u a l i t y in i n Relation R e l a t i o n to t o Use Use The water T h e ppurpose u r p o s e of of water w a t e r quality q u a l i t y study s t u d y is i s to t o determine d e t e r m i n e if if the the w a t e r is is satisfactory s a t i s f a c t o r y for f o r a proposed p r o p o s e d use. use. .~ccordingly, Accordingly, the of water-analysis t h e subject s u b j e c t of water-analysis interpretation of standards i n t e r p r e t a t i o n must m u s t often o f t e n include i n c l u d e some s o m e considerations c o n s i d e r a t i o n s of s t a n d a r d s and and t o l e r a n c e s that t h a t have h a v e been b e e n established e s t a b l i s h e d for f o r water w a t e r that t h a t is i s to t o bbe e uused s e d for for tolerances vvarious a r i o u s purposes. purposes. S t a n d a r d s for for w a t e r to t o be b e uused s e d ffor o r drinking d r i n k i n g and a n d other other Standards water d o m e s t i c uuses s e s have h a v e bbeen e e n established e s t a b l i s h e d by b y U .• SS.. Public P u b l i c Health H e a l t h Service. Service. domestic A c c o r d i n g to t o the t h e 1962 1 9 6 2 standard s t a n d a r d s, s , the t h e following f o l l o w i n g substances s u b s t a n c e s should s h o u l d nnot o t be be According p r e s e n t in i n amounts a m o u n t s greater g r e a t e r than t h a n those t h o s e shown: shown: present 83 Concentration C o n c e n t r a t i o n (mg/l) (mg/l) Substance Substance I r o n (Fe) ..................... , Iron . M a n g a n e s e (Mn) (Mn) .•••.•••••••••• Manganese M a g n e s i u m (Mg) •..••.•.•.••••• Magnesium C h l o r i d e (CI) ••••••••••.•••••.• , Chloride Nitrate (N0 3 ) ••••.••••••••.•.• N i t r a t e (NO3) , Sulfate •.••.•••.•••••••• S u l f a t e (S04) (SO4) Total T o t a l dissolved d i s s o l v e d solids s o l i d s •••.•.•..• 0.3 0.3 0.05 0.05 125 125 2250 50 45 250 250 500 500 Standards water S t a n d a r d s ffor or w a t e r quality q u a l i t y eestablished s t a b l i s h e d bby y tthe h e Public P u b l i c Health H e a l t h Service Service drinking water drinking w a t e r standards s t a n d a r d s of of 1962 196 2 specify s p e c i f y an a n upper u p p e r limit l i m i t of of permissible permissible fluoride mg/l where f l u o r i d e concentration c o n c e n t r a t i o n of of 22.4 .4 m g / l for f o r areas areas w h e r e tthe h e annual a n n u a l aaverage v e r a g e of m a x i m u m ddaily a i l y aair i r temperature t e m p e r a t u r e is i s in i n tthe h e rrange a n g e of of 50.0 5 0 . 0 F tto o 53.7 53.7 F Limits maximum F.. Limits for a r m e r climates c l i m a t e s are a r e lower, l o w e r , rranging a n g i n g down d o w n tto o a rrecommended e c o m m e n d e d llimit i m i t of for w warmer 00.8 .8 m g/l w ith a m a x i m u m ppermissible e r m i s s i b l e limit l i m i t of of 1.4 1.4 m g/l w h e r e average average mg/l with maximum mg/l where m a x i m u m daily d a i l y temperatures t e m p e r a t u r e s are a r e 779.3 9 . 3 F tto o 90.5 9 0 . 5 F. F. maximum Water mg/l W a t e r that t h a t ccontains o n t a i n s less l e s s tthan h a n 150 15 0 m g / l of of chloride c h l o r i d e is i s satisfactory satisfactory most ffor or m o s t ppurposes. urposes. A chloride more mg/l A c h l o r i d e ccontent o n t e n t of of m o r e tthan h a n 250 25 0 m g / l iis s generally generally for municipal water oobjectionable b j e c t i o n a b l e for municipal w a t e r supply. supply. Water more W a t e r containing containing m o r e than t h a n 350 350 mg/l most m g / l iis s oobjectionable b j e c t i o n a b l e for for m o s t iirrigation r r i g a t i o n and a n d iindustrial n d u s t r i a l uuses. ses. Water W a t e r concon­ much ttaining a i n i n g as as m u c h aas s 500 5 0 0 mg/l m g / l of of chloride c h l o r i d e ffrequently r e q u e n t l y hhas a s a disagreeable disagreeable taste. taste. Nitrate N i t r a t e iin n concentrations c o n c e n t r a t i o n s greater g r e a t e r tthan h a n 445 5 mg/l m g / l iis s undesirable u n d e s i r a b l e in in water w a t e r uused s e d for f o r ddomestic o m e s t i c ppurposes u r p o s e s bbecause e c a u s e of of tthe h e ppossible o s s i b l e ttoxic o x i c effect effect may tthat h a t iitt m a y hhave a v e oon n infants. infants. disease) d i s e a s e ) .• This T h i s effect e f f e c t is i s kknown n o w n as a s ccyanosis y a n o s i s (blue-baby (blue-baby Table 16. Chemical analyses of of waters from wells, springs, and. and surface waters in Ogden Valley. (Analyses were made by the author unless otherwise indicated) MILLIGRAMS LiTER MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 4u> c .suc "0 '"3C c:: 0 u ouU ';::0 Go'" ~N o0. ^ D. O O...co:!rt 0) ~ E h 0 o.... ...uo uu E E E E "c::C — 3....'"O .3 .~ 3 E E E E '~ <lJ 2~ .0 '" <o 0. .co:! .,. rt is .'" b0 .;: '" N 8,0i) 1-4 ~Q °..,... :=:0 'u~ •3 3 /-^ 188 E §>' <lJ "0 '" ~.- ..... 0CL > oo .....3 '" <lJ :-ju O;z: "'~ •a 15 ~~ 5u w S3 §~ u~ l-< ~-' | ? S S ° z CL, co':::, E C O w wells Samples Samplcs from H Il .7 .7 186 11 11 8.4 47 11 12 .06 47 12 2.1 180 10 7.7 2.1 57 12 57 10 5.9 12 50 186 11 11 8.4 .7 .7 Vl6 11 12 .06 47 11 12 6.3 1.2 233 233 12 55 12 17 17 55 48 10 00 10 4.9 1.7 72 23 6.9 23 4.9 41 41 2.9 9.2 1.3 160 10 42 160 10 42 12 9.2 12 6.2 38 38 5.9 53 14 ~.9 1.0 198 9.1 198 9.1 53 52 3.4 14 6.7 .9 172 45 43 1.7 8.1 45 13 6.7 13 43 6.9 50 17 IS 13 13 1.0 242 .01 .01 54 15 50 17 _. 41 1.8 7.3 51 6.2 .8 196 7.3 41 51 15 .8 196 15 13 10 13 35 35 13 1.7 142 142 13 8.8 10 3.8 16 .5 16 58 8.8 43 1.9 43 .5 58 5.7 41 12 11 22 41 11 1.5 125 125 22 50 5.1 12 5.1 12 23 12 11 .6 11 .6 79 79 23 8.5 47 47 7.5 7.5 26 14 14 5.6 .9 .9 102 9.5 26 9.5 43 43 4.2 ..22 8.2 76 9.9 76 -22 25 25 Samples from ;QUIres sources other than .-135 9.5 135 32 88 77.4 11 .4 11 -254 8.6 17 - I --- 254 58 17 58 12 48 48 12 17 17 247 17 58 17 16.7 00 13.7 13.7 -15 13 65 13 6.1 65 15 6.1 5.8 .9 -.9 242 14 14 6.5 1.3 14 14 215 55 .02 55 5.3 1.3 215 '" ~~ o0 0) o~ ~ Coordinate Number t---. Artesian Park wells (A·6·1) 2aab (A-6-1) (A-6-l)llcab-l (A·6·1)llcab·l (A-6-1)1 ldcd-1 )Ilded·l (A·6·1 (A-6-2) (A·6·2) 5bcc 5bee (A-6-2) 7aab (A·6·2) (A-6-2) 16acc (A·6·2)16aee (A-6-2) 16dad 16dad (A·6·2) (A-6-2) 18bab·l 18bab-l (A·6·2) (A·6·2)21 bbb (A-6-2)21bbb (A·6·2)21ebd (A-6-2)21cbd (A·7·1)20aaa (A-7-1 )20aaa (A·7·1)22ccd (A-7-l)22ccd (A-7-1 )29ada (A·7·1)29ada (A-7-l)34bba (A-7·1)34bba (A-7-l)36cab (A-7-1)36cab -- Patio springs Bennett springs Hawkins spring spring South Fork North Branch of South Fork fork South Branch of South Fork North Fork Middle Fork Pineview Reservoir Geertsen Creek Date Collected Dec. Dec. 15, 15, 1952 1952 reb. 16, 1971 Feb.16,1971 Dec. 15, 1952 Dec. 15,1952 Nov. 4,1955 4,1955 Nov. Feb.16,1971 Feb. 16, 1971 Feb.16,1971 Feb. 16,1971 Feb.16,1971 Feb. 16, 1971 Feb. 16,1971 16,1971 Nov. 30, 1955 1955 Nov. 30, Feb. 16, 1971 Feb.16,1971 Feb. 16, 1971 Feb.16,1971 Feb. 16, 1971 Feb.16,1971 Feb. 16, 1971 Feb.16,1971 Feb.16,1971 Feb. 16, 1971 Feb.16,1971 reb. 16, 1971 Sept. 16, 16,1952 1952 Sept. Sept. 16,1952 Sept. 16, 16, 1952 1952 Sept. 27, 1950 Jan. Jan. 12,1961 Apr. Apr. 6, 1961 ::I c::~ . - V) V) ~ V) ::IV) V) ~ ~ -- 63 63 Jan. 12, 1961 Jan.12,1961 - 7.9 - Apr. Apr. 6, 1961 Apr. 6, 1961 Oct. Oct. 14,1960 Apr. 6,1961 6, 1961 .- 6.9 9.2 8.5 6.3 .02 31 31 .07 71 .07 71 46 46 19 .08 .08 19 -- -- 16 16 6.3 20 11 11 3.4 (1) Analyses of Water Resources Resources Division. Division. (1) Analyses of U.S. U.S. Geological Geological Survey Survey Water (2) Analyses Analyses obtained Hahl and and Mitchell, Mitchell, 1963. 1963. (2) obtained from from Hahl V) :g!2 .9::::;- ..cu s s u~ 10 10 16 16 10 10 12 L2 11 11 14 14 13 13 14 14 14 14 15 15 20 20 11 11 33 33 27 27 12 12 30 30 wells 5.5 10 10 16 16 10 10 10 238 9.2 1.0 238 15 15 20 .8 .8 102 15 15 15 15 14 14 11 11 9.0 17 17 10 10 6.5 4.9 13 13 6.0 3.7 1.3 302 1.6 1.5 176 60 "0 <J) <lJ "0 2~ *a _ "2~G .::. 0 0 .:::0 S oZ .zz~ 5 "''''", O Po ~~o ..... V ·c •c O l £ ::I~ ~~. .1 .1 - .1 .1 .1 .1 - .1 .1 -- -.- - oj '" 3.7 13.5 13.5 3.7 2.7 9.5 8.1 8.1 1.9 .2 2.0 3.6 .9 .9 2.8 1.6 14 14 .7 .7 1.1 >; o OP<> ~ l i s u .V) :I: E 0. PH Remarks .- 339 350 339 413 174 174 317 360 360 323 323 413 350 313 313 148 148 382 382 189 207 233 233 7.3 7.7 7.3 7.3 7.2 7.4 7.5 7.8 7.5 7.5 7.9 7.6 7.3 6.9 7.3 6.9 6.9 Composite sample (1) Water-table 15 ft deep Water·table well, 15 Artesian well (1) (I) Artesian Artesian well well (1) (1) Water-table well, 50 50 ftft deep deep Water·table Water-table well, 89 89 ftft deep Water·table well, Water-table 62 ft deep Water·table well, 62 Water-table 43 ftft deep deep Water·table well, 43 Artesian well, 155 155 ft ft deep deep (1) (1) Water-table well, 81 81 ft ft deep Water·table Water-table Water·table well, 110 ft deep Water-table well, well, 76 76 ft deep Water·tabk Water·table Water-table well, 45 45 ftft deep deep 80 ft deep Water-table well, well, 80 Water-table well, 75 75 ft deep Water-table well (1) (1) 1000 ft below spring outlet ou tlet (1) hom From concrete diversion (1) 197 197 255 255 197 197 224 224 127 127 201 201 219 199 199 236 236 208 208 202 202 93 93 269 269 129 166 166 -- 247 247 422 -- .6 .6 2.4 .2 .2 1.2 1.9 266 266 238 238 209 209 417 372 372 8.1 8.1 8.2 8.6 8.2 8.1 8.1 - 2.1 2.1 250 436 8.0 T.6 N, R.l E. E. (2) Sec. 13, 13,T.6N,R.l (2) -- 5.3 3.2 8.7 2.5 2.5 127 127 292 192 192 87 87 225 225 521 521 329 138 138 7.7 8.0 7.4 7.5 7.5 Sec. T.6 N..R.1 N., R.l E. Sec. 3, 3,T.6 E. (2) (2) Sec. T.6 N., R.l E. (2) Sec. 1, 1,T.6N.,R.1E.(2) T.6 N., R.l E. (2) Sec. Sec. 16, 16,T.6N.,R.l (2) Sec. l,T.6N.,R.l E. (2) (2) Sec. 1, T.6 N., R.l E. -- .3 .3 -- -- -- Sec. N., R.l E. (2) Sec. 13,T.6 13,T.6N.,R.l (2) T.6 N., R.1 E., (2) Sec. Sec. 13, 13,T.6N.,R.l oo 85 A sulfate of about mg/l will A s u l f a t e concentration c o n c e n t r a t i o n of a b o u t 300 300 m g/l w i l l impart i m p a r t a bbitter i t t e r taste taste water water for ppeople tto o tthe he w a t e r and a n d tthe he w a t e r may m a y aact c t as a s a laxative l a x a t i v e for e o p l e nnot o t accustomed accustomed t o ddrinking r i n k i n g it. it. to Iron manganese I r o n aand nd m a n g a n e s e leave l e a v e stains s t a i n s of of oxide o x i d e on o n fabrics f a b r i c s aand n d on o n plumbplumb­ i n g fixture f i x t u r ess •. ing A w a t e r tthat h a t is i s safe s a f e for f o r drinking d r i n k i n g on o n the t h e basis b a s i s of of its i t s chemical c h e m i c a l compocompo­ A water ssition ition m a y nnot o t bbe e safe s a f e bbacteriologically. acteriologically. may B e s i d e s bbeing e i n g cchemically h e m i c a l l y safe safe BeSides ffor o r hhuman u m a n consumption c o n s u m p t i o n ,I w a t e r tto o bbe e uused s e d in i n tthe h e hhome o m e should s h o u l d bbe e free f r e e from from water uundesirable n d e s i r a b l e pphysical h y s i c a l pproperties r o p e r t i e s such s u c h aas s color c o l o r oorr tturbidity u r b i d i t y aand n d have h a v e no no uunpleasant n p l e a s a n t ttaste a s t e or o r odor. odor. absent. absent. H armful m i c r o o r g a n i s m s should s h o u l d bbe e virtually virtually Harmful microorganisms T h e ppresence r e s e n c e of armful m i c r o o r g a n i s m s iis s a very v e r y important important The of hharmful microorganisms c o n s iid d eeration. ration. cons T h e standard s t a n d a r d ttest e s t for f o r bbacteriological a c t e r i o l o g i c a l quality q u a l i t y iis s tthe h e ddetermination e t e r m i n a t i o n of The ccoliform o l i f o r m bbacteria a c t e r i a concentration. concentration. T h e ccommon o m m o n species species E s c h e r i c h i o coli coli The Escherichio ooccurs c c u r s in i n greater g r e a t e r nnumbers u m b e r s in i n tthe h e iintestinal n t e s t i n a l ttracts r a c t s of of w a r m - b l o o d e d animals, animals, warm-blooded a n d tthe h e ppresence r e s e n c e of of tthese h e s e aand n d rrelated e l a t e d bbacteria a c t e r i a in in w a t e r iis s ggenerally e n e r a l l y concon­ and water s i d e r e d an a n iindex n d e x of of fecal f e c a l pollution. pollution. sidered In Division In May M a y 1970, 1 9 7 0 , tthe h e Utah Utah D i v i s i o n of of Health H e a l t h began b e g a n bacteriological bacteriological e x a m i n a t i o n s bby y m e m b r a n e filter. filter. examinations membrane h i s method m e t h o d , coliform c o l i f o r m ccolonies o l o n i e s filterfilter­ By tthis f ed mll sample Water more e d from from eeach a c h 50 50 m s a m p l e are a r e ccounted. ounted. W a t e r tthat h a t contains contains m o r e tthan h a n one one ccoliform o l i f o r m colony c o l o n y pper e r 100 1 0 0 ml (one ( o n e colony c o l o n y in i n ttwo w o 50 5 0 ml samples) s a m p l e s ) iis s unsatisunsatis­ ffactory. actory. 86 86 Dome D o m e sstic t i c Use Use The water Ogden T h e ground ground w a t e r iin n O g d e n Valley V a l l e y is i s bbicarbonate i c a r b o n a t e iin n type t y p e except e x c e p t near near Liberty tthe h e ttown o w n of of L i b e r t y (plate ( p l a t e 4). 4). The T h e pprincipal r i n c i p a l ssources o u r c e s of of calcium, c a l c i u m , magnesium, magnesium, and a n d carbonates c a r b o n a t e s are a r e limestones l i m e s t o n e s and a n d dolomites. dolomites. In Ogden most In O g d e n Valley, Valley, m o s t of of the the Paleozoic P a l e o z o i c rrocks o c k s cconsist o n s i s t of of limestones l i m e s t o n e s and a n d ddolomites. olomites. These T h e s e rrocks o c k s contricontri­ River. bbute u t e substantial s u b s t a n t i a l amounts a m o u n t s of of carbonate c a r b o n a t e tto o South S o u t h Fork F o r k Ogden Ogden R iver. The The increasing wells i n c r e a s i n g bbicarbonate i c a r b o n a t e content c o n t e n t iin n w e l l s southeast s o u t h e a s t of of Huntsville H u n t s v i l l e may m a y be be e x p l a i n e d bby y direct d i r e c t rrecharge e c h a r g e of of tthe h e sseepage eepage w a t e r s from from South S o u t h Fork F o r k Ogden Ogden explained waters R iver. River. Most M o s t of of tthe h e water w a t e r has h a s a fairly f a i r l y low l o w concentration c o n c e n t r a t i o n of of dissolved d i s s o l v e d solids, solids, and a n d it i t is i s suitable s u i t a b l e for for most m o s t uuses s e s without w i t h o u t treatment. treatment. Nitrate matters, N i t r a t e iis s derived d e r i v e d principally p r i n c i p a l l y from from the t h e decay d e c a y of of organic organic m a t t e r s , from from wastes, tthe h e animal animal w a s t e s , and a n d from from nnitrate i t r a t e fertilizers. fertilizers. The T h e hhigh i g h nnitrate i t r a t e content content in well, may of tthese i n the the w e l l , (A-7-l) ( A - 7 - 1 ) 29 ada, ada, m a y bbe e derived d e r i v e d from from either e i t h e r one o n e of h e s e sources. sources. The wells, The w e l l s , (A-6-l) ( A - 6 - 1 ) 2 aab, a a b , (A-6-2) ( A - 6 - 2 ) 5 bbcc, c c , and a n d (A-6-2) ( A - 6 - 2 ) 7 aab, a a b , contain c o n t a i n relarela­ ttively i v e l y high h i g h concentrations c o n c e n t r a t i o n s of of nnitrate i t r a t e and a n d also a l s o ccoliform o l i f o r m bbacteria a c t e r i a (table ( t a b l e 17). 17). This may This m a y indicate i n d i c a t e tthat h a t bboth o t h nnitrate i t r a t e aand n d coliform c o l i f o r m bacteria b a c t e r i a are a r e derived d e r i v e d from from the t h e similar s i m i l a r sources. sources. These may T h e s e sources sources m a y include i n c l u d e privies, p r i v i e s , cesspools, c e s s p o o l s , or or barnyards. A ppositive barnyards. A o s i t i v e result r e s u l t from from aa bbacteriological a c t e r i o l o g i c a l analysis a n a l y s i s does d o e s not not necessarily n e c e s s a r i l y indicate i n d i c a t e a ppermanent e r m a n e n t pollution. p o l l u t i o n . More M o r e tests, t e s t s , preferably p r e f e r a b l y at at monthly more m o n t h l y intervals, i n t e r v a l s , are a r e rrequired e q u i r e d tto o rreach each a m o r e definite d e f i n i t e conclusion. conclusion. In water Ogden In general, g e n e r a l , tthe h e ground ground w a t e r iin n O g d e n Valley V a l l e y is i s chemically c h e m i c a l l y safe s a f e and and would most without w o u l d meet meet m o s t requirements r e q u i r e m e n t s for f o r domestic d o m e s t i c ppurposes urposes w i t h o u t treatment. treatment. 