Design of plant for low temperature carbonization of Utah Coal by Karrick Process

Coal is undoubtedly one of Utah's most important natural resources, there being about 200 billion tons of good bituminous coal available in the State. It cannot be said that too much attention is being paid to the scientific utilization of coal. With that in mind as well as the present day problems such as the smoke menace, the future need for a state oil supply and industrial growth we are compiling this thesis.

STUTZ ENGINEERS - ------------_______ INOUSTRIAL WASTES 2960 EAST OAKRIDGE DRIVE SALT LAKE C ITY . UTAH. 84 109 PHONE [phone] Septemoer 29 , 1930 ~~ . Richa r d L . B~we r Exec utive Director Spracraft Research 1160 :':ea d:n·l Lane Suite "'10 , -' ':{'31 Concor d , ~iiforni 3 , 94520 Dear Mr . E:)wer : You called Saturday , Septe~her 27 , 1930J reear d i ~G a ttesis subr.i tted by 'dilliam A. Larse rr a~d my self tJ t~e Uni versity :)f li ta h , ~iay 1 5 , 19 3 2 , e n ti t l ed "De sic;n of Plant f:) r L'J '.i Te"1perature Car h':mizati::m a~ Ut ah Cryal By Karrick Pr'Jcess . 11 'j e b :3.Ve l oea t ed our c09Y 'Jf the thes is . It c J:1 te i!'l. S 53 type writ ten paces , 12 f ol Jed in Blue Print s a nd 12 i :1sarted penci l note c:w:r::e:.1ts hy >1r . l':arrick . The tt~sis i s b'Jun (] a~d C8:1 te Xnr'Jxed except f or ane ta~ 1 3 , t t~ 12 El ua Prints gnd t~e i~s o rt e d ge~cil nltes ~J Kerrick . TIle t31 ~ l e w, u l~ n 3~~ t? be r et ~ n0d as wel l 3S K~rri c 1< ' s not3s if you d ,~ sired these . " 'T1.e E. l ue Pri!'1~s would be diff i cul t t-l r epr.,duce wit h:>Il.t c:ms i If.l ra b l e ex - pense . Plasse advis e what y~u ,,~~ l ~ l ike f?r us t) do . William ArthUr Larsen 90) E. 4050 S. Ogden, UT 8440) (801) 621- 6181 Spacecraft Research Foundation 1160 Meadow Lane, Suite 81 Conc ord, CA 9u520 (415 ) 686-2284 '\ /\.7 1 .. ' ', .. IV , -} • • ,'. - --- . . • , to tbe :'''.!O' .,.::t:> he.e assisted 1..: 8".l'f'plying the necessary in-fo~ tioD ~d eata to co~plete teia thoeia. We are especially D~ive~~ity of Utah for r.is e~~.lste:t aS81a~c.; to Mr. L. C. D;..:-::"'i c:.: , i::.e::.ior of 1::.~ FocecE o'.:.tlbec!. for hi. l.::ve.l:cable coo;.e:-etio:: s:::.c.. i.~or=.!.tior.; and to Ur. G. O. Wardrop for hit! . . . .. .. . . .. .. .. . . . .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. o 0 • .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Produ.cts cbt~ed fro::o Lo~Te:!1pe:-etur~ :.rJ":.c~ i :e tio:: .. ("e ) Oils Deaig::. of :':..it Fle=.t .. o 0 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ( a) !oc~tion .. . .. .. .. o • 0 ?ege 1 ?egeS ?eg.6 Fage g ?ege 9 Fag. 12 Page 16 .. ?-....;-e 1; PS£e 1; ~e IE F&€e 20 Page 25 "",. 26 ~e 25 Pl'.f:e 40 Vel'~e of r:'C~<lCts :per t o: o~ coe1 trectee..· 46 '0 - RISTeR! 0:" .U""'£ OOJ.L b i ta:rtinous COl".l evaUable ::..:.. L':' :!.-:::te. It ce=ot be s:::.i~ uii l i:atloc. o ~ cool . I'itb teAt U:. II'bd as ~11 es the prese:lt ~v pro~l~s &UC~ ae the ~ke ~~~ce, the fu~re neec fo~ a EtC.:<?' "'11 sU"O'pl;- end.. indu.strial g:"O-.:tc, Te e:c ~~:? il iI:z t 'b.1e ConI is fC~Q in vericu.& nerts of U~ac, the l argest r!. d c"s bei.::.f, 1.:. Ce.:":lo'4 Co-c:::. ty. (5 ee ::.a:p) lI:!:e : :,et.:,ceoue cd ~e::"ti!l-.-:: '!"'O'cl:::t! t ==. t contain the • ':'=:e :~ €t.:,v er ie f:):-...::.:!. tic::. t::. e :::lO s t i=';XI rte::. t c':lB.l­:' e ~1::e !C:-:::l.:. t !.o!:., ~l"n c. s z Cos t 0: ~=.e c::I a l be!!:.€" ml%:e~ b the 5t::.t;e , !!!!.c.. c :o ::. :=i~!I t~ !'~e!l~"!!c ret'erves. Z!:e !I.e.l"lCOG fometton b places cot!tai!: ~ velueble coel, ao=.e o'! w~ic!::. 1s mined on It la=ge scu-e, but 0:: tLe w=oleo it is by- no ::le~s so 1mlXl'rtent • 1. , . "" .. Coal b the more r ec~t fomat1oIls .. h boor;:: at e v ~ry rel"!' plec'3s ec. r.O'!le o! it i s l1kel:; t..:l be of coa:merclal i:nportanc6. In rank And qual1t7 Utsh coals e=:.t:=.."""ncite. c-.:.t coet of tben B.!'e r::e ii~ t o 1:.!g!l grc.de bltu... (1) m!:louG.· ( T!U::~ from .b.e.17ses of Utc Coala. Cept. Int.) ~U!let!..:l i345. I~re tl:.s: 9C% of the coel oined. in Utah has come fro:::l Cs.:"oo: Co'Clty cd t::'e no:,~ern part of Dnery Cou:nty. :;.::.e coal of t:.ls area is 8 high ~ade blt'\Xllinoua coal car:-y i~ f~ o'V'er 12:K>O to 14000 B. t . u. on 8!l air dried ":l'SGi&.1 ( ;;. or. Fn=-ker ... roAL; O'.SG.S.l.!in. Ees. 1910) 611:-'-- ea:l;.- r=:;lorers a& Esc2.len te . J'b Erld.ger. end CS!)t. Utah. T".c..e lZ95 rep:lrt o~ the Coal !!i:c.e IIlS?ector for the -..:.=.tU l ater years. Since abc~ t 1910 t he cae! industr,{ has Industrial Comm. of Ut&l::.) Utah produced 5,072,521 tone or cos:. 1n 1929. T"c.e output tor t he -rear WeB vc1ued at $ 12,125,000.00. (1) :;eolo"" of t he Utah Coe1 !,ielda. Ed;n\:nd ll. Spieker (U.S. Goo. SUr.) ..... !i. " • !!o:-c tb::::. 500) mfm were emplo;rc-':' et the :::line& at a payroll ot waS 61>e'tlt for nell' equipne:nt . (?"l'>rt i4. 1929 Indus t rial Co=1.61on of Utah) ''!'!le .' coal ~lle:-, ec:~rd1n& to the figures of t!:iB year was spe:: t : 31 ce=.ta fa :' r~1 e-1': t, 22. c c ents for labor, 12.2 for c!reye.ge, 9 .. 3 tor yerc.. expe:!lIe , 4.~ for mine suppl iEs, L2 for taxe£. 1.1 for !=C'lter, 2.3 for ieplet10n end deprec i a t ion , 9.7 for oTerhead end :-::;-e.1 ~1eG.· .!.c:ore.it:.g to ~-.o Be ri~es t!:!.e railroad. received about $ l C, 300.CY'..o; Roout $ 4 ,050 ,000 Wel:.t to haul8Ee and dra..v~e : a=.t 8"o::n:.t $ 400 ,000 wer.t !'or taxes . ':1:ese t~e8 to:c.s m1.!:ed. 1= 1:'31. (."-J,.-. ~-~- .-. ~ ~ _ , ,":: -# _ ' . ... "eo ~ - -_., --- ' ~ . - .. .I.. ) • ~",.. ' - "'- . _." .... "'. \";,,, 1929' , 71'3 , 225 tor:e tc rCal:.o, 2u..'J:)O to:;s to [a:c.e 2.s , S2'JQO ton8 1?9 .3: 1 to!! ! to Oregon, 2,133 ,022 tons. col!. ill Ut~, 311,751 tons t:J I'o ciling ton , end 36,250 ton ~ gob€; to 'r1dewater trade • . - -.-~ - --------- ' .. .. ,,. rallroadc COr.;S\t:Jec. 325, 000 tons . Tbe Q.."l.rket is Been to be eoncentratec. in Ut6-.'t. Ccl i fo l"!l!:! , I c"'--o , Nevada end. Yiash ing ton are the l l!!..r gest OUt-O! ... 9t9tfl eot:8m8!"S. \ It oigCt be 1nte r est ing to note that the eee1llbl y • ~n!"~f" out~: o! C-;)pl 11 but !I. met'!€er ?, r t 1Clr. of the Stete ' • C:lal r e&o'.:.:-::es. (ir:.d.. EGp::lrt ot Utr.l:) '!he eoe.l content or - 196 ,453 , Q-Y-t ,1)):) t~ s, enough coal to last tbe cUre U. S • . 40J jea=~ 1~ all t~e o tcer coal pro 6~ing a:eas were Ahut <!D"".' ( :loal liill~ ill Utsh ".,. C • .A.. J.lle:) '':!lere 1. 13 .1}0 s~e mil es ot land in Utah boW%: to conta1n "Orkable c ::;,ol. At t=.e e:.~ of 1921 a'Ppro~te~ 70 ,000,000 1!'ere ml:::.ec!., r:.:!..c:-: :,ep:-ese-::.ts o::.ly .:bout .05 o! l~ of t:"e tote.! a~e.11able 8U'C'":lly •• C: .:..2. i.e t:"l~o\:.t a tiJu'\;t o::e of e:.e mejo r 1.!ld:!ls tr1ee o~ Ut~ . !t!.s ho'll'ever pr eetic.zlly 'l::ceveloped whe::l ~e tC:.l c:=. s=e r. :; ~ ~::..!!.::. e d r el:!t1.velS t:::l ::.::. o.::.c.. !'eur ot::l.e: s tates It;,:s ~ be deel t wi tl:I acco rdingl,. • o'! r esin eo ~_ l in Salina C3T.yon 1\t:ic= 15 being developed tor i ts resin content. }leu Col eville 1n Wy~1.n € there 18 a wpply of' I. .. --.~ .. (~'Ill UTAH ooAL PRODUCERS ASSOOIATIOII Tonna(!:8 Produced Total 1930 161;: 160 ' 369:~ ;;~6:~ ~; .116: 11;,-. 654 141. ~ 162 .908 1: 30.210 410 .4111 519:26~5211:';~-51~,g6214:~. tCD Total 1931 e l0. 686 \242. 5[;3 2111'.124 162.492 1:11.602 103.110 83. 882 161.064 ,336.233 3111.359 14~2. 29~1 533 . 117,3.292.~6!1 Decreaee j165.094 12b.635 14.n6 -Jb.O:12 Q'1.330 79 .020 b3.2001 1Q. 208 111.908 1112. 2"2 ~3 .085 921.130 ! I , fu:cl'ceee I -.-l . 9.026 I I II ij- ' J en Feb IInrch Anril " .~. Tobl Tonnoge PnHhlccd by F1eld, f or Five Preceodlng loora, Shown by Monthn. , , , - ) 1 - 1929 685.323 620 .1113 310. '1'19 '05.655 2~6,973 ?13.076 226.150 313.916 441.115 541.946 f 92.212 546.620 5 .102,4513 1928 518 . 504 364.669 3115.919 306,220 2119.446 23 11 .061 263.713 348.263 416.845 555.689 416.690 611.911 4.~o6 .9 90 1921 495 . 686 388 .560 365.802 313,)13 35(,. 230 ~H7. 169 340.112 415.269 ,,., '" '''',''' t""" "',O~ 4.142.590 1926 4Gs. 3 69 310. 082 210.915 2'55 .153 315 .117 111 .330 321.942 361.539 348.812 4i3.411 , 79.086 '429 .891 4. 2g4.353 51:}.569 293.926 231 .1160 ~5.644 298.404 I , ' , 192'5 299.001 303.313 395.795 :;01.352 521.311 r 50.112 439.185 It , 626, ;.41! " , I I " ,. "",, .~ . ,~~ "'--... 1~"-'-. "-••" "~--~-' '. l ,~ ... ~ ."-... -.. .-. --., -: = t...:.~ L:¢ z:' ;':.e ~.e.s '0 _". _ __ .. ---: .... -~...,. .- :c:: ~" " "'- •-- -".-,- , -,• L t f 32,355 11 , 613 ;. r .. .. l rn .... OJ,. /,; . 0:;' c..1 l j , Cr) 525.90g 611 1,10S 194 &;-:;5 ,4 Q.., .l.; 412 5;.5eJ. 52,012 -'t4:~ 50 ,05"0' ?~~ , 61 2 619 n,~tl ., IT"Z "l!~ - ... .., . I ' - ~2;: , 049 ~~: . " •.. !'·,1 . 