Walsh & Hoyt: Munchausen Syndrome

Malingering must be differentiated from factitious disorder with physical symptoms, also called the Munchausen syndrome. Patients with this condition intentionally produce physical symptoms and signs, some of which may be ocular. Symptoms might include swelling and redness of the conjunctiva simulating an orbital cellulitis, scarring of the eyelids and conjunctiva, and even chorioretinal scarring, all of which are then presented to members of the medical profession. Although the motivation for malingering might be monetary compensation or avoidance of military service, there may be patients with Munchausen syndrome who are thought to harbor a psychological internal need to adopt the role of the sick person.