87 T a b l e 17 1 7 .. R e s uult l t ss of of bacteriological b a c t e r i o l o g i c a l ana a n a l yysis s i s of of water w a t e r sam s a mples ples Table Res from w e l l s in i n Ogden O g d e n Va V alle l l ey. y. from wells (Analyses w e r e made m a d e by by U t a h Division D i v i s i o n of of Hea H e a lth) lth) (Analyses were Utah W e lll l Location Location We D a t e of of C ollection Date Collection C o l i f o r m co c o llonies onies Coliform iin n sample sample Rating Rating (A ( A-- 6 - 11) ) 22aab aab ( A-- 66 - 22) ) Sbcc 5bcc (A (A ( A-- 66 - 22) ) 7aab 7aab ((AA--66-- 22)l6acc )16acc ( A -66 - 22)l6dad )16dad (A( A -66 -2 - 2 ))2 2 1Ibbb bbb (A((AA -77 - 1)20aaa l)20aaa ((A-7 A - 7-- l1)22ccd )22ccd ( A -7-1 7 - l ))229ada 9ada (A((AA--77 - l1)34bba )34bba 3 - 228 8 --11971 971 33 - 228 8 --11971 971 33 - 2288 - 11971 971 33-28 3 - 2 8 --1971 1971 3 - 228 8 --1 1 9971 71 333-2 - 2 88- 11971 971 33-2 - 2 88- 11971 971 33-2 - 2 88--11971 971 33-- 228-1 8 - 1 997 7 11 33-- 228 8 --11971 971 10 10 10 10 1 uU uU uU U nsatisfactory; U = uunsatisfactory; S = satisfactory satisfactory o0 o0 o0 o0 36 36 0 0 o o sS sS sS S s U u sS sS 88 88 Agricultural A g r i c u l t u r a l Use Use Water W a t e r rrequired e q u i r e d for for nondomestic n o n d o m e s t i c ppurposes u r p o s e s on o n ffarms a r m s and a n d rranches a n c h e s inin­ c l u d e s that t h a t consumed c o n s u m e d by b y livestock l i v e s t o c k and a n d that t h a t used u s e d ffor o r irrigation. irrigation. W a t e r to to eludes Water b e used u s e d by b y stock s t o c k is i s ssubject u b j e c t to t o quality q u a l i t y llimitations i m i t a t i o n s of of the t h e same s a m e type t y p e as a s those those be rrelating e l a t i n g tto o quality q u a l i t y of of drinking drinking w a t e r for f o r hhuman u m a n consumption. consumption. water M o s t animals, animals, Most hhowever, o w e v e r , are a r e aable b l e to t o uuse se w a t e r that t h a t is i s considerably c o n s i d e r a b l y hhigher i g h e r in i n dissolveddissolvedwater s o l i d s concentration c o n c e n t r a t i o n tthan h a n that t h a t which w h i c h is i s considered c o n s i d e r e d ssatisfactory a t i s f a c t o r y for for humans. humans. solids The of w water T h e chemical c h e m i c a l quality q u a l i t y of a t e r is i s an a n important i m p o r t a n t factor f a c t o r to t o bbe e considered considered i n evaluating e v a l u a t i n g iits t s usefulness u s e f u l n e s s ffor o r irrigation. i r r i g a t i o n . Vlhether W h e t h e r a pparticular articular w a t e r can can in water b e uused s e d ssuccessfully u c c e s s f u l l y ffor o r irrigation, i r r i g a t i o n , hhowever, o w e v e r , ddepend e p e n d ss on o n many m a n y ffactors a c t o r s not not be d i r e c t l y associated associated w ith w a t e r composition. composition. A d i s c u s s i o n of of these t h e s e factors factors directly with water A discussion i s beyond b e y o n d the t h e sscope c o p e of of tthis h i s report. report. is A diagram d i a g r a m widely w i d e l y uused s e d for f o r evaluating e v a l u a t i n g waters w a t e r s ffor o r irrigation, i r r i g a t i o n , published published b y tthe h e U.S. U . S . Salinity Salinity L a b o r a t o r y (1954), ( 1 9 5 4 ) , is i s adopted a d o p t e d in i n figure f i g u r e 15. 15. by Laboratory T h e concon­ The d u c t i v i t y , as a s aan n index i n d e x of of dissolved-solids d i s s o l v e d - s o l i d s concentration, c o n c e n t r a t i o n , is i s pplotted l o t t e d on o n one one ductivity, a x i s and a n d sodium-absorption-ratio s o d i u m - a b s o r p t i o n - r a t i o on o n the t h e other. other. axis T h e sodium-absorptionsodium-absorptionThe rratio a t i o (SAR) is i s defined d e f i n e d bby y the t h e relation: relation: + (Na ) SAR = (Ca M + + ) + (Mg 2 + + ) where milliequivalents w h e r e ion i o n concentrations c o n c e n t r a t i o n s are a r e expressed e x p r e s s e d in in m i l l i e q u i v a l e n t s pper e r liter liter (U.S. Laboratory ( U . S . Salinity Salinity L a b o r a t o r y sstaff, t a f f , 1954). 1954). For Valley, water from eleven wells F o r Ogden Ogden V a l l e y , the the w a t e r from eleven w e l l s and a n d ffour o u r streams s t r e a m s fits fits 89 100 2 3 4 5 6 789 1000 2 3 4 30 28 :::c CJ M • Wells 26 x Surface streams :::c 24 22 0 20 0:: « N « :r: 18 ~I ~I 0 2 ~ 0 w N 16 :?:: 14 0 (/) 12 10 8 so 6 ...J 4 2 • • •• :. :.·.r v 250 CONDUCTIVITY (Micromhos/cm at 25°C) 2 LOW MEDIUM 3 HIGH 4 VERY HIGH Figure F i g u r e 15. 1 5 . Diagram D i a g r a m showing s h o w i n g relation r e l a t i o n between b e t w e e n sodium-absorptionsodium-absorptionrratio a t i o and a n d conductivity c o n d u c t i v i t y of of water w a t e r from from wells w e l l s aand n d surface surface s t r e a m s ji nn Ogden O g d e n Valley V a l l e y , Utah. Utah. streams I 5000 90 90 mostly m o s t l y in i n the t h e low-sodium l o w - s o d i u m hazard h a z a r d class c l a s s (fig. ( f i g . 15). 15). Low-sodium L o w - s o d i u m hazard h a z a r d water water is i s usable u s a b l e on o n nearly n e a r l y all a l l soils s o i l s without w i t h o u t the t h e development d e v e l o p m e n t of harmful h a r m f u l amounts a m o u n t s of of e x c h a n g e a b l e sodium. sodium. exchangeable Iron I r o n Bacteria B a c t e r i a Problems P r o b l e m s in i n Ogden O g d e n Valley Valley Iron I r o n bacteria, b a c t e r i a , when w h e n present p r e s e n t in i n noticeable n o t i c e a b l e quantity, q u a n t i t y , may m a y cause c a u s e disdis­ coloration c o l o r a t i o n and a n d turbidity t u r b i d i t y which w h i c h result r e s u l t in i n taste t a s t e and a n d odor o d o r problems. problems. a l s o form slime s l i m e and a n d iron i r o n oxide o x i d e accumulations a c c u m u l a t i o n s iin n wells w e l l s and a n d pipes. pipes. also They T h e y may may T h e y may may They a l s o indirectly i n d i r e c t l y contribute c o n t r i b u t e corrosion c o r r o s i o n problems. p r o b l e m s . When W h e n ppresent r e s e n t in i n wells, w e l l s , they they also m a y seriously s e r i o u s l y restrict r e s t r i c t perforations, perforations, may w e l l screens, s c r e e n s , and a n d casings c a s i n g s and a n d reduce reduce well the t h e quantity q u a n t i t y of of water w a t e r available a v a i l a b l e from from the t h e source. source. Some S o m e forms f o r m s of of iron i r o n bbacteria a c t e r i a are a r e Gallionella G a l l i o n e l l a ferruginea, f e r r u g i n e a , Crenothrix Crenothrix pol p o l vspora, y s p o r a , and a n d Leptothrix L e p t o t h r i x ochracea. ochracea. Gallionella G a l l i o n e l l a occurs o c c u r s as a s ttwisted w i s t e d bands bands of of ferric f e r r i c hhydroxide y d r o x i d e and a n d Crenothrix C r e n o t h r i x and a n d Leptothrix L e p t o t h r i x are a r e long l o n g filament-like f i l a m e n t - l i k e tubes tubes containing which c o n t a i n i n g the t h e oorganisms rganisms w h i c h secrete s e c r e t e or o r pprecipitate r e c i p i t a t e iiron r o n hhydroxide y d r o x i d e iin n the the sheath of tthe s h e a t h of h e ttube. ube. Previous P r e v i o u s iinvestigations n v e s t i g a t i o n s hhave a v e iindicated n d i c a t e d tthat h a t the the from tthe of fferrous oorganisms r g a n i s m s oobtain b t a i n ttheir h e i r nnecessary e c e s s a r y eenergy n e r g y from h e ooxidation x i d a t i o n of e r r o u s iron iron of carbon from ccarbonates tto o fferric e r r i c iiron r o n and a n d of c a r b o n from a r b o n a t e s oor r ccarbon a r b o n ddioxide i o x i d e iin n tthe h e water. water. The manganese with T h e ssame a m e oorganisms r g a n i s m s ccan a n aalso l s o oxidize o x i d i z e ddissolved issolved m anganese w i t h a resulting resulting precipitate of m manganese p r e c i p i t a t e of a n g a n e s e hhydroxide y d r o x i d e iin n tthe h e sheath. sheath. The well T h e ffirst i r s t iiron r o n ooxide x i d e pproblem r o b l e m iin n tthe h e aartesian rtesian w e l l ssupply u p p l y tto o tthe h e City City of gden w a s rreported e p o r t e d iin n aabout b o u t 11951. 951. of O Ogden was qquite u i t e ssuddenly u d d e n l y iin n 1964. 1964. A a r g e iincrease ncrease w a s tthen h e n noticed noticed A llarge was 91 This T h i s ssudden u d d e n iincrease n c r e a s e iin n tthe h e pproblem r o b l e m aappeared p p e a r e d tto o ccOincidl8 o i n c i d e with with withdrawal from tthe well rrapid a p i d cchanges h a n g e s iin n tthe he w i t h d r a w a l rrate a t e from he w e l l ffield i e l d (Bnd «and was of ddislodging of tthe w a s pprobably r o b a b l y tthe h e rresult e s u l t of i s l o d g i n g llarge a r g e aamounts m o u n t s of h e bacbac­ tterial e r i a l ggrowth rowth w h i c h hhad a d aaccumulated c c u m u l a t e d eeither i t h e r iin n tthe he w e l l casings cssings which well oor r iin n tthe h e ppipe i p e ccollection o l l e c t i o n ssystem y s t e m bbetween e t w e e n tthe he w e l l ffield i e l d aa I1d nd well Dam Kelly, PPineviev,T ineview D a m ((Anderson A n d e r s o n aand nd K e l l y , 11968, 9 6 8 , pp.. 15). 15). Anderson Kelly of ffifteen water A n d e r s o n aand nd K e l l y ccollected o l l e c t e d aa ttotal o t a l of ifteen w a t e r ssamples a m p l e s in in for aanalysis of iiron 11967 9 6 7 for n a l y s i s tto o ddetermine e t e r m i n e tthe h e ppresence r e s e n c e oor r aabsence b s e n c e of r o n bacteria. bacteria. S amples w e r e ccollected o l l e c t e d from h e aartesian rtesian w e l l s ((composite c o m p o s i t e ssamples) a m p l e s ) at at Samples were from tthe wells Pineview Reservoir vvarious a r i o u s fflow l o w rrates, a t e s , ffrom rom P ineview R e s e r v o i r aatt vvarious a r i o u s ddepths, e p t h s , aand n d also also wells of PPineview Reservoir. ffrom r o m oother ther w e l l s aatt tthe h e pperiphery e r i p h e r y of ineview R eservoir. The T h e ssamples a m p l e s were were Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, tthen h e n ssent e n t tto o tthe he F ederal W ater P ollution C ontrol A d m i n i s t r a t i o n , DepartDepart­ ment of tthe Cincinnati, Ohio. m e n t of h e IInterior, n t e r i o r , aatt C incinnati, O hio. llogical o g i c a l analys2s a n a l y s e s iis s given g i v e n iin n table t a b l e 18. 18. A ssummary of tthe A u m m a r y of h e iiron r o n bacteriobacterio­ The of tthese T h e rresults e s u l t s of h e s e .analyses - a n a l y s e s concon­ f i r m tthe h e presence p r e s e n c e of i r o n bbacteria a c t e r i a iin n bboth o t h tthe h e water w a t e r of of P i n e v i e w Reservoir Reservoir firm of iron Pineview and wells a n d tthe h e discharge d i s c h a r g e from f r o m the t h e artesian artesian w e l l s bbut u t iindicates n d i c a t e s that t h a t iiron r o n bacteria bacteria c o n t a m i n a t i o n is i s essentially e s s e n t i a l l y absent a b s e n t from from other o t h e r wells w e l l s in i n tthe h e basin. basin. contamination The T h e bacteria b a c t e r i a Crenothrix C r e n o t h r i x polyspora p o l y s p o r a and a n d Gallionella G a l l i o n e l l a ferruginea f e r r u g i n e a are are typical t y p i c a l of of deposits d e p o s i t s that t h a t occur o c c u r and a n d grow g r o w in i n well w e l l waters. waters. The T h e bacterial b a c t e r i a l form form Leptothrix L e p t o t h r i x ochracea, o c h r a c e a , however, h o w e v e r , can c a n develop d e v e l o p in i n waters w a t e r s that t h a t are a r e well w e l l aerated aerated such s u c h as a s the t h e reservoir r e s e r v o i r water; w a t e r ; they t h e y use u s e organic o r g a n i c matter m a t t e r present p r e s e n t in i n the t h e reservoir reservoir water w a t e r to t o obtain o b t a i n energy e n e r g y for for growth. growth. The T h e occurrences o c c u r r e n c e s of of Leptothrix L e p t o t h r i x in i n the t h e discharge d i s c h a r g e from arte a r t e ssian i a n wells wells indicate i n d i c a t e that t h a t the t h e contamination c o n t a m i n a t i o n probably p r o b a b l y took t o o k place p l a c e after a f t e r the t h e filling f i l l i n g of of PinePine­ view v i e w Reservoir R e s e r v o i r due d u e to t o leakage l e a k a g e into i n t o the t h e pipe p i p e collection c o l l e c t i o n system. systerm. Since S i n c e the the 992 2 Table T a b l e 118. 8 . IIron r o n bbacteriological a c t e r i o l o g i c a l analyses. analyses. Anderson Kelly, Consultants ((Source: Source: A n d e r s o n aand nd K elly, C o n s u l t a n t s iin n Engineering Engineering Geology, Boise, aand nd G eology, B o i s e , IIdaho, d a h o , 1968) 1968) Source S ource Description Description Artesian Wells Composite A rtesian W ells C o m p o s i t e 9/1/67 9/1/67 Platn aatt FFilter ilter P l a t n Basement Basement S o m e ggroups r o u p s of e p t o t h r i x ochracea. ochracea. Some of LLeptothrix Artesian Wells Composite A rtesian W ells C o m p o s i t e 9/2/67 9/2/67 at Filter Plant Basement at Filter Plant Basement L e p t h o t h r i x oochracea c h r a c e a oor r oold l d empty empty LeDthothrix C r e n o t h r i x ppoJyspora o l y s p o r a sheaths. sheaths. Crenothrjx Artesian Wells Composite A rtesian W ells C o m p o s i t e aatt 18.5 18.5 Blackpoint ccff ss 99/11/67 / 1 1 / 6 7 aatt B l a c k p o i n t mainline mainline H e a v y ggrowth r o w t h of r e n o t h r i x polyspora polyspora Heavy of C Crenothrix and a n d ssome o m e Gallionella. Gallionella. Artesian Wells Composite A rtesian W ells C o m p o s i t e aatt 66 cfs cfs Blackpoint 99/11/67 / 1 1 / 6 7 aatt B l a c k p o i n t mainline mainline C r e n o t h r i x ppolyspora o l y s p o r a aand n d Gallionella Gallionella Crenothrix fferruginea. erruginea. Artesian Wells Composite 27 cfs A rtesian W ells C o m p o s i t e aatt 27 cfs Blackpoint 99/11/67 / 1 1 / 6 7 aatt B l a c k p o i n t mainline mainline Very of Crenothrix V e r y eextensive x t e n s i v e ggrowth r o w t h of Crenothrix ppolyspora. olyspora. l\rtesian A r t e s i a n Wells W e l l s Composite C o m p o s i t e at a t 26 cfs cfs 9/11/67 Filter 9 / 1 1 / 6 7 aatt F i l t e r Plant P l a n t Basement Basement P r o f u s e growth g r o w t h of of Crenothrix Crenothrix Profuse ppolyspora. olyspora. Artesian Wells A rtesian W e l l s Composite C o m p o s i t e at a t 26 cfs cfs 9/11/67 Blackpoint 9 / 1 1 / 6 7 at at B l a c k p o i n t mainline mainline C r e n o t h r i x ppolyspora, o l y s p o r a , Gallionella Gallionella Crenothrix a n d a few f e w Leptothrix L e p t o t h r i x ochra. ochra. and Artesian Composite A r t e s i a n ·Wells Wells C o m p o s i t e at a t 18.2 1 8 . 2 cfs cfs 99/12/67 / 1 2 / 6 7 at a t Filter F i l t e r Plant P l a n t Basement Basement C r e n o t h r i x ppolyspora o l y s p o r a and a n d a few few Crenothrix s t r a n d s of of Gallionella G a l l i o n e l l a ferruginea. ferruginea. strands Pineview P i n e v i e w Reservoir R e s e r v o i r at a t 10 1 0 '' depth depth 9/11/67 9/11/67 f e w Gallionella G a l l i o n e l l a and a n d Crenothrix. Crenothrix. A few Pineview Reservoir Pineview R e s e r v o i r at a t 60 6 0 'I depth depth (bottom) ( b o t t o m ) 9/11/67 9/11/67 G a l l i o n e l l a ferruginea f e r r u g i n e a and a n d some some Gallionella C r e n o t h r i x polyspora. polyspora. Crenothrix Surface S u r f a c e water w a t e r inlet i n l e t tto o treatment treatment plant p l a n t 9/11/67 9/11/67 f e w Gallionella G a l l i o n e l l a - extensive extensive A few precipitate p r e c i p i t a t e of of iron. iron. Treatment T r e a t m e n t plant p l a n t discharge d i s c h a r g e 9/11/67 9/11/67 V e r y few f e w iron i r o n bacteria. bacteria. Very U ..S.G.S. S . G . S . Well W e i l (A-6-l) ( A - 6 - 1 ) 11 cab-l cab-1 Many M a n y diatoms d i a t o m s (algal ( a l g a l forms) f o r m s ) •. > 93 93 T a b l e 18 18 -- continued c o n t i n u e d.. Table U.S F o r e s t Service S e r v i c e Well Well U S . Forest ((AA--66 - 11)) 13 13 dee d e c 9/12/67 9/12/67 Broken B r o k e n fragments f r a g m e n t s of of Crenothrix Crenothrix or o r algal a l g a l materia m a t e r i al. l. U .