Joseph City on the Little Colorado: chapters 14-18

Typescript of chapters 14 through 18 of a manuscript dated 1972 and entitled "Joseph City on the Little Colorado," by George S. Tanner and J. Morris Richards. 73 leaves, mostly unpaged. Note that there are significant differences in the text found in another version also in this collection, in Box 15. Both copies have notes about being edited in 1973. This copy is largely unpaginated and is probably the earlier version.

/t/ CHAPTERH" It than the would be difficult s~ttlers .of ·the method used call furnished is to imagine in calling in the diary I a more devoutly who made up the Little pict_ure I How They Worshipped C9lorado religious colonies. I group An intimate the pioneers, and their response of C. L. Christensen cf Manti, Utah. I to the I I I 'on January 23, 1876, it was announced by Bishop Lars Anderson that some were going to be called to Arizona, the n?lillber being~give. The intent of the mission was to establish the United Order, and form an acquaintance with the Indians and do them good. A quite lengthy and interesting discourse was delivered, and then the Call: Who? - Who wil/ go? Who will be called to leave fathen,: mother and all for the Gospel's sake? AAll had their ideas about who would be called. I was sure I was one, although I had not heard a word till this time: Finally the names! All listened with all attention to the following names: Peter Isaacson, Marques Hansen, O. C. Oversen, Olle Larsen, C~.L. Christensen. All were surprised at this selection."l c_· There cailed seems to have been no prior to the mission, made had resulted would only desire to go, but and do all and thought." 2 announcements work and great how many felt (we were) become one, previous in some guess One wonders direction but consultation things that same day as Co L. Christensen, weeks later. Joseph H. Richards and had three ,veeks in which those calls were to be to be expectancy. "I did not as the Lord had revealed--this January was called to get ready 230 from their They left a week earlier to leaveo library, ( 2 From typed copy of Journal page 17-18. of Christian Lingo I was my Arizona t\-JO on January 16· None of them seems Christensen, I wards to • 1 I where we respective for I even know the it was some good place John Bushman and John McLaws were called the that as Christense1:1: trusted with I in BYU Ibid·, page 18. In view of the large percentage of later defections from the mission one wonders how many of those first called lacked dedication to the Church and only went to Ar:i,_zona because refusal to go would have branded them as poor Latter-day S~riits in the eyes of neighbors. . ., ,. ~· ,,,. . have had any prior complete / been intimation surprise of their on the part the subject of connnent. :zealots dealing with and it therefore came as a to the call of superiors treats this subject to themo Obedience called call, of Zion, of the Hoffman Birney which the Little faithful contains Colorado a chapter "On the River baa in his book of Flax" settlements. . Pr.ittle in history has ever been accomplished by the tolerant individualo •• The bigots are the doers. Only fanatics could have survived the rigors of frontier existence ••• Theirs was a disci~line beyond all belief and a courage that was sublimeo~ The Mormon pioneers as acts of faith and devotion on the or.iginal oxen, trip than to Arizona, have their struggles of fanaticismo because J. characterized T. Woods says of the heavy load placed that on his {My son and I did not ride over an average of five miles out of each hundred, and my wife and little girls· had to walk for the same reason, sometimes through mud:1 and slush ankle deep.~ They camped out ( would rather thick.on the river. in their covered wagons when the ice was 20 inches ·They would have become discouraged> '~we would be discouraged." Upon reaching he laments advised that "That the Little of the original only The Little the best two weeks of July worriedo when he wrote, water supply ''The land 3 5 Johnson did in Utah, the remain of Zion, page 313-3140 Letter to Deseret NEWS, August e- Deseret July 18760 News~ April feelings river tfuetber will . mission." irrigation, 4 was -e.. 18760 of most is goodo If of the colonists I am a judge, have faith. to increase 6 to be seeno 11 Here were·settlers 31, 18760 letter the it, ·- -----------~ we shall 6, 1876; Tietjen 28, for this by Balllnger, Tietjen, ih~ 5-c-H l c,y,; NEWS, butt~ did not seem greatly zealots BallJnger letter letter July 22, 6 th.is is not abundant.· as our fathers 4 along for and two weeks of June and first is mentioned to the Deseret expressed water the last 1876, and the fact Lot Smith probably 60 men left can be found be select~d duri~ 31, 1876, on August were scarcely which was to furnish and Sunset in letters 5 settlements 200 there that Colorado, dry at Brigham· City and Johnson Colorado July 16, 1876; whose very life of the Little I early I depended Colorado, Julyo Yet, who were discouraged I - ./, /?_~l\1 ., .. was no water in turn _upon the waters· in the river in June and seem to be perturbedo way to Arizona, and returningo This met some of the - first did not seem to worry 7 ',( 1/ on his and tlrnt -"'I am well satisfied that this is a good country and those who have left and gone back will some day be ashamed of themselves and wish themselves back. Large • towns inhabited by Latter-day Saints will ere long be built up on this soil, on the banks of the Little Colorado. I hank God that I and mine are here and I intend to stayo~ £~' l and there they did not George Dabling, / on ag~iculture, I settlers him much: I I I I ,_ I v / Most of the letters with faith sent and a determination back to friends to succeed. and relatives resounded Here are extracts from a few more: "It giving ( is all United Order here and no beating "The companies are going into the United it every thing they possess, their labor, around the bush." 8 Order, to the whole extent, time and talent."9 "I never saw a set of men feeling better in the gospel than we do. in my lifeo I feel like devoting my time, For my part I never felt better talents and means to the building of the kingdom. rrlO "Three of the sons of Bro. Jeremiah Hatch and my sister Elizabeth wello Two of the boys have familieso These have arrived and are feeling young men are full of faith and are willing to work for the cause of Zion. We expect to build together and work and board in the Order, having one interest, and that we. trust will be for all. 1111 "I believe most of the saints who have remained wish to carry out the counsel of the servants of God who sent us on this, as we think, important mission. o .Our mail reaches us in 10 or 12 days, which we think good for people l·iving in a desert, where it was thought people could not live at all. 1112 · 7 Ibid, 8 9 10 11 I I I I August 20, 18760 John A. Blythe, rbid, I April Theodore May 24, 1876. 28, 18760 Angell, May 28, 1876. Lorenzo 'Ho Hatch, March 18, 18770 12 Lot Smith, Feb. 24, 1878. Letter to Deseret NEWS. ORGANIZATION As was customary, settlers who were to act ·captain$ conducting ducting together, In a letter written instruoted president sa. tisfactory the stake and religious ability. their blessing over matters. In the the The four individual Only in a ward todayo decisions, as building They were concerned Sunday services, was no sta.ke organization settlements "captains" and these deci- dams and ditches too with more spiritual and baptising children, and~, matters and con- funerals. settlements been question to such mundane affairs corn and wheat. appointed much as a Mormon bishop would seriously would relate planting There rebel temporal and proven they were considered a religious like in both were men of experience colonies sion~ the Church leaders to a.nd Lot would but.they to Lot Smith, exercise seems do vrith arrangement the-i!iPs°4i-1rwe-yea:Pe to tie the four worked seem to have weP~ in harmony nonthe ~resident a. general to have the and wards Young indicated oversight d one th· is of his Lot Smith over all that the e,~~lE~ less. he had Little Colorado · muc h th e same way a. stake in stake. This seems ·would b9c ome the to stake have been a president when was org~nized. ·· from the letter whether President Young intended Brown to have charge of the colonies to be formed or only the exploring mission of 13 meno Their quarrel over who was in charge is related on page 478 of the book and March 2426 of Brown's diary, 1876. 14B.rown' s diary ( notes are as follows: "I called Br. Lake out and told him that he;,had betrayed my confidence in him, in that he had come to my camp as soon as he had turned his team out and asked me who was a going to h~ve charge of tb2 companies, for said be, Lot Smith seems to think that he has charge of all the companies and everything, and I think that it is March 27, 1876. your place and I will not work under him if I can help it." 15 willard Lake and his wife, Violet, live in Farmington, Utaho On a -~ visit this writer asked Willard if his father had expressed any opinion on the disagreement between Lake and Lot Smith. He recalls no comment about this but stated that his father said that he was to have been in charge of the four colonies. The position his ability of the captain to hold presided, the esteem Joseph town meeting, C. Allen, it City where in Joseph City during In early Utah for supplies was left in charge went to Pleasant in charge." organized ( 17 . to Uta h 1 eaving settlement writers In fact William each of these presiding officer three for a time colonists discouragement, returned returned to James E. Shelley December 24. to preside wb ile the 16 . for 7 ~eekso" Again in Septe~ber Lake valley H. Richards Colorado 5, 1878, start in charge Stake for Utah leaving in January and was sustained Bushman 1878 when J. W. Young as ?residing Elder or apart futtber as the beginning his elevation counselors 16 17 18 19 appointment. iJ. r:,.. of Jesse Richards 23 in the bisbopric. Sept. No Smith charge of this is cited by most 21 bisbopric, and was to last in the chose Wo Co "Allen Snowflake Stake and John Bushman May 7, 1877. 10, 1877o Bushman Journal, Lo John Nuttall 20~ H. Richards 12, 1879, Bishop John Bushman diary, Ibid, Erastus s·now "To take 1119 This appointment of the Joseph to counselor in 1887. January by Apostle left for a visit 18 0 S as t h e presi .d. ing o ff. icero n eptem- b er I John Bushman and Henry Mo Tanner J osep h H • R.ic h ar~s ..i until Presidency ( a New England John Bushman "was chosen Bushman was still 25, 1878 he was set as his more like in more Bishop. On April until or through Wo C. Allen and Joseph the Little but yearso or families, 1877 "W. C. Allen H. Richardso on where Lot Smith authority, 1876, when most of the original until depending to choose who was most influencial, the early Then in May, 1877, ca~tain to his James E. Shelley;,was August, tentative In Sunset, the Order was controlled is difficult as a fourth, charges. no challenge John Bushman or Joseph men as weli Acting of his he would have brooked democratic may have been a bit April letter 5, 1878. to Deseret NEWSSept. 26, 1878. R. E o Porter, long time ward clerk, states that Joseph H. came to his home and left a note with his wife in which he claimed been ordained a bishop by Erastus Snow on bis visit to Joseph City t·ember 25, 1878. However, Porter states that Joseph City seems to treated as a branch rather than a bishop's ward for several months visit of Erastus Snow. L •. John Nuttall who is official scribe for party used the term "To take charge of this settlement until further ment." 21 Encyclopedic ~istory under subject of Joseph City. 22 unflinching Courage, page 15 and 6760 Richards ,_ to have on Sephave been· after this the Snow appoint- I I I I I The term1 of office . ~~-'. Richards~ ~rLefo (Lot) Smith chose until July In his diary Wo C. Allen 1, 1879· that to be counselors as counselors Bushman says, and I for "Apostle to Pres. for Allen his Wilford Lot Smlth." and Bushman with I "March 1, 1879 Brother counselorso" Woodruff Smith's I Bp. set but W. _Allen former I is was not I and me apart counselors I had moved I I away. With the elevating Bp. R~chards chose The official date change December until N. Smith of Joseph in the City of Allen Joseph C. Hansen and Henry Mo Tanner is given 18, Snowflake as May 29, 1887, 18800 This At this Presidency. as bis bishop~ic when Bp. Richards Stake. and chose and Bushman to the Stake counselors. served became counselor I without to Jesse time John Bushman became Bishop the same counselors Joseph C. Hansen and Henry M. 23, when J. Tanner. This bishopric Hansen was called counselor remained into and Joseph 28, 1913, ,to return ( Westover Joseph Bushman was bishop nearly The organizing Brigham lives time of his and called for until bishops half together the principal death he held until office of that time. Colorado On January took his At that over 29, 1877, r71;,,~nr of a proposed visited ( 61 years. 7, 1939. John 1876 until the Arizona their • the , ,_ settlements recommendations stakeo "Captain" of the original company ia now a counselor to Bp. Richards. 'Ilhis seems to be no reflection upon the character or leadership ability of Allen, \ but rather that Richards ·was in the right place at the right time when Erasthe settlemeut" It may b2 of further interest to note \ .tus Snow visi~_d \\that not one ©f the original captains became the bishop of the colony he founded. ' Obed did not continue long enough to becom~a wardo George Lake, who was captain of the Obed settlement, moved to Ballfnger's, later Brigham City, and became its first b/2shop. Jesse O. Balljnger did not become bishop of Brigham City at the time the creation of the ward, but instead became the senior member of the High~Council. Lot Smith, captain of Sunset, became President of the Stake and Levi M. Sa~age became the 1st bishop. 24 . After the death of Brigham Young, John Wo Young was sustained (October 6, 1877) as a counselor to the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, which became the governing body of the church for the next three yearso It was in this capacity as "Counselor to the Twelve" that John Wo Young represented · · · Ar' izona. It appears that he Gas never ordained ~bQ ~eDeral Aµth9r1.t1.es 1.n i ( time Counselor Stake was an important event . 24 26, 1878, John·!.W. Young , son of most of the '!_ru;,ominent men to get officers Sept. place. November 19, to him fr~m October f!r;o c. was released 0 counselor August just 1913, was moved up to first Facer 30, 1916. held of the colonists. father's April of the Little Young, who was 1st H. M. Tanner counselor. which office three Feb. and John L. Westover served first in the became-2nd to Utah, became Bishop, City's until the High Council. Facer This Bishopric in office '.t?\ - The next president day the Little and Jacob Frihoff stake of .the stake admired War and was the dominant among the colonists more than color·ful which of Jacob fact stake visitor accounted of Lorenzo but a short in the Eastern the part is puzzling. Arizona for his admired consisting Andrew S. Gibbons (2) George B. Gardner (6) W. D. Kartchner (3) John Reidhead (7) (4) Ira (8) if he was a Latter-day Saints, and though to/Jesse he remained N. Smith (9) 25 Samuel G. Ladd 25 James N. Walker were organized Hiram Judd (10) Samuel Garn {11) W.F.O. Behrman (12) - Moses Curtis and J. Bloomfield and Addison as follows: Levi M. Savage bishop as counselors. Brigham Isaacson City, with George Lake as bishop, and J. Adams and Peter Joseph seems to have been designated John Bushman was named acting return. 26 Joseph bishop H. Richards or presiding and Isaac as a-branch Elder, Turley at to act were this until sustained time and Captain as his an apostle and he was not taken into the First Presidency when it was organized with John Taylor as President. A number of the diaries speak of John W. Young ais Counselor Young. 2JSamuel Go Ladd and James N. Walker were residents of Joseph City. This.volume contains a short biography of Samuel G. Ladd who was one of the most important men in the colony during the_· first year_s ;. 26 Tae tide fortune which made Richards bish~p instead of Allen is difficult to explaib. Richards seems to have been in Joseph City in Septembe~hen Erastus Snow visited the town and was "in charge" at the time. L. John Nuttal reported that:tha:t they "put up" at Brother Richards'. He seems to have made a good impression on Elder Snow and was in unquestioned authority · in Joseph City from then until he was called into the Snowflake Stake Presidency. \fo' I I I as counselors. St. Allen's by all - of: (5) Hicken reference stakes. Oo Ballinger Ward with is no other became counsel-or Jesse Wards and branches Colorado. selection. time he later Hatch in the Utah He was, ·of course, H. Hatch was a wise one, was chos~ was to be expected. is doubtful (1) Sunset and on the Little and it and greatly and Snowflake A High Council counselors, he played There at any of them. known person probably The choice Hamblin for of any of the colonies, and widely in the spirit an occasional Lot Smith·~as clerk. He was Wlidely known and greatly to him as a resident ( was formed with H. Hatch as his of Lot Smith as president The choice ( Stake Hamblin and Lorenzo G. Nielson, The choice Colorado I I I I counselors. The status for rest of the year Taylor was only the Kartchner This This a decade until would not was the first so many of the incor.porated into ·Allen and Bushman were sustained by Wilford Colorado Woodruff country Saints to return out City the year. in Arizona left the for about C. Allen area and was to endure that those for remaining In August a year when both left and John Bushman to replace as counselors 1, 1879. July to Joseph were Stake. as counselors and Lot Smith chose_William last organized the Snowflake Hamblin and Hatch acted to have applied 1878. settlement stake seems a few week~ old at most but was organized with John 27 Elder and Wm. J. Flake and Albert Minnerly as as presiding counselors. stake, of branch them. March 1, 1879, and were set 1884 Vfilliam to Utah to settle his C. Allen father's estate left the apart the Little and Thomas W. Brookbank was chosen as a replacement; counselor John Bushman was moved from second to first December 7, 1~84 and Brookbank became 2nd counselor. They were set aoart Decemh~--' .. __ -· .,- ...