20 ,0;;5 2, 756 ! ,07S 735,7E1l 313 12 lC2"ZS U7 .!31 1;7,7~ 2,lS'7,062 2; ,424 331,354 46,201 23.212 48.319 6,223 21 401. 216 742 467.873 6.018 715. 226 S4 24.001 82.966 35.524 ,'-~4 .31 9 191,390 2,139 ,022 311.757 329 390 _ r 2"'­) 0, IJV '52,';~9 56. 570 51,223 1,410,193 ;,;13 ::51, 564 326,0]0 ':; ~.:.~ 127 ., t='- -"'\!, '-, . , ..o , '£', .. '--T ." ."..... 797 . 045 OO 'S'.!!7G T'r:~ Y!:A.? 1929 1 .w .~- 27.951 1.202.141 138.731 14.064 1.w °504 "' 2 .~- Oc:_; . 6h6 . ..:.--.- - 15.295 ,t . c( 58.572 194.445 40.303 163,451 ;99,463 2.0~g,622 1ST , 591 11:1 ~7. ... -, ,, - 3,9S5,005 ,86.145 !; &:3'2 7 25 • .J ' .. 6,750.941 !'ro:l !ull et1!1 !".lblllhed by Bureau of L!1nea, c=::~~ e:!. 'DT Division, in c",operatlon rl~ the Brookings Institution. ------------------Jo--h-n- -~.- Doolin, Secretar.r~ . - -_.,-- - - -_._- . :i;: i .~_ ;);'1" ~ ----. -.-' 1!- ;!.," -~ c~ .. The ~ke problem in Salt Lake City hal become ao ... c:-it1cal th:J.t a lClO~e COI!mittee ,h aD } p te and reJX)rt on the situation. been app::dnted. to 1nTes~!':" ­Fro:: the lnves UgaUon :. , ~~. carried on. the committee f01md that O:l Ja:raa.17 I, 1932, there .:~~ .l:,:i , ... ~~.:~ 1fere a'PPTOx1.-ua.tely 29000 homes in Salt Lake City. III tho •• ' -..". "'.~ • '::i. .· ,c. ~ .~ ~- ho'Qc& t.::ere are 15000 !'.l.l"Daces. 3000 hot water end Itea:n heating:- " . ... ....,. units , c.nd 11000 benting ItoTel. 'rl:. ••• 29000 r esident hoat1l1g unih are fired in tb.e following ma:::mera; gae 4000, etoke" 1000, 011 a-.J.r:lers 300. end hand\flred 23700. In esc!l. o! theee residences t..';.e cook stoves are tired in ti:e following manner: electric 10500, gas 155CO, c~Gl 30JO. 3e&iies ~e 290~ r et i cencee ~ere are ~ e ~ : r e~ t ~ tte follo ~ng ~~ "ner: gn~ 250, .toke ~ s 300. ~ e - c tired ! :-o:: t=.e c.b::lve data it i:1 evB.ent t."-l. .. t t!!.e Winter !ClOke ~eace i6 causec!. by the band !1.!'ec c~cl. bu..-:lers used for hesting 251 ~,O, or gl·_.~ , are '• irs~' b.'" '~--_-~. C_' t'_- e-De ~~~"I"JO , o_· 7~W .~"~"-t are in re6id.e:lceB. It, l!:ig1:t 'be ~ss1ble to eO!:pel tbe instal lation of ctoke:-& or ~s Cur:l.i.ng f'U.I':lllC es in t=e 14:,"0 ape..!'tment end. busines8 hou.ses but it 18 almost an impossibility to co:!!p81 tne 23700 re siden t owners to instoll gaB or stokers at their present coit. , ..';. ,---.' ., T"lle only teae1ble solution to the snoke problec. aeene to be 'j i n the plrtctr.g or. t~o: ':!erLe~ a c!esira'ole anokcless fuel 'ff1thtu the price range of even the poo, r.e st reaident owner a, nd Which ClUl be bu.-""D.ed 1:1 his e:lres dy" installed he.9.ting 8t?Uip:oent.. '!'he '. !mOkeleee f uel produced b~ tbe Karrick process ot lo .. -carbonia.tiou of J tah coal aean to meet these specifications. T"c.ls product will sell 1.n Salt Lake City at trom , $ 6.00 ~ to $ ~. 50 per ton end Ca:> b. buruod 1n t!1. pre.ant installed ....... bea ting equ1~en t in the homes. EIS'l'OEr OF I.OlI-TDLPl:!l.tTu..u: CL'!OOIIIZlTIOI! Low..tClll!)ersture carbonization of coal 1_ no~ ]lBY. .1 ~:,eD.t deal of scientific ond techno l ogicsl wor~ haa 'been done on It is close::" allied with the :"::"!!lci,les ~bod!ed in Cle industries .::'ic.=. 1':'Oo.::e ~e oil 1L Scot1 ~c a.:::.d. '&".lstralla. The lJ".l.bject ·oegan to receive governmental eid about 1905 ~d aince then a g.:res.: :It=.''t: e!'' a.=.d variety o! p~ce!3!e!3 U:!~e bee:: developed. and ?ate::ltG i6::-':ei. 'n:e =&~ ~ro=-!s!.!l~ :;:::-oc essea ot treati.ng coal 'The principle pro(!ucts of low-ta::Jperatu:-e carbo1l1cation e !"!! s:::noitele:sG !".J.el, tar-o!.la end gas. F:"'o:!l U~&1 coals particularlr t:i:lere lD.eY be produced tar eclds,resbs, ar.d ammonia products .. The qu..:mUt1es and characterl.tlc~ of each of' theee pro4a.ctl , , ---.- .-~ ----., . :' ':: ... -:-" . " I '" ("I -l',ii' , , - , . J ' ' ..'- " " ----:-- ----'-',. • "'-,- 'II .. --~---- -- - --~-- -- . - -- obt:llned from carbonhation vari eG more with- the type -of col.'tl used , • t::.an 'lfi til t::::'e metl--..od of r.eati~ .- EoiFever the tanpera turc: a:ld-~~- t1me of heatir.g grea tly i nfluer:.'c.e t::.e yield "end cbaract~r ~! ell the products. Hence the proble:::! lies in developi1l,g Et method • T"=.ere are two general m etr-.o~s of aupplying heat, Tiz. ~ external and 1n ternal hesting. In the external heating met:lo4 , . the coal to be treated 1s placed in an air tight cylinder of e.ell diameter and hes t e:pplled to tile outside. Tbe volatile matters ~t 4:,e expelled are generally let of! at one end if the C7linde:o 1s ho ri zontal or e.t the top if ver~ical; nl tbo'U€~ o:e iz?Or~~~t ?:,~ce&s ens a perfora t ed vepor of~-t~e centrall~ pleced l:t, r.~ic~ the va~~s ?sss, ~C from wLlch they ere I:!. tile internel CletlwQ. of heatir.g coal, 1000e bert ga. t=.at will not :'fZ'~c: with t:!:le coal -,;ten heated, an.d p::-eferably l'!'ill !lot d!.!:.::e :!:~ g!!!!es, is p:!.s~ '! d. t~ug!:. the e1:::.arge to t:-a=.s:::.i-: :::'e:.t to it. !:1 Ll rr.=':ie ::- of !'I'Oceas el!l, p:-o:!u.cer gas i. used. e.s the !!1terru!.l hee-ting agent but this obviously ,;iTea a r ecult1ng gar; of 1011" fuel value. several of tee '9='"o c essea t!-.:\.t a:e developed 'by lr!r. !:arric:1: from h !.s 6t" ..... d.!es of treating Utah coals d.!~fGrs from former processes in the type ot hee ting medium used and the method. of its application end the t y-pe of equ1rment. In one of the r~rr1 c~ Frocesses ~?erheated ateam 18 used to transmit ----, ' ..l.! j,' -"."~ ';:,''., ',I )""' ,~,'i ~--- ... _-- ----~)j> ",' Vertical metal - ~- - ._-=- c:f.1r.clers il:Gulc. t E-C or. tr~ e cut-tide 8:"e used for retorts. The treating of Utcl: oon1 1t 8l'lClly accomplhbet! by . -\ this method - because (1) its f ~gh volatile content of 011s and gases are ,-.... :"'e-pl d1 y Ce...-.:.-t ce. eT,'!!y rit.l:: th e stee;r; into zones of low tempera.- ture; (2) Ut~ cael do es not fuse nor disintegrate Oll l:.ee ti:l.g ~!. !:: ~ce e11o'f;s ti:.8 stearJ: to c!istrlbute itself evenly ~ , - tbro.:gho"..t ~e ~ge t!:c.ri.n& the er. tire procees; (3) tee. . rate =:! t e::::::-:-e:-e t\!I'e of tl:.e hee t e~:led controls the density of the tres.:e:" 00:11 -oro duc t; (4) t~e 011s ant'!. ~a8 given of: can be 8e~ate~ e ~ s11y from the steam Or tbe use .. I of fractlonat.!ng cor:den80rs. Utah coale '~ .. ~is t yu o! proce ss1-g , vb. co=.:muot.:.s end batch in tl::.e b:. t ,::' me:r.od. F?O':::SS ?C~ C: ::=:~c-:S U',rEOD be ce,!"·coo!:.!.: !":' ~ tl:.e r e t ort. The t:."::"Oe:" ~t o! the vert1e~ ; , ~. ----.,-- " , " - oetsl. c:t:-'oe::1zi::g chCC!ber "g" , le ten feet ::'1g;:. enci 5 1nci::.es 1ns1cie i t ~e~ ~r t~c r ee~i~ to 7 inches e t at-" we are ~peraeated steam froC! tee ge::erator "an 18 introduced through a manifold. Lot;C%' seetion np o! the ce.rboniz:lr.g chn-rnber is 3.5 teet long and 1,. externally ~e e ted electrlcelly; "jll is tl:e teeting mecl:!mln used -.8- . , to dlscnor ge tr:.e devol1 t1l1zed co:U. "k" 18 a condense.r . tor t b e heuvie6t. oils, "1" i s ru: air coo 16d condenser and "!11" a 'f.'ater cool e!! c on~e::. s e r yfc.lcb r a::o ves t::'e tar l!!ld .the ste~: II ~ II 115 a 8cr~bber and ·ou is a gas :eter. ~o c a rbo!ll &i~ ch.a.:n.ber and supply bin wes tUl ed witb charge until the t e:npere ture of the coal ui re.::.c:hed the value for DONal o-per""tl.o11. !'he f eeding mec~l9!:l was then started and all placed in c e bin 1ilUff1 c1. en t to occupy three hour8 of continuoua es.r·oon i zat to ~. wac usually used. ::. 0 co:e:-c1.al plant ~c reto:"'~s 1rI'Juld be about three ~e u s e!. fo!' e ~ c!: !l'l".md of coal tre3 te:!.. 3etore d1sc!:..a.rg1ne; the p:-oduct l!l~o eo!'t. or O'!lto e. OO:1..-e:;.::. :- oe1t below t!le retort set':l.re.ted ste2!! lIO...aC be pressed i:.t.o the bottom of the lower bin SDd up thro~;.:. ti:e c!:2.r ge i.:l ":?" so a..a to re-uae t 1:.1. heat and t:. t :.1s m.ethod the retorts are cetel cyl1nders about t '!tree feet 1: di=eter e!ld twenty feet hi#- With a calUc1ty of -9- • . ~;.~: . .- --.....'...". ._-_.-- ..... ,.' ,: ~.\' ~ "~r·~; 'f""" , !I ·" , . • _.,' '·~I',~:~ .. It·.... L.._...:~ 2} toilS eac1:, 1nsula"1;ed on tile out side witb d1ato~ceou. . , , . ee:th. '!":.e Ite~ e:l tere, .t-he chBr ,r,e .. tilro-u-.g- h .a. manifold at the top of the r etort end 1& led off a t the bottom. In the batch methoc tee cocl 1 ~ dried end prenee ted to 3000 r - fIX!' r 1.::. ~e 'b\mkere with flue gases. Superhested , t emn at e t8!llpers';;ure l OOCP to 11;.0:10 ? and under a prelsure of leTersl .... 1lOunds per square lnc.b. blows throu,!;!! the charge fro:n two to . .., (.J.. three hours depen~ng UPJD the preheat of the coal and the .1'18 .' 