• S F o r e s t Service S e r v i c e We W ell ll U S.. Forest ( A-- 66 - 1l)) 10 10 ddb d d b 9/12/67 9/12/67 (A No N o iron i r o n bacteria b a c t e r i a in i n sampl s a m p le. e. 994 4 Pineview cconfining o n f i n i n g llayer a y e r separating s e p a r a t i n g tthe h e artesian a r t e s i a n reservoir r e s e r v o i r aand nd P i n e v i e w Reservoir Reservoir i s essentially e s s e n t i a l l y impervious, i m p e r v i o u s , the t h e downward d o w n w a r d leakage l e a k a g e from from tthe h e surface s u r f a c e reserreser­ is vvoir o i r iinto n t o tthe h e aartesian r t e s i a n rreservoir e s e r v o i r iis s unlikely. unlikely. Correction C o r r e c t i o n of of iiron r o n bbacteria a c t e r i a pproblems r o b l e m s such s u c h aas s in i n tthe h e artesian a r t e s i a n wells wells of Ogden may of O g d e n Valley Valley m a y bbe e aaccomplished c c o m p l i s h e d with w i t h oone n e of of the t h e ffollowing o l l o w i n g methods: methods: r e a t m e n t of of existing existing w e l l s with w i t h some some m e a n s of of disinfection d i s i n f e c t i o n to t o prevent prevent (1) ttreatment wells means tthe h e bbacterial a c t e r i a l growth; g r o w t h ; (2) removal r e m o v a l of a c t e r i a l ddeposits e p o s i t s bby y ffiltration i l t r a t i o n or o r other other of bbacterial ttreatment r e a t m e n t pprior r i o r to t o pplacing l a c i n g tthe h e water w a t e r iinto n t o tthe h e Ogden O g d e n City C i t y distribution d i s t r i b u t i o n system; system; a n d (3) abandoning a b a n d o n i n g tthe h e contaminated contaminated w e l l s and a n d drilling d r i l l i n g nnew ew w ells. and wells wells. The The first m e t h o d was w a s rrather a t h e r iimpractical m p r a c t i c a l bbecause e c a u s e of of tthe h e inaccessibility i n a c c e s s i b i l i t y of of the the first method artesian w e l l s uunder nder P i n e v i e w Reservoir. Reservoir. artesian wells Pineview T h e filtration f i l t r a t i o n oorr tthe h e other o t h e r means means The of rremoval e m o v a l of of bbacterial a c t e r i a l ggrowth r o w t h from he w a t e r at a t tthe h e Ogden O g d e n City C i t y treatment treatment of from tthe water pplant lant w e r e ppossible. ossible. were T h e rremaining e m a i n i n g uuseful s e f u l life l i f e of of the t h e existing e x i s t i n g wells, w e l l s , howhow­ The ever, w a s cconsidered o n s i d e r e d tto o bbe e short. short. ever, was R e p l a c i n g tthe h e existing existing w e l l s with w i t h new new Replacing wells w ells w o u l d pprovide rovide w a t e r ffree r e e from h e iiron r o n bbacteria a c t e r i a pproblem. roblem. T h e new new wells would water from tthe The w ells w e r e tthen h e n drilled d r i l l e d at a t tthe h e Camp C a m p Browning B r o w n i n g area. area. wells were As soon s o o n as a s tthe h e new new w e l l s aare r e pput u t iinto n t o ooperation, p e r a t i o n , the t h e old old w ells w i l l be b e pplugged l u g g e d aand n d abandoned. abandoned. wells wells will Quality Relation Q u a l i t y in in R e l a t i o n tto o Geology Geology The most T h e uultimate l t i m a t e source s o u r c e of of m o s t dissolved d i s s o l v e d ions i o n s iis s tthe h e mineral m i n e r a l assemblage assemblage in i n rrocks. ocks. The T h e iimportance m p o r t a n c e of of rrock o c k composition, c o m p o s i t i o n , hhowever, o w e v e r , is i s only o n l y ppart a r t of tthe h e story. story. The minerals, T h e ppurity u r i t y aand n d crystal c r y s t a l size s i z e of of m i n e r a l s , tthe h e rrock o c k texture t e x t u r e and and 95 p o r o s i t y ,I the t h e regional r e g i o n a l structure s t r u c t u r e ,I the t h e degree d e g r e e of fissuring f i s s u r i n g ,I and a n d a good g o o d numnum­ porosity ber b e r of of other o t h e r factors f a c t o r s might m i g h t influence i n f l u e n c e the t h e composition c o m p o s i t i o n of of water w a t e r passing p a s s i n g over over a n d through t h r o u g h ' tthe h e rock. rock. and r o c k s of of relatively r e l a t i v e l y low l o w permeability p e r m e a b i l i t y ,I the t h e movemove­ In rocks m e n t of of water w a i t e r is i s slow s l o w and a n d there t h e r e is i s a considerable c o n s i d e r a b l e time t i m e available a v a i l a b l e for comcom­ ment p l e t i o n of of slow s l o w chemical c h e m i c a l reactions. reactions. pletion T h e northwestern n o r t h w e s t e r n extension e x t e n s i o n of of Ogden O g d e n Valley V a l l e y is i s largely l a r g e l y surrounded s u r r o u n d e d by by The P r e c a m b r i a n quartzites. quartzites. Precambrian T h e s e rocks r o c k s generally g e n e r a l l y consist c o n s i s t of of insoluble i n s o l u b l e minmin­ These e r a l s (mos ( m o s ttly l y quartz) q u a r t z ) and a n d are a r e strongly s t r o n g l y fractured f r a c t u r e d and a n d jjOinted. o i n t e d . The T h e lack l a c k of of erals s o l u b i l i t y of of minerals m i n e r a l s and a n d fast f a s t movement m o v e m e n t of of water w a t e r through t h r o u g h fractures f r a c t u r e s and and solubility j o i n t s prevent p r e v e n t contribution c o n t r i b u t i o n of of dissolved d i s s o l v e d ions i o n s from from the t h e rocks. r o c k s . The T h e North North Joints F o r k Ogden O g d e n River R i v e r and a n d its i t s tributary t r i b u t a r y streams s t r e a m s pass p a s s over o v e r these t h e s e rocks r o c k s and a n d disdis­ Fork s o l v e very v e r y small s m a l l amounts a m o u n t s of of ions. ions. solve The w e l l s llocated ocated w i t h i n tthe h e area a r e a rere­ The wells within c h a r g e d from f r o m North North F o r k also a l s o contain c o n t a i n vvery e r y small s m a l l amounts a m o u n t s of of dissolved d i s s o l v e d solids. solids. charged Fork M o s t of of tthe h e soluble s o l u b l e rrocks o c k s are a r e exposed e x p o s e d along a l o n g tthe h e eastern e a s t e r n and a n d southsouth­ Mosi: eastern where Paleozoic e a s t e r n ppalfts a r t s of of Ogden O g d e n Valley Valley w h e r e the the P a l e o z o i c llimestones i m e s t o n e s aand n d dolomites dolomites crop c r o p oout. ut. These major of bbicarbonate T h e s e rrocks o c k s pprovide rovide a m a j o r ssource o u r c e of i c a r b o n a t e tto o South S o u t h Fork Fork Ogden River. Ogden R iver. The major of rrecharge water-table T he m a j o r ssource o u r c e of e c h a r g e tto o tthe he w a t e r - t a b l e aaquifer q u i f e r iin n the the southeastern of O Ogden Valley s o u t h e a s t e r n ppart a r t of gden V a l l e y aand n d aalso l s o tto o tthe h e aartesian r t e s i a n aaquifer q u i f e r iis s the the sseepage eepage w . a t e r s of South F ork O gden R iver. w,aters of South Fork Ogden River. P l a t e 4 sshows h o w s tthat h a t tthe h e wells wells Plate llocated ocated w i t h i n tthe h e aarea r e a of e c h a r g e from outh F o r k sshow h o w rrelatively e l a t i v e l y high high wii:hin of rrecharge from SSouth Fork cconcentrat:ions o n c e n t r a t i o n s of i s s o l v e d solids. solids. of ddissolved LOADING L O A D I N G BY PINEVIEW P I N E V I E W RESERVOIR In November Reservoir In N o v e m b e r 1936, 1 9 3 6 , tthe h e ffilling i l l i n g of of Pineview Pineview R e s e r v o i r created c r e a t e d a unique unique situation s i t u a t i o n by b y adding a d d i n g a lload o a d on o n tthe h e uunderlying n d e r l y i n g aartesian r t e s i a n aquifer. aquifer. Thus, T h u s , with with of rreservoir tthe h e rrise i s e of e s e r v o i r llevel, e v e l , tthe h e aartesian r t e s i a n aquifer a q u i f e r compressed c o m p r e s s e d and a n d tthe h e water water l e v e l s in i n tthe he w e l l s started s t a r t e d tto o rrise. ise. levels wells S i n c e the t h e ooriginal r i g i n a l filling, f i l l i n g , the t h e reserreser­ Since vvoir o i r has h a s bbeen e e n eemptied m p t i e d tto o ppermit e r m i t enlarging e n l a r g i n g tthe h e ddam, a m , rrefilled e f i l l e d to t o a higher higher level, l e v e l , and a n d iin n 1970 1 9 7 0 eemptied m p t i e d aagain g a i n tto o ppermit e r m i t construction c o n s t r u c t i o n of of a steel s t e e l conduit conduit to water t o ccollect o l l e c t tthe he w a t e r from from the t h e nnew e w rreplacement e p l a c e m e n t wells wells. of tthe . In In tthe h e hhistory i s t o r y of h e artesian a r t e s i a n aquifer, a q u i f e r , in i n Ogden O g d e n Valley, V a l l e y , we w e can c a n distinguish distinguish five f i v e ddifferent i f f e r e n t pphases. hases. These T h e s e pphases h a s e s include: i n c l u d e : (1) the t h e cconditions o n d i t i o n s bbefore e f o r e the the c o n s t r u c t i o n of of Pineview Pineview D a m ; (2) tthe h e cconditions o n d i t i o n s dduring u r i n g 1937-56 1937-56 w h e n the the co~struction Dam; when m a x i m u m storage s t o r a g e capacity c a p a c i t y of ineview R eservoir w a s 44,170 4 4 , 1 7 0 acre-feet; acre-feet; maximum of PPineview Reservoir was t h e ddraining r a i n i n g of of tthe h e surface s u r f a c e rreservoir e s e r v o i r in i n 1957 1 9 5 7 ffor o r tthe h e ppurpose u r p o s e of of enlarging enlarging (3) the i t s capacity; c a p a c i t y ; (4) the t h e filling f i l l i n g of h e enlarged e n l a r g e d rreservoir e s e r v o i r tto o a m a x i m u m capacity capacity its of tthe maximum of 1 1 0,100 0 , 1 0 0 acre-feet a c r e - f e e t dduring u r i n g 1957-70; 1 9 5 7 - 7 0 ; and a n d (5) tthe h e draining d r a i n i n g of of the t h e surface surface of 11 November rreservoir e s e r v o i r for f o r tthe h e second s e c o n d ttime i m e in in N o v e m b e r 1970. 1970. In order In o r d e r to t o show s h o w the the effects Reservoir e f f e c t s of of lloading o a d i n g bby y Pineview Pineview R e s e r v o i r during d u r i n g the t h e early e a r l y stages s t a g e s of of the the artesian we will well, a r t e s i a n aaquifer q u i f e r hhistory, istory, w e w i l l rrefer e f e r tto o the t h e Tower Tower w e l l , (A-6-1) ( A - 6 - 1 ) 12 aad-l. aad-1. T he T ower w ell w a s constructed c o n s t r u c t e d in i n 1932 1 9 3 2 and a n d the the w a t e r levels l e v e l s in i n this t h i s well well The Tower well was water w a s recorded r e c o r d e d bby y a float-type f l o a t - t y p e automatic automatic w a t e r - l e v e l recorder r e c o r d e r uuntil n t i l 1955. 1955. was water-level During water well D u r i n g 1933,1935, 1 9 3 3 , 1 9 3 5 , and a n d 1936 1 9 3 6 tthe he w a t e r level l e v e l in i n tthe h e Tower Tower w e l l reached reached a maximum m a x i m u m stage s t a g e of of about a b o u t 4,875 4 , 8 7 5 feet f e e t above a b o v e sea s e a level l e v e l (fig. ( f i g . 14). 1 4 ) . Prior P r i o r to to 1937, was of tthe 1 9 3 7 , tthere here w a s nno o external e x t e r n a l load l o a d on o n top t o p of h e artesian a r t e s i a n aaquifer q u i f e r eexcept x c e p t the the 97 97 weight of tthe w e i g h t of h e ooverlying v e r l y i n g sediments. sediments. In November of tthe In N o v e m b e r 1936 1 9 3 6 a nnew e w pphase h a s e sstarted t a r t e d in i n tthe h e hhistory i s t o r y of h e artesian artesian aquifer. When Pineview water, aquifer. W hen P i n e v i e w Dam D a m sstarted t a r t e d tto o iimpound mpound w a t e r , an a n external e x t e r n a l prespres­ sure w a s ggradually r a d u a l l y applied a p p l i e d to t o the t h e uunderlying n d e r l y i n g aartesian r t e s i a n aquifer. aquifer. sure was T h e maximaxi­ The m u m ppressure ressure w a s reached reached w h e n tthe h e rreservoir eservoir w a s ffilled i l l e d tto o iits t s ttotal o t a l capacapa­ mum was when was ccity i t y of of 444,170 4 , 1 7 0 acre-feet a c r e - f e e t in i n 1938. 1938 . P a r t of t h e additional a d d i t i o n a l ppressure r e s s u r e exerted e x e r t e d on o n the the Part ofthe a r t e s i a n aaquifer quifer w a s bborne o r n e bby y tthe h e structural s t r u c t u r a l sskeleton k e l e t o n of of tthe h e aquifer a q u i f e r and a n d the the artesian was rest w a s bborne o r n e bby y tthe h e cconfined onfined w ater. rest was water. T h e sand, s a n d , hhowever, o w e v e r , is i s incompetent incompetent The without tto o support s u p p o r t even e v e n a slight s l i g h t additional a d d i t i o n a l lload oad w i t h o u t ccompression. ompression. During D u r i n g comcom­ ppression, r e s s i o n , tthe he w a t e r iis s fforced o r c e d tto o eescape s c a p e from h e vvoids o i d s of h e sediments, sediments, water from tthe of tthe and a n d some s o m e pparticles a r t i c l e s aare r e forced f o r c e d into i n t o nnew e w ppositions o s i t i o n s tthus h u s reducing r e d u c i n g tthe h e porosity porosity of material. of the t h e aquifer aquifer m aterial. The T h e ccompression o m p r e s s i o n of of tthe h e aaquifer q u i f e r ccauses a u s e s a rrise i s e in in water well maximum when w a t e r level l e v e l in i n tthe he w e l l tthat h a t rreaches eaches a m aximum w h e n tthe h e external e x t e r n a l lload o a d is is maximum. m aximum. The of tthis T h e nnet e t rresult e s u l t of h i s pphenomenon h e n o m e n o n may m a y bbe e observed o b s e r v e d iin n ffigure i g u r e 14. 14. VVhen maximum W h e n tthe h e surface s u r f a c e reservoir r e s e r v o i r rreached e a c h e d iits ts m a x i m u m ccapacity a p a c i t y in i n 1938, 1 9 3 8 , the the water well maximum w a t e r llevel e v e l iin n tthe h e Tower Tower w e l l rreached eached a m a x i m u m sstage t a g e of of 44,889 , 8 8 9 feet f e e t above above sea s e a level. level. This maximum T h i s is i s 14 14 feet f e e t hhigher i g h e r tthan h a n tthe h e pprevious revious m a x i m u m stage s t a g e recorded recorded iin n 1933,1935, 1 9 3 3 , 1 9 3 5 , aand n d 1936. 1936. Thomas T h o m a s (1953), ( 1 9 5 3 ) , uusing s i n g tthe h e records r e c o r d s of of tthe h e Tower Tower w e l l , ddetermined e t e r m i n e d tthe h e loading l o a d i n g effect e f f e c t of of Pineview P i n e v i e w Reservoir R e s e r v o i r oon n tthe h e artesian artesian well, aquifer of tthe a q u i f e r dduring u r i n g tthis h i s pphase h a s e of h e aaquifer q u i f e r hhistory. istory. He H e ffound o u n d out o u t that, t h a t , oon n the the aaverage, v e r a g e , aan n increase i n c r e a s e iin n ssurface u r f a c e rreservoir e s e r v o i r sstorage t o r a g e amounting a m o u n t i n g tto o 33,000 , 0 0 0 acreacre- feet will water Tower well feet w i l l cause c a u s e tthe he w a t e r llevel e v e l iin n tthe he T ower w e l l tto o rrise i s e oone n e foot. foot. 98 98 Early was E a r l y in i n 1957, 1 9 5 7 , tthe h e ssurface u r f a c e rreservoir eservoir w a s ddrained r a i n e d to t o iincrease n c r e a s e the the hheight e i g h t of of tthe h e dam d a m aand n d tthus h u s the t h e ccapacity a p a c i t y of t h e rreservoir. eservoir. of the W h e n tthe h e load load VVben o n aan n aartesian r t e s i a n aquifer a q u i f e r iis s rreduced e d u c e d tto o zzero, e r o , tthe h e soil s o i l pparticles articles w i l l ttend e n d to to on will rreturn e t u r n tto o ttheir h e i r former f o r m e r ppositions. ositions. T h i s rreleases e l e a s e s ppore o r e space s p a c e tthat h a t can c a n now now This bbe e rreoccupied e o c c u p i e d bby y w ater m o v i n g into i n t o tthe h e ppart a r t of h e formation f o r m a t i o n that t h a t was was water moving of tthe iinfluenced n f l u e n c e d bby y tthe h e ppre'J'ious r e v i o u s compression. compression. T h i s expansion e x p a n s i o n of of the t h e aquifer a q u i f e r is is This accompanied water well. a c c o m p a n i e d bby y a ddecline e c l i n e of of tthe he w a t e r level l e v e l in i n the the w ell. Figure F i g u r e 13 shows shows t h a t tthe he w a t e r llevel e v e l in i n tthe h e test test w e l l , (A-6-l) ( A - 6 - 1 ) 11 cab-I, c a b - 1 , rreached e a c h e d a minimini­ that water well, mum stage s t a g e of 4 , 8 4 6 feet f e e t (70 feet f e e t bbelow e l o w datum d a t u m of of 44,916 , 9 1 6 feet) f e e t ) above a b o v e sea sea mum of 4,846 l e v e l iin n early e a r l y 1957. 