__ ...... -=- '-V..!nce held in Joseph City on March 14th. Bushman's did not know that that Bishop expired on December organizations sketch over and J. 27 not Richards 18, remained reigarding attempt organizations Morris this to Arizona in charge was "The Apostles from Utah.") of the dying of the various stake It until it 1887. to give and the p~iesthood of these statement John Bushman had come back appears (We will laconic the-history quorums is given of Joseph in Unflinching City. auxiliary A rather Courage ad~quate by Adele West- Richards.) some sources state that~Taylor was orga~ized as a wa~d with John Kartchner as bishopo This seems highly doubtful as there was probably not a building in the place at the time and the number of ~P.ople there was not numerous. Since some sources speak of Taylor as a bra~ch and Kartchner as the "Presiding Elder" we. prefer to take this sourceo See Church Chronology, January 27, 18780 28 John Bushman, Journal, March 1, 1879. ( SABBATH OBSERVANCE The settlers fanatics. were strict observers On the way to Arizona on Sunday unless traveling conditions together usually the there it was the made this might time was spent of the Sabbath custom repairs not from travel Where larger of informal in making minor though to refrain inadvisable. be some sort day, groups gathering, I were I I I I I I bµt or in reading and conver- sat ion. James S. Brown tells pioneers. After livestock the Priesthood after for meeting gical" where classes and caring for on Sunday most of the meeting in the afternoon, in either b¥SY day for years based was thought every before or one and parti~ of principally on age were held. added which gave instruction meeting incoming ward officers. in the early was the best-attended the Later to the adults. and frequently included for the the "Theolo- Sunday School more than 90% of the meetings, it -ward members. In the Sacrament custom1... to. call meeting, they were not notified but they were cautioned in advance particularly testimony 29 children meeting that to be prepared The women i~ere less Even the older than ·testimony on any of the members to address ily on occasion, other likely than at conference were not t-Jere encouragei the ti.mes for entirely to report ( to speak, but were the Relief irmnune to a call called Society. to speak and_ in to do so. see diary of James S. Brown for .April 1, 2, 4, 1876. of the Lord, page 479. 30 see St. Luke, 14:5, to explain the figure of speech. 31 Ordinar-. such a call. the men to be called, time was the congregationo. they were _to be asked at all I work such as repairing the men and boys squeezed and other graded class-was for held Sacrament This made a pretty bishopric Sunday School children, services with as milking Emergency 30 work. was in the forenoon, Sunday School. cularly three meetings such chores were permissible. seems to have been Sunday School with were formed were "ox in the mire" and flumes There C settlements and irrigating ditches time. of a number of these 29 Also Giant There was an evening meeting much like our M.I.A. at times, but at other times they were miscellaneous in nature, usually held one Sunday of the month. 31 The Sacrament and speaking meetings ability. were rather Children dull because did not attend of lack unless pushed of preparation by parents. Frequently it was difficult to find enough deacons in attendance to pass. 32 sacrament. At -a typical meeting three~ four speakers were call~d the the bishop, and this It was not by prominent was followed uncommon for church leaders by a few remarks from the bishop one of the members to read and educators, and printed by himself. sermons delivered in a church publica- tion. Little or no~attempt from a little fun on the was made by the elders Sabbath, and the parents du~ged in some form of entertainment. baseball game on Sunday afternoon. in the river, vided and skating there Fastday was observed Sunday as at present, mations, fast brought with on the forth church give and usually a picture first indulged little Thursday a special prayer at these in- in a was water remonstaance, pro- in the month instead work such was done on this and testimony of what occurred frequently attendance. as baptisms, day. meeting of confir- ·The custom was held •. · At this was to meeting nearly everyone "bore his was given. Typical diary accounts. Hax:nqmmrsqsavHYaaxa~atK.k::mlMt)'.\bt&A&\:k:;,... testimonfl_j themselves children Swimming in summer when there of children noon when a fast their occasionally Much of the ordinance and blessing until Adults in winter was no interference to keep Thursday fast I meetings: I "Fasted and attended meeting and spoke. Brother Richards offered the prayer, for Celia Owens, for the Youth of Zion, and that the frosts and winds be stayed & c. At 2 p.m. attended the Relief Society meeting when most all the Sisters spoke. I spoke also."33 "Fasted and attended Fast Meeting. Several spoke. H. M. Tanner offered the prayer for Sister E. X. East, Oakley Savage, & Celia Owens; also that the spirit of lying and back biting be stopped."34 Henry Mo Tanner without the breakfast £ irs t Sunday "The First month, ( his there that which probably of Presidency fore said the month 32Tb. is writer . fast was complaining brought about the all fast day to the day 1135 remem b ers atten brothers were the only children 33John Bushman, diary Jan. 2, 34 Ibid, Feb. 2, 1896. 35 Ibid, DecQ 6, 18960 about change John Bushm·an re coeds o has changed we all there first the going of fast to work day to ch.:i.rige: Sabbath mn each 0 d ing meeting presento 1896. when he and perhaps one of I I I I I I I .,. Special prayers, Sunday services directed as mentioned as well as the Thursday to ~he healing d~ms, and anything and felt of the sick the Saints they had a right felt to call There was another kind family in their wagon to the field, crop.s, that 1136 fanily This c. intimate others L. Christensen, description early were theists not common in~ in the land droughts, was neededo the Lord to bless themselves of Joseph frosts, to he (John Bushman) asked of They were usually These Saints prayer seems to have been a yearly and probably (~ sustain were a part pertained was neededo "May 31, 1885, could meetings. but often of special societyo to live. fast entries, on God for help when it self-sutficient they in the diary ou.Y- modern I took al1J1is their land and I to whichJ: hey were called practice with I I the Bushman I City. settler of Sunset of a group dedication and Tuba City, gives I an of the land: "We met in meeting as usual, Bishop announ·ced that we it to~the lord. desired to go upon our grounds and dedicate B.9 quorums of three, we went upon the tithing lot and offered prayero We formed in a circle, the women on the inside, the men on the outside, hold of hands. Bishop, mouth, prayed in the interest of all Israel, after which we went by three on our grounds and each offered praye~ turn. Thus wei spent a day .. of joy in the name of the Lord. 3 fn BAPTISM Baptisms all kinds of weather. on the same day, early period /' \'? of Indian the Lamanites. in the river there were several and they were confirmed there were occasional missionary 38 or canal, or in farm ponds eight-year-olds the following fast ware many re-baptisms adult work there baptisms Ward teaching each month, visit was carried at trying _Teachers stayed after 36 with day. into I In the I I the United During baptismal the services the teachers' a few assigned on much the same as home teaching to nisit long2r a man and a boy visiting at 100% of the families, and seldom the howa and it was more the message had been given. 39 today, families with to remain the saim and John Bushman 36urnalo 37christian Lingo Christensen, Journal, typed copy in BYU library, page 46-470 ~iThe McLaws Journal tells of a number of these baptismso This writer remembers a couple of incidents in ward teaching around 1913-14 He and a senior companion were visiting the home ~f Jesse and Elva Bushman at their homestead west of Joseph Cityo {While the companion was giving the lessob., Jesse jumped to his feet and said, "Hold it a minute•" He went to the enclosed fornt porch and grabbed his loaded rifle and peerinr 0 I I I I succeeding. custom I I baptised of "gentiles." were occasional in WARDTEACHING effort ( Usually days of the settlements Order and there for were performed I BISHOP'S ANNUALVISIT Another bishopric. three important Before feature person In later to join visit.ed years called each the annual to make it family they visit a short invited the ward so that 40 of the familieso on one-third of the impracticable, and held members of the bishopric each of the~nd the bishopric uas the ward grew too numerous members of the bishopric in the home. of visiting divided · all meeting some well liked one member of I I I I STAKE QUARTERLYCONFERENCE Stake methods conferences of travel permitted all large tell conference City numbers and stayed man diaries the were alternated in affairs, ove~night of\edople !) with .. of entertaining was at Joseph conferences wards to attend at least attended their with of the friends. once This I I I I I in a while. from other :t_Both the McLaws and Bushand thirty )_Autumn was usually the ripening slow of .the stake. the conferences beOiieen twenty City. to coincide and because the various to have the opportunity Surprisingly towns, were important extra chosen folks for when the I of watermelons. Joseph WARDCONFERENCES affair The annual Ward Conference though comparable not from the other settlements ities would be there, bring members of their in each to a Stake settlement, was also Conference, since would be in attendance. with new and fresh:.·.things families with a special few if any friends A number of stake to talk whom one could about. visit I I author- They would and exchange I bits I I I of news and gossip. GENERALAUTHORITIES The visits Stake confernnces the people. brought These greatly Teasdale, others are mentioned beloved Authorities were highlights and".:~highly revered faithful of the Church at in the lives of religious whenever which was.--.:,,surprisi-ngly--f.i;eque:nti--y~o ~) Woodruff, George occasions and good chee.r to the settlements, Wilford Lake of General and on other encouragement the Arizona (( from Salt Francis Erastus Snow, Brigham Yo~;i-·ir·~~---Hever M. Lyman, John W. Young, in the diaries and miuut~s leaders they visited DFk.Tl,. J. Grant, John Henry Smith, of the settlerso and' Several around the end of the house, his rifle rang out and a coyote fell dead about 75 yards away. He went and picked up the coyote, dragged it to the house and returned to the meeting. On the other occasion the same pair of teachers made a datetn visit the S. M. Porter family a mile and a half west of town. Something prevented the visit and this writer learned later that the Porter family had made a ·freezer of ice cream and a cake and were disappointed that the teachers did not appear. 40 Lacking a better maans of transportation this writer remembers his ~~~hor Henry M. Tanner riding his saddle horse to town to meet with the bishc I I I I I I I I church I / leaders either the "Jmderground" Wilford passed during or spent some time in Arizona, on the polygamy persecutions. Woodruff name of Lewis Allen. through, spent most of a year During this period, there, 1879-80, "he was a frequent and was very agreeable with made known that a "General would be in attendance in one of .tha communities, there was sure all the visitor 41 the settlements Aiuthority" under the people." at all If it were at a meeting to be an overflow audienceo involved is surprising I I I I GENERAL.CONFERENCE Considering distances add difficulties Eeneral After the element but the coming of the railroad, the cash outlay relatives, this was. the~General To these was not:.:too came when they returned Conference pioneers great and were called this as to ~rite a half The payment and uses the Mormon church, ;;,.:still Lake City. home-sick so important, for Utah and An additional upon to report I I I I recompense their Utah trip and oc.casion for they had attended. 1 event in·Salt of time was not a sacrifice. The dedication of the Salt : :~,!f a more th~n usua~ exo'dus to Utah. C Conferences the number of p~ople who attended it Lake Temple in 1893 was the John Bushman took as much space year of regular of tithing, happenings in Arizona. which have always have some interesting sidelights in to report tre been important Little I in I I Colorado I colonization. I Payment in kind was customary A farmer took butter he might raise, appraised for perishable canteloupes, of thi~on-cash items to the needy, might eggs, beans was a real to came. hay or whateveri a receipt try. to sell for the the produce approved of the bishop. or summer vegetables problem. like I I I / or school. was one of the problems John Bushman·and counselor Joseph C. Hansen. 41 John Bushman Journal, July 29, 1879. ( some years or to some work project of a temple such as butter, and string chickens, and received The bishop such as the building The care handle it pigs, storehouse of the product. cash or he might give by the church toes, and eggs,vegetables, to the bishop's val~e at the time and for I How· toma An ingenious use of the church tithing is illus~rated by one of the 42 Arizona settlers w~a donated a milch cow in Salt Lake and feceived a slip I entitling him to a cow in Toquervilte, her three hundred miles. This type of exchange of road weary oxen and horses for The ·church maintained as at the bishop's storehouses Jo~ns, and a like from Joseph destitute, better Orderville, dur4tg in or Kanab. in Snowflake I I I and St. foodstuffs were furnished to offer office them. I I as I I David K. I I the SlJt.(tller of 1880 (they) I I I ancirlilade Johns with barley which they ground in coffee-mills 43 44 F. G. Nielson indicates that most of the tithing bread. ,, Colorado and St. a specified to take In both~ cases claims delivery of all stakes. When this Johns people to advise the purchases and sold proved stock 44 could 45 46 Johns, of JMd Udall Johns. in kind instructions the Presiding G. Nielson Ko Udall K. Udall, such items diary, in bis diary, Feb. k"in. d 46 order Bisho~'s I i'f Office to eliminate the Arizona Pioneer, page 199. May 10, 18800 page 81-82. as weaner pigs in Henry M. 1, 1876. autobiography, were taken to the bisho~for I I I I I and Eastern a tithing to cash was gradual. · in I I for the land~ fro~ I in Snow- was instructed Colorado be received to pay in cash wp.erever possible, F. G. Nielson n. ta....,_1 to the Mormon settlers insufficient, have acquired 1/f,.. from paynents the Saints oavid and St. I I were made from squatters in the Little . 1ve d in . h an dl' lllg tit· h'ing an d wor k invo 43 the purchase In the case of St. the tithing of receiving 4 ¾-rihaff to Snowflake cattle at Pipe Springs. These he drove to St. Johns 45 Without this aid in tithing stock it is doubtful the dead of winter. told was for to the land ny.mber of cattle. The change furnished use of .tithing Johns. 450 head of tithing the St. Stake was being special unpatented _Arizona ( the tithing St. who held waste at up in Nephi, City and Sunset says "Having nothing Another Tanner could be deposited as well be made. such tithing of the Little ~ could and the people ~nto coarse (c of Utah Territory hard furnished flake ones. where exchanges were nearly of driving was common, as was the trading ~n many parts load picked him the bother In 1880, when times were particularly could be spared Udall fresh herds A ton of hay or grain Cache Valley, thXs saving tithing. I f- I I FAST OFFERING During in kind. this same period The Joseph Porter's tables, often to Tanne;s eggs, sugar, were received three miles on the easto went on hor.seback but'ter, offerings City ward was hbout on the 9est offerings fast and dispensed in length running Deacons who gathered and c.ame back with flour, and a sampl.ing of a score from fast molasse.s, of ohher vege- items. ADMINISTRATION TO THE SICK 1 those '~[n days there sick they called over them, and the sick The extent over but and the people's ordinance was used may surprise to administer 3 times we administered of all therntreaties faith (to him). to Brother been administered When-anyone was them with holy were healed, Wes-tover had already in spite in the country. and they annointed me at 1 o'clock In the evening Brother the Elders, to which this called were no doctors oil and prayed some •. ''Bro. He suffers Westover 1147 was increased. West- very much ••• before midnight." 48 I to more than a ·dozen times, of believing brethren and sisters, I I I I he.passed I away November 6, 1877. The consecration a conspicuous feature or more bottles of oil of oil to be used. in the annointing of the Fast of all meetings. sizes members as they came to meeting, From two or three and shapes and placed required a corkscrew their some doing bottles the caseo and took them home for was by the church opened, After their especially the service individual ceremony if no one_ had the owners I I I I I Funerals already pair were doubly who cared, decimated among all sad in those and everyone population produced did. first years. There was the sadnes'·s The reduction a feeling of numbers of loneliness in an and near des- the population. When Lycurg~s 47 ~~~}di~#±~ 9, 1879. 48 ( I I I I I use in administering FUNERALS Westover John Btushman diary, died, a messenger John Nov. 5, 1877. was sent Bushman to Sunset Journal, 25 miles March I I I claimed to the sick. among those I to a dozen for the consecration to get them all as was frequently would brought sick in view on the stana. It \vas the custom to open the bottles and it of the ' away to notify Lot Smith, caxne to Joseph City Funerals several evidence Boother "Sist~r" to render COL~fort. were usually whom spok~ for as further who in company ,~ith George Lake and "Bro" Jackson quite minutes. long, with The entire or five speakers communtiy attended of the community spirit Westover four each of the funerals and the universal good will. was placed in the lonely cemetery near the graves of 49 was engraved George Flake and a !i9iµe-made headstone Gray and infant with an epitaph. PLACES OF WORSHIP Joseph City's Upper Camp three during civil, No further place or more miles 1876 and until "The southwest tical, first an all corner east purpose also facilities for (( th e construe such schools construction . .-.