0:' t:'e l°..Elps. Dur ing thi s period the upper two-third. of the cn :!tl"ge 1s ca r bonhed. Then the superhea.ted .team .i s ehut otf and. sr... tc=.ed over into anot:i:.er re;ort 9lld 8aturated .team 1_ blown in fo::" e perio:' of f rom ho to t:::.:-ee bo·.:Is. C so 011 mey be Tapor-l:: ec.. or s :;:rascc.. 1::. to t!:. e: top of the ret o ::,~ et t!:e end of the e t.e=:l so t:"l.!! 't -::::'e lor-er thi=d ot t~e ~3%'ge 1s carbonized by this ::"ecln!.::ed hc ~ t, "~lle tbe 011 va;:ors ma,"T e.l8:) be c racked uta ~80_ line . E1 tller ti,ater or very 1'I'et steam is t~e:l passed into the C!lc"£e to c"ol it &»1I1l to 4c'j) !' 0:- beloW" before discharging. In thE: l::e.tch l'ro cees t!:e coal is c1larged into tb e !'etcrts in se'IT e-rl!.l grade-c. s1~e!5 Tery~ in the case o~ U~ d Ecl: coal frot: I 5/8n to 3/8n lr. diemeter. T'r:.e COa!'Beet me.ter1al i~ :plac ed on t1:.e lDttoQ witl:: tho finest on top. Large dEe. ot c1"\!.flhed !X' r.er plC!Jlt coe l mq &1BO be treated by thi8 method or by the con tinuous process. _10- ----- "-----'.- --, '-~. '!".c.e pl"Oduct at the tile. of the " ,. --, carbonization period 1s t:~t~t,;, '::. ~- .~ --- enDtied in t I") Ca r s or onto it O)nvesor and is- token ;. to the storage .......... bins where it ~ be further screened into its different me..rket- \ .. - .... -.~-- able sizes ready for rililpr.ent. The gas a:ld 011a are carried out • • • • ~ • 'F • -,.;1 to=. the ste~ e:ld ere sern,re ted in the condenser and leparator un! t •• T"nia type of crude 011 produce. 8 large quantity of . ~ .-- car"DOn _.c.en it 1s cracked 80 that by '!l&ssi.ng the crude through the hot coke, causes a la:-ge part of the car"oon released to be ?recl:pi tated on. the treatee. CJal. Tbe crude 011. t.b.erefore are to'PP"d end the heavIer portion 1s then pas.ed down over the bot co~e s=.<l t:-:e l 1;;::' t vapors 'PT'Od'.lced are condensed and run into s tort',.fe tt.\!lL""S. ~e gaB 19 s e:nratei and. s tored 1n a gas holder I::: "" CO!!!!:8rcilJl !)lent 't:8 atesm rill be genemted fro~ ~e c:Je1 "":-.16 1s under 3/Sfl b ·iiameter co::!1prizing pert of the shi!D.e:ltG of c~cl e.eliv e re~ to ::lar.t !or treet:nct. The super_ :'ea'; e!' r.i!l 'je ! :':-ed E' '!. t!=.er 'I"!i. t ~ t~e ~e s tl'13t comee from the p:'Oc e s~ 0:- r.! ~!: ~ ::' e fi:t.e coal, e :';:'~ r ~ ~ker !,lred or 'K'lth rr.;1 verize:! coal rJ.rnere. _11_ beins us ee: 0';; th e Ur.lverslty of Utah for the purpose of \ producing test samples of smokeless fuels from the principal coal mines of the state. Repre&E-ntative laIIl'Ple6 of coal from l:yoc.l!l€ and. IcS..cho have alto been treated, t.he smokeles8 fuel .' prod-..:.ct :1"0= es. c:.. Cs.vi:-:€ "oe c:l ueet! 1x. domestic heating aP!lllancei and were found. to h p,ve the desire ble kindling end burning pro_ < perties. 'n:.i8 plent compri ses I'l vertical eteel cylinder into • w~ lch si:cd, ~st-free coel ia cberged, the coal being introduced $0 t!l.Dt t::c sonll lumps form the u~r larers and the large l~G the baGe of the charge. T"ne heating 1s accoa::plished b;y ~e c: t e ~ f c =, ::.sc in t1:e ccel-~:-~ting unit by reesing it through a s!-ircl co!l o! 50 !eet e! l lD~ atandare steel oipe. The co11 is set vc:" t lcall:,p !.r. t ::e all!lule.r 8!nce between a centre! core a:ld 8!l outer 1nst.:.lati::lg wall. iftle eteam flows doll'D.1t'udly t.hro~ the c:)1l 'tIfclle the heating goeee !lf1se uP'f'8,rdly aro'UD.d t!:e co!! CO·.:!lter_!lo?' tc t::e stea::n. '1'l::e heating gases are derived fro::l b ;,:,..-::~"l€ &Q! !.::. a co:::l.bust1o=. c""' ...... ber in comnm1catlon "ith t!le superheater cha!!l1>er. The now of the .team 18 contr:Jl1ed 'oy a r eS"..:.l :!. t1~,t; v.:Uve en!! pressure ga&e at the inlet - -- ._- --_._- . - - _12 _ __ _ - .... --,-~- -~ '.- /' .. ;'arylng·· &moun t s m.ak€s PJ8sHIle the heating o!" the £te~ to temperatures as high as . \ 1600" r I.r do·o1r04.------·-·-----··· .. . In aa,"J."t forty test runs r ece:1tly made, the rate of o:ddstlon of the hottest p:lrtion of the superheater tubing indicat.ea. tbat replecezne:nt o! the hot end of the coil "WOuld not be required fo~ posslb17 200 - 250 tours. A new section of the .~. coil rece:J.t17 installed ""B,S coated nth an aluminum -pre"f8-"""3.tion ~cich 1s clAL~ed to resist oxldatio:1 at 11000 T. In larger "..mBs no"" bein~ contemplated tae ho tteet elements will be of calorized (aluwi~um 1m~re¬ed) a!oel tubing ~hich reBists 0::i!.s.t1o~ e;::cptionally 'l':"e11 ~t 16:JJ' ~ over long periods. ·::'~e steEl!!1 pc.sses o'.:.t of the bott~~ of the retorting c~be:, =:':-:ec. wi*:.L the l ·~·:) ri cated [ aEeS 8!ld. oil vapors fro:n -t!le coel. !t t::e::. J:bf:ee!: 1::. t~ 8 -!:::t" co:::!ie:J.ser ~16 per.ni ta t :'1e co!lie::.~tio:J. enly ot tl:.e oils 2.!lc. resi:J.s ~t ere beerier t"l::.e;:. r.~te!", a..""i.d also ~r (> v~ts cOIlce=.sation of a!lJ" of the ste9!D. ",ertic:!.!.:';- ~=- connecte:" ~ g et"!'l er a t the l:ntto~ and having an oil drs..1n at the lowest !'Oint. InBide tbe 2 incb. pipes are ~r,isted ~et ~ l r1~OonB ~!ch fill tr.e ~lpes gi~~g a Whirling motton to the streo;n of ~epo!,9 and gases, t4US causlI16 ett!elent CO!ltac-:ing of tbe fluids .,..1 tb. the cond.enser walla. Outside ot these oo:::i,en are 3 inc!l tteam j~.c!,;:et 5 ~6· long with inlet and .... - . • ~ ... outlet COr. trol volv8s end n. pressure gage. By adjusting the _ . etec,m preom.:..re !.!l tl".e jec~:et the t em.per!1ture ot the ~nden8er eurface is r ec.dily co: trolled to cocde::l l.le out e.Il".'" portio!l desired -. of the heavy (h 1gh- bo!lint;) 011. The steam enters the top o:! on8- crencr. of t2.1.G condenser, then passes do~ and up the other brcncb. sr.:1 out at 1 ts top. FollOTfU:g the -hot- conden80r 18 a ·cold condenaor consiating of a vertical water tank 10 inches in diameter and 20 inches 10:18 t.n which is II double co;:per coil taken trow. n. baB "ster.!lea.ter. The va'POrs pe.es do'Wtl. through thia coil wh.1ch !.s surrounded by a flo," 0-: cold water. 'ale condensed 011s and water nor. out o!' the conden60r at its lowest !'Oint ant!. ther"by effects co::!: ~ ~6et10r:. 'by c:ln-m:.rrent flo .. of ~e condensing vapors O!l.d. cocd.e:::J.se ~ "'):-oe.....:.cts c.ic!:. eff ectE: t:l:lre efficient condensation of ";.;:e Itg;;::.test v:!.ctiles. ~e c::Iol!::.€; l['£.te:- is C.:)ldest et the .::utlet ':JO:-tio::. o!' :l:.e co::.=.e!u;er. T:.e c~~~~tcd pro ~cts pess fro~ the "cold" condenser into en oil_ r.at e ~ nepara tor. C-~16 device 1s ceeigned to per.nit lone Bct.leScent flow of t~e o i l enc ~ter BO ae to en.abl~ thea to 8epe. r c te ~l!. .~ It.1!'!erence i!! spe'ci!'ic grc.vl ty . The device 18 2 C'7l1!1d.rlcal tru:.l: set 9'ert1c!:.ll;r, 12 i nc1:.es in dieneter, and at%: inc=.e!! h igh , and conta.ins a &pirsl ve!"ticcl W'e.ll st~th'g at the center and passing six times around thereby forming a CC'1'!tinUOU8 channel one 1nch "ide 'by 81::0: incl:el deep and about ten feet long . The 011 Nld weter enter 'b7 e. dro~pi1'e ~t the center ot t ::e lie! and ~oe throU6h the .piral ci-..nr.!!el end are decented through ---~ ;!i : .. ..:.. ," . ·,f . ' , I . t'l":O g?ose-nec!: outlet pipes at the top end bottom of tlle outer .all ot the tenk, the water fio f'11ng out at the lO T.'"er opening and , \ the 011 at t:-:e top o pen ing . Receivers $Z'e provided for these prod·..lC~5 . alco fo :- the -hot" 011 condensnte. , T"ce beondeuaable gas 1s buned at the top of a gas • off.tube , or cb.l :mey. 1."1 the I1d of the separator. In nor:il8l operation of thie low- t snperature earbonldng -.:nit , 3 &!.:lrg-e of e lout 15 }:Dunds of coal, elled to minus 1-5/g· :pl us 3/3". is 'Placed. 1n the retort wi th tl:.e fine coal on top.:.and the coarse coal at the bottom. The I1d ls f 2stened 401'!1 with a gnfike! 1m=- '001 ~s cs:oct::lf 1 t gas-tight. T"r:.8 gas fire 1s atarted and rlthin te:;. c: !.:::..< t e s t~ e steo:l attains a t~re.ture d 11-:)00 r, Wblcb te:nper2.t-re !. ?' ".J.SU311y used, t :':! = being below the te:nper~tur e (12~O r ) ~t r~ ~c~ water gas begir.s to fo~ fro: reaction of the steal: end ~ ~ ac~lve lo,.._tempere t'~ e coke, clao the t«llperature at 'I"O.!.c!: va:"l:j :"-:i"lase cracking of tlle 011 1'2!X):-~ begin. to occur. =i ~!:. e:- te::'"'>e:"!!. ;-:;:es are '.lsed ~e!l. e:' ther o~ the e.boTe reection. are c.esirec.. tt i !b. 15 !JO'.IJ!1B of coal 1:1 the r etort, and a :10'1;' of AU!'1"o x1matel;; ,. ~:md o! stea:o." per :::.1:1ute at 10Cl'J° r to 11500 1', the cb2:-ge or coal 1_ distill ed to a anokeleas condition in 60 to 90 Qinu!es. !he treated cool, noW rendered cnoke1e •• , 1. t.i1en " dry_quenched" by 'Qlselng saturated ,tee through the c.b..e.l'ge. ~ . --'--- _ _ ,-"r:: _ , __ " _~, .. " ___ "_ .. -~~- -. If the cool 1& p~ eh e D ted, the distil l ation ttme and the quantity ... , . ... of etea;n 1& r a.!uccd. Al,s o, the hent lost tro~ t:le r etort walla, ~, -~~ , t h rough 1ns-.rl'!ic1e:::t insulat1on; 1s excessive and C8!l be cut dcwn g:-eo.tly. 