1957. level As soon s o o n as a s tthe h e eenlargement nlargement w ork w a s completed c o m p l e t e d in i n 1957, 1 9 5 7 , tthe h e dam dam work was water. sstarted t a r t e d tto o iimpound mpound w ater. However, H o w e v e r , tthe h e surface s u r f a c e rreservoir e s e r v o i r did d i d nnot o t reach reach tto o iits ts m a x i m u m storage s t o r a g e capacity c a p a c i t y of 1 1 0 , 1 0 0 acre-feet a c r e - f e e t uuntil n t i l 1962. 1962. maximum of 110,100 this As this maximum was water m aximum w a s rreached, e a c h e d , tthe he w a t e r level l e v e l iin n tthe h e test t e s t well, w e l l , (A-6-l) ( A - 6 - 1 ) 11 cab-I, cab-1, bbegan e g a n tto o rrise i s e (fig. ( f i g . 13). 13). The Pineview T h e loading l o a d i n g effect e f f e c t of of P i n e v i e w Reservoir R e s e r v o i r on o n tthe h e uunderlying n d e r l y i n g artesian artesian aquifer may with well, aquifer m a y bbe e bbest e s t illustrated illustrated w i t h rreference e f e r e n c e tto o tthe h e test test w e l l , (A-6-1) (A-6-1) 11 cab-l The Pineview water c a b - 1 .• T h e rrecord e c o r d ss for f o r bboth oth P i n e v i e w storage s t o r a g e and and w a t e r level l e v e l iin n the the test w e l l are a r e available a v a i l a b l e for t h e pperiod e r i o d 1960-69. 1960-69. test well for the In order o r d e r tto o establish e s t a b l i s h the the In most m o s t rreliable e l i a b l e ccorrelation o r r e l a t i o n bbetween e t w e e n the t h e ttwo, w o , tthe h e measurements m e a s u r e m e n t s ttaken a k e n on o n the the same will s a m e day day w i l l bbe e considered. considered. Since of PPineview S i n c e the t h e storage s t o r a g e of i n e v i e w Reservoir Reservoir will ddoes o e s nnot o t cchange h a n g e within w i t h i n a short s h o r t pperiod, e r i o d , tthe h e lag lag w i l l bbe e negligible. negligible. 999 9 In the t h e following f o l l o w i n g analysis, a n a l y s i s , a statistical s t a t i s t i c a l technique, t e c h n i q u e , rregression e g r e s s i o n method, method, w i l l bbe e used. used. will l i n e a r relationship r e l a t i o n s h i p between b e t w e e n the t h e reservoir r e s e r v o i r storage s t o r a g e and a n d the the A linear w a t e r level l e v e l in i n the t h e test test w e l l does d o e s exist. exist. water well o b t a i n e d uusing s i n g the t h e model model Y = = a + + bX. bX. obtained T h e regression r e g r e s s i o n eequation quation w i l l be be The will T h e dependent d e p e n d e n t vvariable, a r i a b l e , Y, will will The d e n o t e the t h e water w a t e r level l e v e l observations o b s e r v a t i o n s in i n the t h e test t e s t well w e l l and a n d tthe h e independent independent denote vvariable, a r i a b l e , X, will w i l l denote d e n o t e the t h e storage s t o r a g e of of Pineview P i n e v i e w Reservoir. Reservoir. T h e line l i n e obob­ The t a i n e d bby y plotting p l o t t i n g Y-values Y - v a l u e s against a g a i n s t X-values X - v a l u e s will w i l l be b e characterized c h a r a c t e r i z e d bby y its its tained i n t e r c e p t , a , and a n d slope, s l o p e , bb.. intercept, I F r o m the t h e slope s l o p e of of the t h e line, line, w e ccan a n establish establish From we t h e desired d e s i r e d relationship r e l a t i o n s h i p between b e t w e e n the t h e reservoir r e s e r v o i r storage s t o r a g e aand n d tthe h e fluctuations fluctuations the of w a t e r level l e v e l in i n the t h e well. well. of water The of computations The T h e result r e s u l t of c o m p u t a t i o n s is i s shown s h o w n in i n figure f i g u r e 16. 16 . T h e pposition o s i t i o n of of the the r e g r e s s i o n line l i n e is i s obtained obtained w i t h the t h e aid a i d of of computer, c o m p u t e r , which w h i c h gives g i v e s a greater g r e a t e r dede­ regression with g r e e of of accuracy. a c c u r a c y . The T h e line l i n e thus t h u s determined d e t e r m i n e d is i s defined d e f i n e d by b y tthe h e following f o l l o w i n g equation: equation: gree Y = 44853.42 853.42 + + .21 .21 X Y= W h e r e 4853.42 4 8 5 3 . 4 2 is i s altitude a l t i t u d e of of w a t e r in i n well w e l l and a n d .21 . 2 1 is i s slope s l o p e of h e line. line. Where water of tthe The T h e slope s l o p e of of the t h e line l i n e may m a y be b e defined d e f i n e d as a s 6.,Y/b..X, A Y / A X , where: where: 6.Y water A Y = change c h a n g e in in w a t e r level l e v e l in i n the t h e test t e s t well, w e l l , in i n feet feet 6X AX = = change c h a n g e in i n rreservoir e s e r v o i r storage, s t o r a g e , in i n acre-feet acre-feet since since AY/AX = = .21 .21 6Y/6.X therefore, t h e r e f o r e , a rrise i s e of of water w a t e r level l e v e l in i n the t h e test t e s t well w e l l bby y one o n e ffoot o o t ccorresponds o r r e s p o n d s to to an a n increase i n c r e a s e of of rreservoir e s e r v o i r storage s t o r a g e bby y 4,800 4 , 8 0 0 acre-feet. acre-feet. This T h i s is, i s , however, however, greater g r e a t e r than t h a n what w h a t l'homas T h o m a s (1953) ( 1 9 5 3 ) found f o u n d (3, ( 3 , 0000 0 0 acre-feet). acre-feet). { The T h e aabsence b s e n c e of of 4900 ---. 4890 Qi >J 0> . . ·~ ~ ~ . . ·· • . .. OJ ....J co g OJ 4880 Vl OJ > 0 .0 co ....OJ 4870 OJ l.L -Qi ~ 4860 OJ ..r::: .... .~ 4850 OJ > ....J ~. . .· ---'-----.. 0 .... - ; • OJ . .. . .. . . . . . ........ ~ ~ . • ~ . .· . . . -L---. . · . . ·· . .. • · 0 ---- ....OJco 4840 ~ 4830 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 100 90 110 120 33 Reservoir Storage, Acre-Feet X 10 10 Figure of w water F i g u r e 16. 1 6 . Relation R e l a t i o n of a t e r llevel e v e l in i n tthe h e ttest e s t well, w e l l , ((A-6-l) A - 6 - 1 ) 11 cab-I, cab-1, tto o storage s t o r a g e iin n Pineview P i n e v i e w Reservoir. Reservoir. ...... o o 101 101 correspondence c o r r e s p o n d e n c e is i s probably p r o b a b l y caused c a u s e d by b y the t h e effect e f f e c t of of withdrawals w i t h d r a w a l s from from the the artesian a r t e s i a n wells. wells. The T h e Tower T o w e r well w e l l is i s sufficiently s u f f i c i e n t l y distant d i s t a n t from from the t h e Artesian Artesian P a r k area a r e a and a n d it i t is i s less l e s s affected a f f e c t e d by b y the t h e discharge d i s c h a r g e from from the t h e artesian a r t e s i a n wells. wells. Park Whereas W h e r e a s the t h e test t e s t well, w e l l , (A-6-l) ( A - 6 - 1 ) 11 cab-I, c a b - 1 , is i s closer c l o s e r to t o the t h e Artesian A r t e s i a n Park Park a r e a and a n d more m o r e load l o a d will w i l l be b e required r e q u i r e d to t o overcome o v e r c o m e the t h e decline d e c l i n e caused c a u s e d by b y the the area a r t e s i a n wells. wells. artesian Toward T o w a r d the t h e end e n d of of October O c t o b e r 1970, 1 9 7 0 , Pineview P i n e v i e w Reservoir R e s e r v o i r was w a s drained drained for f o r the t h e purpose p u r p o s e of of installing i n s t a l l i n g a new n e w pipe p i p e line l i n e for f o r the t h e nnew e w replacement replacement wells w e l l s at a t tthe h e Camp C a m p Browning B r o w n i n g area. area. Before B e f o r e the t h e storage s t o r a g e bbegan, e g a n , the t h e author, author, w i t h the t h e help h e l p of of U .. SS.. Geological G e o l o g i c a l Survey, S u r v e y , iinstalled n s t a l l e d a recorder r e c o r d e r on o n the t h e test test with well, Huntsville w e l l , (A-6( A - 6 - 22)) 18 bbab-l, a b - 1 , at at H u n t s v i l l e iin n oorder r d e r tto o rrecord e c o r d tthe h e cchanges h a n g e s of of tthe he w a t e r llevel e v e l iin n tthe h e ttest est w e l l dduring u r i n g tthe h e ffilling i l l i n g of h e rreservoir. eservoir. water well of tthe The The attempt w a s oonly n l y ppartially a r t i a l l y ssuccessful u c c e s s f u l for h e rrecorder e c o r d e r oobtained b t a i n e d records records attempt was for tthe ffor o r pparts a r t s of a n u a r y ,I F e b r u a r y , and and M a r c h bbut u t ddid i d nnot o t rrecord e c o r d tthe h e changes changes of JJanuary February, March most of A April iin n m o s t of p r i l aand n d May. May. VVhen of w water were W h e n tthe h e aavailable v a i l a b l e rrecords e c o r d s of a t e r llevels evels w e r e pplotted l o t t e d aagainst g a i n s t the the was rreservoir e s e r v o i r sstorage t o r a g e ((fig. f i g . 17) a ggood o o d llinear i n e a r rrelationship elationship w a s oobserved. bserved. This This whose llinear i n e a r rrelationship e l a t i o n s h i p iis s ddefined e f i n e d bby y aa sstraight t r a i g h t lline ine w h o s e eequation q u a t i o n was: was: y= + ..208 X Y = 44876.75 876.75 + 208 X Since of tthe of tthe S i n c e tthe h e sslope l o p e of h e lline i n e iis s tthe h e ssame a m e aas s tthe h e sslope l o p e of h e lline i n e iin n figure figure wells 116, 6 , iit t iis, s , ttherefore h e r e f o r e , I oobvious b v i o u s tthat h a t bboth oth w e l l s rreact e a c t ssimilarly i m i l a r l y tto o lloading o a d i n g by by PPineview i n e v i e w Reservoir. Reservoir. 4897 • 4892 ~ a; > ~ 4887 C'(I 51 Q) ::- 0 .0 ...cu C'(I Q) LL. q; 4882 ;: ... Q) .r:. .5: a; ::- ~ ... ... Q) 4877 R i-'" / L,..........- / l-/ ~ V. ~ ../ V V V .,.,..... .,..... V •• C'(I 3': 5 10 1 5 15 20 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 65 70 Reservoir storage, Acre-feet X 10 103 .. 3 Figure Relation F i g u r e 17. 17. R e l a t i o n of of water w a t e r level l e v e l in i n the t h e test t e s t well, w e l l , (A-6-2) ( A - 6 - 2 ) 18 bab-l, b a b - 1 , to t o storage s t o r a g e in in Pineview P i n e v i e w Reservoir. Reservoir. ...... o N 103 103 Some S o m e of the t h e conclusions c o n c l u s i o n s drawn d r a w n from these t h e s e studies s t u d i e s may m a y be b e summarized summarized a s follows: follows: as 1. 1. The T h e application a p p l i c a t i o n of of varying v a r y i n g loads l o a d s on o n an a n artesian a r t e s i a n aquifer a q u i f e r causes causes a certain c e r t a i n amount a m o u n t of compression c o m p r e s s i o n of the t h e water-bearing w a t e r - b e a r i n g material m a t e r i a l and a n d the t h e concon­ f i n i n g layer. layer. fining r e s u l t , there t h e r e will w i l l be b e a slight s l i g h t reduction r e d u c t i o n in i n the t h e porosity porosity As a result, and, a n d , thus t h u s ,t the t h e permeability p e r m e a b i l i t y of of the t h e aquifer a q u i f e r material. material. 2. 2. The T h e clay c l a y confining c o n f i n i n g layer l a y e r undergoes u n d e r g o e s more m o r e compression c o m p r e s s i o n than t h a n sand sand or o r gravel. gravel. This T h i s compression c o m p r e s s i o n greatly g r e a t l y reduces r e d u c e s upward u p w a r d seepage s e e p a g e from from the the a r t e s i a n aquifer a q u i f e r to t o the t h e surface s u r f a c e reservoir. reservoir. artesian 3. 3. During D u r i n g each e a c h unloading u n l o a d i n g there t h e r e will w i l l be b e an a n accompanied a c c o m p a n i e d expansion expansion i n the t h e artesian a r t e s i a n aquifer. aquifer. in 4. 4. The T h e water w a t e r level l e v e l rise r i s e in i n the t h e artesian a r t e s i a n wells w e l l s is i s bbut u t a rreflection e f l e c t i o n of of the of Pineview t h e increased i n c r e a s e d pressure p r e s s u r e head h e a d in i n the t h e aquifer a q u i f e r caused c a u s e d by b y lloading o a d i n g of Pineview Reservoir. Reservoir. 5. 5. The T h e loading l o a d i n g by b y Pineview P i n e v i e w Reservoir R e s e r v o i r is i s not n o t applied a p p l i e d uniformly u n i f o r m l y but but is water i s ggreater r e a t e r "Nhere w h e r e tthe h e ddepth e p t h of of tthe he w a t e r iis s greater. g r e a t e r . As a rresult e s u l t ,I ssome o m e parts parts of more of tthe h e aartesian r t e s i a n aquifer a q u i f e r rreceive eceive m o r e lloads o a d s tthan h a n oother t h e r pparts. arts. The T h e greatest greatest depth of tthe of Ogden d e p t h aand n d tthus h u s tthe h e loading l o a d i n g of h e surface s u r f a c e rreservoir e s e r v o i r nnear e a r tthe h e hhead e a d of Ogden C a n y o n causes c a u s e s tthe h e greatest g r e a t e s t rrise i s e in i n tthe he w a t e r llevels e v e l s in i n tthe he w ells. Canyon water wells. This This rrise i s e ,I hhowever o w e v e r ,I iis s ppartly a r t l y ccompensated o m p e n s a t e d ffor o r bby y tthe h e ggreater r e a t e r ddecline e c l i n e caused caused bby y ddischarging ischarging w e l l s llocated o c a t e d iin n tthis h i s area. area. wells 66.. The T h e aadditional d d i t i o n a l lloading o a d i n g ssince i n c e 1962 1 9 6 2 ccaused a u s e d ffurther u r t h e r rrise i s e iin n tthe h e water water llevels e v e l s iin n tthe h e aartesian r t e s i a n wells. wells. 104 104 7. 7 . The T h e loading l o a d i n g may m a y cause c a u s e aa slight s l i g h t reduction r e d u c t i o n in i n the t h e yie y i eld l d of of the the a r t e s i a n wells. wells. artesian CONCLUSIONS· CONCLUSIONS The water Valley T h e ssurface urface w a t e r rresources e s o u r c e s of of Ogden Ogden V a l l e y iinclude n c l u d e tthree h r e e major major rrii vvers e r s aand n d a ssurface u r f a c e rreservoir. eservoir. P ineview R e s e r v o i r rregulates e g u l a t e s tthe h e fflow l o w of of Pineview Reservoir O gden R i v e r and a n d tthe h e sstorage t o r a g e capacity c a p a c i t y iin n tthe h e rreservoir e s e r v o i r pprovides r o v i d e s supplesupple­ Ogden Ri.ver m e n t a l irrigation i r r i g a t i o n tto o 2222 ,I 8867 6 7 acres a c r e s of of lland a n d aand nd m u n i c i p a l water water w i t h i n the the mental municipal within Ogden R i v e r Project. Project. Ogden River The of tthe T h e uunconsolidated n c o n s o l i d a t e d deposits d e p o s i t s of h e Quaternary Q u a t e r n a r y age a g e include i n c l u d e two two main water-table which m a i n aaquifersquifers- a w a t e r - t a b l e aquifer a q u i f e r and a n d an a n artesian a r t e s i a n aquiferaquifer- w h i c h supply supply water Ogden Valley City The w a t e r bboth o t h ffor or O gden V a l l e y aand n d for for tthe he C i t y of of Ogden. Ogden. T h e ttwo w o aquifers aquifers aare r e connected c o n n e c t e d hhydraulically. ydraulically. The Valley T h e aartesian r t e s i a n aquifer a q u i f e r in i n Ogden Ogden V a l l e y probably probably if tthe would willing ccould o u l d bbe e ddeveloped e v e l o p e d ffurther u r t h e r if h e ppresent r e s e n t uusers sers w o u l d bbe e w i l l i n g tto o accept accept a reduction r e d u c t i o n in i n pressure p r e s s u r e in i n exchange e x c h a n g e for f o r the t h e additional a d d i t i o n a l water. water. The from w wells water-table T h e discharge d i s c h a r g e from e l l s tthat h a t ttap a p tthe he w a t e r - t a b l e aaquifer q u i f e r constitutes constitutes a very v e r y small s m a l l part p a r t of of the t h e total t o t a l discharge. discharge. ttakes a k e s pplace l a c e tto o tthe h e gground-water r o u n d - w a t e r aquifers. aquifers. Each E a c h year y e a r ,I considerable c o n s i d e r a b l e recharge recharge During D u r i n g tthe h e years y e a r s of of excessive excessive of tthe water will move Pineview rrecharge e c h a r g e ssome o m e of he w ater w i l l bbe e rrejected e j e c t e d and and m o v e tto o P i n e v i e w Reservoir. Reservoir. This may T h i s lloss o s s tto o tthe h e aaquifer quifer m a y bbe e rreduced e d u c e d bby y developing d e v e l o p i n g tthe h e water-table water-table aquifer. water-table a q u i f e r . The The w a t e r - t a b l e aaquifer q u i f e r pprobably r o b a b l y ccould o u l d bbe e ddeveloped e v e l o p e d ffive i v e times times much aas s m u c h aas s iitt iis s nnow o w ((discharge d i s c h a r g e iis s about a b o u t 100 1 0 0 aacre-feet/year). cre-feet/year). If If this this