Dose utilization in high resolution x-ray imaging

High resolution x-ray imaging requires high radiation dosages that are damaging in medical and many industrial applications. In these applications minimizing dose while maintaining image quality is imperative. The relationship between dose and image quality is examined for high resolution x-ray imaging using a typical bremsstrahlung radiation source. A mathematical model relating dose, contrast-to-noise ratio and the energy spectrum of the x-ray beam was developed for projection imaging. The model can easily be applied to a wide range of imaging tasks, such as resolving the internal structure of electronic components or the trabecular structure of bone. A comparative analysis of noise in projection imaging and computed tomography is included. This analysis allows extrapolation of the results from projection imaging to computed tomography. A computer simulation study was conducted based on the mathematical model with results presented in graphical form. The study shows proper choice of peak beam energy significantly reduces the dose required to obtain desired image quality.