'iiU. coo11n& water e::ter1n5 the leoldl condenser . . ~J~ . . ., ':.. ~ .t 700 l' and leaviJ".g at 12QD r, there "al required 14 Ibl~ ot ). . ., cooling .. ate:- per mi nute or 1.7 gallona. Usually the auper-heated ate.sn flow 1a continued unt1\ t!::.e diatillation sone bae ,, - -... ' ?assed 2/3 the 1I'BY down the retort end t!le!1 aatursted ateam 1. £"J.'ostit-,J.tea.. !"::.e latter stea:n becomee superheated in the top part of the t r eated coal and thenae carrle. on the distilU.ng to t:-,e -oot~::: 0:0 tile retort. Th1s tech."11c hoe the advantage ot ;1, ,. • J I I,' .,. : .:J.. , • . ''' ' .:. \ r ~ ~t ... .. . - d...7- quen6inf" ';:!:.e tre9.ted coal -ri:l 1 ~ c'!.i:::l;..! ';:z.::.aously co:::n::leting the (H~t1l1D.t1on. EerrlCk Proees&. (1 ) T.:.e prc::';~t~O:l o! 6 ?Q::;',.;!:lr G:lO:i:ele ss fuel suitable tor dc:lestie cd other PJ.r?,)ses end e.t I.ttrae';lve price •• • -"-. (3) The =-~!mun production of Snokeles8 Fuel. gaE of \ 1 high calorific Talue. ';"':'6 r.o1:e from fuel 1s due to too t weich 1s unburned ,_ carbon RIle.. h eaV}" taTa the.t come 041nly tI'O!:1 incomplete burniD&: - - - ---' > - of the oils ona. te.ra formed in the hco.t1n&: of tee coal. ~e:o ~~;. ._ the volatile matter in Utah coal 18 reduced 80 that the coke c:>nte.1ns 1S'f or less by weight, the resulting product 1. a r..okelee6 r uel. The combustible Dature of the carbon in tbe coal 1e not effected by lo,....tElD'Oerature ce.rboniutlon Where the carbon h c.:..eLgec!. to a gTa:p!=.itic fom: wr..lch 1s difficult to 19:dte and burn b :::o ·:. s~lc. tY'!'es o! heet1n.g equ1!1I1e::.t. ':".::.e ignition poin"; of lO1l'_tEr:lper'3ture coke 1& practi_ celly the £:;;:ne e.D thE: coel from '5"1:.1c:: it WeB ma..de. The product re&~'olc6 ~t1:. racite cael very much in its bu-~ing p~pertle8. It 'o-':::-:lS r it::: e. Bhort blue f lsme 1"i t'r.. Il'J It:lQl:e end gives off a looke very !!l"lci: like the coal from ".h1e=. 1~ was made, but only 011s. 'tfuB:l low.tanperature earbonil'at1on of Utal: eo41 1_ en.!":,ied on ~tll the product hRS lees t llAl1 l!~ volatile matter '- -....... ; • .,-0.. ..~ , .:J:.l .. --.'--- -"." .-.;.-.:- rtmttining the yield of crode ol1s obtained 11'111 be approximately ··'" 30 gnllor.s per ton ot coal treated. then t~8 all is craCked it \ . yiell.s 10 g!Ulo:a of gc.eoline SOO cubic feet of 1300 :B. t. u. \ gas and 90 to 100 p:)'\mds of oil coke. The gasoline obtained reee::nbl es tCE. p:-eaent !o:::J.£ of the best Ethyl or other bigb 8lltl-knoe£. gSGOlinel. ·T'r.e che::1cal p:"Opertiel of o11a arrle1ng o'1:lt of the big!: olHellic content fit t::"em for use in high compre.alon • • .... . _"" :'JIII ............ motors.' (Co:::!:p:u;lt1on of Ligh t 011s of Lo- Temperature Carboni.- :atlon by 3.. L. ilrcT.U and R. V. Cooper in Industrial end fl1gin_ eer1..ng Cr. e:tis t r;:). The 011 coke 1& a Te17 hJ.Cl quali1;J" product which Ctm be mi xed nth low...tanperature coke ADd eold for domes tic tc.el. Gea. car;;v:c.!.~~i:J::' !:::".:..d!es of 1Jtci: t s c~ u b!, Ur . !:e~rici: in tte large 6c ~ le e~r~e::G e:Jnd~ct e d e t the Pitta~gh Experimental Station ~d ~ere r e~ ~:e~ by F. Z. Frey p~c ~. P. !~t ere given in Table 1. From t~e ~~ ~pe c:~on of ·~e l ~et two items ~ each col~ it cen be aeen that es tee te:eper::.ture of ~e steS!l: is raised the volume of gas produ c ed 1& !.ncreased with a cor:"esponding dec::"esae in tl:.e :2. t. u. velo;.e. ~e ca lC'l.ll a ted · B. t.".!. val\!e given for tem~ro.ture of 1115° r seas to be 1!l error. !f :1!1. i. the C8f>e, then with a te::lpera tu:-e o! ~15° r a gsa wi th a B. t. \1. vnlU8 ot 1000 B. t. u. per cu. ft. could be o ~ ta1ned. .u no at 12QOOr the tuel Yaluo' sbould be about 900 B.t.u. per ~~. ft. ., . .-~- - ,.. ' '~:::::-:.>- __. _ . __· ,-,,~L~;--i..;. "",~~-:~"~.,c~,'""W, If the. Jlr~ ~uct 1s not heated to a tElIroerature ~. -" .. . 12000F is ezcceded stEtsm end cosl react with each other end 1'01'111 , "eter ga s . theore~ieal1y a !.t.u. value of f:t:Oc 217 to 324 B. t. u. per cu. ft. depending on the az:aounta of E'2' CO an::' 0':>2 fors::ed, hence it 1s a deluent end may be Ulldeair- . ~ able. ,U60 v.hen t his ga s 1s produced the quantity. of 10"'""----- tanpera.ture coke _obtainable 1& d~in18hed. Thill gae 1s very {OO C. for houscr.:Old use hcving c. calorific vclue comparable with naturel gt.! s and bu.."'"I'l$ rltl: nIl Innoffenslve odor. .. :, .... ~, .. ;.. ',", ,- ". • , . > .'. . -. . ;-- .. ~..... . -'!i ~ ·_'·1 ... • ....... .-.. s t i tt:ent c~':Jo:: diox1de Eyc.. -oge= Sul!1~e S1 "rogen OxYgen EJ'dragen \:ar-:O~ l.!o!!Oxide Ue~e Ztq lE:!:e ! t:-S::.e :r:lw !ee ': :-c ":lEU: e :::-.:. o;: ! ~ e :.:.t.o::.e : ::"-".0 =-~!'o cerbon8 : J:L! ?~- dro-eoroon. '-- -"'l--' "':; ~''-"''-'6 -~et~'" ' 8-e ~'t'L-: G e::. Sulfide :otal Fercent = . ~ .t:...15 C.e.l c:ul ate a ;) . ';. . ':!. I .. Correct ed ,. ....... ~t. per Ton Indust rial GAS AllALYSIS (Unacrubbad tas) ~LE I 935°1 lll56)' 129<)°r Percent Percent Percent 22.3 ls.6 15.0 1.2 1.0 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 3.2 10.1 12.S 9.8 11.5 lc.4 35.7 40.3 41.6 2.7 1.9 2.0 10.8 7.4 8.3 2.6 1.8 1.75 4.5 2.7 2.9 2.0 1.4 1.45 1.5 0.~5 I.e O.lS 0.12 0.13 24.1 16.15 17.~ 2.7 -- 1.8 93.5 97.8 97.6 952 S56 8S6 lOSS sse 915 960 1325 1711 Nld Sngineering Chemist,.,. Vol. 19 1927 • . -.. . ~"-----;--'-,... I 'I 1·;- .' -~-- ,". 1560°1 Pereent 13.1 0.6 0.2 • 21.9 " 10.0 38.5 1.8 6.6 1.65 2.6 0.96 0.6J. 0.10 14.22 - 9S.5 822 -­. . ,," ------ ---.:... -- .•.•.. .,.;. __ ._----_. .. " .. ~-.. --.-~., . ;. Heat exchange. ''.. . o· • ~ne~e are several methods of regu..l a..t . i,n.. g the., transfer ot beat, to the COAl tor carbonl::ation, and away from 1t after the process 11 coc::pletet. .Alnong ao:ae ot the methods that have been investigated are the following: Firat: .A.18u:nptione! ,. (1) Coal dried an! pre-heated to 3000 r in _era (2) S\l1>er-heated ateam _ l1!oo" J 0) Period of super_heating t.., houri ( 4) Coal carbo~1zed 2/3 of "ay do"" at end of two houri, (5) Stesm le3ves at average tampera~e of SOOo r (6) ::ach reto"t hol~. 5000 lbe. of coal (7) Coe! cooled ~th aatur~ted steam. .. Ee~t lost pe~ lb. of ~~er-heeted 6t~ = (l4co-sOO).5 • 300 B.T.U. Eeat teke:l up by eoel that 1s carbo!!.1:ed in upper 2/3 ot retort = 2/3 x 500 x 2/3(1)" .20(2)( 1200 1933(3) _ 3001: 340000 1I.T.U. "2 :J Eec.t tel;en u!' by cael in lower 1/3 of r ,=,tort : c_:>~ O x 1/_, " .0~1(4),~S 65(5)_ 300' _ ""2000 ~" ~ _ ", 1I ••• u. !o tel heat taken up by coal • 632000 1I. T. U. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (1 ) op. weigH of the col:. :; 2/3 ep. "eight of coal (2) 1m. heet of coke •• 20 «3» T;"""rat=e at 2/3 point 10 933" J 4 so. heat of coal •• 31 (5) .A.VerB&e temperature in lower 1/3 of retort EUllber of l 'Os. . of 8uperbee ted 6teE".m required; 632000 _ 2106 Ibs~. . 300 - Beat given oft by coke in upper 2/3 when cooled to 4000 J' ; 3333.3 x .7'5 (105-6 - 400) .2" 334000 lI.T.U. -~, Eea t g lv~ o~!' =r coal in lOT-ar 1/3 When cooled to 4000 1 = 1667 x .3 (8 65 - 400) • 233000 lI.T.U. Totnl Beat g1ve~ off" 567000 lI.T.U. Heat ta'2:eD. up per lb. of saturated. steam When beated from 225° r to 400° ? • 17'5 % .5 • 87.5 lI.~.U. ~ber of l e 6. of •• turoted ateam r.~red ,,567000 _ 6430 lb •• 81.5 -- ':'O ~al r.e1¢: t o f wat er requlrad. in the for.::a ot .team = !5l§. Iba. Eest g iVE!: up per lb. by the steam m en cooled end co::.clensed fro .. SOOO l' to 1, 0" P" [(800..220) .~ j (lOY.! - 190)J " 1100 E.T. t.t. Ie per lb. Beat given U? by superheated .teem s 1100 x 2106 = 2320000 :B.T.U. Ee3 t glve:l U? by 8.!!.t1.:..ratec. stene 11' ~ole:i end. conde.ad f:-om u.~:JO ! to ,? J" "" [<u.oo _ 220) .5 j (1100 - 190)] % 64}O " 5,75 7,000 ;.T.U. : 120 lI.T.U. per lb. .• . !1u:n'ber of 1".:8. ot water required = 8107000 _ 62500 lb •• 120 - total wat er needed = 110~6 Ib8. per retort • . • • rate. 71036 2 x 0" 2 . ".. x 3600 :: .15 ~ eu. ft. lec. _21_ •• - - l' .ls G".:::l .:: tion a.: , ': . '."i: (1) Coal drlai snd pre-heated to,)O:;o F in buDkera~- - __ .;. .. -- .... ::=i .J.' (2) SUper_hea t ed steam nt 1400° r 1! passed into chart;e for 2, hours. (3) Hea t is tr~ aferre d from one r e to~t to another by passing the g~se8 out of the bottom of the hot ch.9.rge uy.. through 1Jle 'bottom _~-........~..~ ~ of the cold charge • ., ..... .:..... '!"F" ~ • Tempersturs gradient in charge before the superh eated steam 1." t'.lI'lleo. will va17 from 5000 r e.t bottom to 400° ., at top. Eeat taken up by charge ,,'hen S'.1per:!:J.e=..ted ateam 11 introduced = Eeat Give:!. U,? by superheate :!. ste:l:!). ~en cooled from 14000 r to SOOD r = (l~ _ 800) .