were wells would make w e r e ddone o n e tthe h e nnew ew w ells w o u l d iincrease n c r e a s e tthe h e discharge d i s c h a r g e and and m a k e iitt possible possible for more f o r tthe h e aaquifer q u i f e r tto o ttake a k e iin n m o r e rrecharge e c h a r g e tthan h a n it i t does d o e s now. n o w . The T h e increased increased 106 106 discharge might make wells discharge m ight m a k e it i t nnecessary e c e s s a r y tto o deepen d e e p e n some s o m e existing existing w e l l s and a n d the the increase water i n c r e a s e in i n rrecharge e c h a r g e would w o u l d rresult e s u l t iin n lless ess w a t e r going g o i n g tto o Pineview Pineview R eservoir. Reservoir. Recharge R e c h a r g e to t o tthe h e aquifers a q u i f e r s iin n 1970 1 9 7 0 was w a s estimated e s t i m a t e d tto o bbe e about a b o u t 34,300 34,300 acre-feet. River most a c r e - f e e t . The T h e Ogden Ogden R i v e r system s y s t e m is i s the the m o s t important i m p o r t a n t source s o u r c e of of recharge recharge to Valley. t o tthe h e ground-water g r o u n d - w a t e r reservoir r e s e r v o i r in i n Ogden Ogden V alley. Seepage S e e p a g e from from waterways waterways a n d irrigated i r r i g a t e d lland a n d ccontribute o n t r i b u t e about a b o u t 84 8 4 ppercent e r c e n t of h e ttotal o t a l rrecharge e c h a r g e and a n d the the and of tthe r e sst t is i s dderived e r i v e d from from direct d i r e c t infiltration i n f i l t r a t i o n of of tthe h e precipitation. precipitation. re Ground water Ground w a t e r is i s discharged d i s c h a r g e d both b o t h artificially a r t i f i c i a l l y and a n d naturally. n a t u r a l l y . Artificial Artificial discharge withdrawals wells, d i s c h a r g e occurs o c c u r s as as w i t h d r a w a l s from from w e l l s , and a n d tthe h e nnatural a t u r a l discharge discharge includes i n c l u d e s evapotranspiration e v a p o t r a n s p i r a t i o n and a n d discharge d i s c h a r g e from from ssprings. p r i n g s . Withdrawals Withdrawals from from artesian a r t e s i a n wells w e l l s constitute c o n s t i t u t e tthe h e greatest g r e a t e s t ppart a r t of of the t h e artificial a r t i f i c i a l discharge. discharge. The T h e estimated e s t i m a t e d total t o t a l discharge d i s c h a r g e in i n 1970 1 9 7 0 was w a s about a b o u t 34,000 3 4 , 0 0 0 acre-feet a c r e - f e e t aand n d the the e s t i m a t e d discharge d i s c h a r g e bby y evapotranspiration, e v a p o t r a n s p i r a t i o n , aalone, l o n e , constitutes c o n s t i t u t e s about a b o u t 59 59 estimated p e r c e n t of of tthe h e total t o t a l di d ischarge s c h a r g e •. percent The water-level T h e long-term l o n g - t e r m ttrends r e n d s in in w a t e r - l e v e l fluctuations f l u c t u a t i o n s in i n Ogden O g d e n Valley Valley indicate water i n d i c a t e that t h a t discharge d i s c h a r g e hhas a s nnot o t exceeded e x c e e d e d recharge. r e c h a r g e . The The w a t e r levels l e v e l s rise rise winter iin n late l a t e spring s p r i n g because b e c a u s e of of recharge r e c h a r g e from from w i n t e r aand n d spring s p r i n g pprecipitation r e c i p i t a t i o n and and decline d e c l i n e during d u r i n g summer s u m m e r bbecause e c a u s e of of greater g r e a t e r discharge d i s c h a r g e from from tthe h e artesian a r t e s i a n wells. wells. The Valley T h e ground g r o u n d water w a t e r in i n Ogden Ogden V a l l e y iis s of of ggood o o d quality. q u a l i t y . The T h e chemical chemical a n a l y s e s of of the the w a t e r samples s a m p l e s indicate i n d i c a t e that t h a t the t h e water w a t e r is i s suitable s u i t a b l e for f o r househouse­ analyses water hhold o l d purposes p u r p o s e s aas s w e l l as a s ffor o r agricultural a g r i c u l t u r a l purposes. purposes. well T h e rresults e s u l t s of of bacteriobacterioThe 107 107 logical l o g i c a l analyses a n a l y s e s imply i m p l y that t h a t the t h e water w a t e r in i n four f o u r wells w e l l s around a r o u n d Eden E d e n are a r e concon­ t a m i n a t e d . However H o w e v e r , further f u r t h e r tests t e s t s are a r e required r e q u i r e d to t o reach r e a c h a more m o r e definite definite taminated. I conclusion. conclusion. The T h e ground g r o u n d water w a t e r in i n Ogden O g d e n Valley V a l l e y is i s bicarbonate b i c a r b o n a t e in i n type. type. The T h e inin­ c r e a s i n g bicarbonate b i c a r b o n a t e content c o n t e n t in i n the t h e wells w e l l s may m a y be b e explained e x p l a i n e d by b y direct direct creasing r e c h a r g e of of the t h e seepage s e e p a g e waters w a t e r s from from the t h e surface s u r f a c e streams s t r e a m s which w h i c h contain contain recharge m o r e bicarbonate. bicarbonate. more The T h e Ogden O g d e n Valley V a l l e y artesian a r t e s i a n reservoir r e s e r v o i r is i s a complex c o m p l e x hydraulic h y d r a u l i c system. system. Some S o m e of of the t h e complexities c o m p l e x i t i e s are a r e the t h e result r e s u l t of of continuous c o n t i n u o u s discharge d i s c h a r g e from f r o m aa group g r o u p of of artesian a r t e s i a n wells w e l l s and a n d changes c h a n g e s in i n load l o a d resting r e s t i n g upon u p o n the t h e artesian artesian rreservoir. eservoir. Reservoir of an An iincrease n c r e a s e iin n storage s t o r a g e of of Pineview Pineview R e s e r v o i r is i s aan n indication i n d i c a t i o n of an iincrease n c r e a s e in i n loading l o a d i n g uupon p o n tthe h e artesian a r t e s i a n rreservoir. eservoir. The T h e uultimate l t i m a t e rresult e s u l t of this of tthe t h i s lloading o a d i n g iis s tthe h e ccompaction o m p a c t i o n of h e artesian a r t e s i a n aaquifer q u i f e r aand n d tthe h e subsequent subsequent of the material. rreduction e d u c t i o n in i n tthe h e pporosity o r o s i t y of t h e aaquifer quifer m aterial. Continuous C o n t i n u o u s withdrawal withdrawal of w water from tthe of ppressure of a t e r from h e aartesian r t e s i a n rreservoir e s e r v o i r pproduces r o d u c e s rreduction e d u c t i o n of r e s s u r e around around wells. tthe h e ddischarging ischarging w ells. As a rresult of tthis As e s u l t of h i s tthe h e aaquifer q u i f e r uundergoes n d e r g o e s a certain certain of ccompression which will aamount m o u n t of o m p r e s s i o n iin n w h i c h iits t s ttotal o t a l iinterstitial n t e r s t i t i a l sspace pace w i l l decrease decrease of tthe bby y aa vvolume o l u m e aapproximately p p r o x i m a t e l y eequal q u a l tto o tthe h e vvolume o l u m e of h e ddischarged i s c h a r g e d water. water. During will D u r i n g tthe h e rrecharge e c h a r g e sseason e a s o n , I hhowever o w e v e r ,I tthere here w i l l bbe e aan n eexpansion x p a n s i o n tto o comcom­ ppensate e n s a t e tthe h e pprevious r e v i o u s compression. compression. 108 108 The water wells, T h e fluctuations f l u c t u a t i o n s of of w a t e r level l e v e l iin n tthe h e ttest est w e l l s , (A-6-l) ( A - 6 - 1 ) 11 cab-I cab-1 and a n d (A-6-2) ( A - 6 - 2 ) 18 bbab-I, a b - 1 , iindicate n d i c a t e changing c h a n g i n g stress s t r e s s conditions c o n d i t i o n s within w i t h i n the the artesian We a r t e s i a n aaquifer. quifer. W e can, c a n , ttherefore, h e r e f o r e , rrelate e l a t e tthese h e s e fluctuations f l u c t u a t i o n s to t o the the factors w h i c h cause c a u s e such s u c h stress s t r e s s changes. changes. factors which T h e loading l o a d i n g bby y P i n e v i e w ReserReser­ The Pineview v o i r , rregardles e g a r d l e s ss of of its its m a g n i t u d e , will w i l l always a l w a y s tend t e n d tto o rraise a i s e the t h e water w a t e r levels levels voir, magnitude, i n tthe h e test test w ells. in wells. O n tthe h e other o t h e r hand, h a n d , tthe h e discharge d i s c h a r g e from from the t h e artesian a r t e s i a n reserreser­ On voir w i l l always a l w a y s tend t e n d to t o lower l o w e r the the w a t e r llevels e v e l s in i n tthe he w ells. voir will water wells. T h e hydrograph hydrograph The of tthe h e ttest est w e l l , (A-6-1) ( A - 6 - 1 ) 11 cab-I, c a b - 1 , which w h i c h iis s in i n the t h e area a r e a of of influence i n f l u e n c e of of the the of well, discharging w e l l s , indicates i n d i c a t e s tthat h a t iin n spite s p i t e of of the t h e continuous c o n t i n u o u s withdrawals withdrawals discharging wells, from the t h e artesian a r t e s i a n wells w e l l s tthe h e water water from llevel e v e l in i n the t h e well w e l l rises rises w i t h an a n increase increase with of the t h e sstorage t o r a g e of of Pineview P i n e v i e w Reservoir. Reservoir. of REFERENCES REFERENCES Andersen, B.A., Andersen, B . A . , and a n d Holmgren, H o l m g r e n , A.H., A . 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G eological S urvey, 1 960, C o m p i l a t i o n of e c o r d s of u r f a c e waters waters of tthe United States September 1950, 10, The Great of he U nited S t a t e s tthrough hrough S eptember 1 9 5 0 , PPart art 1 0, T he G r e a t Basin: Basin: U.. SS.. G Geol. Survey Water-Supply U eol. S urvey W a t e r - S u p p l y PPaper a p e r 1314, 1 3 1 4 , 4485 8 5 p. p. U .•SS.. Geological Survey, of rrecord of ssurface waters of U Geological S u r v e y , 1963, 1 9 6 3 , Compilation C o m p i l a t i o n of e c o r d ss of urface w a t e r s of United States, October September 1960, Part The tthe he U nited S tates, O c t o b e r 1950 1 9 5 0 tto o S eptember 1 960, P a r t 10, 10, T h e Great Great Basin: U.S. Water-Supply Paper B asin: U . S . Geol. G e o l . Survey Survey W ater-Supply P a p e r 1734, 1 7 3 4 , 3318 1 8 p. p. U .•SS.. G Geological Survey, water of U Utah: U eological S u r v e y , 1964, 1 9 6 4 , Surface Surface w a t e r rrecords e c o r d s of tah: City, C i t y , Utah. Utah. Salt S a l t Lake Lake U.S. Geological U.S. G e o l o g i c a l Survey, S u r v e y , 1965, 1 9 6 5 , 1966, 1 9 6 6 , 1967, 1 9 6 7 , 1968, 1 9 6 8 , 1969, 1 9 6 9 , Water W a t e r Resources Resources Data water D a t a for f o r Utah, U t a h , Part P a r t 1, 1 , Surface Surface w a t e r rrecords: e c o r d s : Salt S a l t Lake L a k e City, C i t y , Utah. Utah. U Public water U .•SS.. P u b l i c Health H e a l t h Service, S e r v i c e , 1962, 1 9 6 2 , Drinking Drinking w a t e r standards, s t a n d a r d s , 1962: 1 9 6 2 : U. U . S. S. Public Pub. P u b l i c Health H e a l t h Service Service P u b . 956, 9 5 6 , 61 6 1 p. p. U.S. Diagnosis U . S . Salinity S a l i n i t y Laboratory L a b o r a t o r y Staff, S t a f f , 1954, 1954, D i a g n o s i s and a n d iimprovement m p r o v e m e n t of saline Dept. Agriculture Handbook s a l i n e aand n d alkali a l k a l i soils: s o i l s : U.S. U.S. D ept. A griculture H a n d b o o k 60,160 6 0 , 1 6 0 p. p. U.S. U . S . \Neather W e a t h e r Bureau, B u r e a u , 1935-70, 1 9 3 5 - 7 0 , Climatologic C l i m a t o l o g i c data, d a t a , Utah: U t a h : U.S. U . S . Weather Weather Bureau B u r e a u Annual A n n u a l Summaries S u m m a r i e s 1935-70. 1935-70. Veatch, V e a t c h , A.C., A . C . , 1907, 1 9 0 7 , Geography G e o g r a p h y and a n d geolDgy g e o l o g y of a pportion o r t i o n of Southwestern Southwestern Wyoming: W y o m i n g : U. U . S. S . Geol. G e o l . Survey S u r v e y Prof. P r o f . Paper P a p e r 56, 5 6 , 178 1 7 8 p. p. Walcott, W a l c o t t , C. C DD., . , 1908 1 9 0 8 ,, Nomenclature N o m e n c l a t u r e of some s o m e Cambrian C a m b r i a n Cordilleran C o r d i l l e r a n fonnaforma­ tions: t i o n s : Smithson. S m i t h s o n . Misc.Coll. M i s c . C o l l . v. v . 53, 5 3 , no. n o . 5, 5 , p. p . 167-230. 167-230. Williams, W i l l i a m s , J. J . S., S . , 1948, 1 9 4 8 , Geology G e o l o g y of the t h e Paleozoic P a l e o z o i c rocks, r o c k s , Logan L o g a n Quadrangle, Quadrangle, Utah: U t a h : Geol. G e o l . Soc. S o c America A m e r i c a Bull., B u l l , , v. v . 59, 5 9 , p. p . 1121-1164. 1121-1164. APPENDIX APPENDIX II WELLSYSTEM U USED W E L L - NNUMBERING U M B E R I N G SYSTEM S E D IIN N UTAH 114 114 T h e well w e l l numbers n u m b e r s used u s e d in i n this t h i s report r e p o r t indicate i n d i c a t e the t h e well w e l l location l o c a t i o n by by The l a n d subdivision s u b d i v i s i o n according a c c o r d i n g to t o a numbering n u m b e r i n g system s y s t e m that t h a t was w a s devised d e v i s e d coopercooper­ land a t i vely v e l y by b y the t h e Utah U t a h State S t a t e Engineer E n g i n e e r and a n d the t h e U .• SS.. Geological G e o l o g i c a l Survey S u r v e y about about ati 1 9 3 5 . The T h e system s y s t e m is i s illustrated i l l u s t r a t e d in i n figure f i g u r e 18. 1 8 . The T h e complete c o m p l e t e well w e l l number number 1935. c o m p r i s e s letters l e t t e r s and a n d numbers n u m b e r s that t h a t designate d e s i g n a t e consecutively c o n s e c u t i v e l y the t h e quadrant quadrant comprises a n d township t o w n s h i p (shown ( s h o w n together t o g e t h e r in i n parentheses p a r e n t h e s e s by b y a capital c a p i t a l letter l e t t e r deSignatdesignat­ and i n g the t h e quadrant q u a d r a n t in i n relation r e l a t i o n to t o the t h e base b a s e point p o i n t of of the t h e Salt S a l t Lake L a k e base b a s e and and ing m e r i d i a n , and a n d numbers n u m b e r s designating d e s i g n a t i n g the t h e township t o w n s h i p and a n d range); r a n g e ) ; the t h e number number meridian, of the t h e section; s e c t i o n ; the t h e quarter q u a r t e r section s e c t i o n (designated ( d e s i g n a t e d by b y a letter); l e t t e r ) ; the t h e quarter q u a r t e r of of of t h e quarter q u a r t e r section; s e c t i o n ; the t h e quarter q u a r t e r of of the t h e quarter-quarter q u a r t e r - q u a r t e r section; s e c t i o n ; and, a n d , finally, finally, the tthe h e pparticular articular w ell w i t h i n the t h e 10-acre 1 0 - a c r e tract t r a c t (designated ( d e s i g n a t e d by by a a number). number). well within By By t h i s system s y s t e m tthe h e letters l e t t e r s A, A , B, B , C, C , and and D d e s i g n a t e , rrespectively, e s p e c t i v e l y , tthe h e northnorth­ this D deSignate, eeast, a s t , northwest, n o r t h w e s t , southwest, s o u t h w e s t , and a n d southeast s o u t h e a s t quadrants q u a d r a n t s of of the t h e standard s t a n d a r d base base and m e r i d i a n system s y s t e m of of tthe he B u r e a u of of L a n d Management, M a n a g e m e n t , and a n d the t h e letters letters and meridian Bureau Land a , b, b , c, c , and and d d deSignate d e s i g n a t e the t h e nnortheast, o r t h e a s t , northwest, n o r t h w e s t , southeast, s o u t h e a s t , and a n d southsouth­ a, w e s t qquarters u a r t e r s of h e ssection, e c t i o n , of h e qquarter u a r t e r ssection, e c t i o n , aand n d of h e quarterquarterwest of tthe of tthe of tthe qquarter u a r t e r section. section. T h u s , tthe h e nnumber u m b e r ((BB - 22- 22) ) 12 12 ddcd c d -- 22 ddeSignates esignates w e l l 22 in in Thus, well tthe h e SEiswisEi S E | S W | S E { sec.12, sec.12, T .2N. , R . 2 W . , tthe h e lletter etter B h o w i n g tthat h a t tthe h e towntown­ T.2N., R.2W., B sshowing sship h i p iis s nnorth o r t h of h e Salt Salt L a k e bbase a s e lline i n e aand n d tthe h e rrange a n g e iis s w e s t of h e Salt Salt of tthe Lake west of tthe L ake m e r i d i a n ; aand n d tthe h e nnumber u m b e r ((D-3-2) D - 3 - 2 ) 334 4 bbca-l c a - 1 ddeSignates esignates w e l l 11 iin n the the Lake meridian; well N E { S W { N W | ssec. e c . 334, 4, T .3S., R . 2 E . , iin n tthe h e ssoutheast o u t h e a s t qquadrant u a d r a n t of the NEisWiNVVt T.3S., R.2E., of the sstandard t a n d a r d bbase a s e aand nd m e r i d i a n system. system. meridian 115 115 A B SALT LAKE L SALT BASE L NE BASE z C / <<.( 0 Q Area of of Uinta Area 0: Special cc Special Base w UJ and Meridian and ~ w UJ D 0 ~ <.( < ....J I....J <.( < en CO 4 3 f1.. 