- of· \fin~ ample .in size February old, Fort. assembly, doors, 1150 eccles- 13, 1887, when were chosen b ui· 1d.l.Ilg •.1151 the next in cash to purchase a committee day and one week later windows, and nails. The hauled The building at the time. the and Nathan T. Porter . o f an a 11 purpose t ion was of planks at as were conducted. until at the This was used was used for public The work was begun on the building $49.60 was collected town. room was finished were provided "John~--.B~ahman~Henry M. Tanner, t o oversee was a bower constructed of the present room (of the fort) and social; church of worship sometime earlier from the old saw mill fr measured 22 X 33 outside, and was considered After several 52 . d an d covere d an d pal.Ute · d •. was 1 me years of use in the rough state, it "The building occupied a quarter block, including playgrounds, and was located in the notth-east portion of the block with the J.C. Hansen home· lot directly south, and John Bushman occupied the half block to the west and southwest. The lot seems to have been occupied:.in pre-historic t:i.mes by Indians, as indicated by slightly rounded elevation, and as further proof parched corn was found in the ruins when digging for a flag pole a short distance to the northeast of the building~ 1153 I This bu3ldL.-ig a:!i'acivic and all decades. The long dining 49 I ( t.;as the gathering other public table functions place religious, for of Joseph from the fort, City saaed educational, for nearly two in two, was installed George Flake was the infant son of Brother and Sister William J. Flake. He died in 1878 at old Taylor just before the breakup of that shortlived town, and was buried at Joseph City. Clara Gray died July 17, 1877, and is usually listed as the first deafu in the co}onyo Francis Ao Hammond of the Lake colony died April 27, 1876, and was bu~ied April 28. I in this I build~g Curtains and became the desks were drawn across the room on Sunday to divide it school work. and give acer- ~ain amount of privacy for individual classes. Nearby homes, such as· those JL1.1-1.~, n5 of ~esn· and Busbmans, were also used for classes, as the building became too small to accommodate.all After.the it was given that erection organization of a new building Society, for meetings, the Irrigation quiltings, Society and the old "Relief March 10, 1903, a committee Hall" The committee pentry and church work; and Jos. of brick Some delays bricks City, were encounteEad were burned Nearly and ready all interior into private and school bands and Joseph C. ·the constructio"rtof a larger as follows: John McLaws to have charge of erection John of ·ca-p- because/~~ins 27, that by August including Bricki in ~aking bricks for his /10 lcCt to and burn the bricks. during the sun:nner, but .. 180,000 year. manufacturing masons were hired of the bricks; from other were up and most- of the roof finishing I of the walls. had experience Henry W. Despain 1904, the walls was sometime before to oversee making; people. 54 the responsibility of the construction was done by local church . h e sta k e. 55 warsd int By March, passed it meetingso the newer church C. Hansen to have charge engaged Occasionally building. John Bushman, who 1:a:l already home in Joseph was used by compcitsed of John-Bushman, met and divided Bushman to· have charge of the old one, miscellaneous dwelling. and John McLaws, was appointed and more moder~ school and bazaars. moved into Sociej:y east and for many years was removed to make room for a private Hansen, two blocks company and other In 1941 the Relief building groups. to the ward Relief was used for (( in their for sttudents was completed on, but so the building LDS it could be used. 56 51 52 53 54 ( 55 R. E. Porter, unpublished manuscripto tbid. Ibido Ibid. Ibid. John Bushman says that November 10, 1903, they commenced to lay the brick. "Niels Hansen took the contract and hired three more masons." He alee states that the p~ople are more united than ever before. Bushman Journal for above dat~. 1 I I ,. Dedication did not take place money was raised to free Dedication ward conference Though ·a bit for century from debt. were held in connection services anticlimactic of devoted was $5,362.20. tioned that factured Its the bricks near Northern Arizona. themselves. The building serv~d enough nor versatile residents, there are some things great monument built 0, patience and perseverance, 56 truly about as durable years. ~use is™ by the original To those of the best durable" jobs buildings I were manubuildings it to increase was neither demands of Joseph to meet those I ·in I 1156 I I I I large I City I Though I replace, I I I was the of 1876 and bequeath hopes and aspirations, which went into .in·Northern I its needs. That building hardy pioneers and sacrifice I I as the p~oneers replace. who knew.the the toil of the I He men- as much as the old one it will the new one can never descendfnts. this times I Schools ·and Mutual meetings. has now been erected a hundred to their ing, ( nearly Mormon the cost to be one of the best enough to meet the present a new building it may cost sixty of a by 44 feet. with a number of remodeling the community for day John Bushman, was red and very to Sabbath very durable, a third He said ~~ere 64 feet is said • .Well suit.ed was a great a happy and prosperous of the construction. "It Samuel F. Smith. this the proud bishop, dimentions the building. President City land. which were "pinkis.h The bricks~ last prayer, upon to give an account building size desert when sufficient the Joseph who had struggled a dream of building the dedicatory with of the long delay, religionists conµnun!ty in a most difficult called over by Stake because to make corae true After March 28, 1909, the structure and were presided the handful until the that I I I · build- I Arizona. I I I Bushman Journal, March 28, 1909. I I ;o / \ :J CHAPTER,l-l( Their l::__is doubtful appears t'hat 1876-1877, jf ! if there City attempted were only and if they With the number of the former settlers of school held instruction return and the addition during the winter I It first I winter, I in their was likely I in 1877 of a colony I of a few new ones, there of 1877-78. Tanner, in the summer of 1877, said Eliza I at the following for a short winter. Ennna Willie, sister of Mary Willie Richards, taught . /before returning Utah E.in Slie Maich. tDne. SamueL G. Laau, taJames Ley, and Peter Skousen are to have Schools conducted males done some teaching the direction and cipher be given were along unable the thought When spring Teaching United with would then to obtain larly and for in February there colony. other activities, During were the winter one of the able Men who could months bodied read, write, the young. that all to build over school able-bodied the men would be dam and plant to the more capable the crops. women or to some man work. many years short Joseph on the Little accurate was largely to teach boys, be turned events cult larger she taught Order. assignment. qualified the R. E. Porter, of pioneering teaching all activity, came it was likely to do hard period of the like was a minimum of agricultural might needed, in the ·infant in the Mormon settlements, under when there fort year. age the it to the first who arrived reported the ··-· the of school school 1 I any school two children received own homes by the parents. was some kind (-. Joseph Schools data terms" City Ward Clerk, Colorado, complained on the early he wrote, traditional. 1877 and Porter but Phoebe schools. who wrote that seemed to think ta~ght this it was diffi~ "They were held any information McNeil extensively about a small was the irregu- first in Obed Mormon school in Arizona. When the Mormon settlers still in swaddling "father of Arizona Territory of schools, under in 1876, the schools of Arizona .(1869-1877), clothes. Governor Anson P. K. Safford schools," was just getting the public schools were enough children to warrant way. While the Territorial to the eduaational arrived needo there Legislature It took and the citizens the governor were · of .the a ntm1ber had to be awakened most of his eight years I / I the early school I in office to convince the people of Arizona that the children must receive an education. Governor Safford and county responsibility. ty, were only (there County School felt each four counties Superintendent, education that and since teachers' have at least should Judge should the governor also a state in each serve appointed Each judge coun- as the ·the judges, was to be aided qualifications. one school, be both the Probate originally), of the schools. to appraise county public He proposed would have some control of Examiners that It--would by a Board be required which would be financed he that by proparty taxes. The Mormon colonists Territory 1878, have the Joseph it asking C including signed for school City of ~avapai ly nothing came of it. At a meeting to school" of a school county S. G. Ladd to prepare of trustees was appointed. was approved, 1, 1880, for Our records Aleck Walbeck about on February teaching April that took 5, directed to find Stinson Stinson was judge Colorado them to send their moment was Snowflake. Isaac Order trustees again to Judge Turley, on what date the Apparent- from Judge in the Little the United do not reveal 21, 1880, to Prescott. was read transmission United Order minutes. Original ar:1d one by th3 author. Copy of petition ·( held up a petition, in the meeting. Ho Richards, school was sent a letter which at composed of J. but 1879, from him probably a petition laws of the and forward it to the Probate Judge 1 district. At this date Joseph City of Apache which on January the Order meeting and the petition seat with S. G. Ladd to write and was discussed to the new county 1 citizens, and the letter Accordingly, board appointed County acquainted In a United on March 24, in the newly created petition Order formation was a part settlements, laws. by the local the "pertaining made themselves out on what at .BYUe Copies in 11Unflinchin.g Stinson, and a and S. Go Ladd a School were directed District instructed terms to "see he would in several Courage", teach." libraries t'' page ...·.-.,.J • This suggests that the petition had been approved liJd~}Te~ittofr~ipr6v1~iari: Acquaintance creased available in the fall assigned than with I was placed good, but closed in charge but Levi M. Savage, there January may be seen of the few children few here of the early of the United the prospects pioneers who went 30, 1877, Ordero from his here; and the encouragements only has in- to Sunset having been That he was less journal entry: ab.out twelve to a teacher are "Today attending. anything but - I must do the best I can." The tenn of school was short as it was 2 March 18th. The next year the nmnber of pupils had increased due to of some of the were fifty pupils to do the If and he had forty and as Levi was needed their the mistrust school for manual they felt work, W. Smith, E. E. Bunch, County that and frustration trustee By 1880 there his wife for Nora was was the begin~ served school to inquire their District to increase neighbors. Snowflake to teach a School This which outside Superintendent, T. W. Brookbank having were mistaken. the Mormons and their In 1885 Joseph to hire problems, of turmoil between be permitted pupils. teaching. of a long period to Judge settlers the membeEs of the community would solve ning somewhat. commenced a class the return asked journals job by the officers thrilled are additional knowledge of 1876, that There with and Walback was to teach district, whether schoolso they ~rote would The reply was as follows: Springerville, Dec. 27, 1885. Mr. Joseph D•:ar Sir: Arizona, W. Smith Esq. Yours of the 21st inst. just received and I can only state in reply that I cannot say what action the Board of Examiners will take in reference to Mr. Brookbank teaching in Snowflake. Simply from the fact of the· strong determination of your place (togather with other districts) to maintain (in direct opposition of the law) sectarian schools, the_County Board of Educatior are no l2ss determined to prevent the use of public money for such purposeso .I will bring the matter be£ore the "Board" as soon as possible, and let y0u know what action was taken by them. Very truly, E. E. Bunch CQ. Supt. of Public Apache' Co., Ariz.3 ( 2 1evi M. Savage 3Published journal, Journal mimeograph of Joseph Schools, BYU Jan 30, West Smith. 1877. The Snowflake school would be--it trustees was a foregone In bitterness misinformed it They learned Smith adds as 1879 Sunset that $489.08 were un_able to get are ;s Details C'S acqqa-inted pointing where but C the money "because concerning with the politics them, contrived to keep all there give the the answer he was entirely public rights, their wrote county in 1880 and suggested generous trustees, are funds. find in 1879, the But in St. ability trouble ''Ring" as Johns for nearly a to do the Saints every loose the request "enemies" Wil- to stand office somewhere E. E. Bunch who had rejected twenty-four hann. the brethren they~hadslost was "a screw and Springerville, would reflect among the neighbors. hands fight was listed pin- moved to St. Johns that the political --7 who to the conflict. enemies there complied people gentile seat reprovingly that little power in their less strictly but funds. but_ they the political county space school school, lacking, and encouraged that its their the onntest 5 Superintendent for time will political were many more with who watched obtaining the Mormons and their twenty-four It was inevitable in the in that on the of the schools. Snow- of the S:1,.ints by Fish. There are usually part furnished knit Mormons insisted children. fuel 4 5 a·is could t ory Letters of two sides which f'.e/ :E astern that eagerly a teacher to insure charge to a question, the gentiles on having They wanted the gentiles ( of the between up for Joseph him that the law had not been managed to get called Woodruff, flake trouble the_tnon-compliance Mormon journals 4 Joseph Fish lists School was having Fish election." "I wrote to misappropriate of Apache County adds ford note: With the creation they decade. this had been appropriated the disagreement Joseph what to say we got none." As early ,- to learn conclusion. as to our ~'determination" is· ,rteedless with •." did not need to wait Arizona . to Lot Smith dated poured of their against this and the Mormons tor 'their the "leaven was sectarianism~ S ta k e, Dec. Aut h ors ' 14, 1880. on the faith fire. The close to instruct their of the Pharisees;" Mormons also type d copy, U. of Arizona and had a page 38 • Collection. practice This ( of ho_lding was usually "Religio~ done in the and most likely by the the encounters. culty obtaining with his before flying Judge were pass and, Johns. of many of if rough to Joseph larger they bad no diffi- to teach. tersely he received--84 they from Snowflake John Bushman to teach. City %; take taught and other They the exams Tanner, in Creek tells of at Holbrook of accomplishment Julia to school Silver R. E. Porter of the examinations 6/10 journal citizens failed . 10 returned home. from Joseph some'.kind the local The knowledgeable considered failed in his in Arizona, from the as a result This must have been City but were required-to people numbers certificate the grade of teachers and chagrined, generation City in Joseph He wrote 9 Petitions disappointed towns went •" to teach, to .-pass. town. · Still . even records of school. church, encountered from Utah to come to Arizona permission tbeir~J.home in 1901. but the ground the going a number of years of a shortage A ntnnber of second a 2nd grade for nieces given_temporary getting found t h e ri · d ge d examination · · in Novemb.er and failed e.· to be the battle Superintendent, E. E. Bunch at St. two of his sway the judge the close which was also 6 proved or at F. G. Nielson was examined by S. G. Ladd in 1878 7 colors. Levi M. Savage also found no difficulty in 8 from Jesse N. Smith in 1880. But in 1883 John teaching . Itl 1896·;.nbecause encouraged building, teacher. School before friendly. certificate "I cou ld not either Mormon teachers an unfriendly McLaws who had been test school Would-be if he were and passed school 0£ teachers Certification to go before Class" as be he states, receive, 85 2/10 %. ( 6Without the actual s·chool correspondence it is not possible to know if the enemies of the settlers made concrete charges of overt acts. 11.'his would be of scant importance, however, since the "Ring" would have invented its cahrges had they found no real ones. 1 \· The charges of sectarianism with tegards their schools:1.bas re,;nained with the Mormons throughout the years. The writer heard the State Superintendent of Public Instruction in Idaho complain that a number of school districts which were largely Mormon indicated a strong preferance for LDS teachers. She felt this was not in accord with the constitution which requires separation of church and stateo The seminary system of the church is a perennial source of attack, the opponents charging that the church receives b~mefics from public moneys in bussing the students to the place of instruc..: tion. 7niaries of F. G. Neilson, on Microfilm in many librarieso 8oiary of Levi M. Savage. Mimeographed. 9~ Typed copy of McLaws Journal, Dec. 3, 1883. Copy at BYU and in hands of the author. We don't know if he meant to write rigged or rigid! , . It is doubtful that all of the failures to pass the teachers examinations could be laid at the feet of the County Superintendent, although there is evidence that jmme of~ did. The author heard his father, Henry M. Tanner / //l , t:r,· .. I I I I I I As one reviews City hired bably mainly the names of the teachers Latter-day due to the fact were certi .f. 1cate d • ll Saints. that chart. nine years is evident possible in Joseph was a non-Mormon. to find While she did not affiliate bers·favorably the teacher Hattie was an excellent City, had the job for life. is pro- Monnons who religiously, It L. Hoff_man Bailey, teacher on any rating she did her job has been said that who made him work the hardest. <:.:n,~- h oug h twas ~y\t Mrs.· Bai· 1ey wh omi(i so well a student remem- This was true of . 1e d eman d 1ng . . h er sc h oo 1 require. a 1 itt in 12 but whose image grows brighter with the years. The school of $7T/·.50. September year His excellent 1893-94, Joseph City hired Joseph W. Smith for C-ive-s journal-~ some interesting data. School 23 and ended March 16th; It was a one-room ten more. present Joseph · she could·have ments, that That they made any excaption it was not always · One of the good teachers who taught it school and he started This was the year at the dedication he paid $10 a month for board out with of the completion and sent in an article 41 pupils to the Deseret speak of the difficult Arizona tests and mentio~ed the Territory especially, had difficulty when they teach. started and room. but picked of the permanent a salary d~ up and he was News. the fact~at people outsidf came into Arizona to lOJohn Biushman Journal, Dec. 7, 1896. 