~ • 300 B . ~ .U.'S per lb. :r.umbe:- of 1= ~ . c! stea=. :,eq,..!ired. = !!2.:;JOO_ 30-') - 2750 lba. Eest tcl:en tr.J 01' cold c!".a!"ge fraJ!. bot ga ses = (450 - 300) .3 x 5000 = ~O B.T.TJ. '8. '!"!le r~ln i!l:; b.ec t above 40'1' :;' Wi!. : !:-...=.ve ~.o be re:ovee by Tiater or 8c.t-2'::::te ·:!. ::tem:!. 'geat given 'J.'P 'by t!teem wilen c",oled e!:~ condensed trom 8000 F to 190" !' : (So)O _ 220) .'i I 970 I 30 • 12'10 1l.T.U. per lb. ot steam. Eeat take:: un per lb. of eO!l1e!lsing water used when 1t 1_ heated troe 700 1 to 1900 F: 120 1l.T.U.". • • • NUIlber ot lb •• of condensing water required = 1290 x 2750 _ 120 - 29.S00 lbo. ~... - ... . , - ."" ;~ ;~~. . . .,: i ~ .. ~~ 1'n1rd: ,. A& g-~,t1ona: (1) Coal dri~i .e n.d pr,e -heated. in bunkers W'it:o flue gases to 3000 y ' (2) Eeat .upplie~ by su~erheated Bte~ tloT.1ng tor t~o hours at 1400" 1. (3) ~arge cooled witb satura.ted steam r.mning for two hours at aame rate as tb.e su?6rl::.e~ted stenm end finished COOl}.~~ with wa~e.:. . (4) Temperature at 2/3 point When Buper-heat 1s shut off i. 9000 1. Al:Io=t of neat required to carbo:lhe upper 2/3 = (1050 - 300) x .2 = 150 B.T.U. IS per lb. of coke. == t of h eat ta:=eu up in the upper 2/3 • 5000 x 2/3 x 2/3 x 150 = .~... )- .~. ''" 30 B.T.U. A:o ';nt 0: heat taken up b l oner 1/3 : 5000 " 1 /3 " .; ( =50 _ 300) = 275 ,000 B.'!.U • • 0. !''Otal hent 81.lppliei = 003 .333 ::S.T.U. Ee.:.t teken out of Buper_heo te:! stea::: wbl!!l it 1s cooled trom 14000 r ";0 S"J':P !' = (1400 - 1300) .~ = 30:; 3.T.U. per 1'J. co:!! • Gos, ~-;". 2026. 57 lb •. 300 ~ee t given up by cae l in upper 2/3 of re~rt ~en cooled to 400° r :: 5JJO " 2/3 x 2/3 x . 20 (1050 _ 400 ) = 239 .000 !.T.U. :eat g iven u';) by coal in l ower 1/3 of retort. ~en coole:! ~o 4000 r = 50:lO x 1/3 x .31 ( 850 - 400) • 225,000 B.T.U. . . Total heat given up by coal • 51~.OOO ».T. U. • , ' . , < to 4000 ? = 175 x .5 = 87.5 B.T.U. If' 2020. £7 los. of' aaturated ' Bte3lO -\ ere in troduced. beat takB!1 up = '-. 2026. 67 x 81.5. 171000 .B.r.U. '\ , . Amount of hea~ left in cbnrge to be ranoved = 514000 - 177CXX> &: ,- . 337000 B.T.U. Lat~t heat of water: 1000 B.T.U. per lb • • '. amount of .... ter needed to finish ths quenclling • 337000· • 337 lbo. 1000 ~otal .... ter n •• d1ng in fo= of et.em and ""ter = 331 .f. 2026.67 .f. 2025.67 = 4390.34 lbe. E"e3.t given un par lb. of ateam li:b.en cooled and condenled from SOOO J' to 1900 r • 1290 !.T.U. -per lb. of Iteam. E'eet tcl.""C:l u-p per lb. of ~!ldenSi.D.g water ~en heated from 700 '1 to 1900 F = 12':) B.T.U. • !:u:::::be !" c~ l~s. of cO!l ':'eDsin~ ~ater req'..l.ired : ~ x 2026. 07 x 120 2 = 4,0;00 lb •• In ~~e !'irst !!I.ethod o! he~t trB!la!er, no additional e~:'.2t";.8 13 :leedeo! to extract the bea t from t!le charge b efore ta:~:l€ it !ra.: ~ce retorts. Eow8Yer a gre~t deal of water will be !:.ece88ary tor the proceedure. '!'he second oethod makes the moat economical us. of heat !):Jssible. !t require a the least amount of steam and wa.ter but doe. require t~e ~stallation ot addit ional a~atus in tho to~ of p=ps and insulated piping. -.,.-;-- --~ ':'he t~lrd method is Blmilar • to the first except thllt - water 10 usee to r port of th-e -q-Ue-n-c-!l-ing-. Tbe main objection to thiB .,otlwd over the firBt meth,o .d 18 the additional ;i1.,in;; required and also the ins%£I.ct method of determining the quanti t1 of Y:ate:- needed. to just quench the product end not 1.sTe 1t wet. . - In 2. scsll '91ant such 88 the one designed for 8 teat plent, the first or t'!lird methods of heet transfer "Ould be used.. But in a large ins tal l ation fte second method would be just1f1ed and moet economical. ' DESIGN 0:9' WIT PLANT Since Cr. Xnrrick't return free Pittsburgh, where ::'e ca=rl ec. O'l! ext.C!leil"e research 1I'Ork OJ::. Utah Coale fo~ the '9roductlon of a ~1:e le'Ss tuel, he r.o..G been advocating the bclld~ g of c c~:t:!!ercle.l plani.. I:l e c!.1sC'Ussiol:. of t..'1e pose:i-b1l1tiea o'! ?:-od".lC';'''g cokelees f.:.el t at one of tl::.e Snoke .A.batElt.ent Cocclttee lG :r.eeti!l&8. it qs decicee that rltl::out plf'.ll8, spec!!1- ca~10n6. ~::. ecti.:::.,..t~~ of co~!'!t!"".lct1on end.. opere.tion costs be1l:.g prcject could 'be ob te1.ned. The CoI:mittee finally agreed to inet!"".lCt tbe Re!:ee.rc~ !)ene.rbent o! the University of Utah to pre~e T]l~!'! fo!' t::e suallest s1ze~ unit of a treeting plant tbt coulc ~ se cor.:mercie1 siz e:d retorts and other equl~ent . $ 50,000. 00 was suggested 415 tee sr.prox~te cost of BU~ a plant. Under the dl!'ectlon ot Mr . Xarrlck, Ilr. Wardrop and Dean Xetc'!:ru!n. a ~t plru:.t hoe 'been designed to be presented to the smoke abatanent co:mnlttee. -- - - -----" ------" - -,---.;-.,- .- --:.'. , - - e ~.,. I · ----- --------. LOCA ~IOX pP PLANT ~. . .-.. ~ . ...... ""' Fro;";: economic conc1der&tiO!lS as ..-e11 as convenience I ..... ., end desire.b1l1ty 8 location for the teet plant hae been selected . \ r .,. , - at Sprlug Glen_~~(S~e_ ~~ sr~wi.ng the looa~o~ ~f}he coal -~ a:ines ir. Co.r°OO D. Count1.) 0_ '" ._. '. - I t WaB :first tl!ough t to be bet~.er to h3~e the plant 11 tuateo! ne:!l" a large concentrated p)pcie.tion such &,8 Salt Lake - Cl ty. T'ne coal would tben have to be shipped 1n the raw ~tate from the mi::e6 to Sal t Lt±e "here tte treeting ~uld take place. -=:.e treated co~ lrOuld then be ree.dJ" tor dhtrlbution by drc.,y .a &8 t~c.ks. 'l'ne gQ.8 .,uld p:Jce1bly be sold to the Utah ee. and Coke c.:,:r.~' ilIlder tee per.::lt issued by toile Utah Public Utility Cot:all. o~ 1925, ::.!.~r.o U€h it i~ r e'FO:"tec. tr:.e;. t ;:ey have a su'P!lly of' natural ~ e.e su!:ic!.e:: t to t~e c.:!.re o~ ~~. t:!=es the present de:!lan~ :':":'.e .::.~e!lt eo!\' pztages 0: !oce S!Jl'in.g Glen location a:e =r:y. ~::-in€ Glen at see:l frO!t t!le ma'P is located near the P:-!.ce ~ve::- :!:"t:o,ut ~ :!11es north of ?:-ice; end 42 miles East ot 5el;:>e:-. ~: ~ o·;,tCl"OP of ~{I :-l in "':.!~ the most important mines of tile ;tai.e ~e !oc.:!.te1 i5 about; ::.l1 e6 north at Spring Glen. lJ!h.e Cactle :.ate !!:il:.es e r e abot:.: 4 ltiles :1O!'th, the Xenl1lrOr!;t. mines -~ :::111e8 to ~e north-east, anI! tl:e ~r1ng Canyon and Standardvl11e ' =.1:18& abo\:.t S r:.llee no::-t1:.T:'ect of Sp:-!.ng Glen. 'rheBe mine. SU~7 an::ual 17 about ~ ot the entire Ut.ah coal output. 'r.c.e auPPly at cool 11. ther efore, plentU'ul and nesr a.t hand. .1fter the coa.l 1 • . trent ee I t~ weight 18 r educed b,y I I; ; cO~ 8e quentl7 1t 10 more .,,- .. ': " ... '.:f.' ,.. . .. ~f~ -?~ - _ .- --" ....• "' . \', , .... _.. _ - economical to treat tbe cool -~nes.r the mines and .hip the fit:i.l shee. P'!'ociuct.V fte gc.oollne could be 801d t~ - the fldjacent mining towns and Pric e , UIlle-as ,t he production of the plant 1. too great. There are 3257 au to=:oblle. in Carbon Co=~ (1930 figures). which , at one gnllon per d:1.,v, per car, would tske the output of ten unit plante. There la, however, excellent . tranBPlrtation fs.cilitiee; for the eXiOrtation of the products. The Price River (See tbe ,f low data) has sufficient flow to .. - nCCOT!lQdate s. moderate"" plallt et 0.11 times as at no time does the flow go belor. 4 c. r.s . '!he now neCess8I7 for a 30 ton plant -- is ab:lut 13 c.f.a. Wltb a amall storage re8ervoir the available no";" cocl~ be increased great17. The prop;sed loc=.tion of the plant (See tl:e Spring Gle~ Railro a~ !a r~s oap) ie on a s~ of the Spr i~ Cle~ Y~~G ~h ich eives en ieeel loc ~ tIoD fo~ ~v~!l AbI1 It y and growth. ~ce .p'..ll" 1110u1 ~ be cO:!mected 1Ire.ct.!c ~ 11Y" directly with the me.in l!!J.e o~ t!l.e n. & P'.G.".Ei. 3. 60 that e II:.inilrum of switc!:.ing would l aO ' frc:n a :::-ece:t. 0" r:i"';le line fo:- r.c~ er of the Independent - Coal Co. T~ere I e a ;rump bouse en:' e: " ate:- tre .. t~ !llen.t alreeQ inst~led ~1 ch with the proper n~got1~t1ons could no doubt be 1.1&eo. tor th e conl ple.n-=. I'o tt.e no:-t:;-;'oaet there is plenty of unused area on ..nich e::q:end1ng of the 1ndustry could take !)ls.ce. Stor~e ot 8lI!=1'911e. and products would present no problem. The high ta..-..:er. nn:! c'O~ c1.o.1 111:11totlon!! of urb.9ll 'Oropertiee would not hc.Te to be conSidered. • ..~.~ • • 01, .~ · - - ~"""..fo-' If the conI 1$ treated neer the mine. the oh1~1ng cost ..-1 1-1 -be ---- whereal, if .. ..... ...... - .. ~; !.-- ~ --',-'- .... y - 20 T ft 2.10 = $ 42.00 I treat ed at SAlt Lake Clty,- - ~"'j l . S~ /:. & ... ~ _>0 T ft 1.85 = $ ~r.?O' 7 -c> :!