2_ 1 6r:; I ~. _4_ 11 10 11~ 12" T 9 76" 771s 18i1177f16!J5 16 15 i1.',-\13 19j20 22 23 24 2! 27 19)20 21 30129 26 2f) 25 30I29 28 27 2G 3311132 32 33 34 35 36 _ J CO ------ Z <.( < T. -0Q 2 N. -0: DC w UJ ~ <.( < u 1 T. 1 N. R.2W. I LINE LINE R.1W. R.1VV. 1 1 -c- ....J SALT LAKE LAKE BASE I { 1 ~ w UJ I I « 1 bb-o---a1I aa l bb lI aa - e- bI -d— I1 i e- aI d c I-b-t Id 1 c 1 d --ah 11 1i b I a I b I a 1 b-c a- j b-dI a ec Idd| e c |I dd 1 1 1 ;:i .j x 1 Section f_ I- 12 12 ..J «<oo en x Well Well (B-2-2) 12 dcd-1 dcd-1 A Well (B-2-2) (B-2-2) 12 12 dcd-2 dcd-2 Figure F i g u r e 18. 1 8 . Well-numbering W e 1 1 - n u m b e r i n g system s y s t e m used u s e d in i n Utah. Utah. APPENDIX APPENDIX II GLOSSARY OF OF SELECTED SELECTED TERMS GLOSSARY 117 117 Meinzer M e i n z e r ('.Vater-Supply ( W a t e r - S u p p l y Paper P a p e r 494, 4 9 4 , p. p . 2) stated s t a t e d that t h a t a scientific scientific t e r m is i s a symbol s y m b o l that t h a t represents r e p r e s e n t s a scientific s c i e n t i f i c concept. concept. term h a s the t h e same same It has s i g n i f i c a n c e as a s the t h e definition d e f i n i t i o n of of the t h e concept; c o n c e p t ; it i t is i s neither n e i t h e r more m o r e nor n o r less less significance precise. precise. H o w e v e r , there t h e r e should s h o u l d be b e general g e n e r a l agreement a g r e e m e n t regarding r e g a r d i n g it. it. However, M e i n z e r ' s definitions d e f i n i t i o n s in i n Water-Supply W a t e r - S u p p l y Paper P a p e r 494, 4 9 4 , on o n the t h e whole, w h o l e , are a r e still still Meinzer's t h e most m o s t precise p r e c i s e definitions d e f i n i t i o n s of of ground-water g r o u n d - w a t e r terms t e r m s available, a v a i l a b l e , thus t h u s the the the d e f i n i t i o n s that t h a t follow f o l l o w are a r e taken t a k e n from from that t h a t publication. publication. definitions acre-ft: a c r e - f t : acre-foot; a c r e - f o o t ; a unit u n i t of of volume v o l u m e commonly c o m m o n l y used u s e d where w h e r e large l a r g e quantities quantities of water w a t e r are a r e being b e i n g expressed. expressed. of i s the t h e volume v o l u m e of of water w a t e r that t h a t could could It is c o v e r one o n e acre a c r e to t o a depth d e p t h of of one o n e foot. foot. cover It equals e q u a l s 43,600 4 3 , 6 0 0 cubic c u b i c feet f e e t or or It 3 2 5 , 8 5 0 gallons. gallons. 325,850 Aquifer; A quifer; iis s a formation, f o r m a t i o n , group g r o u p of of formations, f o r m a t i o n s , or or ppart a r t of of a formation f o r m a t i o n that that iis s water-bearing. water-bearing. Artesian water A r t e s i a n water; w a t e r ; is i s ground ground w a t e r that t h a t hhas a s artesian a r t e s i a n ppressure r e s s u r e bbecause e c a u s e it i t is is c o n f i n e d by by m a t e r i a l that t h a t iis s less l e s s permeable p e r m e a b l e than t h a n the the m a t e r i a l s of of the the confined material materials aaquifer. quifer. A rtesian w a t e r iis s uunder n d e r ssufficient u f f i c i e n t ppressure r e s s u r e tto o rrise i s e aabove b o v e the the Artesian water bbase a s e of h e cconfining o n f i n i n g bbed. ed. of tthe An aartesian r t e s i a n aquifer a q u i f e r iis s oone n e tthat h a t contains contains aartesian r t e s i a n water. water. C o n e of nfluence; Cone of iinfluence; iis s tthe h e ddepression e p r e s s i o n pproduced r o d u c e d iin n tthe he w a t e r oorr other other water withdrawal of tthe ppiezometric i e z o m e t r i c ssurface u r f a c e bby y tthe he w i t h d r a w a l of h e water. water. Confining C o n f i n i n g bbed; ed; of aan which, of iits of n aaquifer q u i f e r iis s oone ne w h i c h , bbecause e c a u s e of t s pposition o s i t i o n and and iits t s iimpermeability m p e r m e a b i l i t y oor r llow o w ppermeability e r m e a b i l i t y rrelative e l a t i v e tto o tthat h a t of h e aquifer, aquifer, of tthe ggives i v e s tthe he w a t e r iin n tthe h e aaquifer q u i f e r eeither i t h e r aartesian r t e s i a n oor r ssubnormal u b n o r m a l head. head. water 118 118 cfs; cfs; (cubic ( c u b i c ffoot o o t per p e r second s e c o n d or o r second-foot) s e c o n d - f o o t ) a unit u n i t of of fflow l o w oorr discharge discharge commonly c o m m o n l y used u s e d to t o express e x p r e s s the t h e flow f l o w of of streams s t r e a m s but b u t also a l s o uused s e d ffor o r large large discharge wells. d i s c h a r g e rates r a t e s from from w ells. It It is i s the t h e rate r a t e of of flow f l o w where w h e r e one o n e cubic cubic f o o t of of water w a t e r passes p a s s e s a given g i v e n ppoint o i n t in i n one o n e second. second. foot It equals e q u a l s 724 7 2 4 acre-ft acre-ft It p e r yyear e a r or 4448.8 4 8 . 8 gallons g a l l o n s pper e r minute. minute. per Drainage D r a i n a g e basin; b a s i n ; a part p a r t of of tthe h e surface s u r f a c e of of the t h e land l a n d that t h a t iis s ooccupied c c u p i e d bby y a drainage d r a i n a g e system s y s t e m or o r contributes c o n t r i b u t e s surface s u r f a c e water w a t e r to t o that t h a t system. system. Drainage D r a i n a g e system; system; consists of impounded c o n s i s t s of of a surface s u r f a c e stream s t r e a m or o r a body b o d y of impounded surface water, surface w a t e r , together t o g e t h e r with w i t h all a l l surface s u r f a c e streams s t r e a m s and a n d bbodies o d i e s of of impoundimpound­ ed e d surface s u r f a c e water w a t e r that t h a t are a r e tributary t r i b u t a r y to t o it. it. Evaporation; E v a p o r a t i o n ; is i s vaporization v a p o r i z a t i o n that t h a t takes t a k e s place p l a c e at a t a temperature t e m p e r a t u r e bbelow e l o w the the bOiling b o i l i n g point. point. Ground G r o u n d water; water; water w a t e r in i n the t h e zone z o n e of of saturation. saturation. Perched of ground P e r c h e d aquifer; a q u i f e r ; an a n aquifer a q u i f e r separated s e p a r a t e d from from an a n underlying u n d e r l y i n g bbody o d y of ground water w a t e r by b y uunsaturated n s a t u r a t e d rrocks. ocks. Its water water Its w a t e r table t a b l e is i s a perched perched w a t e r table. table. Phreatophyte; P h r e a t o p h y t e ; is i s a pplant l a n t that t h a t habitually h a b i t u a l l y obtains o b t a i n s its i t s water w a t e r supply s u p p l y from from the the of saturation, zzone o n e of s a t u r a t i o n , either e i t h e r directly d i r e c t l y or o r through t h r o u g h the t h e capillary c a p i l l a r y fringe. fringe. Piezometric P i e z o m e t r i c surface; s u r f a c e ; of of an a n aquifer a q u i f e r is i s an a n imaginary i m a g i n a r y surface s u r f a c e tthat h a t everywhere everywhere coincides c o i n c i d e s with w i t h the t h e static s t a t i c level l e v e l of of the t h e water w a t e r in i n the t h e aquifer. aquifer. Run-off; R u n - o f f ; the t h e discharge d i s c h a r g e of of water w a t e r through t h r o u g h surface s u r f a c e streams. streams. Safe S a f e yield; yield; the from aan t h e rate r a t e at a t which w h i c h water w a t e r can c a n be b e withdrawn w i t h d r a w n from n aquifer a q u i f e r withwith­ o u t depleting d e p l e t i n g the t h e supply s u p p l y to t o such s u c h an a n extent e x t e n t that t h a t withdrawal w i t h d r a w a l at a t tthis h i s rate rate out i s harmful h a r m f u l to t o the t h e aaquifer q u i f e r itself i t s e l f , or o r to t o the t h e quantity q u a n t i t y of of w a t e r , oorr is i s no no is water, f 119 119 llonger o n g e r feasible. feasible. Seepage; Seepage; of w water iis s the t h e ppercolation e r c o l a t i o n of a t e r tthrough h r o u g h tthe h e land l a n d surface s u r f a c e oorr through through the walls the w a l l s of of large l a r g e openings o p e n i n g s iin n the t h e near-surface n e a r - s u r f a c e rrocks o c k s such s u c h aas s ccaves a v e s or or artificial a r t i f i c i a l excavations. excavations. Static w a t e r level; level; Static water i s tthe h e llevel e v e l aatt w hich w a t e r stands s t a n d s in in a w ell w h e n no no is which water well when water well w a t e r is i s bbeing e i n g taken t a k e n from from tthe h e aquifer a q u i f e r bby y tthe he w e l l either e i t h e r bby y ppumping u m p i n g or or bby y free f r e e flow. flow. TrRnspiration; which water T r a n s p i r a t i o n ; is i s tthe h e process p r o c e s s bby y w h i c h the the w a t e r ttaken a k e n iinto n t o tthe h e rroots o o t s of of from tthe of saturation tthe h e pplants l a n t s ddirectly i r e c t l y from h e zzone o n e of s a t u r a t i o n or o r from from the t h e capillary capillary fringe f r i n g e is i s discharged. discharged. Water W a t e r ttable; able; is i s tthe h e upper u p p e r surface s u r f a c e of of a zone z o n e of of saturation s a t u r a t i o n except e x c e p t where where tthat h a t surface s u r f a c e is i s formed f o r m e d bby y an a n iimpermeable m p e r m e a b l e body. body. Well; W ell; is from tthe i s aan n artificial a r t i f i c i a l excavation e x c a v a t i o n tthat h a t dderives e r i v e s some s o m e fluid f l u i d from h e interinter­ stices which s t i c e s of of tthe h e rrocks o c k s or o r ssoil oil w h i c h iitt penetrates p e n e t r a t e s ,I except e x c e p t tthat h a t the t h e term term water iis s not n o t applied a p p l i e d tto o ditches d i t c h e s or o r ttunnels u n n e l s tthat h a t lead l e a d gground round w a t e r tto o tthe h e sursur­ fface a c e by b y gravity. gravity. Zone Z o n e of of saturation; saturation; the with t h e zone z o n e iin n which w h i c h tthe h e rocks r o c k s are a r e saturated saturated w i t h water water u n d e r hhydrostatic y d r o s t a t i c ppressure. ressure. under D o e s nnot o t include i n c l u d e any a n y saturated s a t u r a t e d portion portion Does of h e capillary c a p i l l a r y fringe f r i n g e ,I aas s tthe h e water w a t e r iin n tthe h e fringe f r i n g e iis s nnot o t under u n d e r hydrohydro­ of tthe s t a t i c pressure. pressure. static APPEND IX III APPENDIX III L O G S OF OF NEW N E W OGDEN O G D E N CITY CITY WELLS WELLS LOGS 121 121 Log of of well w e l l (A-6-l) ( A - 6 - 1 ) 11 cab-2 cab-2 Date: April April D a t e : Started Started A p r i l 5, 5 , 1971; 1 9 7 1 ; completed completed A p r i l 14, 1 4 , 1971. 1971. Screen S c r e e n schedule: s c h e d u l e : 220"0 - ##-150 1 5 0 slot s l o t at a t 169'-172'; 1 6 9 ' - 1 7 2 ' ; #100 # 1 0 0 slot s l o t at a t 176'-181'; 176*-181 ##50 5 0 slot s l o t at a t 181'-185'; 1 8 1 ' - 1 8 5 ' ; #100 # 1 0 0 slot s l o t at a t 185'-191'; 185 ' - 1 9 1 ' ; #50 #50 slot s l o t at a t 194'-204'; 1 9 4 ' - 2 0 4 ' ; #80 # 8 0 slot s l o t at a t 2204'-209'; 0 4 ' - 2 0 9 ' ; ##100 1 0 0 slot slot at a t 222'-227'; 2 2 2 ' - 2 2 7 ' ; 18" 1 8 " casing c a s i n g installed i n s t a l l e d from from 167' 1 6 7 ' to to 169', 1 6 9 ' , bbetween e t w e e n sections s e c t i o n s of of screens, s c r e e n s , and a n d from from 227' 227' tto o 240'. 240'. M Material Material Thickness Thickness (feet) (feet) Top T o p soil soil 2 2 Clay with C lay w i t h some some sand sand 130 130 132 132 Confining C o n f i n i n g layer layer S a n d and a n d gravel gravel Sand 4 136 136 C o n t a i n s water water Contains 32 168 168 R e l a t i vvely e l y impermeable impermeable Relati Cobbles, C o b b l e s , gravels, gravels, a n d coarse c o a r s e sand sand and 5 173 173 Contains C o n t a i n s water water Clay Clay 2 175 16 191 191 2 193 193 Gravel w i t h coarse coarse Gravel with a n d fine f i n e sand sand and 16 209 209 Water Water Clay, C l a y , sand, s a n d , and and gravel gravel 13 222 222 C o n t a i n s some s o m e water water Contains 4 226 226 Water W ater 14 14 2240 40 Some S o m e water water Clay, C l a y , sand, s a n d , and and gravel gravel Gravel with Gravel w i t h mediummediumt o - c o a r s e sand sand to-coarse Clay Clay Gravel G r a v e l and a n d coarse coarse sand sand Clay, C l a y , sand, s a n d , and and gravel gravel D e p t h to t o bbottom ottom Depth (feet) (feet) W a t e r conditions conditions Water Dry D ry Water W ater 1122 22 Log of of w well 11 cab-3 Log e l l ((A-6-1) A - 6 - 1 ) 11 cab-3 Date: D ate: November December 11,, 1970. sstarted tarted N o v e m b e r 117, 7 , 11970; 9 7 0 ; ccompleted ompleted D e c e m b e r 11 1970. SScreen c r e e n sschedule: c h e d u l e : 220"-#80 0 " - # 8 0 sslot l o t aat t 1190'-195'; 9 0 ' - 1 9 5 ' ; ##70 7 0 sslot l o t aat t 2203'-215'; 0 3 ' - 2 1 5 ' ; #100 #100 sslot l o t aat t 2236'-241'; 3 6 ' - 2 4 1 ' ; ##50 5 0 sslot l o t aat t 2241'-256'; 4 1 ' - 2 5 6 ' ; 118" 8 " casing casing iinstalled n s t a l l e d from 8 8 ' tto o 1190' 9 0 ' bbetween e t w e e n ssections e c t i o n s of of from 1188' sscreens, c r e e n s , aand n d aas s ttail a i l ppipe i p e from 5 6 ' tto o 2266'. 6 6 ' . Hole Hole from 2256' from 2266' bbackfilled a c k f i l l e d from 6 6 ' tto o 278 2 7 8 I' •. Material M aterial Thickness T hickness ((feet) feet) Top T o p soil soil 2 22 24 24 26 103 103 129 129 R e l a t i v e l y impermeable. impermeable Relatively C o n f i n i n g layer. layer. Confining Gravel G r a v e l and a n d sand sand 1 130 130 C o n t a i n s water water Contains Clay, C l a y , sand, s a n d , and and gravel gravel 24 24 154 154 C o n t a i n s water w ater Contains Mostly M o s t l y gravel g r a v e l with with some s o m e clay clay 21 21 175 175 Water Water Clay, C l a y , sand, s a n d , and and gravel gravel 9 184 184 Water Water Clay Clay 1 185 185 Gravel G r a v e l and a n d sand sand 33 188 188 Clay C l a y with w i t h sand sand 11 189 189 Gravel G r a v e l and a n d sand sand 77 196 196 Clay C l a y with w i t h alternating alternating layers l a y e r s of sand s a n d and and gravel gravel 55 201 201 13 13 214 214 Clay, C l a y , ssand, a n d , and and ggravel ravel Clay with C lay w i t h alternating alternating layers of sand l a y e r s of s a n d Gravel G r a v e l and a n d coarse c o a r s e sand sand Depth D e p t h tto o bbottom ottom (feet) (feet) W a t e r conditions conditions Water Dry D ry T C o n t a i n s water water Contains Water Water Water Water 1123 23 Log of of w well II ccab Log e l l ((AA-- 6 - 1J) ) 11 a b -- 33 continuted continuted Material M aterial Thickness T hickness ((feet) feet) Depth D e p t h tto o bbottom ottom (feet) (feet) W a t e r conditions conditions Wuter 21 2l 2235 35 Relatively R e l a t i v e l y impermeable impermeable 28 2263 63 C o n t a i n s water water Contains Grave with G r a v e ll w ith alternating alternating of cclay llayers a y e r s of lay 4 2267 67 Gravel G r a v e l ,, ssand a n d aand n d clay clay 5 272 272 Clay C lay 6 2278 78 Clay with C lay w i t h small s m a l l ssand and Gravel with Gravel w i t h ccoarse o a r s e and and ffine i n e ssand and T 1124 24 Log of of w well Log e l l ((A-6-1) A - 6 - 1 ) 11 cab-4 cab-4 Date: March April D a t e : sstarted tarted M a r c h 119,1971; 9 , 1 9 7 1 ; ccompleted ompleted A p r i l 114, 4 , 1971. 1971. Screen S c r e e n sschedule: c h e d u l e : 220"0 " - ##50 5 0 sslot l o t aatt 1190'-196'; 9 0 ' - 1 9 6 ' ; ##60 6 0 sslot l o t aatt 2201'-216'; 0 1 ' - 2 1 6 ' ; #150 #150 sslot l o t aatt 2243'-249'; 4 3 ' - 2 4 9 ' ; ##100 1 0 0 sslot l o t aatt 2255'-262'; 5 5 ' - 2 6 2 * ; 118" 8 " diadia­ m e t e r ccasing a s i n g iinstalled n s t a l l e d from 8 8 ' tto o 190', 1 9 0 ' , between between meter from 1188' ssections e c t i o n s of c r e e n s , aand n d aas s ttail a i l ppipe i p e from 6 2 ' to to of sscreens, from 2262' 2274' 7 4 ' .