11 Those not of the faith included some of the best as well as the worst. The author remembers two non-Mormon.,teachers in the first decade of the century who were so unsuited to teaching he wonders how they were secured. Joseph City must have been the last school on the line! 12 The author will cast his vote for this fine teacher as the one who influenced him most in the public schools. After the passing of more than half a century he still remembers his multiplication tables and the capitals of all the states. (( He was so highly him a friendly surprise. some of my old pieces. strations F. G. N:ielson, not Daniel Judd for It light.of all This the violation the grades), settlers which was perhaps C. the front to grade, utes, Recitation there might were enough pupils The highlight some approved Boy. ~.There were audible l 3Joseph ( Bushman, and Joseph to manage eight West Smith Journal, after the rest times ,. he "punished 114 1 • as did City I in managed to be students great yet I in I as most of of school age. H. Richards, I three of school grades. another remained perhaps age, Pupils was called with fifteen their to lesson to twenty min- a day •. and mid-afternoon which lasted twenty and confusion. in the grade to make it interesting, the match. Beauty, protests I ll predec~or him. of ten children were short, spelling Black n~ population. of the instructional book like that happened were n?t at mid-morning have an oral his Joseph families and was welcomed with much noise If teacher there 1897, ,/1a. I . in one room. while periods was a recess until and one grade and would come two or three There minutes (if one teacher of the room to recite, preparation. because took place of the school according were seated in Sunset had a total for any demont~~- the number would not have been ~ook ingenuity I spoke received as much learning the grades, families, half I ever out and gave one. by whipping C. Allen_,John men with enjoyable of school were young men and their of the older f:t~e turned cormnents a month later that years In 1879 William It the school and they were all In the earliest the 13 For two decades, all people must have been difficult of the rules the conditions, for school students," is to be wondered one teacher first in my labors." in a one-room control the whole was a very is the who took over "could that "The affair of appreciation Discipline with regarded period was the Tom the Boot Black, when the teacher March 15, left daily reading as or Dan the News off reading and 1894. ll~'nte author remembers a whipping incident in Joseph City around 1910 or 1911 when the teacher, a slight girl of perhaps 110 pounds, invited two of the boys of the daiss to remain as witnesses while she punished one of their class mates. The punishment was amply administered to a boy larger than he~self and many of us wondered if the witnesses were .there to satisfy a school requirement o~ to protect the teacher. I I I I students were required the last hour before which gave the pared by the parents· is .-much evidence the three It to 1884, is were held fortu~~te has pupils that about scores information: report spent paper to call no note of pessimism if that employed have been teaching the by the Order, ~-J • f ' • ., and attended ( the school. his he chored 17\ Snowflake I impor- I from 1880 I 150 readers~ 38 days, the his slates a few days entire the school there is teacher. received school an~ be1Lth'82.- and popular he would have year. and pencils, to finish he was an effective a such as Christwith for From start· worked days making together mentioned Order some additional and holidays account He also United I no salary district would it to the Order. That 16 sheep and if money came from the In 1883 he was receiving $210 a year. gave shows he taµght he gave of July, in from recess. and apparently I or to shows 22 male sheared The 52 Sundays grade I entirely. 1881, same year school. $30 a month he told There lSF .._. G.• Nie · 1 son d.1.ar1.es, . 16 · John McLaws, for his of an Indian is no other school information Mare h 8 , 1879 o work--rougbly boy ~ho bearded Microfilm about I and I 1115 At work, which year was easy, 7 days; school. of the diaries · · work 27~ days, first pupils make up missed school to F. G. Nielson hhe pupils. I thgJa~y. at period c..f'~~~ fA was the in importance larger res~of th~calendar to conferences for the for Marcp 12, for faro the pupils the active it like school. and 24th be ordered ordered During the for long the as the wrote and the Fourth McLaws mentioned the because Joh~ McLaws, who taught and on the ditch in traveling school students about He did carpentry Thanksgiving, were pre- ;occasions '- secondary boy who had missed made out of 298 days accounted mas, to help His report who felt on the dam 58 days, on spedail and harvesting. teach schools. is surprisingly For those were some teachers the and 12 female. which was arranged Programs a success planting, will of entries His quarterly total schools from teaching Rs to some older information days, that Amy Porter cft.sses usually them. to work. night of program to participateo They were always "I was released · were needed Once a week, to the community w.ork such as dam building, comments, tant and presented lessons. some sort an opportunity who patronized pressing give students to their on Friday, or Christmaso There times closing school Thanksgiving to return \~ith Ind~~s him in in many libra~ies. The first school The substantial was housed furniture the room with plank consisted benches for With the discontinuance to.wnsite brought room in the old fort. running the length of seats. to co~truct Order another 1887; the building This was done in February purpose of a long table of the United it became desirable be~ (slabs) in the all frmm Millville, 11 and the move to the all purpose" was constructed the old site of the building. ltnn- of scrap sawmill near Mormon La:ke. The construction nails, hinges, etc., of the building were paid seems to have been the entire Outside at . measurements 17 the time. This building until for The cost classrooms of this a school building, the first purposes at Joseph Ci_ty. approved the bond issue sunnner of 1916. for all opportunities that large public for I enough I I meetings I the new most of the work was done by home a chapel, and daughters constructed stage, to raise I and two for modern are who wished in the improvementf school to provide at I I I education Snowflake to advance I I in beyond I the levelo City made full·use there. :R.. Eo Porter and until seminaries, graduates of the opportunity Porter, mentioned did away with each autumn witnessed John Bushman, diary for many of its s, in 1900;· A who attended and Thomas and Julia Church policy to Snowflake five and sent Tanner. This was bu the academies and subst the movement of a large the winter. Jan~ary-February 1887. I I plant.; held. Academy was opened those who voted, an~other of the Mormon Church a Stake schooling school school was ~ompleted an adequate, high for electors and the building up through money to construe exclusively of twenty-three now enjoys members, Bushman; Rulon and Ethel a beginning, was held time a number of additions the policy secondary grammar school Joseph with its building Twenty-two ~he grades for 1889 to give 17 n~ other Bricks which contained of $10,000, Since In keeping ( and was considered cbl!/ufh, and all a bond elebtion have been made and the city 8th grade I I I I which amount was $5,362.20. 1914, tuted of $49.60 was finished. nearby, building, !n November, Classes school, building days and locks, of the building. were 23 X 33 feet were made· and burned labor. C. money cost served working for by subscriptions 1906 when the new brick building took eight I I share. of With the close ( ta~ 1~payers ~J To help of Snowflake to minimize direct:ion taxable of the academy, the Santa In an endeavor at Snowflake, in an att'empt almo'st hundred Snowflake Holbrook to persuade percent . w.as well satisfied taxes Joseph countered proposition with on the secondary schoolso men looked., in the were relatively City voters church like low due to s~ · children to >support p~ople their a union canvassed the town young people to an Snowflake. w·ith the ai'{ument their o·fibeing s leading of .sending Mormon co~unity for a high ...school at home, instead was placed Fe Railroad. to show the advantages Snowflake's I many of the prominent Those opposed live burden, of J~~~8-\, City where school I burden as they would have to provide this property~as school a heavier that if they _united with could _ride back and forth·, and away from home much of the year. was soundly the high school beaten a~d Jos$ph 18 in Holbrook. City for years 18 ~tudents from Joseph City have made good whether in the high school at Holbrook o~ in universities to which they have gone. The qualities of the pioneers of 1876 have rubbed off on succeeding generations and bid fair to continue for some time to coma. It may also be observed that their loyalties to the state of their adoption have increased and more of the Mormon young people seek higher education in Arizona, whereas formerly the inclination was to go to Utah, home. of forebears and symbol of Mormon leader-· ship. ( I I I I !/ lb CHAPTER~ .What recreation provide for During settlements The Mormon leadership with the first and this Daniel a complete the outside year there H. McAllister, life. left for Daniel tells of going tell letters. and this pipneers from J into account year in planning old unmarried little recreation. man who leaves to say about attempts had enough work t~ do so there to Sunset, a distance what book it was. at was little of 25 miles, He mentions The moments of receiving and Daniel had a girl spelled ·spelling ability spelled it contests better to borrow frequently letters friend receiving from loved ones as parents and as well of the colonists. in the McAllister Nielson one's by a nur:iber of 1 this today. indicate words as to have a bit 1 lessonso mentions debates the other as well diarists, the the word sycophant ability spelling pioneers Many of these G. Nielson used the given in the wo/J/4.s, such as phlegm and diphtheria. al~o would be educatinnal to· foster graduates As one would expect,some so much to show off and·this school which all as recreational. of John McLaws and Frihoff were "trick'' Daniel in the evening as well than high correctly. interest bees was educational The journals tioned young people that in Utah. attended, creat~ it were many more men than women in the has but They had a few spelling not would have wanted to recreation. were ..illlost important, relatives were obliged world. a nineteen They probably a book •. He did not and answering had they to keep their had to be taken day by day journal, recreational Life Mormon pioneers as they were anxious mixi.ttg and marrying ¢ime the early themselves. in any case, way, How They Enjoyed as another as relaxing. and debating and spelling They were used of fun, and they did form of entertainment, Debates societies are also men- we-;:.-eformed form of entertainmento The spelling bees were continued for many years. This writer remembers contests between upper grade children and their parents as late as 1910 or 1911. His mother Eliza Tanner could spell down~ whole 7th or 8th grade class. Daniel.mentions settlers. did One party "a little winter It dancing was held dancing." and of those is easy who· were leaving mission. The men at called the Bro. off. folks· for it -~..~~§:!& ,k~ . The value 16, of their he got his the means of keeping few musical well after us all own persoaal enough to the people 6 themo ? 3niary Ibid, farewell "the during the party big they that first to one. settlements, given o'clock. Will night. 1877. "I was and Alma T~ Doxy Quite a number of h~d a splendid family evening by most people enjoyment like his at home. in Northern conducted Arizona cost Will in the at the by professional 4 There standards and particularly included few if they and colonies, and others "On July which time. 115 and though played at home. $134. in the settlement nmnbers who were present, It is mentioned John McLaws, children time." who came through a new Mason and Hamlin organ, family judged McAllister, In the and room done so as to Phillips We all Daniel from the· Arizona March 7, J. three a method of keeping his if in all the in which the women two or three music, relatives, and instrumental rendered fort with in many of our forms of recreation, Most of the parties very the Lake I s Camp. with instruments number of vocal a few at was held of music was recognized John Busg.man ass (1886) 1877, been released l#:::%tffl t3m'1ft!.~R._. some because like up until one of his "They stayed 3 sung to his. guitar." _..,,.. 25, to get us with from Bro. the area. having fhe party so important with January so popular worked 2 furnished came over later Utah, fort party." We kept in connect-ion he spent of a dance was the the Steale Music, in the year yet. othe·rs manager, fort why dancing, mention us a farewell at the There were only had not become popular give twice fe\-v the men outnumbered to guess The other only proved were very a large any of them were sounded to those good who gave of D. Ho McAllister, March J, 1877. Feb. 17, 18770 4 John McLaws Journal Nov. 30, 1879 and Aug. 28, 1879. See chapter on Vers tile Pioneer. 3John Bushman Journal, July 16, 1886. This prized heirloom is still operative and is claimed by the Adele B. Westover family. 6 This writer remembers a musically starved group of teen agers which included Walter Shelley, Delbert Hansen, Franz \vestover, Roy and Hartwell Tanner and an equal number of girls going to one of the homes on a Sunday afternoon where someone could play the piano a little, and spending two or three hours in a very enjoyable time. Even if there wereJno musicians in the group that had little to do with the enjoyment. After the founding ment furnished leadership throughout the a town band which grew up in Joseph City a Mr. Barrett Westover, of the Academy. Eva,Tanner I - and Delbert:_1e.1sen, bones; There were other ( /7 /·_,· Clara A musical end enjoyment the music Hansen bass; leader, Virgil and Alonzo received of this community Franz Bushman Bushman, trom- Bushman Zobell, and Jesse of altos; Bushman bass drum. remembered. of appreciation of the describes of the assistance 4 and 24 the band·serenaded organization depart- type on these individual refreshments greatly at most increased special homes 7 occasions. the 11 \ _Dancing must be singled in pioneer life. the early dances though early brought as well to a successful as poise entry 1879: the adults suitable had a dance. place for mentioned "fiddlers" meant aad a good voice "On Christmas responses dance John Bushman stated the of the original "square dance/.::• dancing children is their 1.,j the of John or another. caller In was perhaps required 8 caller. in his ? the dance It had a dance, principal with at one time to be a successful for -a.a~/:!ention in connection helped feature pioneers from most of them. as the orchestra. case day the This recreational th~~generation«P-,riJGli:iaA always when dancing 4llportant to a dumber pleasurable a number of other period as important talked memberspf McLaws and Moses SteelP'are music out as the most This writer and some of the oldest this Hansen Miller Tanner, such as July of the homes. .rlhW ! as a result members of the band not and in token Delbert B~sbman and Florence Arthur in the village •interest stake. Academy, and Ross McLaws, carinets; cornets; On holidays · Shelley, baritone; Stake Jarries A. Hansen was elected Ruby McLaws, Elva Porter Fred Bushman, /~' of the Snowflake Cbristma,· some skill / __ Journal in the evening amusement, as they had no a theatre." 7 rn connection with the leadership of the Academy it is probably appropriate to sing~l out a local boy Rufus Crandell fiom.:.Pinedal~ who went to Utah to coliege and returned to the Academy as music leader and r~maiaed in Snowflake the rest of his lifeo To attempt to measure his influence on the youth of the stake iwultl be difficult but it certainly i.Jas tr.emendous • The present writer remembers the attempts of the local ward during the latter part of the first decade trying to recruit and tra·in a choir which would be able to furnish suitable music for Sacrament and other meetings. It was an uphill undertaking but met with enough success to mertt our cormnendation. The old reed organ with Electa Westover Turley as organist is still remembered with real pleasure. 8 Joseph City thought well of its musicians and rewarded them with a show of appreciation which might be all the pay they would receive. Among those of the second generation i-Jho played for dances were Mary Hansen and Jesse Bushman on the q_rgan and Thomas Shelley and Hugh Larson violinists. "rhese local mqsicians furnished the dance music for many years 0 Latter-day whereas true strongly against the plains about thin{ most protestant entirely stake, Saints churches as a little it that their church have been opposed research will reveal. to· the members of the in 1847. And both to it. pioneer City ward, N. Smith" published dancing is not· Young spoke group while presidant of Joseph encouraged This Brigham first N. Smith, Jesse and John Bushman, bishop has always out crossing of the Snowflake had serious reservations dan~ing. In the "Journal of Jesse in 1953, there is the following: "At Snowflake I gave an account of my recent journey, also of the public teachings of Pres. (John) Taylor and party that I heard in Parowan. Spoke upon the evils of dancing. Some did not realize that it was not a part of our religion, while rest and recreation are necessary; belieyed that as a Church we had lost more than we had gained by dancing, especially has the round dance been tenned, "the dance of death." ••• I felt to use my influence against round dancing in this s~ake of Zion."9 c The displeasure against "round his remarks at the tune. of President dancing" which at that seem to indicate "We are nearly we have enough exercise Deportment all ages. N. Smith time meant disapproval we do not need is directed the waltz. of "square as bad as the Indinas of young people Said Pres. Jesse But some of dancing~' about so much dancing. seems to have annoyed principally as carried dancing; 1110 their on where elders in Smith: ''At a meeting in Snowflake I spoke on the subject of dancing. Reprehended the practice of swinging around in a wanton manner and more times than the figure or the music required. Musicians in the Church who played for round dancing were accessory thereto. Recormnended parties to attend dancing school and learn how to deport themselves properly. Similar remarks were made by Bishops Hunt and Udall and Bro. John A. West." 11 The Stake Church policy President on the matter and the Bishop were in complete of da~ing. "At that time the church i;.;as endeavoring the low, vulgar dancing from the people. They social dances originated in houses of ill fame suggestive.of evil. Up to this time there had waltzing in Northern Arizona by the Latter-day 9 harmony with to keep said that and were been no 12 Saints." Journal of Jesse N. Smith, page 258. 