- T"aere 1s a saving then, of $-1};50-assumtni tbe gaeollne to be sold in Carbon County. !!: ·~r.:.llt!illg a ur.lt plan t for de;!;()netl'c.tion pJ..rpOsea ! t h . ver,.." detir able to c::mst:-uct 1. t 3 5 :'! :s.:E:~ c~=er.:lo.l !,lant l'i'Ould be co::. s tr-.:.cted onl~' atal l er in ahe. Or, in ot:"e!' r.o:"ds, g~s .nIl be hsn-iled in tc~ leme O2.Il.Iler as U:. e e:l:::;;:::.erc1e.l plant. '!'he coal ,..111 co!:::e in CS1' load lo ts , -.mloaded, stored end • :::::e::':et. Xve!":,. t::'!.::.g ..nIl be- !"'1m. in ~ ~8t ........ e.t1C orderly manner ao that 1l:i'O:"::lUltiol1 regard1ng eq part of the proceu can be ob tained and e:':'tleri:::en t:tl ",rk do:le to im'!>ro V8 the '9--o~eeslng or the :oroducts produced. .- -. '-- -.... . --~------ .. ! '. , ... --.., -' -. ,.----- T'n1s grouping of thf'J entire Pl'Oc:.e86 ~gether .18 very important on a teat ". lan'.t of \ this IOrt bec. aus.e.:. , ;0' - '" ~, ... - --- -- -. -~---- ~- --- -' . (1) It 10 ve'rl{ _d~ff1cult to ge~ :O!.t data where the procesBing . •-- - 1. scattered out .. --- ._ --.a...- __ ,_ (2) It is 1m:?3s&lble to keep 8CCO'UDt of all products produced, IUch aa the gas, tar acid, resina, etc •• that are produced 1Ihen the crude 011 1s cracked and refined.. (3) The cost ot a1:1'!'Ping crude oil great distances prohibita ita refining. (l!.) It m.aJ::es !lOsslble the atudy of the b7-producta and methods ot ':':le plant 1s designed for o1n1=r.::- operation cost, hence all :na.ter1al ~ will ~e h:mdled :l!ecilanically to ~o e"2Y wi tl::. hand o-pere tions ~E ::!'J.c!: 2,::: ;e::s!~le. !.::. iec!.c!.!.ng 0:::' the cn~city of tJ::.e plant, S!l arbitrar;r figure 'r.'e.!! c!::o!:~ e.t e.bottt one car load 'Oer day. This gives 30 tenS to be t=~t~ d. ru:.l. ten tons to be used. as f uel under the boilers e'Ve%7 24 hours .. I!! b'.lYiDg the coe.l to be trea':.e'i, it will be specified t"at the cl~ci:: 6ba!! :::let 't.eve ove:, ~~ tl:.e.t will ~ss througt a 3/g11 sc:-een.. It will be nec8sse.I'; to tnU=.e t 1':ese s~cificatlona beep-use in ordinary 1 5.15" alack O1'er 68~ nll paae through a '-loIS" screen, a8 al::.oWIl 011 the scree::!. dete. co..rvel. This, however, will not ma.ce &!!.Y' rigid requlreme:::1te 0:1 the MuiDe interelts, '. ,,, , but rill keep the mine sweepings out of the coal p,lI'cbaeed. The eecompeny1nS n01'1 &h eet shows what product. I \ go into the process .Bll_d !!hat pro.ducte come out. Drawings of the !'laz:.t arranga::JeJlt and of the a!',P!lratus used are included 1n the back. . :'he tr ~c:k ilopper i& of t:'1e standarc! Jeffery type, 'tilth a capacity of 80 toni or two cr..r lo ad.s. 'Elia ca.!=8c1t7 w111, with the bunkers full, provides tor a three-day run without :" e'!ller:i s!-=ent. A. standard Jeffer;" elevator i8 used to raise tbe cofll rro~ the ho"?Per to the screens, E5 feet above the ':!"!!.cks. !t he! 8. copac1 ty of 5 tons an hour so tbat the bunl:.ers · , , =Nl be rUled b. eight ho'l.!.rs or d'.:.r1:.;- o:r::.e ~ i~t. ~2 screens are of the sheker t:.-ye an!!. w1 tc. t:t:.e Sa;'l:le c a~~ c ity 3 S te e ~ l ~ ~ ~ tor. ~ey c l v l~e t~ e coal into four sizes : ~ I!.e 'belo r. :. /eu in dle!:1eter ane. t=.ree over 3/81. , i. i! "::n1, .. ' . ; ~.. ','t ... I, pl • ," , " 'Of' -;:.-:,.;. ':".:::.e four bUllkers each have a capac!.~ ;- of te:J tous SO tl:at e. Cs.!' of e~ e.l esn be screened into t!lem at cr:.e ttme. The three b't:.nl:erB t:.et !eed the retortc are eaui-pec! W'i tl:. l:.ot ges heavers til,e t e.11 0l'V tl:e he t flu e gRaes from the s'..l1)er-heater to blow up :~ ro~= t :-.e coal to ,-,. and. 'PG;1"tly heat 1 t before 1 t is charged into the r etorte. T:t:e buDkers are made 0: steel plates with 5lo ~ 1n g bottoms toot direct the conl to ~e spouta. , " • _ ~.", ._-.'i'~ -:;:-_... -~f~ , ': '.- ,;,-.. --- -_.- -----;---~-. "--__ , .... -- A. oteel mono-rn.ll In.r!"".f car of smut one ton '" ....::.. .. ;... , ca:oe.cl ty 13 used to load the r etorts. It 1s o pera~ed Qy hond from the loadlD.6 platform. There are t hree steel r etortE .... ltl:. a::comodatlons provide\! for one more. 'lhQ' s. s .re th ree feet in diameter snd 15 f eet 9 inches high with • c81=8ci ty of 2i tone each . Tbe r etorts are made out ot ta.. ._.._. steel ulate and insulated on tee ou tside with 12" ot diatomaceous earth, that 16 held in position by another metsl cylinder. In order to take core of the thermal expansion, the retorts a r e :-.UI:.f !'ro::: t!le to-p and r est on a ball bearing with .ide 8U-ppo :"tS cm-i a s":>ring e.rrange:roent, e.:,'; shot:'!: 1:: the detailed Eke tel: , to :.cee:: then s t r a i ght . T!:e covers for the top e.nd :ot~o= O:;c::.!..::J.£E are detig:r.ed.. to ell or. for DO l e~ge of atea:n ~ e!.nEt e rin€: o~ s.6besto!l ~c:dng . The bottom of the retort hed to 'be c::)':l: ~~cte c. !l0 that th~ bottom door 1':'Ou1d not be too ::'eev.u. A ~O ~ ~heo e::::!!le size as the c!"Ocr;... 8ectio!: o'f the r ctor! 'WCul c. Tl'ei{;i: 10:') 1bs., 2-"!c r..e!lce woul i be too heavy t" menage cent.:-e of t!::.~ c."...a.r€,e. ~en the char ge 1s ready to be taker. out , the chain i s jerked up, witl:. s. boiet, which looeene the charge 10 that 1t will tall out. • , .:~ .' ---- ~ .' . :r Ii" . " .' " "::.',r: • ." ':" ., Tl':,e st enra in led i I! a t tbe top througb a epeciall,. designed connec t i on and valve t ~ take care .. a r e lee. throv.g..':o: tl hot conc.enser wce:-e the heavy o11a are taken , out. Tne g::lsec then go to the cold condenser where the .tea=. and oila are contiensed and the gas l ed. off. '.rhe condensed l1qu..14 ~ then goes to t..'lte separator where tl::.e crude all end .aate water a:e ee;3.!"ate:i. The gas is first scrubbed and then .tored in a gas holder. The c:"Ude 011 1s taken to the crude storage tanlcl befe re being cracked and refined. The 'ho t condenser reduces the tanperature of the ete_ ane gases !':-O::l 000° r to 2~ ? ~d. is designed to handle 2000 108. of stee;n rye:' ~.our. It: t ::' i s cO=~~ 6er ebout 630000 ! . T.U.II are r~vec!. per l:o-..:.r. T"!:.e col!!. c~ndense r 19 designed to reduce the te:operct-.:.re of the gases to 12CP Y. Its capacity 1s fo!' 2000 Ibs. 1?0° 11'. A~~'..!.t ~ 8 ge.l lo ~6 ner "!!in:'"lte of condensing water will be required. ?af" s:t:ok eless ~-..;.e l 1s .!.rop?e.:i !.nto ca:e be:l~t!:. the retorts an~ t he~ boistec to the storage bins Where 1t 1. !: CTeened i nto t hr ee marketocle si::ee before going into covered bin. rea dy" for sh11lDent. J:ac!:. of t :"e three bins 1I'ill have a c 8.p&e!~:" o! a b:>u t 30 tons. . c. :~, ., , "" -. ---" The Du; erh eated steem st:.:9plled to 'the retorts comet , ~ 15 1 6" ana. is mnde of r efr a.ctory brick. The pipes have a heating E\U"f'ac ~ of &; 0 8q .. ft. end 8 caooeity of 1500~ cu .. ft. per hour and steNt d veloel ty of 240 feet 'Per sec.. In the lo,..er 31 feet l ! - colorized u:'Oper G~ foet standard 1:l " atepJll pipe 1~ used.. Ar:OaIl.ge:ncnt of the t ubi ng . 8~ 81:01':'1': it:. the deta iled drawings, 18 ma!!e eo that the pipes can b~ re'PSired. 'Itl.e:: they become corroded., by having WTe ar:oanGements at tl:.e bottom to sbut off OIlY .ection 1nde-peudent of ,,::e :, ~ et 0:- the 6\l'oerheater.. The 'Pipes have R.R. unions on the C511 be r~ved. li ~t: e!ld. 1Xl"er to tl:::.e !Jlnnt. In the teet cl.er.t e. le.rge quantity of gal (3000 cu., ft. per t:::z::.) is p:-oduce:' 6:.=int the t reabent. :'!.s t !'!.b'.lte t!:is gr..s to t!:.e :::.ei?~ boriD.~ mining campi, Price and. :=el t>e:'. lfhere B. r eady merket l'Ould be a!!o:-:1ed. Tl:ere 11 :lO T'.:.~ re 19 en :!.!:ed1at.e p,pllation of about 11,:)" persona k tb.e~e cot!rnun1tles. We BubDit t ile followi:lg estimate. relative to thi. tase of the project. -3] - '" Price wi tr. II I=Opulatlon of 4084 1s located. Be that a , pi ?6 lL"le 0: about . ~ mi_l.s.. s in leD, gth would. .b. e necessary. , AS8U"T1ing five persons to the aver~e fom11T t1lere would be 617 ~Qt:! ~ lle s in P:-ice. !X,l &verD6e t&!!lily ... 111 use about 2000 C'.l. ft. of bRa to r c ~ o1:1nt; per month. At t~1s rAte t here 'Il101114 be about 1, 600 ,000 cu. ft. o! gaa used in Price. In the winter months tb ere would be a conaider3ble 1l:.cre~se 1:0. consum:ptlon due to nes.ting. (As &I check to the ebove assumptions end figure., the gns consumption in Sol t Wke before the introduction of natursl • gas "'as 1,500,000 cu.. ft. per day. Th,e population of Salt Lake '~ e ~g then aoout 125.000. the aver!lge use of gaa "as 8bout 12 C"''':' . f t . 'Oar person per day. At that rat.e, Price 1'IOuld '1188 12 x 4054 x 30 = 1.500 ,O'J'J c'J.. !t. per mont".:.. ~e. t fig-,:,r !! c.~ecl=8 TJ 5i:1g' 2. f'o r:rula f or gas 1:..0," in , tpes given by the :E. !. Stu.:' t.evant Co . (Fro::!. X:en~ $ Uec::a::::.ical Engineers Rendboo~ !lS€e 622) ~ • 3~.2h _ In 05 IL 'llhere D i~ the die!:leter of tbe "Oi?e 1n inches L is the length of the nlpe in teet h it; presS'u.re lOGS 1.n inebee of water Q. 1a cu. ft. per . .,!nuts. ASS'\Ellng that tbe major ~t of the ges 18 tranl!XIrted dur1.ne- 12 ~Our8 of tbe day . the!l t n e flo ... of ~ a. to Price ""oule.. be 5s cUe ft. per mi nute . five 1:'8. per 8q. in. pressure 108s .o~~ not be exee •• ivs. ..... --. _;4.. _ . -:.1 , - ,--~ " ,;.