• Thickness T hickness ((feet) feet) Depth D e p t h tto o bbottom ottom (feet) (feet) Water W a t e r conditions conditions CO Material M aterial 3 3 Mostly M o s t l y ssand a n d with with some s o m e clay clay 36 36 39 39 Clay C l a y aand n d silt silt 998 8 134 134 C o n f i n i n g layer layer Confining Clay with Clay w i t h some s o m e sand sand and a n d gravel gravel 17 151 151 R e l a t i vvely e l y impermeable impermeable Relati Clay Clay 3 154 154 Clay, C l a y , sand, s a n d , and and gravel gravel 9 163 163 Clay C l a y and a n d silt silt 8 00 171 171 Gravel Gravel 2 173 173 Contains C o n t a i n s water water Mostly M o s t l y gravel g r a v e l with w i t h alteralter­ nating n a t i n g thin t h i n layers l a y e r s of of sand sand 43 and 43 a n d clay clay 216 216 Water W a t e r table t a b l e dropping dropping Clay Clay 11 227 227 Mixture M i x t u r e of of hard hard clay c l a y and a n d gravel gravel 11 238 238 Gravel Gravel 11 239 239 Gravel G r a v e l with w i t h clay clay 3 242 242 Top T o p soil soil Dry D ry ;: W a t e r ttable a b l e at a t 50 5 0 feet feet Water b e l o w land l a n d surface. surface. below C o n t a i n s water water Contains 1125 25 Log of of w well 11 ccab-4 Log e l l ((AA - 66-- 11) ) 11 a b - 4 continued continued T hickness Thickness ((feet) feet) D e p t h t o bbottom ottom Depth (feet) (feet) to W a t e r conditions conditions Water Very V e r y cclean l e a n gravel gravel 8 2250 50 C o n t a i n s wat w a t er er Contains Hard H a r d cclay l a y with with ggravel r a v e l aand n d cobble cobble ssize i z e materia m a t e r i al 7 2257 57 17 17 2274 74 Material M aterial Hard H a r d pan pan 126 126 Log of well w e l l (A-6-1) ( A - 6 - 1 ) 11 cab-5 cab-5 D a t e : started s t a r t e d March M a r c h 14, 1 4 , 1971; 1 9 7 1 ; completed c o m p l e t e d April A p r i l 2, 2 , 1971. 1971. Date: Screen S c r e e n schedule: schedule: 20"-#80 20 " - # 8 0 slot s l o t at a t 176'-186'; 1 7 6 ' - 1 8 6 ##50 5 0 slot s l o t at a t 191'-199'; 1 9 1 ' - 1 9 9 ; #80 #80 slot s l o t at a t 204'-219'; 2 0 4 ' - 2 1 9 ' ; 18" 1 8 " caSing c a s i n g installed i n s t a l l e d from 174' 174' to t o 176', 1 7 6 ' , between b e t w e e n sections s e c t i o n s of of screens s c r e e n s and a n d as a s tail tail pipe p i p e from 219' 2 1 9 ' to t o 229'. 2 2 9 ' . Hole H o l e drilled d r i l l e d below b e l o w 229' 2 2 9 ' is is backfilled. backfilled. 1 Material Material Thickness Thickness (feet) (feet) Depth D e p t h to t o bottom bottom (feet) (feet) T o p soil soil Top 4 4 Sand Sand 5 9 Clay Clay 18 27 S a n d and a n d clay clay Sand 7 34 34 Sand Sand 4 38 Mostly with M o s t l y clay clay w i t h alteralter­ n a t i n g l a y e r s of s a nd nating layers of sand a n d gravel gravel and 119 119 157 157 Relatively R e l a t i v e l y impermeable impermeable G r a v e l and a n d coarse c o a r s e sand sand Gravel 5 162 162 Confined Confined Clay w i t h alternating alternating Clay with llayers a y e r s of a n d and and of ssand ggravel ravel 13 175 175 Relatively R e l a t i v e l y impermeable impermeable G r a v e l aand n d fine f i n e sand sand Gravel 9 184 184 Contains C o n t a i n s water water C lay m ixed w i t h sand sand Clay mixed with aand n d ggravel ravel 6 190 190 G ravel w i t h ffine i n e and and Gravel with ccoarse o a r s e ssand and 12 2202 02 Contains C o n t a i n s water water C lay w i t h alternating alternating Clay with llayers a y e r s of r a v e l and and of ggravel ccoarse o a r s e sand sand 17 17 2219 19 Relatively R e l a t i v e l y impermeable impermeable W a t e r conditions conditions Water Dry Dry Impermeable Impermeable Contains C o n t a i n s water water 1127 27 Log of of w well Log e l l ((A A-- 66-- 11) ) 11 ccab a b --5S continued continued Material M aterial Thickness T hickness ((feet) feet) Depth D e p t h tto o bbottom ottom (feet) (feet) W a t e r conditions conditions Water Gravel with G ravel w i t h coarse coarse and fine sand and fine sand 10 10 2229 29 C o n t a i n s water water Contains Mostly M o s t l y cclay l a y with with aalternating l t e r n a t i n g layers layers of ssand of a n d aand n d gravel gravel 38 38 2267 67 H a r d .. Re R elativel latively Hard iimpermeable. mpermeable. 128 128 Log of II cab-6 of well w e l l (A ( A-- 6-l) 6 - 1 ) 11 cab-6 Date February April D a t e :: started started F e b r u a r y 19, 1 9 , 1969; 1 9 6 9 ; completed completed A p r i l 30 3 0 ,, 1969. 1969. Casing C a s i n g schedule: schedule: 20" from 0 tto 2 0 " casing c a s i n g from o 202 2 0 2 ft. ft. 20 ft tto 2 0 "" screen s c r e e n from from 202 2 0 2 ft o 2230 3 0 ft. ft. 18" ft tto 1 8 " casing c a s i n g from from 230 2 3 0 ft o 2240 4 0 ft. ft. Thickness Thickness Material Material (feet) (feet) Depth D e p t h tto o bottom bottom (feet) (feet) 5 5 C l a y , sand, s a n d , and and Clay gravel gravel 45 50 50 Relatively R e l a t i v e l y impermeable impermeable Clay Clay 35 85 IImpermeable mpermeable M o s t l y clay clay w i t h some some Mostly with s a n d and a n d gravel gravel sand 84 84 169 169 Gravel Gravel 5 174 174 C l aay y 2 176 176 G r a v e ll Grave 1 177 177 Cl C l aay y , sand, s a n d , and a n d gravel gravel 1 178 178 Gravel Gravel 4 182 182 3 185 185 10 195 195 3 198 198 33 33 23 2 3 11 9 240 240 Top T o p soil soil Water W a t e r conditions conditions Dry D ry I I Clay, C l a y , ssand a n d , and and gravel gravel C o n t a i n s water water Contains C o n t a i n s water water Contains I Cobble C o b b l e and a n d gravel gravel Cla C l a yy,, sand, s a n d , and and gravel gravel G r a v e ll Grave C l aay y Water Water APPENDIX IV IV APPENDIX R E C O R D S OF OF WELLS W E L L S LOCATED LOCATED IN I N OGDEN O G D E N VA VALLEY RECORDS LLEY I W"Ul N".: ce!iicriptin-n of wcU·numhcring system. Wel No.: See Secappendix appendixI for I for description of well-numbering system. Mr.th.-.d d1lg;dug; n, hyclr;J.ulk rotary; J,jetted. Met hod ofofconstruction: construction: C,C,cable cabletool; tool;D, D, H, hydraulic rotary; J, jetted. Casing: Finish Finhh --O. P, perforations; S. screen. Casing: O.open openend;end; P, perforations; S. screen. Altitude above interpolated from topographic maps. Altitude above me.-n meanIleasealevcl: level:Altitudes Altitudes interpolated from topographic maps. Watcr Wat er level: level: Levels Levelsreported reportedbybydriller. driller. Method S, !Oubmclsil,le pump; Met hod ofof Uft: lift: F,F,flows: flows;1.J.jetjetpUTTlP; pump; S, submersible pump; T, turbine T, turbine pump.pump. Yield: Fl Flow raterate of nonflowing weU,well, reported. Yield: ow t~tc i?tcofofflowing flowingweU wellororpumping pumping of nonflowing reported. Use U se ofofwateT: water: H.H,dmn~stic: domestic:I," in~ation; I, irrigation; O, water-level S, stock; U, unused. 0, w3t('r~leyel obscrobservation; ..alion; S, stock; U, unused. Temperature; Reportrd unle~s ntc:t:lured. Temperature: Reported unlessindicated indicatedbybyM,M , measured. Remark. and other data available: 8, b.cteriologic analy";, in tahle 17; C, chemical analysis in table in 16;table H, hydJograph of water Ic.els in fIgUre Remarks and other data available: B, bacteriologic analysis in table 17; C, chemical analysis 16; H, hydrograph of water levels11;in figure 11; \V,, water-level 15.15. 1heThe wellswells are finished in water-table aquiferaquifer unless unless oUlerwlsc indicated. W water-levelmemurcmenls measurementsin intnble table are finished in water-table otherwise indicated. '--'-- '---' 'il > .!! Casing Casing c ; g "S ., ..c .0 '0 !l g" Well No. Wel No. Owner or user Owner or user i! 8 ~ ~ (A-6-\) (A-6-1) laaa laaa Ibba lbba Ibbb ibbb 2aal"1 2aab-l 2aab-2 2aab-2 2dbd 2dbd 3abe 3abc 3ba!> 3bab 3dbc-1 3dbc-l 3dbc-2 3dbc-2 10aae lOaac lOaca lOaca IOd.c lOdac tOdoe lOdbc IOdbd tlI.eb Odbd llaob llbJd 11bde 1 llcab 11 cab \lch. llcba Ildcd IIdda-2 12ecb 12dcd J 3eed 13dce lldcd lldda-2 12ccb 12dcd !3ccd 13dcc I: 0 ....." 0 '0 0 :S I Q32 1932 1968 1968 1970 1970 1932 1932 1960 1960 IQ32 1932 1967 1967 1961 1961 1963 1963 1967 1967 1951 1951 1963 1963 1963 1963 1969 1969 1969 1969 1968 1968 1954 1954 1952 1952 1969 1969 Bureau of Recla. Bureau of Recla. Ogden Pineview Yatch O. G. Yeaton A. Lancaster Pineview Lodge & Resort U. S. Forest Service 1955 1947 1950 1960 C 1960 . , 1961 H 1955 1947 1950 1960 1960 1961 '"~ 0 .g ..... 00 o © 2~ -$~ " " E{i "'~ :a "'" i53c~ <3£ :l; " 0_" 8 .2 ~~ Q J. S. Eggleston J. Egglestim A. S. L. Murray A. Murray M. J.L.Rasley M.J. Raslev M. Fuller M . Fuller Lhyd Lloyd H. 8. Stalling H. B.lohnson Stalling W. F. W Johnson l1. .S.F.fllfcst Service U. S. Forest Service H. M. Gerber H. M . Gcrbcr W. F. Johnson W . F. Johnson Pineview Yateh Club Pineview G. Wood Yalch Club G. W o o d U. S. Forest Service U. Forest Service E. L.S.Rodford E. L. Rodford E. L. Rodhrd E. L. Rodford l!. R. Fullrr H. R. Fuller Realty [nsuraUCi:: Co. Realty Insurance Co. U.S.G. S. U. S. G. S. O~d.n City Corp. Ogden City Corp. Ogden Pineview Yaleh O. G. Yeaton A. Lancaster Pineview Lodge & ReSOlI U. S. Fore,1 Service 11 19.7 D D D 19. 7 D — C 105 C 105 666 105 105 C 94 93 C 94 6 93 15.2 D D D 15.2 D D 0 18 D 18 D 33.4 0 0 D 33.4 4,6D 187C 187 C 187 4,68 187 H 75 75 H 75 8 75 C 120 6 120 C 120 6 120 6,4 187 C 187 c 187 6, 46 155 187 C 155 c 155 66 155 C 350 350 c1\ 350 6 350 1~9 11 172 172 88 169 142 142 1HH1 142 888 142 130 130 H 130 86 151 130 C 151 cC 224 151 68 224 151 c 224 88 224 354 354 cC 354 8 354 C 237 c 237 20-18 20-18 237 237 -- 190 190 - 130 130 B5 135 145 c—500 145 500 H 133 133 8R 4 4 10-8 8 190 190 135 145 500 133 3Y> V/l 130 130 4 135 4 145 10-8 500 8 133 :§ .51 \0- '";§" ~ .-Yield W""":l Water level --;--~. ] .... ,-.. ~] |l ]E' 3g k" ~ o -;-.a -" "" ::,t!! D k .:a 4,935 -16.9 - 4,935 -16.9 4,916 -17 0 0 4,916 -17 P HO-R7 4,906 +4 P 80-87 4,906 +4 4,925 -9 - 4,91 4,925 -9 B -.- 44,926 918 -25.9 - 4,926 -25.9 6" O-Su 4.915 -23 6" 0-80 4.915 -280 P53-75 5,120 P 53-75 5,120 0 4.9'7(1 -47 0 0 4.970 -47 P 140-170 4.995 -28 PP70-tol 140-170 4.995 -28 4.945 -51 PpnS3 70-101 4.945 -51 ;.S48 ·12 P 22-53 * > , S 4 8 -12 1'114-169 4,940 ·~1 P 114-169 4.940 -32 P 124-P2 4.942 -38 P 124-U2 4.942 -38 P 114-130 4,948 -30 P 114-130 4,948 -30 4,918 47 00 4.918 47 P 170-191 .f,nO -69 P P170-191 4,920 -69 0-333 4,YI6 -',9 P 0-333 4,916 -79 20",0-205 -30 20", 0-205 4,s95 20" 205-230 205-230 4,895 -30 20" 18" 210-231 230-237 18" rP170-187 4,915 -70 170-187 4,915 -70 4,910 -18 4,910 -J-88 0 4,905 0 4,905 -8 P 138-144 4,920 42 P 138-144 4,925 4,920 •42 l' 400-500 P 400-500 4,925 00 P 110-133 4,921 -26 ~ 'S" S ~ ;j " .....e 0 :! Cl 8-17-32 8-17-32 4-\9-68 4-19-68 7-5-70 7-5-70 8-IR-32 8-18-32 — 8·18-32 8-18-32 6-20-6'1 6-20-<7 7-5·61 7-5-61 4-20-6J 4-20-63 6·20-67 6-20-67 Junr,51 June, 51 64-63 6-4-63 1(-29-63 11-29-63 9-LO.{i9 9-10-69 9-19.{i9 9-19-69 5-10-6b 5-10-68 11-8-.<4 11-8-54 12-11-52 12-11-52 4-29·69 4-29-69 10·29 55 10-29 55 5-15-50 5-15-50 10·2HO 10-21-60 4.{i.{i0 4-6-60 7-Hl P 110-133 4,921 -26 7-1-61 fa ..... 0 E '0 !9 0 :S ~ JJ S S F FJ J Q, ~ ,.: 10 20 -4 4 10 10 70 70 10 10 10 10 30 30 30 30 15 15 20 20 lli — 75 10 - 250 75 - 250 - 10 20 ~ "e ..... 0 ~ Q 0 1;1 :;;, o~ e B e c. E ~ H H 4-19-68 II 51 4-19-68 H 51 7-5-70 H,I,s 7-5-70 H.I.S U U H H 550M 0M IT U 6-20.{i7 H 6-20-67 H 50 H,[ 7·5-r11 7-5-61 H, I 50 4-20-63 !l 4-20-63 II 6-211-67 H 6-20-67 H — JIlne,51 June, 51. 64.{i3 H 6-4-63 H 11,[ H, I — 9-10-69 H 9-10-69 H 9-19-69 H 9-19-69 H 5-10-68 51 H 5-10-68 H 51 1I·S-S4 11-8-54 12-11-51 12-11-52- Te,t00 Woll Test Well 10-29-55 180 10-29-55 - 5-15-506.5 6 85 1O-2HO 5-15-50 8 10-21-60 4.{i.{i0 175 175 4-6-60 60 60 7-Hl 7-1-61 180 !l ~ .....'" 11 H N N 1I H 48 60 48 60 56 56 50 50 Remarks andother other RemMks Bnd data available data ovailitble H,W. H, W. H,W H W . ll,C,H,W B, C,H H,W HW , finished in artrsia.'1 aquifer Finish do do d0,C do. C do do do,C do.C do do do do do do do do I-' W 0 00 o Altitude above mean sea level --. :=-1-W.ter level Yield level Yield .li ..;, Water 0 -S ~ 'Oc f1.2" p.~ il Bi:i' "e""" :c 0. ·u ,~ .5 !.; Q~ -a ...:5 'C 'p" :;: ~ 0_ ~" 6.!1 ,0- ..:0\ f! ~ E '0 " ';; Q '- :.~ ~ 0 '-' -5 ~ Eo. . .!:9 ';; ~ ~ ....E 0 ~ Q VaHey Lake Valley LakeCorp. Corp. 1969 C C 198 198 1969 K. Jensen K. Jensen Glantz R.R. Glantz K. Jensen K.Jensen Il. Hinckley R.R. L.H. Hinckley C. Davey C.ll. L.S. Davey G. S. U. S. G . Allen S. F.r. Skeen Allen J. J.lJ. Sl. ccn Wilcox 13. 0.O. lcox W.Wi Down, G.G. W. Kei<c1 Downs fIIdg. Ogden Kcisel Bldg. Ogden V. Sloker J.J. V. Stoker S.1. S.E. 1.W.Quist Quist Crezee E.E. J.W.Carroe Crezee E.PaulJ. Carroe Pauland and M;ugret Margret Ann Smilh Ann Smith Cosec and Co. Cosec and Co. of Eagles rart·,,,,.1 Order Fartornal A. K. Cros<Order of Eagles A. K. Cross f. Miller T.T. Miller D. F. Hutchin, D. D. Hutchins F. MOTlin D. Garner F. Mori in L. L. Garner H. W. Jacobs Co. H. W. Jacobs Co. Mumford L.L. M mford W. J. u Poulter W. J. Poulter LllJld C.C.L. Lund Sioker L. Stoker J. i'ooorlander J. H. H.W.Noorlander Smuin D. D. VV.Thompson Smuin R. 1. R. L. Thompson Re"lty Insurance Co. Realty Insurance Co. F. Layton F. Layton N. W. Deek,tead N. W. Beckstead L. Malkos L. MalClark kos C. C. A. A.A. Clark Donnelsm, Jr. G. G. Thomsen A. Donnelsen, Jr. n. B. Thomsen A. A. P.P. Haney Haney 1953 C 164 12 125 70·125 5,075 ·24 9·12·53 1953 C 164 12 125 PPr70-125 5,075 -24 12-1~·64 9-12-53 54 1964 C 56 4,997 ·30 1964 C 54 886 56 PP 40-54 40-54 4,997 -30 10-16-52 12-15-64 1952 C 50 50 30-45 4,995 ·20 1952 C 228 50 8~8 227 50 P 30-45 4,995 -20 10-16-52 1965 C 181·227 4,940 4,940 -8 2·15·6S 1965 C 228 8-68 227 PP 181-227 -8 2-15-65 1967 C 55 55 P 50·55 4.978 ·15 1·17·67 1967 C 55 8 55 P 50-55 4.978 -15 1-17-67 ._ 12 4,962 -- 4,962 - - 84 12 -6 84_ 8-2-64 0 1964 C 4,935 -38 1964 c 84 6 84 O 4,935 -38 8-2-64 1968 C 92 92 0 4,n2 -21 7-30-68 1968 c 92 666 100 92 O 4,932 -21 7-30-68 1965 C 100 -ll 4.932 -11 7-8-65 1965 c 100 68 100 PPP72-100 72-100 4,932 7-8-65 1956 C n 78 60-75 4,925 -25 7-21-56 1956 c 78 88 105 78 P 60-75 4,925 -25 12·30-57 7-21-56 1957 C III P 85-105 4,920 -45 1957 c 111 8 105 PP85-105 4,920 -45 12-30-57 1960 C 4 88 7-27'{'0 4.923 1960 c 88 88 46 100 88 P 60-67 60-67 4.923 -28 -28 10-26-{j5 7-27-60 1965 C 102 4,935 ·18 0O 1965 c 102 6 100 4,935 -18 10-26-65 1962 C 63 4 63 4,935 -11 6-13-62 0O 1962 c 63 4 63 4, 9 3S -11 6-13-62 1968 C 84 4",74-84 4,920 -39 1968 c 84 84 6,4 6,48 160 84 4", 74-84 4,920 -39 6-28-68 6-28-68 1970 C 160 P 1~0-150 4,963 -15 1970 c 160 160 P 100-150 4,963 -15 5-21-70 5-21-70 0 1970 C 30 66 30 4-18-70 1970 c 70 30 30 O 5,115 5,115 -4-4 4-18-70 1958 C 6 70 0 5,112 1958 c 70 6 70 O 5, 1 12 — _ 1964 C 22 0 4·12-64 1964 Cc 22 22 666 23 22 O 5,115 5,115 ·5-5 4-12-64 1963 23 0 5,1 IS -8 3·27-63 1963 c 23 6 23 O 5,115 -8 3-27-63 1~5g 0 6 23 5,115 1958 Cc 13 23 6 21 23 O 5,115 _ 4-7-61_ 0 1961 6 1961 Cc 11 21 6 72 21 O 5,115 5,115 ·32·5-5 8-11-60 4-7-61 1960 C 72 4 0 5,117 1960 c 72 4 72 O 5, 117 .3/ -32 8-11-60 1957 C 4 61 61 8-6·57 -_ 5,119 1957 c 61 4 61 5, 1 19 -31 8-6-57 1950 C 56 6 56 P 47·56 5,032 ·24 3-28-50 1950 c 56 6 56 P 47-56 5,032 -24 3-28-50 0 1957 C 52 4 52 5,(138 ·20 6·21·57 1957 c 52 4 52 O 5,038 -20 6-21-57 0 1960 C 4 56 56 8-3·60 1960 Cc 56 44 S4 56 O S,003 5,003 ·26 -26 6-12·59 8-3-60 1959 54 P 21·54 5,005 ·21 1959 c 54 4 54 P 21-54 5,005 -21 6-22-59 1964 C 81 81 65/8 P 40·7~ 5,005 ·35 3-12-64 1964 c 62 81 6 5/8 81 P 40-75 5,005 -35 4·26-65 3-12-64 1965 C 6 62 0 1965 Cc 78 62 6 62 O 5,012 5,012 ·34 -34 4-26-65 1968 78 6 0O 5,005 ·17 7·12-{'8 1968 c 78 6 78 5,005 -17 7-12-68 1954 H 242 12 236 P 84'170,196·236 5,D20 ·38 12·17·54 1954 CH 242 12 236 P 84-170,196-236 5,020 -38 12-17-54 1960 0 58 4 58 4,992 6-460 ·9 I960 c 58 4 49 58 O 4,992 ·7-9 6-4 60 4 1959 H 49 P7-49 4,990 6·9·59 1959 H 62 49 4 62 49 P749 4,990 -7 10·25-63 6-9-59 1963 C 6 0 4,988 ·17 1963 c 62 6 62 O 4,988 -17 10-25-63 1960 C 54 4 54 P 25·54 4,982 -22 4·2-60 1960 c 54 4 91 54 P 25-54 4,982 ·28 -22 4-2-60 0 1970 C 6 1970 c 91 91 6 95 91 O .~,O05 5,005 -28 10-15·70 10-15-70 1969 C 95 6 P 85·95 4,995 -11 5·1I~9 1969 c 95 6 95 P 85-95 4,995 -11 5-11-69 1970 J 4 40 0O 4,978 4-6·70 1970 ] 40 40 4 40 4,978 ·12 -12 4-6-70 197 8 197 8 OO 24a"" 24aba (A-6·2) (A-6-2) 5b.h 5bab 55bbc bbc 5bee 5bcc 6bbb 6bbb 6dad 6dad 6ddc 6ddc 7a.b-1 7aab-l 7.ab-2 7aab-2 7aac 7aac 7ab. 7. iba 7bb1>-1 7bbb-l 7bbb-2 7bbb-2 7bcc 7bcc 7d.b 7dab 7rlbd 7dbd 8ddb 8ddb 12eaa 12caa 14bae 14bac 14bad·' 14bad-l 14bad-2 14bad-2 14bad-3 14bad-3 14b.d-4 14bad-4 15ba. 15baa 15b." 15bab 15bcd 15 bed 15cbb 15cbb 16lbc 16 a bo 16.bd 1 Sabd 16ahd I6abd 16aec 16acc 16acd 16acd 16.da 16ada 16bae 16bac 16bac 16bac 16bad 16bad 16bbc 16bbc 160aa 16caa 16cad 16cad 16cba 16cba P 130-150 4,916 -29 P 130·15(1 4,916 ·29 7-17-69 S 7-17-69 S JJJ J JSJ S S _ _S s S s S sJ J _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ J _ J _ T T _ SS Ss _ Ss S s 100 100 7-17-69 7·17-69 D~ " Z .!l ....~ ~ 0. 