10 Ibid. page 255. 11 Ib±d. Page 2590 12 John Bushman Journal, January 1893. The author res the original diary, as well as the journal which was written 24 years after the event. Bishop Bushman had not mellmved any in his attitude about "round dancd.ng" in that periodo In July Pinetop)30 the or 35 miles location and other a south "planed" th~· host time, stake. but highlight make- sure everyone ..,.At 8 p.m. r. The first Th re were da e ••• strongly they would -'~n February, and children; { Siciety Cannon. do it . .iover dancing Then they and "the instructions dances were dancing. 3 "President All To r-- lumber Stake Pres~dents. seemed to enjoi the ~eople waltze~ in the young leaders the felt bad to know Jhe between waltzing circulated signers. to the Bishopric Stake Stake and Ward authorities continued. of the young men of the ward wrote forty-one 1900 the much of on a planed a time. on theJother several . d t h e.--:rnost signers . o b ta1.ne By December July A ~- to allow got was the Cannon and the retired, The local 5 round (1893) at pavilion, people 13 from Snowflake, occupied meeting 14 dancing." in the people 529 being evening danced older got up a petition .. . pTt1.t1.on round cotillion amusements. pJople .............. the First 4 and 5. July the young, out was President to the-Bishopric p~incipal - -~~J at the 22· cotillion. and reports particularly one hand and the young people pl~ition t.• orations had a dance the present, at and the The Pinetop 3, and ran through against-round to lead The struggle · many, of President people on the sermons, area F • .9mith of of accommodating July understood, twenty-two bearing capable conference forested and Joseph showed 1152 persons for a four-stake a well Q·. Cannon convened But after for were to be attendance. floor Songs, Cannon spoke very fl George dance of .the assembly arranged of Snowflake, brethren The conference . count Church of a saw mill. Presidency built 1892, o in:the the dances, petition which among the To counteract not to grant this, the youn the Retlief petition. is 1116 and Ward authorities that they in one evening. 1117 should not bad retreated have more than two or slightly three 13A planed dance floor was quite a luxury up to this ti.me. The Rioneery felt fortunate in most instances to have any kin<l of a floor. 4 Journal of Jesse No Smith, page 3880 15John Bushman Journal May 4, 1892, and diary of same date. The statement that:the leaders felt bad to know the young people would do it not found in the original diary, but is in the journal written a quarter a century later. 1°Bushman Journal, January 18930 l7Bushrnan Journal, Dec. 7, 1900. is of ! ·: It was not wished long until and the elders ~ere were soon to appear, to battle their Ariother the young people looking the one step, places element into of friction dances that strangers and ,vas discussed. should it was agreed Bishop to decide In line not that the rule to come to their the policy dances to the young people attending of carefully a few saw no harm in their places. The 'dances was less culture and persqnal lity ,4-it· parents 21 were rather than appearance; the girls~ _j/ tod~y. J they felt these young people noisy; to take part in some time before well strangers taken recormnended, who wished with referenee and Winslow or anywhere were "out finding young people of distrust of the 20 the ward members. screening places full It was the duty with at Holbrook and were was the attitude unless was the position parties though commercialized City strangers 19 to associate Most Joseph are dances, be continued." else. to dancing had been established in their and parties fo)l trot, had done. and diaries of allowing part who was suitable with Journals they Naw dances y' and the pertained the dances objection. as the waltz as it The rule take no apparent the two step, respectability toward:strangers of"outsiders." 18 "The subject _of all noflflembers. their on with were dancing of bounds" some recreation laughed loudly Boys especially were careless seldom dated and seemed to feel about in and there clothes no responsibi- a good time. 18 Pres. Jesse N. Smith has a score or more of entries dealing with . fhe subject. Young people, and particularly girls, were strongly advised not to work in Holbrook or Winslow. 19 20 John Bushman Journal, Sept. 1, 1899. The attempt of Bish9p Bushman to enforce the rule of the church regarding strangers at dances resulted in-..:.one of the most unpleasant of his experiences. A prominent family in the ward attempted to bring in a stranger without a proper pass an~.he was turned away.· Before the matter was settled · the bishop was cited to appear before the Stake Presidency where his action was upheld. While the matter was apparently "settled" there was much ill feeling about it, and this became a divisive matter in the ward. Bushman Journal Sept~ 1, 1899. 21 It is easy to give a wrong impresa_lon _·regarding conflicts between youth and their elders over their recreation. By and large the young folks enjoyed life and had a good time at their recreation ~ncluding dancing. This writer attended Josep3 City dances five or six years from about 1910 to 1916 and the young people were happy and unrestrained. Many parents attende and enjoyed seeing their children have a good time. Criticism of round dancing and inappropriate decorum came mostly from the pulpit which the ~oung people tended largely to ignore. Few unpleasant events seem to have taken place at the dances. The town usually exercises. Someone managed and the dren's town owned a flag races held usually tial parts. and other about In the Grounds" other manly·sports events all received the · Horse popular the there was any betting ,...,.~ .-----~*M· ____ store sunrise, Pole." Chil- forenoon; a meeting and an oration were The community games, horse "chicken Indians who visited_ prize was essen- removed to the racing, and_ both celebration, prize. Indians money seems off 22 in town contributing of the races, to bury a full ride The successful was~ a small purse,)of by public portion no record fun. would participated, a generous by on as have chicken. collected either settlement Indians receiving to have been outcome enough the and white the winner which the participating the head and a cash pull," money as well and deep Then the to pull on the at Liberty was the enough head. i+hich keepers subscrip- of it. was kept • 23 If 4 SIL;: The earliest brated chicken ·The prize tion, in the over. up a little large and try of the $5 or $10. to Navajo his firearms "the music appropriate conducted. events ground but racing, part were to pick by on a slow gallup rider atop patriotic took 24 with some noisy conducted adults was limited was dug in the grown rooseer, off was hoisted were of these holidays,hoping A hole __/ the 4 and July oE the town where baseball Most colorful these which noon at which north or custom July to shoot sports afternoon _"Fair rule celebrated the arrival Had a pleasant 22 inhumane and used time: celebration of the pioneers of Founders in this many came fm m other Day was March 24, in 1876, three 24 settlements. ~• place 1879. years "Celebefore. This popular event was discontinued when protests came of the A burlap bag, with one corner tied into an ear, was buried act. in~lace of the chicken in later years. 23There is a journal entry. See John Bushman Journal, March 1, 1891. "President Jesse N. Smith made the opening address, ands.aid there were several that would ask pardon for betting on horse racing, after which five or six of the leading men acknowledged to having acted unwisely, and were pardoned." It is not known if the betting took place in Snowflake or Joseph 1 .Tbe offense would probably be City, as men from both towns were involved. considered trivial by most people today. 24 John Bushman Journal, March 24, 1879. The diary "Three years Colorado. of this same date mentions ago t~day the Latter-day Day for diaries, A committee consisting these pioneers. was appointed here on the Little came from celebrations celebration Westover,were give prominence McLaws, Sariah is Eliza s. by the young people, The connnittee, Bushman, Lilliam Tanner, to join the dinner Bush- which was by the established cooks of Sophia McLaws and Nina Porter. -hop John Hunt, A. L. Rogers and L. H. Hatch and wives and Woodruff celebra- of the second generation. all at the Ward House at 5 Pom• was prepared the town, Mary Richards, to this March 8 to make arrangements. If the program was arranged from Snowflake entry. of annual But no farthur and ward records of John W. McLaws, Josie man and-Matilda served located this Some young folks was the beginning hardy with 1896, the 20th anniversary. until Journ~ls, t'ion. first the day as a holiday. 25 we had a good dance." One would have hoped this mentioned Saints We observed Brigham City, of Founders the event in the celebration came to Joseph BisCity and were recognized at the dinner. At 7:30 p.m. a program was carried C • Hansen, ·•·. master . o f ceremonies. 26 out under the direction of Joseph 1. Singing Prayer bys. U. Porter 3. Singing 4. >..Remarlks by Bishop Bushman 5. Song by Joanna Westover and Eliza Tanner 6. Sketch by John McLaws 7. Remards by President Joseph H. Richards 8. Song of 1876 by John McLaws and company 9. History of St. Joseph Dams by Dam Master (Boss) Joseph C. Hansen 10. Instrumental music by L. M. Westover (Matilda) 11. Reminiscenses of Camp Life by Sophia McLaws 12. Recitation by Emma Richards 13. Song by Jo~el) McLaws and Company Jc, -C..li..:.· 14. H. M. Tanne~ to relate instances of Cowboy life at the Mormon dairy 15. Song by June Bushman and Mary Hansen 16. Reading by Eliza Tanner 17. Remarks by A. L. Rogers 18-~ Instrumental music by Wycliff and June Bushman (Days That are Gon~ Seem the Brighter) 19. Song by Lais Bushman, Emma Hansen, and Naria Ro Smith 20. Remarks by Bishop John Hunt 21. Song by Adele Bushman and Annie Despa-in 22. Reminiscences of Sunset Life by S. M. Porter 23. Toasts and sentiments to be read by Sariah:. Bushman 2. 25 John Bushman Journal, MRrch 25, 1901. 26 This program copy was furnished by Martin grandson~ Bis hop John Bushman. Do Bushman of Snowflake, 24. 25. ·26. Remarks :.by E1;esident L. H. Hatch Singing, "How Firm a Foundation, Benediction by N. T. Porter 27 In 1901 the 25th anniversary five pioneers, and many visitors were served Carried out. "It Invitations celebrated p ,m. al~who At nine were in attendance. wished was said by many this . part oL:hhe The 27th anniversary present of the first to all One hundred a splendid a social in 1903. sixty- program was dance. occasion 2.8 was celebrated John Bushman, the only pe~ple gave accounts enjoyed was the greatest country." on Monday, were extended at the noon meal and at 3~~0 p.m., ever had in this pany, by congregation was appropriately March 25, the 24th coming on Sunday. Arizona 11 the Saints Seth B. Tanner had and who were in the March 24, 1876 com- days in Joseph City. A drama was presented in the evening. The 30th anniversary called all trees dlie able was celebrated to come and bring their on ·al.1~BHiialHHWt:ulxluia3 ~~~...-.·1, center in a different teams, way. and level and set out s1.ll A ¥¥WIRIM~dJFis-d;X¥Bl!ivL of town for a town park. a good job and set out thirty-six "The bishop;: :.There was a good turn shade trees. 1129 shade OJ;. .• J,Ji~ttstin... out. They did In 1915 William C. Allen and wife were in Joseph City on Founders and Bishop JohriBushman invited the colony to c3me to his be the last return \ Founders to Arizona, all who were there home for an evening Day gathering and next for when the Allens of reminiscing. sem~,of the party. year Bushman would leave lived Day in This was to· Allen would not for Utah to do temple work. This celebration - way the closing released years. of an episode. from the bishopric Within a year with Henry M. Tanner, would be released replace them. only a part 27 that of the 39th anniversary Two years before, which had given of the settlement Joseph continuous C. Hansen had been service for twenty-six since 1887, together to two bishops si~ce 1880, John Bushman, who had been bishop who had been a counselor from tbe bishopric The change of religious of the total shift and second leadership in which affairs was in a generation members would and responsibility were passing was to a new genera- Looking over the program one does not need Bishop Bushman's comment th~ prograrn was long and "they did not get through until midnight • 11 8 John Bushman Journal March 25, 1901. 29Jobn Bushman Journal, March 24, 1906. . 30 ti.on. If dancing was their principal home must have been of next with accounts families jjlpossible not importance. Diaries exchanges. Since of such social in the community during to have them all amusement, at one home for thing. perhaps brick home, combined They invited af~all hours N. Smith, Jesse dedicatory the Stake the adults and a half a few songs and included stake . At 7 p.m. all was carried out Silver by Theressa speech speeches, Bells;by with their five couples does Gould and an evening their Silver of friends new Wedding Day. from Snowflake in the home lasted and a dedic_atory were seated, prayer two by the Bushman girls and partook to the Bushman home where a prepared a speech song by Ennna Hansen; song by Ida H. Udall; E. Tanner; by J. H. Richards; of the program stump speech stump by J.C. Hansen~ and song by Samuel G. Ladd. were in order, and among those a Book of Mormon, a volume of Eliza of Millennial Star and a nice recitation song by Mary Porter; handkerchief, collar they had had a splendid future. But this completed meet~g songs, "fifty the company; Richardson; Gifts the party. including: by Eliza and said than a dozen it would be quite to the ward house where supper; returned by H. M. Tanner; recitation filled president. a "sumptuous" 31 of Arizona." bounties who had just }.The afternoon The company then adjourned bad prepared an evening and a few other of the ward. years, in the and recitations. ceremonies Presidency are were less and have "supper" 1890 the Bushmans, In February there Four or perhaps meet at one of the homes by invitation with and dinners and journals most of the early seem to have been the usual conve~sation parties This was the greatest button. R. Snow's "At ten thirty time of enjoyment tioe received of their were a silk Poems, all a volume dispersed with many good wishes 1132 lives. for 30 with reference to ~~rch 24 becoming a recognized holiday for the people of Joseph City, this writer, who grew up in.._the community has no recollections of any celebrations or any mention of March 24 as any differe~t · . than any other day. Apparently Founders Day had not b~ome an established holiday asr?;3ly as 1915, but it did have meaning forlibe early pioneers and ()~-C!,:1!.:-~e older\-lae generation. l 31 --! John BushmanJournal, Feb.11, 1890 • • 32 Tois chapter• was shown to Delbert and Alice Hansen who approved but made a few additional suggestions.., wn·hfli ,rU-i(''i,:e-~6~~ Home produced plays were an important feature in the recreation of the community. These productions were frequently timed. to correspond with some important event like In a rural community like no·:money were highly one, and nearly twenty-·two singly enjoyed. every rifles rabbits the all too often expe·rie~ced hunters like . The M.I.A., group. or more time playing problem full In the earlier children years, were taken and skating Fishing brought ~~unders colored the records to the old Obed fort when ice~was rides thick was poor in the area, back carp and suckers. which was qutte a long trip Day or stake get hours, and Some of the more went to the river or ducks • avenues of recreation, Den," as did the spent as much and "Run Sheep, were these games, there was no attendance. Ther~ were a few sleigh often, table. occasionally So·:.pleasurable easily For the boys, quorum which met on a week night leseons. in getting\near or could many enjoyable "Dare the Red Man out of his as in serious which cost Most of the boys had vegetarian then as now, provided things were abundant. provided beautifully A deacon the simple horses. rabbits Fred Tanner and brought:home priesthood riding hunting meat for Run," one enjoyed tail some tastr City Every one had a horse and cotton or in pairs, reservoir Joseph Trout mention parties or the dam on the river. when snow was available, when the 33 which was not enough. though fishing in pre-automobile conference hay ride some folks required went to Chevelon a trip and to White River times. and were generously patronized. The crowd always laughed with,and not at~the actors and little mistakes were enjoyed by every one. If the play possessed special merit it might be taken to other wards where the same consideration would be shown as in the home town. People usually enjoy things in,:-.-which they or their children are involved and the school has always been an important institution.Cantatas and programs of various kinds were prepared by the school children two or three times a year and never failed to fill ~he hall as nearly every one had children. 33 Tbe author took his children 9, 11, and 13 to the Joseph City dam as part of a 30 day vacation. It ·was the time of lmv water and none -was passing over the dam. The children were allm.;ed to \-Jade in the p~JOls below the dam and spring up and down in the quick sand. This turned out to be the highlight of their vacation. ; J -t~~"\~-v-L SECTION V The Meaningful (- \ - Life Chapter 1/,? How They Worshipped Chapter 6 The Schools 15/-.. Chapter 1yf?How They Chapter y,:7 The Enjoyed Life Versatile Pioneer ., l .. ••. SECTION VI The Neighboring JJ.Tuba City Colonies (7 Chapter ff and Moenkopi Chapter l1i: Chapter 19"'. Brigham City ,,.__i Chapter 20. Obed and Old Taylor Sunset [7 CHAPTER1-6 The Versatile is little -There .any partic~lar cular th~t evidence in:-:calling care trede· skills tof insure Pioneer Brigham Young or his men to·:the used associates Arizona Mission who possessed parti- t.hat each compan,t had a wide distribution of" such skil 1 s. There is evidence many of those that called \ abilities and that under the force of necessity \ did possess 'developed a variety skills of in many directions. from the records possessed skills it is evident available when\they John mclaws tells their received of serving call ,,-~,:::;:!"'~..._-~ ..:-..__,,-.. ..~_....,.