~. Therefore: Os = 39.24 -I n5 = 263 D - = 3' < l35 D5J 5.25 " , " , ). ~ :r: . , . - -- ~- x . '~ ' - 5280 'The pre a: u.re d.:o ' could be greatly lncr~aed thereby i ncres sing the flow to a much larger aI:JOUllt.. A three-inch pi:?! i6 then 6Uf'ficiently large for a high 'Pl'eaaure line to Price. CO'st :;::st1.Jn!lte 2.!!. Line !2.. Pr1ce. 3" llain • 31¥ / ft. : 5250 x 5t x .34 = 9420.00 3xcavation & :DecidUl • 'OSS per 7d.. :­( 2 x 3 x 5280 x 5t/27) x .8 = f;e1 di~b' handling end lay1ng pi ~e • 4930.00 150 "er r:lle : Eeuling ~i~e a .20 per ton 01 .• [=ror3.;ec. cost of booster ~'-I : ?itti~ ~~ ~ Cont~~gen c!eB gel:; !-'ro= Snrb.-t Glen to ReI 'Oer. 1.25 miles 787.00 30.00 635,00 l5, B02 . ~ 2, ~ JO . 00 $ l {, SC2.00 3" ::lain ~ 3~e , !'t = : .23:) x 1. 25 x .34 = Z1:=a":"2 t:' -: '" ~ ?3ck:ftll ~ 80" - er ::-!.. = Welding , handll!'1g and. laytng -;i~ = 2245.00 1175.00 187.00 15.00 322.00 Saul i::g ::i "':te = ?rore.te=. Co!>t of Booster ?tmlp • - Fittings &: Coiltlngenciea - 35- : .944 .. 00 1,000.00 $ 4, §Ii4.00 ..... , - ~ , ' I . $ -,.~ ... .: . ". ,i . ,' . 0:' .. - ___ '- .,-,!- ' .. " - ----- .' .. Population: 655 ':", 2.6 mH.. ~ ... - I ~."'.\ • " , ily the use ot ~e a~.e gas , n ow formula .~... .:~... ---".;., .... \ it can b e fO'.lnd t':lst rl t:.. 8 pre~.ur. drop of ten pounds per sq. inch. . 7' and a gas no~ of 10300 cu. ft. per day, that a pipe 11'1 th a d1~e ter of troo inches ~ll BUftlce. , . - ','-'~'- . .. -.-..,. . ~ = 39 . 24 - I - : 3't ...... - .. ~ ?~~~ .... .. .;)l.: .. ~ •• ,.t. ".,. ~ 14.3 • 39.24 - ' I 277 D5 1 5280 x 2.6 there being a len&tb ot 2 . 8 mile. tor the main between Helper end Kenilworth 2' ~ai., • 1 &~ I nor !to Exe~vet1on e..."l!! "tackf1l1 • SO¢ rei. 1'ieldil:.g , !,~dl!.!l g a:td laying pipe ~ 125 E e:';':~ pi"')E! ~ 20.-1' ~r tor. =.i1e, Eo ~ ~ter ~p !'lttine 5 &- Co:lt .. = : --: : $ 2450.00 2630.00 350.00 25.00 150.00 5. 605.00 1.200.00 S 6.505.00 ~e line t" Eeber 'lll'i11 ~_~v e to C8.::-ry the gaa both !O~ Eel~9r ~~~ !o~ Castle Gate. w~le~ 1, just s few miles nort~. Heiner 1s 1.8 miles n~rth ot Helper and has a ~~atlon of 286. Castle Gets hp.S 8 no~ n t1on of 923. 1203 x 12 = 14500 eu. ft. l"'r dq = 20 cu. it. , mi:>. 'l:llen a 311 ni p8 18 nora then auffic:ient. .... , . ., " . " " '; _c, ';: ,! ~I:' ~:-'.: -,' , . " 3n main C 34c por ft. = Exco.ve tion 6..'1d backfill @ gO ~ per yd. 1( Weld.iIl.6 , h anCl ing and l a;-ing pipe = @ 150 ~per cile.. \ Eaullr..g pipe. 2!J¢ per ton mi. ::­Prorated cost ot booster pump = ri t t~8 & Cont. : . , $ 3230.00 1690.00 270.00 20.00 44,50 5.254. 50 1.200.00 $ 6.454.50 Esti:s.te on llai::. Fro::: Reiner to Castle gate POp.ll3.tioZl of Castle Gate 1s 923. DiStance between to~s 18 1.S ::11e8. l'rom tb.l!! data it 19 eeen that a two inch ~l~e _111 Rcoomodate Castle Gate. 2" main C l ~¢ per ft •• :;xc'3.vation and backfUI 0 SOC yd., = i'iei c.i!l.g , handling and l ay ing of pipe = ::s'.:.!!..:lg ~!~e ~ 2':>.: ::>er ton !!li . ::' ?ror s ~ed cost of booster 'P'..n1' • :'i t ~ :!l.E s &- C')'C t lne enclea = 1575.00 1700.00 225.00 2J.00 144.:):) - 'I. ~_ ;, o ;)"t. ;.J "; 1 , I)IJO. 00 S li,6611.00 Esti..:nete 0: 22.!l Q£ !la ir. F!"o':! ~e1"!)e!" 'to S~::::~ C:')-yon and Stnnaardvl11e. !'Otp_l ~ 15ta:!ce 1s 3.8 n:11e8 ~"'::T..:l -· 'on i s l 'lr ?~;'Oe;i; ge s c)~6~?t1on = l 65()') C".l.. ft. per day. A th.ee inch l ine then will suffice. 311 ::lair. e 34¢ per ft. s E.r.cava tion and backfill @ 30~ per yd. : Ileldi.'"l ~ , handling and. lay~~ of nipe • Ee,;li:lg pipe ~ 2O.t ~r ton mi. : ~r::l t e1 cC' !' t ~f booster '":Unp = Fitt_lngs and Contingencies. - 37- $ 6820.00 3570.00 570.00 30.00 250.00 -$ 12.140.00 ... ' • ',- , "". , ,, -".,, \>' ' • I. ,". It c ~,::. 'cs se~::. t3at if e:-: i::\' esbent of s-;.;-eo;;oo-i5 l':l.r..de on a. r-iy.:€l 1::.e to Pr i c e , t::.e y t!s:rly ic.terest of S% bein~ $l 425 . 0:) . 8!'l.d a 12 ,500 cu. ft. stot'A€e ta~ used mich r.oulc. co st ir. t:-.e n e i~:-.. bo .. 1:ood of, ; , O~O. rbich at S~ 1. T:"1C Ut ch Get> Cc . in 1 ~;J WaS Baid to !'-..e.ve !:eid in ,- excess of 5.30 !'t!..(··or~ gas at the cit3' gates. I!l other eities ~.:?S tv. is ll sea. , it ehould be on the We side for estimating. :;1en 3 '; So ::5 /J~ P:-ice 1rt) l;ld gi va a s. ...l iJl of $4300 -eer ;year as their "ir ooe::::le cor. s=-;)';;lon. !'or (Selper) 02:;0 00 , 634:~J ~ 3674.00 f year. ()(e:1 il no rt::) p:-o': s.'::le Incoc:e !roo g39 at Xe=ilf!lO!"".::' I::~. on 1:l!Jt.!!11p. tion :: (Heiner) = Pr:>bp.ble income of gaB at 'Seiner :: Int. on installation Loss = -36- • l~. OO - .. ~ .OO - 240 ,00 S ... 1, .. "'0 ~ .... , .... 342.00 516.00 , Tear. $ 174.00/ year. , - "'-1• f'~;211 ~f:~:' Bu t i!~tZ must be 'Piped t o Bei:H:r to be piped th rough to Castle Gate. (Cnstle G.t.) ? ~'~ acle income of gas :- Int. on installation. 371 .00 I n t . 0::' tsr.k = 240.00 ;ll. -:>~ 1104 .00 611.00 f1'33 .oo / year. If the 174.00 1068 at Beiner 1s attributed to Ce stle Gs.te t :'l.P.n 493.00 - 174.00 = 319. 00 for profit end (Spring CAIlYon) ?ro 'oA,'ole inco!:1e of gas • r ~~ c...,st on inRtallation " • .. tarJ: : = 1'J20 .00 -:22-4 ;-':0" ..- 0.)C0; 1644. 00 120:. . 00 , · - ~ li r" • : . :; . • .. )'.J I yee.r • \'uce ':J f . 2::: I:~ ~o '!' eas n: ised. t::e uro!'!.';s c: -;,lj be ir..creased !,!:lite sutstar..';iell::. There ig ~ ,~ ~ ~ th e 'tO ssi'::.l ity o! increasing A g~ s ~ ~~ t rib~~1on sy st~ i~ s e~ to hcve its oerits even at the ~i ~~rf8 ~ r o se~tei. 7he nr1ee of ~?tcre l gao ~ Solt Lru:e ·: H ;." 15 S 4. 9:: foZ" the first 5000:) c....:.. f~. deli:o: cr e:!. ~:-at is S . 9;/l ~ OO cu. ft. of gee. From the 9r1ces assumed 1n t~::'s e 8t:L~~ t e . t l: ot r.ocld 1eeve S.74/M for distribution. In '= riC l' a l one t.:·,e income would be $14 . 400 I yenr. Cap1te11zed ., . , " , 1,' ,. ;. '. et s,z tr.~ t ~';',:,:" jU2t l.!:' !'In 1n.ventmen t of $240,000 disrage.rding c.eprec1atio!lo It r.ould be r.!ce to consid.er a distributing syste:J: for ~es 'I'"[;.e:: 8 pbn ~ :" s b"J.i. l'i.. '7ne lni".aoit.:mts of the var10us n eii"·~ borb. s to !"·T.E s ~.o ·.ll.d be Ca.'1V8sse..i to ascertain teetr desires ~or the inst!'!ll~~!.on of gaB . Z:e &bove figures are based on tbe demand of Sal~ La.:.e City before nntural gas WQS introduced and ehould not b~ t. ~e:l AS e.bsolutel y f1.nal. 4 .".,.e.;.; or .... s .. ~_~./ 3 ' 00 2 :O!lc.e-:l so rs _ ?~.:l I 22';0 = = 1 S~r.erator , !eed PU:l'~ O:lc. 1:0 1.0:- (12 gal 'Per m:"~) • 1 Condensor !'.n:- (!::r g. p.m.) 1 Co!ldensor 7.=r.::: ::lOtor 1 &11er s t:: :'!' :' end a ir y-..:np f:~::. = = • 1,)0 ~ !.. o 3c:, : c :- (wcc::!O::ie t:::::.e) c : rl e .. et.or (7::;" - J€:fre:; ~lO :) ?>.!""kera Sc::-een &: $l-.:i:;:er (5 tons ner c r ) ! !~('Ito :, : :>!" ":"lc':'";.:- <;'o :- n.'":.c. ecr ee ~s .. St eEl Sb6: e ::- :-!:tec - ~ terry Steem ~i~in~ : Gas ~iping Fl ~ e e~s ~~~ in g Fl-.;.e g 3$ !".;'.!I 1 t~cck ~-?€~ - cJ~ ~ lete Ee tor'; ~o use 50 !w el ec ~ ~ i c e~~i~ ~ 501 ~ Relie!' C.as ~ol-:'e~ ( ; 0 ,(:)':0 cu. t) 2 ;:: ~ . I) Bbl. Cit Tanka S?W" t r!lc.:.:.s Coke Stor!:l€'e = = = = = == = = = --= 2512.00'" 3000.00 100.00 125 .0,) 155 .00 5:> , CXl 975.00 i;500 .0J 1 7,1 ."..\.~... ...:.: "8" &55.00 590.00 .... 125.0:> 50.00 200.OJ !O?o::> 1299.7:> v 1JC .O) 275 .00 1:;C::.O:: 5775.00 ~ 2500.0') 1=0.00 1500.00 1575.0: 4117 .00 $ 44,193 .36 , '-' ') '·1 .. ~ •• J '- , . ,.,-';:". r .. Screen • : nl'.nL. & Deem8 = Sides Steel = :'!"a.cl:: = Car -- Boht -- ~'O t al = 2 gil:: :=e!'.=. :roll eys •- .' --:u ~ .:'.L :III;S ST!ZL: 195 .00 1527,00 590,00 300,00 400 ,00 415,00 $ 4117 , 00 1)0.00 rls l! -:..late = 200~l J l i'i J ' feb . 44,00 1:.00 $105' . 00 240 lb., 1215 • ~ x 3 x t In&l es 0 4.? - 6t ' long 122 • .. -.' .j .- .!.oJ : ~.~~! '..,~, f", ..... _-- --, ...:-.~ ~ - -~ , x t ~gleo ~ 4.9 ~~'-.. ~- o _ 3 x 3 - 10' long 300 lba . 3 - 6' C"tlMnds. Sf - 33: • 792 lb •"." """ -- --~ 3 - 6' Channels = l zt - - 15' • 550 Plate. 3/16' x 14 ' x 16' J;ottom 3 bin. 252 3/16 x 10 x 9 • 1 bin : 116 x 24 x E J'ront 4 bi~. 4 x 3 / 16 x 10 x 4 Sides 4 bi,,' 525 sq. ft .• 7. 65 = 4025 lis x 24 , x 0 Fror:t 4 bin. to x lIe xl·:' .. x - Si6.a6 4 bins 1&4 8~. !rect i!lg Labor = 100. 00 $ 590.00 .'-' -.' -" F. e tort Di!\c!":. ~!" & o pirilng to Cone.cn cor 9. 4 -3' val ves - @ :: 0.00 -- 32 •00 .' 7 - ,, " Serer-ad e1bo:,s :; $ , 4 - 2.36 ' " 3 - 3' ~' ecs iil s . 49 = 1. 47 4 - pes. 3' ni"pe 3' _01i = 12'-0" - .' 2 -• , 5' _011 = le i_Oil 1 • " 41_on - 41_01'1 'j 1 1 - • , 41. . 