0 e ~ ;;> H,II H, H __ _ H H _ H 10·16·52 H 25 10-16-52 H,S II 20 _ H, S H _ _ II 0 _ O to 8-2-64 H 10 8-2-64 H 7-30-68 8 II 8 7-30-68 H 7-8-65 10 11 10 7-8-65 II 7-21-56 to 7-21-56 H 10 II 12-30-57 20 20 12-30-57 _ 44 7-27-60 H 7-27-60 H 10-26-65 H 656 10-26-65 H 6-13-62 11 5 6-13-62 H 55 6-28-68 H 6-28-68 HH 5-21-70 30 30 5-21-70 H 10 4-18-70 II 10 4-18-70 H 7·14-58 20 H 20 7-14-58 H to 4-12-64 4·12·64 II 10 II 55 3-27·63 3-27-63 HHH 20 7-17·58 20 7-17-58 11 55 4·7-61 H 4-7-61 H H 555 8·11-60 8-11-60 H 8-6·57 H 55 3-28-50 8-6-57 HH 5 3-28-50 H 66 6-21-57 H 6-21-57 11 55 8·3-<50 8-3-60 II1H1 6-22-.~9 5 5 6-22-59 H 20 3-12-64 20 3-12-64 HHH 10 4·26-65 10 4-26-65 H 10 7·12-68 10 12·17·54 7-12-68 HH 150 150 12-17-54 _ 6-4-60 H 55 6-4-60 H,l,s H 69·59 55 6 9-59 H.I.S 99 10-25-63 10-25-63 H H H,I 55 4·2-60 4-2-60 H, I II 10 10·15·70 10 10-15-70 H 35 5·11-69 H,' 35 5-11-69 H, 25 25 4~·70 4-6-70 H,S H,S 25 20 1 Temperature (°F) :a ;;:: 0 ~ G fl I E Use of water 8 ~~ ,oe; . +,.g v" > 1l Date of measurement Owner or Owner or user user ::l E I C j Well W el No, No. "u0 ~ ~~ I c Rate (gpm) ~l! ~ t: Finish Year constructed -g -"" Method of *ift u Date of measurement Method of construction l5epth of well (feet) Diameter (inches) Depth (feet) I "E ; Above(+) or below(-) landsurface datum (feet) ~ 1;\ <= :§ ., i U C--"sing Casing 1 ~ _ 441M 1M _ _ _ _ 51 51 51 51 51 51 _ 51 51 _ 50 50 51 51 _ _ _ 50 50 50 50 _ 42 42 51 51 52 52 _ 52 52 52 52 51 52 _ 51 51 51 51 _ 52 52 52 52 _ 52 52 _ _ - Remarks andolher other~ Rema.ks and data available data avail.bll! do do B,C,H,W B, CJ4,W H,W HW , H,W H W , B,C B ,C Replacement Well Replacement Well Deepened Deepened B,C,H,W D,C,H,W ... ... w 0 ~ )1 £0 ~ 8~ 2~ -S~ u.~ iSe "-,, ~ " o~ ... +'0 ~ '-" ";. u ~ 0 ..... .r> " <&l j 1 c: ~ ;! li ....." 0 " " Co ~ ..... 16cbb 16cbd 16daa-l 16daa-2 16dad-l 16dad-2 16dba 16dba 16dbb J 6dbb 16dbc-2 16dbc-2 16<11>0-1 16dbc-l 16dbd 16dbd 16ddd-1 16ddd-l 16ddd-2 16ddd-2 16ddd-3 16ddd-3 17". 17aaa J17aac 7aac 17bbc·J 17bbc-l 17bbd 17bbd 17eac 17cac 17ebd 17cbd 17cca 17cca 17dcb 17dcb 17dda 17dda 17ddd·1 17ddd-l 17ddd-2 17ddd-2 18aob 18anb 18"0' 18aba 18b,b !8bab 18bad 18bad 18d.,d 18dad 18dbb 18dbb 18dda 18dda 19.. c J9aac 19abb 19abb 19bca 19bca 19bd.-l 19bda-i 19bda-2 19bda-2 19bdb 19bdb 2000. 20baa 20bab 20bab 2laba 21 aba 2lada 21ada 16cbb 16cbd 16,I.a-1 16daa-2 16d,o-1 16dad-2 16dba 161lba G. Smith E. L. Brown W. J. Hart R. Lindsey E. Royer M. Ford C. Rasmussen C. II. Shannon L. Melly E. L. Brown F. G. Brown D. E. King A. King G.W. Prior R. Sparks W. L. Stokes R. E. Toyn 0. K. Knight L. L. Fielding A. G. Mumford C. H. Smith M. F. Schade L. R. Felt C. II. Holmes B.G. Allen H. Pnpt' G.H.Pope J. i'l'lcK3Y J.T. A.A.McKay M cKay T.J. M. McPdt"fSon Kay J.A. M.A. Peterson Berlin A.R. A. Berlin W. Grcdille Grcdille R.L. Bnmker W. L.D. B:D.linker Smith D.IJ.K.Low D. Smith D.U. K.S. Forest Low Service U.R. S.C. Forest Service lohnson R.R. C.J. Johnson Penton R.U. J.C.Penton Bowen U. L. C. B owen Peterson C.C. L. Peterson Froerer Corp. Froerer Corp. M. G. G. Froerer Froer.r M. Marshall IssaclOn Marshall Issacson FuUer T.T.Fuller G. SmiU, E. L. Drown W.J. Hart R. Lindsey E. Royer M. Ford C. Rasmus-~ell C. II. Shannon L. Melly E. L. Jlrown F. G. Grown D.E. King A. King G. W. Prior R. Spark' W. L. Sioke, R. E. Toyn O. K. Knight l. L. F,clding A. G. Mumford C. II. Smith M. F. Seh.rle L. R. Felt C. II. Holmes B. Allen 1970 CC 40 40 53 1954 CCC 51 53 1951 C 51 1970 CCc 57 57 54 1960 Cc 43 54 1943 c 79 43 1969 CCc 48 79 1942 c 35 48 1913 CDD 52 35 1956 c 52 1942 C-_ 49 49 82 1968 Cc 67 82 1960 Cc 53 67 1961 cC 53 53 1962 Cc 4~ 53 1958 Cc 42 44 1958 c 42 J9S~ C 1956 Cc 40 40 41 1962 1962 c 41 ~7 1961 C 1961 Cc 88 67 1968 1968 Cc 128 88 1970 1970 c 128 1963 C 65 1963 cC 65 1963 c 64 1963 64 196.1 c 50 C 1963 50 1962 C 52 1962 c 52 1%8 H 120 1968 II 120 19.6 1932 D 1932 D 19.6 1955 1955 cDC 155 155 1961 20 1961 D 20 1969 C C 94 1969 94 1932 D 19.7 1932 D 19.7 196h C 85 C 1966 85 1962 85 C 1962 C 85 191\1 II II 69 1961 69 1967 85 C 1967 c 85 1960 c C 71 1960 71 1964 c 7:5 C 1964 75 90 1961 C 1961 c 90 1965 c 84 C 1965 84 1969 c 86 C 1969 86 107 1970 C 1970 cC 107 1942 c 36 1942 36 1970 1954 1951 1970 1960 1943 1969 1942 1913 1956 1942 1968 19G0 1961 1962 1958 1958 4 40 40 0O 4,982 4,982 PP 47-53 4,987 ·16 4 53 53 47-53 4,987 ·32 -16 0O 48 5,028 4 57 48 5,028 -32 5,(122 -13 PP 39-55 6 54 57 39-55 5,022 -13 0 5,028 4 54 O 5mO 5,028 -37 -37 PP 10-43 -33 211: 2%6 43 43 10-43 5,010 -33 0O -14 79 5,007 6 79 5,007 -14 0 66 48 5,007 48 O - 5,0\0 5,007 -3? -37 35 D D 35 5,010 -22 P 42-52 5,002 66 52 52 P 42-52 5,006 5,002 -22 33 49 - 5,006 49 _ 0 66 82 5,007 -26 82 O 5.007 -26 0 4 67 5,02~ -22 4 67 O 5,025 -34 -22 0 -I4 53 53 0 5,023 5,023 -34 0 5,022 -21 4 53 4 53 0 5,022 -21 P9-44 4,971 44 44 44 P9-44 4,971 -9-9 P ]742 4,972 -11 66 42 42 P 37-12 4,972 -11 P 35·40 4,938 21b. 44 40 40 P 35-40 4,938 21b. 0 4,942 +1.5 41 444 67 41 O 4,942 +1.5 0 -8 4,955 4 67 O 4,955 -8 0 4,935 66 88 88 O 4,935 -9-9 P 86-94 4.93~ -37 66 128 128 P 86-94 4.932 -37 0 -I 4,932 6 65 66 65 00 4,932 -1 -9 64 4,970 66 64 O 4.970 -9 4,965 -3 50 0 64 52 50 O 4,965 -3 0 4,963 +I 4 52 O 4,963 +1 -I 4,917 97 66 97 PP 87-97 87-97 4,917 -1 -14.3 D 4,93\ D 4,931 -14.3 125-155 4.924 4.924 8R 155 155 PP 105-115, 105-115,125-155 .24 ·9 4:914 24 4, 924 -18-9 0 94 4,936 6 6 94 0 - 4,938 -18 -16.9 D 4,934 -16.9 D - 4,934 0 4,935 -13 -13 85 64b 85 O 4,935 0 4,91.5 -49 85 48 85 0 4. 91.5 -49 -I 26-51 51 4,~11 8G 51 PPP 80-85 26-51 4,912 -1 +10 85 4,938 64 85 P 80-85 4,938 +10 0 4,958 -49 -49 71 44 71 O 4,958 0 75 4,960 -4 -4 44 75 O 4,960 0 90 4,970 -50 46 90 0 4,970 -50 4,960 -12 -12 84 6 84 000 4,960 -4 86 4,962 -4 666 107 86 0 4,962 P 96-104 -37 5,002 64 107 P 96-104 5,002 -37 36 -36 0 5,005 4 36 O 5,005 -36 4 4 4 6 4 124-54 7·29·51 5-27-70 10-18-60 6-30-43 5-12-69 1942 12-4-54 7-29-51 5-27-70 10-18-60 6-30-43 5-12-69 1942 _ 8-7-56 8-7-56 _ 8-20-68 8-20-68 6-21-60 6-21-60 8-4-6 84-61i 4-3-62 4-3-62 5-1·58 5-1-58 11-10·58 11-10-58 8·9·56 8-9-56 5-11 61 5-1162 6-16-61 6-16-61 9-6-68 9-6-68 5-6-70 5-6-70 4-15-63 4-15-63 3-8-63 3-8-63 5-28-63 5-28-63 54·62 54-62 R·2-68 8-2-68 8-17-32 8-17-32 _ 8-23-61 8-23-61 4-25·69 4-25-69 8-17-32 8-17-32 7-15-66 7-15-66 5-25-<>2 5-25-62 74-61 74-61 9-11'·67 9-10 67 9-20-6U 9-20-60 H64 7-664 9-1-61 9-1-61 8-20-65 8-20-65 5-2-69 5-2-69 6-30-70 6-30-70 9-29-42 9-2942 r :il '" J _ J J SS J J _ T T T T JJ JJ SS J _ _ _. S S F F J J _ S S S s _S s _ -S s _J JS s _ _ _ J _ __ _ _S s T T 25 _ 20 20 55 _ 10 10 5 _ _ 10 10 55 55 55 55 _ 20 20 4 4 55 10 10 25 25 10 10 55 10 10 454 5 _ 60 60 60 60 10 10 10 m5 5 60 60 15 154 4 555 5 10 10 10 10 15 15 - '":S 0 ~c: ~ &l $ 0 1 ><" '0 ""e ' ~ F. "" 1,; PS ~5 10 10 Temperature (°F) Owner oroiuser user Owner 8 :; " .. " 'O~ E"fi Finish Well No. Well Nu. a ~~ Yield Use of water '2 E ....."u0 '"" ~Date of measurement ~ .li ~~ I Method of lift § F. I .", Date of measurement 1l . Water level Water level Above(+) or below(-) landsurface datum (feet) Year constructed Method of construction Depth of well (feet) Diameter (inches) Depth (feet) c: ~ i! Altitude above mean sea level j ; C.,;ng Casing 1970 HH 124-54 _ _ 5-27-70 H 5-27-70 H 10-18-<>0 10-18-60 HHH _ H 5-12-69 H 5-12-69 H _ _ H 1913 1913 H _ _ _ _ 8-20.f)8 II 8-20-68 H 6-21-60 H 6-21-60 H 8-4-6 I H 84-61 H 4-3-<>2 H 4-3-62 H H 5-1·58 5-1-58 H, H I _ H,I 8-9-56 Ii K 8-9-56 5·1Hi2 H,S 5-11-62 H,IIS 6·16·61 6-16-61 H 9-6-68 H 9-6-68 H 5-6-70 H,S 5-6-70 H, S 4-15-63 H 4-15-63 H 3-8·63 H 3-8-63 H II 5-28-63 5-28-63 H S,H,I 5-4-62 54-62 SJ^ H,I 8·2-68 8-2-6S H, I H,II _ H, 10-29-55 H 10-29-55 H 8-23-61 8-23-61 II II 4-25-69 4-25-69 H H _ H H5-{,6 H 7-15-66 H :5-25-62 H 5-25-62 H N 74-61 74-61 N 1I,s 9-10-67 9-10-67 H, S 11,1 9-20-60 9-20-60 H4 7-6-64 H 7-6-64 H II,!I 9·1-61 9-1-61 H, 8-20-65 H.S 8-20-65 H, S H 5·2-69 5-2-69 H 7-1-70 7-1-70 IHI H _ _ 44 44 _ _ _ _ _ 50 50 49 49 42 42 44 44 50 50 _ 41 41 51 51 50 50 _ 50 50 50 50 50 50 52 52 39 39 _ 50 50 51 51 _51 51 SO 50 50 50 _51 51 51 51 48 48 _ _ _ - ... .....E 0 2 <J Co 1970 124·54 i2 .~ B ~ '0 1;\ ;;, ~ B ~ ~ ~ I I Remarks and other uat:t data-ayaUable available Remarks and other .HW , H,W H,W HW , B.CJl.W iJ,CJI,W H,W H W , Arte,ian well Artesian well Ab.ndoned Abandoned H,W H W , N~t used, C,H,W Not used, C.H.W H,W HW , H,W H W . Artesian well Artesian well — iw> N J R. Birch S. C. Wsngsgard A. Patterson Jr. A. J. Shupe G. Messerly L. G. Merill J. C. Jones E. S. Price 1942 1956 1965 1957 1970 1963 1962 1970 L S. Pierce L. S. Pierce Valley Reliab. and Recreation Co. Recreation Co. W. n. Oro.n W. D. Brown C. F. make C.P. H. F. Blake M-vcr P. H. M «ycr W. Pl'm1ktpn W. Pendleton D. K. Rouerl, D. L.K. Warren Roberts E.E. L. Warren R. F. Mackay R. F. Mackay D. S. Tanner D. S. Tanner K, Jordan K.Jordan M. G. Jones M. G. Jones N. E. Wadsworth N. E. Wadsworth R_ M. Richins R. M. Richins W. Bailry W. Bailey E. L. lIadky E. L. Hadley W. L. Oailoy W. L. Bailey G. Il. Handy G. B. Handy l. L. Br(ljthwaite L. L. Braithwaite D. Tuck D. Tuck McFarland J.J.R.WW. .Ra..<\mtHiscn McFarland R.R. Rasmussen Jonos R.B. r.1.J. Jones EU':'t t!'cn B. F. Eucitscn R. L. Warren R. L. Warren I. D. Aple!!"rth J.H. D.Haldeman Aplegarth 11 Haldcrnan S. Hayes S.J. C. Hayes Lewis J.Larry C. Lewi s King Larry King B. K. Slorey B. K. Storey 1962 C 1970 C 1962 1970 1964 1964 1965 1965 1970 1970 1967 1967 1961 1961 1964 1964 1969 1969 1965 1965 1963 1963 19&3 1963 1964 1964 1969 1969 1958 1958 1970 1970 1963 1963 1962 1962 1969 1969 1969 1969 1970 1970 1969 1969 1965 1965 1970 1970 1969 1969 1963 1963 1954 1954 1963 1963 1962 1962 1970 1970 1970 1970 C C c c c c c c C C C C C C C C 44 37 37 37 81 81 65/8 6 5/68 16 81 76 6 76 30 44 30 30 105 6-4 6-46 IO~ 105 44 44 6 44 92 6 92 6 92 92 118 6 111 118 6 117 37 81 76 30 105 44 ~ O P 72-81 U-76 O P 38-110 O P 40-87 P 96-115 0 P 72-81 U-76 0 P 38-110 0 P40-87 P 96-115 .,:;;a 5,004 5.001 5,003 5,004 5,003 4.986 5,022 5,025 ~ ~ 0 ... .0 ~ <il ~ ~ 0 ...~ 0 ." 0 -5 ::s" -24 9-26-42 9-2642 TT J -15 12-10-56 12-10-56 J 6-4-65 S -8 9-29-42 64-65 S -9 9-2942 T-12 5-26-70 5-28-70 T 9-24-63 I -9 9-11-62 9-24-63 J 40 9-11-62 SSS - S 5,004 -24 5.001 -IS 5,003 -8 5,004 -9 ~.OO3 -12 4.986 -9 5,O21 -40 5.025 5_372 6 33 0 c 33 33 66 47 33 5.372 0O c 47 47 6 47 O 5,200 5,200 50 50 P 38-50 5,210 C H c 70 50 8 50 PP 52-67 38-50 5.242 5,210 70 C 66 70 c 59 70 P 52-67 5,242 0 59 5,210 C cC 135 59 /4,1066 120 59 O 5,210 5,244 c 135 14,10 120 PP 57-117 57-117 5,244 0 20 C 6 5,236 cC 20 20 6 20 O 5,236 0 5.203 71 8 71 cC 82 71 8 71 O 5,203 82 0 5.202 6 cC 85 82 6 82 O 5,202 0 6 85 cH 92 85 6 92 85 O 5,178 5,178 4 P 81-92 5,162 H 92 4 92 P 81-92 5,162 P 1S7-202 5,160 H 2M 6 204 H 204 66 204 P 187-202 5,168 5.160 75 75 C Q 75 6 75 5,168 80 83 cCC 132 83 65/866 132 80 P 88-91,122-132 PP 80·113 80-83 5,202 5,202 5.275 c 132 6 5/68 122 132 P 88-91,122-132 5.275 P I02-IIH 5.205 cCC 122 122 6 122 PP102-118 5,205 60-150 5.278 6 150 cH 152 152 6 150 P 60-150 5.278 5,158 66 90 H 90 90 90 PP 27-90 27-90 5,158 0 105 5.02'1 75 C 6 c 75 6 105 O - 5,1 5.027 \0 6 76 cCC 71 76 6 76 76 - 5,074 5,J10 0 66 71 cC 87 71 71 0 5,074 05,080 6 87 c 87 6 87 o 5,080 C 105 6 105 c 105 6 105 PP 63-92 63-92 5,102 5,102 6 P 85-92 5,078 C 92 92 cC 81 92 6 92 P 85-92 5,078 0 5,062 66 81 cH 140 81 81 0 5,062 4 140 P 70-100, 120-130 5,080 H 140 44 140 P 70-100,120-130 5,080 0 45 5,088 45 C C 45 4-34 395 45 O 5,088 H 395 P ltiO-395 5,080 H 395 4-3 395 P 180-395 5,080 0 4,987 4 C 75 75 C 75 4 75 O 4,987 6 280 P 255-275 5,020 C 280 C 280 280 P 2S5-275 5,020 0 C 6 C 89 89 6 89 89 O 5,002 5,002 -9 -9 10-6-62 10-6-62 — 9-HO -8 9-3-70 -30 9-5-64 -30 9-5-64 J -25 2-1-65 -25 2-1-65 -34 8-20-70 -34 8-20-70 ~ -45 45 7-25-67 7-25-67 JJJ - IJ -35 -35 10-29-64 10-29-64 J -43 8-6-69 S 43 8-6-69 s -31 6-10-65 -31 6-10-65 5-17-63 -67 -67 /2-18-63 5-17-63 -67 -67 12-18-63 -49 49 8-27-64 8-27-64 -S -80 -80 9-15-58 9-15-58 -68 7-10-70 S -68 6-10-63 7-10-70 -35 -35 6-10-63 — +5 7-;2-62 I +5 7-12-62 J 7-9-59 ·n -13 6-\3-69 7-9-69 SJJ -39 -39 6-13-69 s -29 11-6-70 -29 8-29-6Q 11-6-70 -47 -47 8-IO{;~ 8-29-69 -45 -15 8-10-65 J 6-2670 -8 -8 6-26 70 -18 7-18-69 -18 7-18-69 -40 6-25-63 -40 1I-22-H 6-25-63 -19 -19 11-22-54 J -40 7-3-63 -40 7-3-63 -S 9-10-62 -39 -39 9-10-62 S 42 42 9-15-70 9-15-70 Ss -24 -24 9-25-70 9-25-70 -8 '? !9 " o:J 0 " ~ 0 25 25 10 10 10 10 9 9 10 10 IS 15 12-10-56 6-4-65 5 15 10-6-62 9-3-70 5 15 5 5 IS 15 10 10 10 10 9 9 35 35 10 10 15 15 IS 15 25 25 10 10 10 10 8 87 7 10 10 10 10 25 25 10 10 8 8 2 10 10 -5 5 I~ 15 10 10 12-10-56 64-65 5-28-70 5-28-70 9-24-63 9-24-63 9-11-62 9-11-62 7-27-70 7-27-70 10-6-62 9-3-70 9-5-64 9-5-64 2-1-65 2-1-65 8-20-70 8-20-70 8-6-69 8-6-69 6-10-65 6-10-65 12-18-63 12-18-63 8-27-64 8-27-64 1969 1969 9-15-58 9-15-58 7-[0-70 7-10-70 6-11}-63 6-10-63 7-1H2 7-12-62 7-9-69 7-9-69 6-13-69 6-13-69 11-6-70 11-6-70 8-29{;9 8-29-69 8-10-65 8-10-65 6-26-7() 6-26-70 7-18-69 7-18-69 6-25-63 6-25-63 11-22-54 11-22-54 9-10-62 9-10-62 9-15-70 9-15-70 9-25-70 9-25-70 Temperature ( F) '5 :5 ~ ...."0F- E ~ "rJ ....E (~ I" o- Use of water " t;a +-ij C')C) f, Date of measurement ' ~~ .os c § Rate (gpm) . E-fi =z"' .. iSe. o@, ..," ~ ~ Method of lift -5 ~o ::s" ~"'- R. Birch S_ C. Wangsrard A. Patterson Ir_ A. J. Shupe G. Messerly L. G. Merill I. C. Jonc, E. S. Price V.Uc}, Rehab. and 1942 1956 1965 1957 1970 1963 1962 1970 0 ii ~ ~r;;;- Finish :. >! ....0 ....'"~ .., 0 0 ... ">0 ~ 2-:;- GO GO 2 lade 21bbb 21bca 21cba-l 21 ebb 21cbd 28aad 28aba (A-7-1) (A-7-1) 6ecb 6ccb 7abc 7abc 7dda 7dda 7ddb 7ddb 7ddd 7ddd 8cbb 8cbb Scbd 8cbd 8ecb 8ccb 17bbd 17bbd 17bea 17bca 17eac-1 17cac-l 17e3e-2 17cac-2 17ebb 17cbb 18ada 18ada 18ade 18adc 18aod 18add I~dba 18dba 19.ad 19aad 20aaa-l 20aaa-l 2(\"".-2 20aaa-2 20aad-3 20aad-3 20a.d·1 20aad-l 20aad-2 20aad-2 21bbb 21bbb 21bbe 21 bbc 22ccc 22ccc 22eed 22ccd 270aa 27baa 28doe 28dac 28bad 28bad 28dbb 28dbb 21 ade 21bbb 21bea 2lcba-1 21ebb 21cbd 28aad 28,b. Owner or user Owner or user := Diameter (inches) Depth (feet) Wel No. Wenl Nu. 15'-' E OS Year constructed ~ ~ ~ S Yield Yield " ] ~ " 0 ·c ~ 1 Water level " I~"!.!~~ > .!!I Date of measurement Method of construction Depth of well Casing Casing Altitude above mean sea level j f Above(+) or belov. (-) landsurface datum (feet) c ~ ...~ 0 ~ ::> H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H.I H,I S S H H H H H H H H H H S,H,I SJI.I II H H,I H, I H H H,I,S H,I,S If H H H H H (-I H If H H H 11 H H H II H H H H H H,I,S H,I,S H H !! I & '" E ~ 41M 51 41M 51 51 51 - Remarks and other data available Remarks and other da~a available B,C B.C C,H,W C,H,W Replacement Wen Replacement Well 50 50 50'. 50 • 58 58 50 50 43M 43M — 50M 50M 50 50 - H,W H W , • AI te.l)ian well H.W h,C,H,W Artesian weli HW . b,C,H,W H,W HW , H,W HW . B,C B,c ...... CO w CO w 28dda 28d.,. 191010 29ada H.bd 29abd1 29!>aa· 29baa-l 29b..·1 29baa-2 29cad 12dtJa 32dba J2d<:d 32dcd ]4.1>1 34aba ~ ' 34bba nedd 35cdd 36bdd ",,' ... ""'" A. B.M.I B. Mal... an A. II. L. Stor.y H. L. Storey E. N. Stony E.R. C. N. Storey R. C.SShaw haw L. J. CIw ~ L. J. Chard G. P. Honderson G. P. Henderson Allbu. Chri••io ...... ArthurChris.ian Christiansen Althu. .... Arthur Christiansen R.C , Jordon R. G. Jordon Clark R. R. Clark C. Fuller C.Bu.Fuller Bar. B.Co. B. Co. 75 15 SO 80 82 82 U 65 105 105 126 126 193 193 264 264 118 118 1S 75 19.1 19.7 95 95 4 6 6 64 4 4 4 10 10 12 162 6 6 oD 6 75 80 82 65 lOS 105 ]26 126 193 193 16<t 264 118 118 75 95 · ·· " " " oO oO oo o0 P6HOS PP 6H 65-105 26 PPSO-I10 63-126 PP4(1.255 50-170 P 40-255 PP 1(l(I.Il7 100-117 P P 65-15 65-75 P65-9S P 65-95 4,982 4.982 5.074 5,074 5,088 5,088 5,Ill 5,122 S.US 5,135 5.334 5,334 SAIO 5,610 -26 -26 -18 -18 -22 -22 -38 -38 -36 -36 - S;i80 5,980 -IS 4,970 4,970 -35 -15 4.983 4,983 ·n.s -35 4,1I3D 4,9305 -45 -12.5 4.M 4.945 •45 7-23-57 6-13-64 S·H) 8-8-63 11·18-49 11-28-49 9·3062 9-3-62 11·5 -61 11-5-62 _ }·IO-6S 3-10-65 1-11-69 7-13-69 '818-32 ·I'·}1 1·5 -4 9 7-549 1·2].57 6-13-64 — J _ _ _ _ J T T '"2010,5 7-23-57 6-13-64 8-8-63 "'"15 11-2849 30 9-3-62 " 11-5-62 20 '"'"150"25 12-31-66 200 7-20-63 "__ 3-10-65_"20 1·2}·57 6·13-64 8-3-6 3 1l ·1849 9·3-62 11-5-62 12-3 1-.66 7-1~J 3·I~S Temperature (°F) Date of measurement Rate (gpm) Method of lift S S S S S S j Use of water ··".." Date of measurement C C C C c II H II II C C C C C C C C D D - 1951 1964 C .. Yield Yiold Wl te. k«l Water level Above(+) or belcw(-) landsurface datum (feet) 1957 1964 1%3 1963 1949 1949 1962 1962 196 19622 1966 1966 1963 1963 1965 1965 1949 1949 1932 1932 1949 1949 ',; Finish ... Owner o.oruuser Ow .... Method of construction Depth of well (feet) Diameter (inches) Depth (feet) Well No. Year constructed g Altitude above mean sea level | Casing '''''' H " H 51 S," H " 51 H " " H3 _ H,S - S.II ""'. " H H H H H H _ H H H " _ 45 _ 43M _ - ". Remarks• ..,d and"nether R<m"k ••,. data. .available dll ..... hl. B,C O£ B,C H.W HW , CO i