-~ But most of those ledge farming the raw frontier, like of their they a broken rose and unhesitatingly wagons reached their trade and, and took his ... irrigation -~ ditches had skills and laying because in blacksmith- of the exteeme need. in any trade or occupation They were handy with their in general, know- overall were fitted for the pioneer lived. l3ck of particular were a generation advanced training to the occasion. Colorado valley for life on men; and when an of self-reliant wagon wheel or wagon tongue little engineering already were unskilled rough building under which·they In spite emergency called and stockraising. of mendin~nd conditions Turley and Isaac much time at this and both spent .l-.1..,,-r in carpentry. It ~~,qjfll~~~"~l~e,~~;.l Joseph H. Richards except of civil which he used in planning instruments, out community lots. ing, to Arizona. of two apprenticeships part IYlejor Samuel G. Ladd':knew something surveyor's some of the men already that occurred,:·they It was remarkable destinations quickly how many of the when the nature of sttn ·r. the terrain and the roads end of the journey than their Among the first semi-pe~manent is considered. oxen, tasks location There were more wagons reaching many of which died undertaken after were establishing along the way. the colonists a carpenter the camped on a shop, a blacksmith shop and a shoe shop. Som~ of the men were just of the new environment others, lacked naturally than others. They acquired and came to be acknowledged a "specialist" person, c. rrihoff e 1acted for in some field, andt.he would soon acquire Nielson him as chief told i . ~€.Y :oa.~t cook. more capable their a call skills anyone complained of his If some camp the needed "know-how" to do the when the Sunset The company r.efused baking than would be made to some promising of protesting bread to needs more quickly proficiency. to accept and so he went ahead with the duties. protestations, in adapting or other United his job. Order resi.~Mor, er There is no record thet cooking chores for the large men looked after his ourn indi- company. ror vid\1fJ the most part needs insofar however when special with more rePined or the each as his abilities skills pioneer met the demands. There were instances, were needed and he was obliged -fOY ~r.o. instanc_'.;., nearly talents. or even a saw, but when a watch or clock anyone needed repairs to call on others wield a hammer could a more deft touch was required. As an outstanding up the pioneering most notabl3 Much example of th9 versatility companies, the accomplishments in tha group coloniLing or the information regarding and accomplishments comes directly conscientiously many years. for Joseph of certain men who made of John Mclaws is probably City (Allen's the exceptional from the personal diary Camp and St. scope of his Josaph.) talents which he kept Sor::e early entries in his dia~·y ::.ncluEieid: In i•:arch 1371 I sta.r.ted to learn· t:ie <farpenter trc:;.de ·,vith a bruther in oy t:ie nw:ie of id win Broad. I workeci ~-Jith him eig:i t rr.onths, tne Gosfel but could r:ot :~et alo:12-· very ·,.;ell ·.-Jith hi, ..., as he was cross and illtempered at ti~es. In 1872 .I ·~·ient ·,,i th father to Salt Lake City ( the l<cLaws farr.ily resided '..mci ·"'as taken in as an apprentice 8J Faul and Son, a:rc itect and ouilder. The shop was in No. 15 Co~:-r:ercial Street. I worked with him two sumr..ers ~vhen he became bankrupt, and is still owing me s13.45. To~) - 1rhis early muni ty, preparation and in carpentry the or by hie1self became new colony and cabinet As demands he could as he saw the do quite most wide itude the "'"-~--..-- 33 duys; variety of taskJ in the db.ry of different in entire their united ----.....--....- ...-- .--..--.... known best f.:.;r his ~r either for "It by other development of the work for is to his skill of the of new skills, members doubtful members of the if Joseph he really c.i tch items comin community John Ci./, McLaws c_ompany. knew how m~ny ·things of John activitie~ Crder plan 7 days; are :r.ehtione·d Dr just what !·:cLaws show better this of life, ~here compa.:-1y. During bis darn work 58 days; l ?1/2days. chores a reader in which 298 worki=:ig days as wor~ 271;2 days; carpenter work perfor~ea, coG~unal 1881 John McLaws listed 150 days; school i~dividual people need versatile his Unless Entries valuable well.'' :'eachin€; shearing was to be most making. In summarizing sheep he was who knew him said, follows: carpentry wer~ made upon hi~, one of the One person, for could a fioneer not understand was obliged th:.rn any other the to vmy, do. the mul t- one ~an h=d a part. each ~an accepted period John duties McL'='ws could -:..-... ....._ .. to serve be said to have been a carpenter, hunter, b~tcher, wheelwright, sheep-shearer, churchman and secretary. tainer blacksmith, shoemaker, He also painter, watchm~ker, was a faroer, musician, studen:, a mech~nic, teacher, civil servant, a handy:n~n, enter- and a.diarist. With6ub doubt his the training principal he had received, on the Little Colorado ro indicate occupation and alr.:ost river, mail and carpenter work all He made use of from the day the colonists he was called the emr,hasis, 1 was carpenter. upon to perform tasksi,:of 1877 by saying he summarized the time excepting arrived building. "I worked at the an occasional day I work- that ed on the farm.'' By 1879 when the settlement great variety of jobs Mexican wagon. door for requiring day on J. "Worked all ."I was fairly his Tnompson's put a botton in a swill butter of the in May he wrote: For instance and worked all bucket /nJr/ afternoon for H. Nielson, on a and made a he said he ''finished turning the rounds for barrel a to in." In September he told Bartholemew anci family Their died last child of spending were traveling nie;ht. an afternoon making a/ coffin. "Nelson from Colorc:.:..dotc S rn Francisco, He cclr.:e here Cal. t:1is 11:orning to get our folks to child." This reference to ma.kin[; coffins mac'.e coffins John his he~ put a hoop on ,.., wash tub for Bro. Bus·hr..an" und "fixed ,,....._ of established, the women's outhouse." two cribs, b:1ry. the attention. buckboard," Knowing how to use a lathe~, putj well f~.1ily inexpensive· for Joseph trirr::-:1ed (lined) a one could thern. im-.~ine, is but one of rr:any. City, and durin~~ much of A funerc:?.l in Jose~.h but this For h.lf City did not me~n it this was c.1. century tii:"le members :~boi.;t as wuo not as nice as the resources of the cci-.rr.unity could In November 1879 he told spain' s spinning wheel. sash, and set· the frame. d~y•s activities. for the company, making fra~es During all frame." over ~o. and Peterson's making a handle saddle, doors on "the Je- put the glass bureau,'' as typic.,l pin for for to spin with" in one I of one I L. Heward, as well of moving i~to secretary." made a pair made a bolster One day he said and Sister made brake a as he had wo.i:ked the entire day at the time he blocks, for a wagon, and "started their to break at 11turn- lathe, I ,< up the clods, ·.r· ~nd· was made from a large tree -- --- -·"\ Qr-· a model for a loom from G. Bailey. ·ocrrowing much ti:ne in buildi!:p: .S2.rly in 1~31 he saic ;f'/ la.:f-.:: .,,- or repairing ,-. ,.. z :-,J ..J Some other room, mc1king Grace .Jesp,:in, he ! 1 a loom for ,.:joon he the United Order ·.-:ork-2dal~ de.v in the .shop on the loom." vee.r he :,started f-<;,.s r,...... to :n~ke for 1·,e.~ vir..~ rag rug.s, c:.. cupboard ,:orkinr; jobs ·.vith a shuttle to Heave. i,.1hich appeared and even in the church far.iilies, curfentry 1 I as company. -,..._J: ..__ were use~ prm¢arily .._., :I.... "' "'.!.. ·v m:....nyof the ])ioneer 'J I I I the autumn of that ,·~ I used by the company to roll I --- I I l·!cLaws mentioned /] I I a picture round as possible. ( I help- for Bro. Richc.:.rds." spoken of was a farm iyplement d I I the new shop Duri,ng this of stairs, The roller was s:rentng I the shop. day on the roller, land cho.ir I fixed few months of 1380 he told the first ing on a bedstead Dadd's ''made a •..Jindow frame, and a door for ed with a·pack "Bro. fie also and on the same day hanging "worked of fixing 1880 found :-ii:n making a "rolling A day in January mallet 11 afford. rerfor~ed incl1:detl and school putting shel v-?.s, 01..;.ilciing ''my first on ''r.--.yfiddle box,'' putting on the In The looms II floors of building. a desk in the washboard'' for schoo~ .Sis tcr a\:>ottom in a wagon that\{/_..._"> \ I . ti to be used for h~ulin1 s~lt, m r rm ~a.kine ox bows, making a oeam for a large plow / used in construction the autu:m In him a house, build work on tne railroad,. of 1383 a Navajo, 12 x 14 feet, of 1385 two other the winter for them at a spring Pal-chin-th:.me, for John Bu.shman, Joseph Navajos If there roughest in his were any carFentry job that cabinet w~rk, there lf:i. a §HK during diaries on to perform ley' s Wa[;on," and ar;ain wheels." i.,;heels. 11 except he could claim such tasks. "yi,6r~ed on about ~heelwork he cha,,ed is closely ~ssociated recog!1ized blacksr::i ths, haci a olacks:i;i th Isc.ac rrurley 50¢ four buckboard ~ires ~nd 3et of helping five tiFes~'' ".t3ruther with , the Elish out of the felloes and in the J. workir!G Is<:1ac 7hrley ti~e, blacksmith- the co1:.munity's II. Ktlch~ds. Another two e(t.ch. shop but 1-;cLc:,·,.,sdoe a not rncntiun ..;,s a bl.?_cks::iith he wlci he "put he of new bows on J.~.Shel- wit~ carpentry a~d Joseph ~n- show that he said and three m~ch of the work ;:cLaws did was in conjuction from the it •. of years l-:exL...-3n Wat;on takine; 'l'o put in the felloes he agreed of wheelwright. of several spokes 3ecause The latter is no record On the s~~e w~ion he put in five houses the masonry, not accomplish, put a set In cor:1pleted." On one occasion a he build for to the trade a period McLaws to over '-Jy Americans. a hand until in a wheel ~nd wed~et the bal~nce, spokes later houses, house. two weeks. that C. Hansen and Henry E. Tanner.• wor~ to the finest was called ing, to be taken 1886 he built John 1-':cLawsmight ·,.;ell have laid tries within cam~ to him, asking for $200 with Tanner to "furnish to build employed which was completed ·t1hic:1 was threatened 1885 and early In late ~vid b~..:.ilding an entire two C. Hansen with hirr. • cut and weld in 1879, he wrote that he had "worl:ed welded up as six it 0as and got they tires anti almost the set i!1 the .tire the "two places re.s.dy with One entry tried and on the steel. about other mail Bro. an axel ~ere ~3 the J. for 3ro Turley. t~rtin, ~hi>;.g in .:e cut it wood and ~ater the T'ne• next '' 1~.ffl~~~~-~=-~•• axle, which a!ld had to give but ~k c~rried tiretl. b0~h ::~"e first to set h ~lping s~op, had to patch they day in II f:.r:1? horses \ horses," in Eay 1379: w:J.s -..~i t-cen :.•1hich -cte Uri.i ted for Order "I co,t~any nailed on five furnished feed care. He told of Turley 11 Dnu ~elded . shoe? to ~eld d~rk tiras, bL~ck~rr.i th brought his must(al -no more 4 had been 11 the mend Brother Probably nor set ting \;_Cti in to D. O. Calder, He wrote also to light those f~r the th;:3.n his r:1entioned dancini for by his music. as May Typical since On M&y 10 he said a price fellows the he had of b flat list of 1879, al tho:.gh entertainment Cohn 8f New York and to Rudolph ~~muel more with as early and· other La~e City, Salt affair af 1376. s;ring and helping wa_:;on 1 " sprin 6 ." ci,.. to ·::ii::;self were a letter buggy . pleasure settled i'-1:ijor 's on the of J oh1:- hcLa.ws was r::..ppr;pia ted the violin playing ony was first .Snow's vi ty activities thimbles Wurlitzer he col- written clarinet. and Bro. of of the man- Cincinnati. By Septe~ber th ordered cle::,~er, - -clarinet by registered one music reeds. He wrote music.'.' he had ciecideri of pioneer songs holder, from ·.·iurlitzer on2 dozen 0ads T.1.e ins ;ru:n-2.::t arrivec. several He even singing letter buy a clarinet to :·ioneer for times wrote sanes of .sor:;e cf written tl- ... people and one clarinet, the on ·vctober balance "one 1 own son 6 s, by oti2rs. o:: :.h-~ but (~slate co::..rr.1..:.nity.) ' of clarinet ;p3.00 in 11. h&vin,s- ::-.et ·::i th t--;oses Sb;ele his 10th and on the "to hi::l.ve some was known widely as for 1920 He ~ould his sing the Christrna~ Fqr d ..,ncing ~anted to sove of "eight dance. five Gets. New Year's I'hat 11 Eve at first His music village of they "had t:.e of the of teachi:·.g the Sunday time singing, 1882 In July in first Washinfton, play School. He noted could with play for and for City they and danced I s ci?__nce on I I time.'' a dance" the 11 the and " I enjoyed I ba.ss att~~pt. I d~d very well. l~sted u~:il 12 o'cl~ck. the days ...----.... ~51 J c .sor::eone and studying spelling sustained 0 as in of the music 350 in gold or~an.'' on the fiddle, of 11 to He luter were to Cd.11 the I d~nces for::::: tions. I Daniel told I of learn- organ." the via-cello, he could Moses and ple.y the ~teele. the violin dance music On Dec. s ·.-1~ichi~..:as caller, At night we had a picn~c ci.;Jnce Rt square the leader 1 4, 1082 it being party which It is ~he l:...st 1..,;ctnceti:1 t h~ \•till rLly for us a~; hA ha.s dra·.-.,:i off frorr. the Co. D.nd is going to played the via-cello. here for some tir.:e Gila. 11 were of conc,.rning he "enclosed music departunre ·'/;e h .d a children's choir, I wrote: noon the entries the· pici.no sorr.e·..;hat if sadness in he had been an 16-stop to dance 't-ihat he called and ap~·arently oe at Nany of the New Jersey, "accompanyments He played to -~ as "speaking that 19, 1884 he •.-1rote that fhose house good he s~ng he wrote On February ;~fter first music of a ·~hildren' a very 4.,s well 1881, 1382 and 1383. to school violince{p throughout Beatty, ing tell school. found the he vms :ianager season ·...rhich he said ''to playing .-.:ho had come to Joseph In::lic.n3' the~ of rate." home, singing took day he ''played records at (Hopi) he sane in 1331 he wrote season Loquies He said The following myself holiday ~nd of netessity For many years there it needed ·.-.,as ~!C- he cepted in the cor.::--.1u!':itythat_ John ~-:cLaws-wouihd perform ts a t~acher in the colony devoted that John ~cLaws was pressed of short their the first duration, four ctildren, y-~ars at Joseph when they co~ld find On October 28 I received day he inspected wrote that he "had worked all Novemoer 1 he qtarted class I was wanted were terms In his to teach that so teach. words: school." The next needs, and house and blackboards." and by Nov. 15 he had received On two bells, one and one hand. By November 27 he had been sum~~ned for an examination er, were of school O\-Jil some of the fhysic?-1 day on the school the rnen came first, EOffieone who would or could ascertained teaching, of all The settlers of survival in lfove!llber 1.:80. word that the b~ilding, because iCi ty there 1 3ervice. as any. but matters John .McLaws was C3.lled to teach 11 service he seemed to have as much schooling to educating during into this but he did not record where he went or who examined he had been at Sunset ing to church Joseph officials, City since for church reside~ts, that conference, him. and it he had an interview he would be working under as a school teach- He did record was likely, with the· direction accord- one or more of the United Order coepany. He finished ~nd in a diary ~is entry first quarter of school of March 12, 1381 he showed that had in the "Gracie Common, ~\:..le pi..;.pils 22, 1. te~ching fe::iale on Jdnuary for 12, total 21, 1381, the quarter he 34, No. days People of the sec .nti generation were scarcely ~ware of the musical abilities of John i<cLaws. Jut the pioneers kne·.v and appreciated it. ~ere man ~ho played four or oore instru~ents, and ~as generous ~ith his t~lents and enjoyed playing and Cdlling for d~nces. .. ··, 2o~etimes s~rviv~l .-I. C. Allen_, a school school for awhile, took precedence trustee, Th,lri_ng the first outside of the local sidered necessary and write state Gn ~arch me the:..t they .-;ould suspend me to so to the .dnrn to ·.v0rk." under way and [,;cLaws returned 1381 lj, .\fter to his a few school room lL on Jq;ril read "ccJ.I'.'leand told .s.ni -.,anted .. weeks the work was well over school. years of the settlei71ent churah for organization. 3chool teachers and do si8ple and county government John McLaws wished St. Johns to take there For this reason government it to have credentials was not con- beyond ability By 1883, however, calculations. to have established to qualify was little himself sta::dards for was enough school teachers. and so ·.vent to the county (See eh~pter the needed exaJ:.ination. there to seat on The Schools at for the sto~y of, his difficulties.) He did not pass there were those ·In_ spite of this the examination. who felt failure 10 ( the examination that it "and so did not get the certificaee," was not because to qualify formally, he lacked qualifications. he began teaching ·,vas on Dec. 3) and noted in his diary but that again on Dec. he received ~30 per month. Later l~cking certified so~e degree as a hunter. c~sion, entries in hie diary teacl1ers e u. r--· the colony of his school used those teachins, persons 8 which meant that vailable jho had of ecuc~tion. He tolci of killing af-cer brir.?ing for supper.'' told On 2.. antelopes in an ~ntelope~ c.ay in July ·.-iith obl-t ::uns and I killed bro and drying he said he 11 the mean. C:)oked nearly 1881 he st1id he arni "Bro. deer, at twu shot." un one oca shoulder ',Jalker ••• went out I I I I I On a d,:..y in tfay he ''heard it, but a turkey gobb:i.e and went aft.er in coming home ca~e across a h~rd of deer it. Could not and brough~ one down each barrel." On another occasion rabbi t·s. three apparently occurred at intervals concerning in the HcLaws diary. a needle Later to the Remington caps and some of the ing shells and running told crops for of sheep, kill In addition ~urke~~ ~ettlera for appeared 516, three he had sent which. ti~e of ammunition to "I bought dollars a letter was in assay and a postal card for gun." a needle I .sent for came tonight. gun sights A few months later he was writing food. of the settlers ivery ~an had helped or cattle. I Turley steer. kill was meat to augment at Also of load- one tine their a beef," He eas v0ry and ag.:.:.in he wrote fat, one kidney gar- .or anot~er John !·icLaws was no exception. to the domestic Order ~eat ~nimals, they hunted with His diary· "Helped H. · weighee.tt. 36 lbs., company had a herd of sneep, deer, and from these .spun, :::..nd\-:oven by the villagers. turn of sheep. shearing for antelope, r~bhits. 1,,;ool ..