6" -- 1..:.1_611 t , , , 11 _8" ! '_g" { • - = , , , '-1 .- II 51. 611 -" · - J _ 0 : .1 ! , , 1 1 ... 9" -- 11 - 9" a • , , 2 1 ... Or. 2' _0 11 i - = '., " • \-' "7 I ;"r. 'I • " 1; .25 • " .... ; ; : ....... _':'" _1" oi-.,e a : '-'7* 1.50 ~ .. ""' " -- 0 , "':cs 1" e.lbor.s 0. S.lO .90 n:: . 12" ni!}e 2'J 1_ f)11 II 2.20 -- ~ .00 - 12" !"leng . So " < ;. 65 7. 70 0 - = 2 - 12" ble:-,c n ::r.gee @> S < 4_ 10 . 0 0 , . , = !:-.6 tal l e. t ion : ;5 ./)3 '!'o ~c.l = $ l U9.l0 : : ~ cc. t:oip1t:.g : $ 220.:>0 ;09.10 '.,:. t • ; • i ;: • i ! t t • f , II,r I , f· I ~ - 4 10 2 - 2 < < 1 l. 4 Eo t Pi.picg To? of Reto rts , 5' fl C'r.g ca. eltowE - C. S. 0 12.00 5' 8cre'r."(; c. elbo"lS 8 0.25 Lx"?t;Ilsion "bellOT""s ., 6.00 pcs. 5" p!.";?e ',i 1_6" l oc€ = 111_0n • • , 1 1_<, ;n • = 2' _611 • • , 31- 0 11 • - 61_ott • • • 2 1_0" • = 4'_011 • • , E'_OIl • = 61_0 11 • • • 5' • = II_B"A 2'3 '- 2" OJ . 65 4" .t:.' .- :-;':. ". t;: ~~. 1! ::- ~ve!, @ 1-;"; .00 :,:: ::: ?i !'.it: !l ~g ~ eo G 1.10 I:'EtElb.tion Lebo r To tel .. . '~44.;-· = 46.00 - 25.00 -- - 60.00 -- l E.90 = 70::: . ':'J ., in = ,. ,- -- ;0. 00 -- $ 930. 00 . • ,f • • • 10 5" e ~ i- 5" '" 6t 12 x 3/g pI 0" ~ ISo:' g' II 1 9ji e" 1 @. l Si gu I 0 lor g' [ @ 11 3:+ goo [@ 111+ S":;c e l Eill - ~eto rt EC'use 35 ' 4x3 x3/ S 33 ' 50 1 /3 ' 50 1 /-:' 1 18 ' 35' 33 ' 18 ' 20 ' 6-\- . &!. ~9 .3 1* lSi l S I! 1"" 11 ~ , 11. 25 724 .5 333 392 220 1 " 05 :::~ ... . e 22 7 22 7 2480 9'J3 324 630 595 200 225 ::'o t.:.1 :; ::- ' . :: " . .; -:. 5:':' ir.~ , .' - , 0 , 10 40 . .. -- .. . ' : . . :!zc' • 2 x - , ,0 ,;:; - , .... -- . x - ~ ~ • - 'oJ - - . , - co 7. ~o .. : \'it . o~ truss = Totsl . " , ; .. ... ., '::' C: I T. l:-t = ! I " . , ~ Y. 7 ';: = fl oo r (c!:ec::e r e': nl cte) ~ 1 6 . ~ '/ / 1- ~. ! ..:tI 2'J " . : c.tll ~ ':" • ..oJ = Zxtroa 2730 I ' ' 0 )0..1 22280 2724 972 630 595 800 900 1, 800 1:.-.- c:.4 6 . ' . 1/ . 200 7", . 1i4 ~ $ l.:J ~ 20 . 00 225 . 00 310. 00 2CO .00 s 7. 2; 5.00 : 20.00 5 . 77 5. 00 . " .. :. • j , i,, i , , I t l i I t- , Rete r-~ 'Zotin'.!I.te - / TOT! (in., !' C. s. 95* .,' " 'I'D? r ine • 70r :::0 t tom r ~!l.s • ~tto:t: deor • Inner shell _ steel plate 7 x 3/4n rings DOltS O .. tsi cie snell P..1m~ : ~:;. x .05 ::a pipe ~~tt er.: Cost nor 120f 4?,~. 2900 * 332P 3fli 8 eoch . 18 c. s. G; .1B o .06 ton , I : -- ~E. t ne:' Eetvrt :?le to :'ts To tel : : [phone] . 00 60 .00 / 10 . 1e Zl.OO 15.10 ': .00 45 .00 $ 653 .00 $ 2, 512. OC .-- ,. "":" . ' . _-. ... :,e. ...... J ~;.:?j ." .. , . ',. ~ ' ... t--- . ., . ' .. '. " ' . . -~ . , Superbeater Est~te -- 05 , Il n u .Ey . • calorized _ 5 ' • 325 = , < • 1·;'" std. - , - 61_411 -- 32' • It:.. g c- • 1·;• " 1:x. ::.r • c ~ lori%(d ... 6'_4' • 32. "- • 1·~1f • • 71_011 • 35 • 5 • It ' IS to. pipe - 71-011 = 35@ 14.8 240 • 1~1I R.R. :;l"eo1t' Union 0 .98 • 21+0 • 1.1- !.:al. St. blbows II . 20 • ,0 • 1 ~ at:' ge.t~ velTeR.2.50 = 10 • 1.·· spel . 81103" -pl\:.g cock. C 2'5.00 = I • '-" ~ t c. pipe 6' - 9' • .90 = 1 pr o C: II oipe !"lr.r.gE s e 2 .2'; • : zbor on t.e:a c.e:'G ~ 10.00 "e. = -: 0::)':. tire 3!"ie::: '" 6e .OO = --,1.0 A I" ..,., C01lrY)!! "'" " • ..FJ = : ::y i llg brick = :.:n ers ... 1.!letalled = Stoek ~ . -- -:- _.- ,. ..-. '" - 114.70 .66 = 212.50 4.75 .66 • 21.10 . 66 = 23.10 5.28 235.00 48.00 25.00 250.00 6. O'J 2 .2~ 6.90 12.00 20.00 102.00 108.50 5S.00 200 .00 47.60 100.00 48.00 50.00 1705.68 -..::,. '. smokeless fuel 1200 lbe. , . Large eil~e " •• JL .. )ladi ~ size .e. l,l e ·~ · 4 Sm.crll dze .elle in ,Wholesale price $1.50 IS8s than retail price per ton. .. ~~ Average vg-.,4 ..... e 0 f &:"..0 k e1 8S8 fuel C-OL t "~--b on Co..'.'.·. ....J . = $). 'I."T~ per to n .. " Therefore Talue of 1200; or IIN)kelee. tubl -- $ 2.19 ! ~ar Oil _ 30 CS1& of tor oils are 'Produced per ton of coal. T"cl s Till crack into 10 gal. gaeoline SI')0 cu. ft .• 1300 :9.':.0. o! ga ll . ~ gal. of kerosene 69 l b •• ot coke. Velue of 10 gal of "".011". II» 15 cent p,l. : 1.50 • • •- gel. o! 1:eroee=.e ~ 10 I (Ill. -- .50 • • 0-0. ! 1; t. o~ c c.ke 0 .'!, ": '5 ".r to" -- .. 1Q"' t • • !OO 0-' , ft, gal • .20 ".r l.! = ,16 (1) ~e.8 _ 2200 cu. ft. of 950 B.!.U. gal aro produced. per ton of c,.l trented. Value of 2200 cu. ft . of gaB • • 20'~ .44 (1) Total value ot product. :' $4.95 - - - - - - - - - - (1) Gas w1.11 t-,[!,Vtl no actual Talue unla •• aold. , - '-­ ~, .. ~ .~ " . .' ... E cf .. ; f.-•" >"'-:' ·- -...­. [ " ~..; - ;.x.. -' ~.~ - .:~~ t-- - F" ~ r,', . t~ r ::' , . . ~ . , [,.. ,f ! I .... ,')--- --- -- " Cont of ?roduc1.ng per ton of cool treated. ,.. \ . _~ Co.t of 4/3 x 2000 11> ••• 1.00 per ton = .- . - -",~" ~.... 1-· $ 1.33 c"s" o~ Labo r @ 50; pe:r:~ and 2 men. per &hift.SO Co&t of Wa.t.er 0 7;. per 100 C'I;.. ft. ~d using . 13 C'J... ft. per sec. S" Cost of crac!dng 011 0 3¢ gal I ton Interest on $44,193.38 I ton Total cost per toll • Income peT ton = 4.94 :V zt ;-er ton: 3.16 .1.;,3 per ton--: F~fi~ p~d deureclatloD "r -$ 17. 400 pe!" '!Ill t per Tear. I!' (;U if no': sol!!, tbe 'Oro!!.: ud. deprec !.atioc = $ 1.00 per ton .-------- .."-.-,-'; .. .90 •• ,.' .~~ d . ,._ .. ':'~J • .t"'') . ".'~ .. . . , , .' , Conclusions: Uta):! has 0 natural r ecource, coal. 1'hich in its dor.:nant sta te menna little but if .~,e veloped rill give to a • Utah/gigantic induatr,y. -~- '- . --- Al t!loU(;r. U~~ has a huge supplY" of coal, 1 ta present method of use 18 undesirable. !'he burn1n& ot coal 'C1 csnd.-fired burners has created the smoke mer..a•ce . To sunnount this objection, a -plsn has 'been presented, name1,.. t.=.e Xarricl:: proc ess of 1o~teruperature carbonization. In .,:':1.5 procen t valuable 011, gasoline, and gas are obtained from the coal. leaving a desirable low-~riced cmokeless fuel. !:"O~ the !"1gures given, i t is s een that the ~rocess ir ~ustiflable. economical. and sCientifi~. A co~ercial teet - !:m ~ C3Jl be bu..i ::. t 1fhich will, rl "';.: .~'': : ~ ~:)\fc t. pay 1!. "/id.end.8 . ! t is eu: sincere recom:::H!!!ld!:. tio::. t:!: e. '; Ei.J.c::,. e ple.!l t - 50- : .. I ' . ' ~ .. ~ .. ...::: ',r ' .:. . :i,- -- ., BIBLIOGRAP!!Y - -. -, .._ . • , Coal - 3y E. lie Pe.r1-:er, Y'.S.G.S. Min. Rea. 110 -... - - ---. • 1 •• I ndustrial Commission, Report Bulletln 14 . • .' Bulletin 112, Ut~ Coal producers .lSBOcutlon .. - . . ," G<>olosy of Utah Coal Field. _ i:dimmd II. Spieker (U.s.G.S.) Univerei ty of Illinois Bulletin I. "z,o", Temperature DistIllation of Coal" ~ Parr. Coal, Its C"istory &: Uses _ .By Lo!1don 101': Temperat"'..u-e Carbonization - Br Lander & llellar)" J\O.e:-ic.3n Petroleum Refining _ ~ 'E. S. :Bell Co~::os1t1ol! ef light Oils !"rom to1T 7;nperature C.arbo::izatioll c! Utal:. con.P - 37 R. t. 3row.o. tmd ~. :E. Cooper. !!:.C:'.:.st:'1a l aIle. ~ineerit:. g Che=lst:-y - Vol. 19, Jan •• 1927 F:,.:!.ct :'onsl A:l.alysis of Gas Proon tow Te::!!perature Car- 'bo~ha t 1o:l of Cc-9.1 - By 1. !:. F-:ey and 1'.' F. Tant !!lc'J.strial S!:d ~in e e rl!1? Cha:Jist17 - Tol. 19. Jan • • 1927 , { .:.{, ~ .. Month oct. }fOT. Dec. Jan. ,eb. liar. .lpr. !.!ay June July .l1l6. Sept. Oct. SOT. Dec. Jan. !'eb. Ilar. A.pr". 1I~ Juno July .l1l6. S.pt. Oct. XOV. !)ec. Jan. !' " .. , '. , ._-_._-- Price RiTer at Helper , Utah Dr. Area = 530 Sq. mile s - )tin. dis. ~ 4 c .r.s . .i.ug 8, 1925 \!ax. di. = flood. (5500 •• e. ft.) ... 1~12-16 1£1n. :r10w Iloan C.l'. s. 27 31.2 24 35.1 21 31.2 25 33.5 27 35.2 30 175 210 494 i~ 651 372 139 1°· N o' -t 141 55 66 1910..17 45 64 30 39 30 335, .4 • §Ii 71 56 363 360 922 365 1070 ~ 178 54.7 41 53.2 1911-16 43 46.1 29 a7•4 26 _ -- - .. - _ 1.3 -.---- 34 41.6 ~ j , '"'" . ....: .. -.. .. _ . .. -. . - ._ .. _-- ·1: .'! .. .---_. {:: !i~: ::.l ~. -"- .. -.- - Feb. ."." ).!a:r. ~. , Apr. lIay June ~ .. Jul7 .lug. Sept. Oct. BOT. Dec. Jan. 7ob. liar. .lpr. lIay Juno JulT Aug. Sept . Oct. roo ... Dec. Jim 7eb. Uar. Ao--;r. !lay Juno Jul7 ~ug. Sept. Oct. llov. DeC. Jan reb. liar. _ .' -------- 34 36 17 147 , 38 , 22 . '- . 14 14 1918-19 31 27 40 23 16 27 172 253 40 28 20 20 191?-20 ,- .J -' 0, 22 19 fl':) ;:::1 lr:;2 36 26 -'4 1920-21 39 30 96 .' 41.6 85.7 115 286 124 . 93.5 . 26.8 56.6 58.9 44.6 50.2 34.3 }4.9 95.2 31} 558 103 36.4 45.6 137 }5 27 29 28 29.4 ,....:.. 9 104 !OOC 458 77.1 131 63 46.8 45 25 25 33 IS0 . .' " ....".... ..... ' : . , . -' - --- .' -1 ; , .. .I , . ' -,.-;. ~; .. -; I ., 'i I' '­'. i·· .. :""(:. ~;:::;i7t- ·~.i;f>;.- ~,. ~: ::,".,. ~ .. ;'!' ~- , ~, .• -<: - . e" I.pr . uny JUne Jul, Aug. Sept Oct. Nov. Dec. Jo:Jl reb. lola%'. A:nr. ll", JUDt' J1.lly Aut;. ~ ep t. , . 192t::;Y.> 48 .-..,. ,- ... 63 730 1~ 54 37 \ \ , ! rom U.S .G. S. n. 518 ~260 J:.""1 1200 ,82 104 140 107 57 59 47.6 40 38 58 226 1640 814 135 95.1 54.4 .... _-- -----