-:hich wus carded, vii th the fro~ 16, 1879 he wrote: the ~rice "the hunting, suet.'' Jnd cotton3-tail The United needs hogs, a 3~year-old he had 140 lbs. that of his bullets. cf>df~ecbping"3ro. Tanner of ammunition and killing the years. as October shells." One of tqe universal t,f of the Saw Works inquiring the butchering out the sar:1e month he said In December 1879 he wrote den and field firearms pistol of the extent - through As early gun and 12 rounds tickets." of r,oing out with his Tnese were r.1erely examples Information time he told In ~!)teri;ber John 1.S80 he noted anim~ls j•,:cLa.ws that tcok c~me his on t:ie 14th I he sheared his /..,..-; I she3.red Tnere Here four 31; any of the the 56 the 48 year sheep the ceived bales shearing Labor in the says 16¢ in painted, but 11 put and ' 1 fixed shearing there at at were tt~rned 11 6}12¢for The distance r:ici.ke r.10st oi he the for iul-chin-cfulanf' his hand owr.. 11 J. fer 1883 p~int Thompsons mixed pc.int whom he had ·u.:-, shown by his a son I 22 he pressing. spring, loading car total weight 4,292, Pa." They re- for to that entries wage. He c& ~{ cabi~e-ts or va~nish. buck::,oatd" and rainted built John ~nd later J. a house. diary necessary shoes, .so John · Bush- of i\ugust of ·.i. H. Turnbaugh." r.ia::1e it including the ~-1ere fe-..,.,structures painted for I colony. received co.i.r:1uni ties c:..:p.'.l·el, in that bedstead, in a !lec;,d, c1.ccording Sm~et to letteri~g r..eaciboard from ot::.er their the than frequently. finished being I figures. sheep he sheared a.m. sacks in rep~rs Philadelphia, 61/2cents some articles let tered 30 los. I day he on July activities and sold 4 o'clock J'..~len' s Camp there of v:-:i.rn;sh o up paint winter that of required shipping received .second rrwre s=-ieap by three entries/ & Co., Bateman At Sunset years 4,651 His ' No~cL the ,vns up at ti 1881 when he 1 I morning. T. \•,'. Tu::-ley u..nd myself. as her~ted th,:\t 1 on Ju,..e 6, 1879 that i:fo even to '! based_ on his 807 animals one coat sheared. t::is f,~r •.mnt of sheep. N. 'I\' .lker, earlier, a press snes.ring e:.:.rly was shea:-ing during weighing a pound, early t-~cLaws noted he with to Justice McLaws diary. In the J. were other There was kept bales sheep he sheared ;~tG.rted ar:d quit a .sheep began and sacks consigned about seen B.nd ·oy then in one day. 412 A.& P. R.R. 18 lbs. start 11 N<.2.--·t1.,,, .t~ · in May 1882 he wr~1te: because c.iiary: Richc.trc.is, :L c.1. The wool apparently 8,943 ht te .J. ti:71e I ever third other wool into -~&id his Got shearers, first The next sheared sheep. 20 today. Today was the sheared first for the :-:cLaws colonists learned 31, .... tm make snoes. for his wi,fe, {) tAnf;Ues for His c....ndon July and counters myself." \.\ I have for Pioneers could th~t his fine until Johns and so ?-kLaws, June his I se·,•:ed the sole on a pair son Johnny o.nd help- 0:1 Feb. his in of his ;;Jie often r.1~:ition~ th~ 12, his in his his 3 ned projects, ss.ys watc:1es and clocks. This few entries for "Cle:,_ned exception McLa.ws was the one man because 1894 he s2,id of shoes was the it but John a watch a pair said: ,ial ter. son 2;:.n.Jrepair diary H. J. told lester Sl.50. for _nd mended he had cleaned of several a clock for on the Little H. fenrod." in learning he was doing lb.v:i.jo course thirst v~.1 repairing. ~ntry interest 1379 for s in --t-h-e--set- otheI ('"..:.nd :'made s.ccomplishments, irnother ...ho had a joung .an example 11 the as 1894"entries large •t1h•~nhe "cle. and a ·,-1atc·.1for St, book, 1894, and clocks." Ii with to cl:-:an later watches." ~-'icLaws showed as a pair work as watch to be one of his Colorado. for ·_f .;:;lippers shop. aM""--for-s01r1e my for good •.,mrkers see~ed t-·:.Tanner ,.,,. as well wife, comrnuni ty who l~arned watches late :92-ir of sh~es do such I cleaned shoe put of .shoes s.- f.o_~.:id:J, ta ·-Q~~eaa~Je-as proved activity the & h2lped day he r.:ade a p 2 ir in his this 2 ~r. \ years II closed he fitade shoes~---bi made several Sophia, ·.,;orked c..ll ds::y in 11 5 pr. he u~ade a pair in i.-.&y 1J31 pairs. Apparently Heffi,u1t; fep that 11: in . T1he next ed on two bther -- dia.ry-r;;ll.s for of In~iar: for in nis Jlacksmithing ·..,rith him. t•,JO aays, inowled;;e, order3 /"'1Key to the Universe, so~e early .s-ot the because ouoks. ~n in~ir.eers his tirr.e for Nathan The boy coLlld la:i to write diaries· Amo!l~ those ::.:..~di-iechc:..nics speak or say fro:n noted Barth are l·oc~et then of i;nglish .some on ''a doctor 3ook, :-.1 diet- ionary, History unci ·f3.rrur' "I have renewed Life of ChrisL s 1u·e An unusual that of the U.S., entry in the diary of shcrt 2arly in 1382 the er.tire could co:ne fro:n reading set tlerr:en: man 25¢, 1 Amateur His list e~eeded interest of the people g~ide, 28¢, 1S81. ~hich read: ·..;i th the benefits 2 the 1--icLawsdia.!.~y said: I sent of Benjamin $2 per man by a few cents, knowledge after Franklin but clearly in whatever "Each 1 ~~erican 75¢, 1 American Zncyclopedia, 1 Autobiography in gaining 25, r, 52 to buy books with. Painter the a baseball showed concern 0:1 Feb. 50¢, 1 handy Bible Dictionary, of April hand writing-. books. man in the company received Popular ~~shington, :r appeared r.iy study of Geor3e it fields Business60¢." indicated they were in- terested. .elee a • jhe of the entries t·he 23rd Ariz. Tnis reeular diary were of event= of August the rec rd ~f his first job r.iail all I ea::-:1ed ;7.54 that ti.:.e were ~bo~t try. reco:r.mended ing ~B contair.ed ,;1.50 The r::cney went to the He wr..::te on vctober the to that cc:nmissi,.n my the :ostoffice day. prior 1876 I 1t:2-s appointed but ciiu not receive is of John J.:ci..aws was not started se~vice to 32.00 "I Easter ur..ti'i rer ~~T·- te nc. 1 on entry of Alle:1, re~ds: servant. day ·.:hich .:i. sick \•IOL:.ld II An indication 5, 1879: of 2ept. entry ''On Y~vap::i.i Co., the ~3rd of Decer.iber 1276. as a civil "I tended .-/ages 5-t :.~c:.n?' -,ccount of fer this en- coli1:pany ra. ther tha.n to r-~cLaws per- out r.1y resignation as post:r.ast-er Jose_,-.h H. Rich:-..rds as ;-..ost .. aster.'' bond to ~ashington, t~ 1379./t sorrie until One such i~ot so bad for .r:i ted 6rder 2ih, 1579: Post in a diary today. time.· the 0ece~ber i'"cLat,;s follo·,ved .17, ~nd a~nouncing through. th~t at:d send.; the com- ~ission for ach~rds 1, 1)~0. c~~e on January In June 1 )'7'j ;.;cLav:s ~:.::ci received him ,_s &press appointing He accepted ~gent -'.:l f0r the 5:ar as clerk polled all Co. instance he served a l~Jn. tb satisfy In the Little Colorado as civil as ''clerk as judge servant secretary were of a caucus 15 votes of the election an ecclesiastical The property because government trustee of a constable 15,000 lbs,of settlements service, of a school as clerk 1881, whan four mules,· two h,..,rses, ley were sold as a civil on}fov. 7. de;:1ocra tic," In another classified and Transportation on N~v. 2, 1880; bei~g of the election On August 4, 1383 he·served under resfonsibilities on November 6, 1382; and serving raeeting L~ne ~ail notice 0- the ap;:,o:::..nt:rient. Otl~er ways in which he accepted in ~erving le: ;:er fro:;1 E. ;\. Fi.3ke ·.vith church the entire even after corn, election. sale 16, on April cmd 5,000 lbs of bar- had been attached on March ~ervice could sometimes community state lived county tlnd 25. be and worked officers were elected. John i<cLaws, like c~lled For inst::;nce blessings entries '' 8_fter in L. ~~13 H. lhtch, the i,:er.1bers of the co:-:1pany for president; church. patriarch.'' to serve lrdians. co:-:1p;,.nyas s_h0......,n in this Richc.rds, of his was there because He served ·.-.:.C. A~len, 1st <1s r?n officer ·1 ·.i.~1isci..Iternoan elect inf in or was .c tually He served entry: He n- ,ted officers vice pres; \,1e ;_.;hich are J. he h'1d been when and where A1gust 1580 J::ie v.Tote th t he natl written ·11nere he had been called ::ii~3ior:-~..:.ry ·.-1·.Jrr:·.-.:i. th Lrder h-~ads of f::ir::ilies, to be t~1ere by the leaders called. chal other six three p 8 _triae- separate participating of in the Uni te-d ~ad ::.::. ;n2e ti n6 of as follows: C: Hanser1 2nJ J. pres; H. John Bushman , tr2asurer; j·.;S<Laws,~-ecr--;t&ry, ..,:hich constitute J. t:i-:? board of directors.'' ~- Other the stake positions hig_h council, · S by John ~cLaws in church stake C ~unJay~chool recorder, leader held superintendeP-t, ·=.. of the .Sabbath secretary of the a pl~ce .Schools, on ward funday Sc~ool and of the singing. His Indian mission~ry John iJ:cLaws wrote work. .ark was f~uitful His penmanship been for this well. punctuation He spelled was probably reason most of his 8 on (See Chapter --::; of his time·ani postwaster. envirolli:1ent, space. as a school book may have mistakes Sane and lack of His deep interest teacher, tended in to correct deficiencies. dS and ~ccounts. United He never a keeper felt higher th~t pa-J haci been invented the of records. telling than His records contain that bJ th8 he was s~peri~r the less tir11e the yei.:..rs of strug;:le to his work as secretary or keep~er several state~ents fin~nci~l brethren or that me:-:-.bers. During his skills most of the f.;.i_r;r1ersto grm-J anG. h:;,.;,rvest t.:eir Little \·Ji entries finc:nci::,_l t~ansactions. s:idlled ~-10uld help Nore ~han a hundred of his Order Company and numerous Eany inventions ~ri!'lg in all in the cor.1pany, and it . e e>V selection to be found in hio diaries deserved dll::i was neat he was selected as first r_ the ,r~sult;/o~ his·ectrly and his He was in of records th~ best may have been to conserve books and r]ading, well r that in gra.mriar wer'e probrlbly of the for a tiffie. and S~ints.) Indians are superinte::dent wo~k included t~ lane Colorci.do colonies ;:ind .:at8r, 1 early crops v:ere est~blis:ied~ the set tler.s had a thresher, scru.pers, a r2a!:er, ctnd rollers r.1aje fro;n heavy so.me non-farm ines, -nd a mo·.-1in3m.:..,chir.e. a· h~y rake '/{ul pieces, crindstone. too, such a..r:ong those ing machine, Years again or repairing later, long only ln the thresher threshing United a few acres away, I ·..! <;j 1-. I _V) -k P. \J ...... --.., ..... . J ...:.Q cane stripping, cutting, on to p:ga::;:,.mthese and Sister and repairs. Despain's spinn- Eco. Ladd' s m?gnet or fixing his needle wife's sew- Urder c :.;mp8 _ny had been dissolved, and e.p.1ipment, for John a small and McLa.ws owned the fee to other farm- an outstanding far:ner, helped antl later h~d his but like all on the co•::munity own g-rden 5 other r.ien during far:n nd fields. the He raised of supply or in for &buquerque, s ilee tening. st~ple New Mexico, Zn tries 1 and ~ith suga_· ~nd other in the the colonists his ·.) r,J ...... the ....J \J sorghum molasses. mol·1sses ~erved }" V ""I: ,. ;': candy ~aking, 1 .... .,.... •l ..[) -..:..__-, hauling '----->He told t:ie sheaves. { I'h~ juice as sweetenin~ greatly of workins .'..lnd pressing e~joyed with for \•1as of the boil~d gener!l by the sorghu::, c;ine ciefended I of corn, in l:1.r~~e vats, purposes in place for and r.ia~ing of the resulting of sugar, and for children. the rea~er in h~rvesting ~he~t I I s::·rn·~,,ed his planting I so far ~ere r:cL~·,vs dL..1ries lhey revealed corn. foods ... -:-t--'t--- with to ti~e) ~aih- so:-ne of 30r[';hum, ;..;.numelons. in Kan3 b, Utah, occupation l. a scraper 31.ere wheat. Order, for clods. loo:-ns, sewin5 from time for which he rented considered source3 upon tne sorghum I'~-t United o·,m home, fielcis community, of wheat, Because the plm/S, ;;..~.::,;1,,~-- ch 9 ir a block u :·; the wheels, repairs tors, V;:;l on the reaper. he x~x·u;:z::r#~ in the colony of the the reel their VicLa.ws was not days Ladci's 0e mending after owned his for fro. he would each resident ers ~eeded Another- he would be fixing surveying; spinning 1.-1howere called One day he would be fixing for t.!"unks t-.; break a s All of these John HcLP..wswas chief ing wheel. tree ti ~nd of binding .~fter the coming of the slow '.vere established. fror.1 Holbrook· he wrote "100 water the Little just for Colorado the for the ciildren of 1880 'was cold skating. qu, li ty :?r"Od'..lce availa ..ble Cn 11 ano t!ler c..n-.i 800 musk :nelo.:1s u at of the recreation He ::iehtioned in which taking \·iin- and ''the occasion a single the time. settlers children on to Obed" That afternoon of July. h~ to dance. winter aad midst 1879 he told anj the was in 1.379 on the Fourth a player, frozen f'nelons participated. he sas 11 he went very ride--this On Christmas .. the L:.=....r:1eciof of Holbrook to.ms ~12 .15 ',vorth of melons. to l·1hom I sold McLaws was in played ·~1he~-soon of· picking in 13.31 the railroad after of a baseball the noon dinner enough to freeze he engP.ged the week it For en entire )":W::Z tr:'.t ,1r.,.. HcLaws game during water mentioned forenoon in target in was cold the the enough practice. river, and to keep A. W. 1:Jalbeck in which The on Feb. the river as a· skatins compan- ion. One of the 1881, thrilling and especially 12 miles that horse, ter pastime for on Christmas has been running ..~riz,::.,nn, last bef sleigh a ·.fr1ile. almost nicht.'' the railroad was to ride the train, "hand after car" the and return. Tab, A co:-.1munity was to ride EcLaws said, was some cele br:1 ting Laws reported My brown pleasant, to Holbrook There experiences cia:r, after tir.!e. For dinner except J. tne <liary: a~d d~y. "r'or the instp.nce noon, nt obt=1.ined in 1j84 and it ~aid ~ight Christmas he rc.1.!:.~-:ith all ..-Ja3 at in 1883 l-1c- . "we had ::orse Gr.J.nt. £•:art in .'.)ecar.1e the _princip~tl win- ::>ast three days C. I took my first Hansen's ra ..ces. ride since the G- slei:.? h ...J to An interestinE \ ··· j .Sctn Francisco t:ie J. recrea~ion~l Sec;miller. :!)eaks, ne3.r Flags-.:u.ff, He .:aaid they{~!Le b5 r.iiles top of the peaks went down-to could diversion the ~est, the south. see hundreds starting HcLaws said of the Church a sµrprise wrote he was in charge by buck:rnard.. on foot They fro~ Mart's party be pL,ced of the surprise performed under were odd jobs in his meeting ttee any s~ecific cateeory. fer but which were imrortant He jobs were like together, build a box to lift salt from the lake or help assecble · the carding and other for the school He soldered at which there the Sunday School~ ai.Aso helping 18, ih886. of July busy career serv- uould m&.nythings living not that ~ithin to put a mowing ~achine to the wagon, tan a calfskin, ~nd then did most of the carpentry hoops on barrels, so :h:::..t the cf clotiing. when he fixed a churn das~er, 11 to 11is ':--12lp ir.. she:..!..ring the machine, in an afternoon house, ,ut pa~s, C. Hanser:.' s h:;1.ir. ~rticles McLaws the reaper. He drew pl~ns In aci.ditior.. and then the general honor. to the pleasant Some of these J. to the ranch, or party, by John HcLaws in his th~ community. "cut and b::::,c\ This was on r-~arch 31, 1886. present. Many of the jobs even B. Hill (!.,,If h? to go to Utah for was held ---- work on it. top of From the top we ing with A. 1,J. Walbeck fittCnd i::'1111a St&pley undep appointment merely J. it "was a grand sight. McLaws waq a me:nber of a "program.me rightly to the by ~-:cLaws, .'.'al beck, was ~reparing conference were 40 persons ~aie of miles." When Bishop J. H. Richards that was the trip ·.,1cr.1encou He could lear~ing .shee_£;, he le·::1r::2c:. to o_::;erate .,~{spin the yarn and muke socks c~rd as much as 40 pounds of wool to use the machine. and I He did his share r~do and to build in helpin; the miles to construct of ditches. ~fuen the piles dam in 1884, tcLaws worked at "trip~ing piles ~ere dtiven anchor ror &t the suggestion the dwn. Forty Ch:::.pter ·on the Eighteen New Year's _..,, for another theatre the §chool to read there 1885, it was decided young ladies. It on New Year's the Declaration Improvement was called The paper were short, rhe n&ture of the entries (See pieces t a meeting in Joseph it lapses, in the Young Hen's serves of the m:rn ir: the which said of the work that until the events that the historian :.i tude well. of t~sks for to the A DVOCATZ. Afril simply I do.'' 9,1895; but they were consistently concerning in December Walbeck was to be editor ·..:ould in:iicate 1 the versatility bed. John l·~cLaws was chosen and account a few short infor~ation that 8 begun June 9 1 1379 ·.-,ith an entry wtth entries in it as an up and writing a newspaper the St. to keep a journal information to serve in tne colony Association. he had~"resolved essential The night." of people they would publish w~ contained driver. the river of Independence fur the young men.and Eunice Many of his the 1885. that faithfully, into 1·~cLaws "hunting The McLaws diary was kept were driven was but a handful and Young ~fomen's gutual be the dditor officials for Years house on July~, Zven though that of the piles to come off He w~s chosen of the railroad I- Colo- were driven t:i.e harr.r!ler" on the pile 1385 was Sfent by Day tne dams in the Little regular and in the comcrunity. he was keepin 6 the record host of all, he perforr:1ed it showed throughout the year::;. To e::1,:,hasize the style ..rd to ci. ve .:::;o::-.ei te:ns of historical as well as .. 0 e.nerul interest, some excery:tf_; (.)re gi v~n: Sept. 8, 18B0 - Could not find our saddle horse this morning. We went off without it. (They were driving ox teams.) About 9 a·.ria. drove to Sunset Crossing where we got our wagons stuck. Broke a chain and the oxen went to get a drink and got in the sand. We was working to get the oxen and wagons out for three hours. Bro. Richards was naked in the water and got his back sunburned which got very sore. We hitched up about 5 p.m. and drove to Rock Station. October 23, 1881 - Went to Holbrook to pieasure of seeing the first passenger the read. The track was laid one-half · Berardo·• s. They are laying trac~at the Berado trading of Holbrook, the Little post or ranch was a mile or two east and was a stopping place River country. Colorado see the cars. Had the train that has come ayer " mile on the wast sidyor rate of 2 miles per day. on his way to Nutrioso~and for years of all Jacob Hamblin Jr. bought some dress of the later persons told site going through of stop~ing goods at Berado's here for his mother. On November s_ 1881, Mclaws wrote arrived at the switch "Went down to be track to the boerding train These items reached r,.,. I /Jcr/t:',·· ·· l diary -;t;r<, - , J... {"·: r ... :y• ! l \ An.\insight \ entr~~s to the sta horses•·< ,.__ · i one mile south of St. and watched them till at Berardo' s 12 miles pinpoint particular points the dates .~ in relation / e; wahad a few wo¢s last not calling The following days noon, and then rode with them and back again_.~"· railroad ----, _"' I he wrot~an "I gave Bro. be obt_~!ned fr~m -ll,f;3r1r...the ; 1 keys ,,.,..\ n'i_ght, and I gave ..~up tending i the ; \ night the had a few words which was the cause of him passing at the office R.R. to the cpmmunities. On July 5 98\wrote: / Joseph." and Pacific on which the transcontinental into -~her.restreint•:iirt~.,.~ich l87i. "The Atlantic h~b~en tendi~hem about f~ months./ '\ 11 ·On August 20 he made e~[iiiitfa.. entry: "last and myself .: mail carrier by tonight and for mail." There may be no occasion appeared 1 to check the significance on June 24, 1881, but a brief entry '~ of a comet which in the journalsaids \ "I saw 1 1M 7 , n I a comet this morning." _,~ .tha'tv'ifaid ·mueh...,,wi'ttt" ·f ew--··wor·crs-can· ·-·· ,r-·~:_:.·~nsig'tit"1~-to the simple -.:" -·-. ___•..,.__. / l 1I \ 1/ ......... .,,... ~........-:-,~'7·!'""•· .,,.., .. .J ... I' } be found in the entry--on··August .•_,...~.,,v,r~ ,,· _ Tank, noon~_or.... ··went from there ,,,,..-,,:~.,. watar'~-d with my h21t." ~-----------Crises paragraphs 4, 1881. , __ ·---~--···· ---- .,._,.,,....-_., when many of the-colonists the diary •• ,,--.-_, •.,,..___ ,~~- ..........,...._---~-- in from other were becoming discouraged of September found it .... , ..... ___ of the community were recorded, which have need of being filled elsewhere, I water. . ..,·,. ____ , we drove to Coon•,-s ._.,.,,,,~-•'·~•"·--· tq ..th-ef Gulch and hunted 1' in the life "Fr9-~.Stlrlset / 14-',_."Cf'I'~ • ~~.-- •. and f '" a-._.' but in brief sources. At a time and considering moving 28, 1881, said: Bro. Snow stopped here last night, end at 9 o'clock a.m.today we had a meeting at which Bro. Snow occupied all the time. He said that if we could find a place where ws could raise whst we wanted in a healthy place, that he would not But he thought it blame us if u,e should move from the river. urould be misdom to still retain a hold on this place and also over tl,e river at Obed." During the winter of 1881 he noted to his own embarrassment, to get some molasses into for the Indians. harrow tooth the tank with an iron between 50 and 75 gallons After to the north pr9duce to serve as~a missionary. in the way of foodstuffs m-ts entry he could suffl~riize a situatio~ should his peopl~~~at baptize all u His interest the plJg having the Hopi Indian in what their in his diary entry ct toldlme country ground would on Octobler to -t..b.~_liopi-.u.i...ll&tJ&s+- 20 miles today through the bast corn fields this country ••• Tha people of this village corn, horses end sheep. F.guess there was bushels of corn in this small village." Another descriptive \t, and at noon Bro. Nielson to go into is rePlected 17, 18 8 2: whi~~hi"s-vi "Traveled we have seen,in are well offf or upwards of 1,000 it I drove the pfug getting had run out on the floor- John Mclaws at one time was called r "I from his briefly: Indian missionary "The old chief seid experiences shows he was willing wished to be. but he end the old men ~ould we t wait for therresent were baptised and see what difference and those there "Had a long talk with They were well pleased ha would inquire into found out for himself. doing so as not to get entry: the leading men, (about 36 ~n number). with out talk, and the olc#.hief said our religion and be baptize~ when he He wanted to understand what he mas his people into trouble." . To-show the wide range of activities, that decorating heads, even beyond those one man may encompass in a busy life, John MclawSP.also built fireplaces, walls a plaster plastered of Paris does not detect his diary, kalsomine. year after enumerated should be said He printed that and used for bills and letter- of songs. year of incidents any spirit of discouragement, that he might wish to return even an indication it walls,prepared wrote AOetry, and sang a wide collection Reading through that that ~ere n6t." The next day he made an additional so far, would be between those or atmosphere recorded, one of 9100111, nor with his family to the plea- sant Utah hOfla they had left. It was his great erriciency, bers or a \ in s°fany competence, end quality, colony that of a whole generation and loyal ability to their survived, lines, and his insistence that med~im one or thtost persisted, valued mem- end became the home and· birthplace or people who remained staunch in their country. on Church an1true ' e _;.-_. ~-' CHAPTER/li Tuba City :The Moenkopi before they made the of Jacob ·prized, settlement the arrest migration He built since of ntn0rous some crude years which 1873, Lee b~came suspicious and he retired claimed the to a still by Jacob Brigham shelters crossing south in 1873 he noted report chief. (100) acres some 35 to 40 acres He also of about acres." 2 see Life that of land. Report author. to Brigham which group of in ferJ:Y were known already at Moehave, and beyond. Oraibi, places He also for hoped Saints. Colorado-bound of the springs and later of Moencuppy be used; there These pioneers there are 4 ~ill through made his are several probably about one Springs, water 11 attention Jacob the al:couple a spot oases for crossing ferry the Little might to the a spring Hamblin called fact that Young, "Tuba himself Moencuppy and is with farming a party about 15 by any of the authors. 1873. Letter file 1 ?•~----,f/:.t~•,:•.,.,t·- missionary at Moenave, Colorado of the led his ferry the at desert Indians south. the Ib id. ·3 the ot were highly some of them as watering the neighborhood land of 25 is occupying 3 1 called area a crossing to the operating 4 of which are worthy of consideration. only (. place to use the benefit "In ,,,.. whereabouts the number and size to his hundred his to the Little D. Haight When Horton : aware of the expected to prepare Saints After 2 and expected for the direction in 1871 he was counseled of t.eh large· Haight that Young was well there years and a number of in the and established name. arid Tuba-Moenkopi, grow crops (Faria) more secret Hamblin. migration in 1858, springs Latter-day become known by his included under from ~S,marshals to the mouth of the Pahreah expected has "Town Indians" The various When John D. Lee fled to retire Missionaries several men were anxious to acquire them, though~the 1 · . . /.. / ·: -; : ,. _ ·/ 9 o _ ~/) them up. - ;, ·.' : '" ·-·· · of giving ~v1>•~t:• known to the Mormons for at Tuba. following. and the white had no idea / was well lf.amblin had visited in the years tim~s .,'>/ area and Moencopi +ll~('.,.. Ga:t. Has been typ~d by the to r I I The.-Ma::t: 6lu:: expecH.Eton·~co1T~mi .,I-' ( I I ' i,, negative I"", . ~~Pre;id~nt his reports ,t - ., interest:· a source ' of the prospects •·•. Young di_d not give in Moenkopi the claims however, the killing southern that of three Utah, refused they and half incorrectly for that interest Indians of Indians resulted Colorado himself enlarged frontiersmen. as a most difficult trip, winter headquarters. place, and that After made plans looking to erect the place his the only 4 husband 5 Giant build around for about concluded in letter of tbeLord; original with was not file~ H9C diaries spark of the of of selecting arrival the Young a:._number of tried and of Brown and was travelworn place after to esaablish that this was the house. chose a suitable was exactly I is. reminded that ~-- She weighed a very fall survey NO BABIES. a suitable journal she had and she would have report adding None of the party this In the the the privilege or station her husband. of twenty-two Mission. he was impressed in his and his Brown to make another a day or two they the buildingo When Brigham of a posse to choose they each of the and Blythe The party for a fort a4d Brown explains bad but Blythe 3, 1875. and was looking lady who was asked against s. of~ in Blythe, Lake and rekindled James that with up the Arizona at Tuba begins Brown said of a fourth or cows for reprisals, him and was instructed he should and later Brown was given on December It was an unfortuante to the Mormons. horses the group Brown had chosen, 5 dozen companions out. the protection given in sending The Monnon settlement ( nor of missionar~es the wounded member. w~nt to Salt country. men who would go with Hamblin, threatened \ which the Little Scotch there, and possibly force and the wounding many for But Brigham Young had not with Colorado. were in an ugly mood because one hundred to the ferry under \ 4 to bringthem to safety. of 1875 a party a small attributed Jacob retreated . with tribesmen with the demand the men sent his to colonize and way station, in the area of their which tribesmen proven place was sent as the Navajos made derruands on the church ( on the Little determination the Monnons had staked In confrontations party up his colonization of supplies. to !'hold" slain for as watering In 1874 John L. Blythe time, tlta=::1llbteber.r;:r;atttrn~~-~-g,g- useful to do with his site satisfied hi.rn of the good qualities exercise as he was him. Also W. H. Solomon diaries of James S. Brown. and •. I I The spot springo" selected The design walls, to be built for fort of the house of stoneo There would be one outside .port the Colorado three four was 20 X 40 feet, above 12 feet The room would be partitioned door and 4 small he left of his (8 x 10 inch) the high to the near the windows weeks later they weather so cold had been for schedule. March 10 to report to work on the fort. found set were behind men witl-{ him on the exploration the rest the tiindow frame the foundations one room with to Pres. and he reports our stone house, center. and 12 though formed that they had made a water quite a reservoir, and on hand. The and they 187 6 to time the work progressed {provided) and very to the building 3 miles satis- chilly, a good shelter 6 winter ditch laid successfully wind was cold together." Thei,r work was not limited dam which "the in our absence us and we had a time of rejoicing that stone returned had been material to lay up the· .Little explorers of the house Young and in that that completed ''We found When the considerable they were unable trip Brown was gone from Tuba from January}_!, factorily long for of the as well fort. as built and they had commenced to grub a and plow wheat." If to store they were to irrigate sater, That tion as it as the Tuba City Young that disputed at least this Brown understood of some ia.stances and help Another Sunset Colorado ~Ibid. Ibid. position the Indian act which was the Brown called they period hoped from a letter of coloniza- hurried back geographically certain he carried colonies. his to plant. between from Brigham Lot Smith from the new colonies· to pursue door. his goal His <liar ies of the missionaries tell to remain Missiono suggests fact would be necessary to the confrontation coming in from ..Utah passed in which he "called" with the acres of the Arizona and Brown in anger 7 to build up Tubao it in the early partly, claim as the new pioneers a few acres supply became as important He was in an excellent S~ith's would not he was to be in charge and endeavored there more than springs did may be due, Brown and Lot Smith. Little on the hill holes. : Taking for was "just that rivalry within a meeting between Brown's a few days of his of his missionaries Tuba City return and Lot from the to discuss ~he The spot spring,." walls, The design to be built There port selected for the fort of the house of stone. would be one outside Colorado three four was 20 X 40 feet, -he left weeks later they so cold had been were behind for schedule. March 10 to report to work on the found weather (8 x 10 inch) the high to the near the windows the foundations one room with our stone house,· center. and 12 that completed though they dam which formed "the that on hand. had made a water quite a reservoir, ditch 1876 to and very to the building 3 miles. and they The and they long satis- chilly, a good shelter 6 winter and the work progressed (provided) together." limited time laid successfully wind was cold in our absence work was not that stone returned had been material to lay up the~ .Little explorers of the house Young and in that us and we had a time of rejoicing "We found When the considerable they were unable to Pres. and he reports Their fort. trip Brown was gone from Tuba from Januaryll, factorily for of the as well fort. as built had commenced to grub a and plow wheat." If to store they were to irrigate water, That as it as the Tuba City Young that disputed more than springs would not did may be due, at least this claim and endeavored 7 up Tuba. He was in an excellent as the new pioneers of some instances coming in which and help with the Another act which 1>mith 1 s Sunset Colorado ;Ibid. Ibid. was the position early they period from a letter he carried hurried back geographically between from Brigham Lot Smith from the new colonies to pursue he "called" of the missionaries certain to plant. of coloniza- confrontation colonies. hoped his door. his His diaries goal tell to remain Missiono suggests Brown called acres would be necessary in from Utah passed Indian fact it to the of the Arizona and Brown in anger to build the in the partly, Brown understood he was to be in charge a few acres supply became as important Brown and Lot Smith. Little 12 feet men with_ him on the exploration the rest set there above The. room would be partitioned door and 4 small of his the window frame tion on the hill holes. Taking for was ''just that rivalry within a meeting between a few days of his Brown's of his missionaries Tuba City return and Lot from the to discuss the advisability agreed of making a number of "claims" ith H brethren the That fact idea chosen Tuba, claims were staked (northwest) that the Hopi Indian permission chief, the who was promised Indians the whites. The Mormons would provide dams and ditches laud as one of the p~rposes was to convert Indians and flooded some of the excitement loss among the Indians good. might but not It was found . the hard manual working for of Mormon desire The situation settlers they first discovered 8 9 felt ways ~his were too //··) I' ' µ./ I tried was similar to bring the Indian would.~ with necessary sounded like to Arizona 7;~ ,-,..·C.-c in March, that to make the did not please the Mormons. fencing, to hard ~ork the this to a better into 8 settlers plowing do and plant- and were unwilling much resentment likely was great Mormon civilization the land, India~s there 1877, "profits" in the other the This the Mormon settlers the caused the Hopis farming. to let accustomed is more than to help along plows and scrapers for from would be named privileges were willing such as clearing It the place Brown relates This Indians This that colonists~ to accept the harvest. colonists. by the "losses." were not eight .12.... " ... who expected that.the labor The Indians the price the was about of the Mormons going ~, farms, They were willing bring, ing. Indian the by at Tuba was secured horses, a good arrangement When one of the dams built indicated chosen would have farming and plow the and is The place to settle and that the of the e igb t_ settlement. in his~;;honor to build chairman noticeably out. Ballenger's is reported The brethren the claims. the group .bad already.increased below It and Se tb ,_Tanner was appointed to locate twenty-three miles on the river. B- to pay among the hard- was the cause of the cooling life. colonies the help where colony but to himself. the good natured gave up when 9 Ibid •. Like the coin there are always t·wo sides to most things o Tbe Indian the country ·was his and if let alo.12 he could continue in his ance-stral without the white man's help. If the white man came and took some of land what ...;ms he to get out of it? . It seems he did no t get much. There incidents and an alarm or two in the course of this not · E-~, appy f}_ Ii oJL ,_t,.\ f::.f--' Brown. tells of a conversation showed bow differently mons. The chief roads, and to teach scarce.~in the Indians was happy the our country Apparently explosion vJas at \ 1 viewed things Indian for better ways. our numerous people Indiand:hiefs as compared which with the Mor- among them to build But, flocks be said, "The water is people, and and increasing to build houses, any more houses by the springs. by you as friends." the ,;vise old of either first one TJt'the to have the settlers our good men do not want your But we want to live with chief man or beast. a concern to the vJanted to forestall any population The ever-increasing Indians, and later numbers a cause of whites of growing resent- ment. Tuba City, being located available to the Navajos, mission. Here for tried hard but~ Christian Lingo colonies to live p'\rom between supplies of wool for A factory was connnenced. continued. chief Since spinning Tuba and bis wife it both industry and Navajos the machines is not known the extent In any case Men like of the 10 vJork. fall of 1875, it served repairs, and a source. station to and from Utah. at Tuba was made by John had many sheep, there would and weaving. to accommodate It men who brethren. to their for minor ferry, an important the Hopis the Mormon Indian It was used a:=_s a half-way and the readily one or another in the a place for Lamanite they would be closer settlement and also and devoted to leave on occasion. to build W. Young in 1879. among their station, settlements An attempt dedicated were called as a rest the river be plenty ~F@gb2ss time or~Bro,;m's needed headquarters were located su..cces5 in Tuba where a usefuJ+,purpose of badly little Christensen the the Hopi villages was a natural a decade w,Th. so near proved was constructed of this a failure, who had witnessed work or why it much to the this and spinning work-saving was dis- disappointment marvel of in Utah's .. 1 an d • ll D 1.x1.e lOLot Smith lodged a protest \vith church headquarters when Christian Lingo Christensen was called from Stmset to Tuba. He seemed to be the only man in Sunset vJho spoke the Indian languages well. Lot Smith letter file CHO. 11 McClintock, page 158-159. . Tuba City, Little first Colorado Snowflake Stake Stake. more, teli special 7 of Stake occasions. the affair frequently into raids· ~i:JJ.eil.i as in the early tinual pressure ~stration,_ dis\~~tion ·. · .· 12 pepple. bishop's tribes, gf Stiri~~LThe ness dealings trial the Mormon settlers with the of Bishop Brinkerhoff N. Smith, problem surely to get colonists number of at Tuba came to light in a to Tuba with the abandonment as a result were adjudged stake see fit event the whole factual was the uneasy being a given dispossessed unfair president. of busi- feeling to Lot and the to take of Lot's story. lands Jesse f~ed continued N. up to -P,~~~ ,-- among the of their by Smith who President Lot Smith became embroiled who did not of the unfortunate impossible admin- the amount of was made by Al.L. Farnsworth In 1892 controversial ~aunts Bureau momen·ts of the normal with of the quarrels was no more acceptable 13 time of Lot's death. Indians In the 1890s the-con- of the times, judgment some local of Indian Smith. the case co Jesse Smith's moments from the area. and unfortunate the diaries had its of warnings by the Indian of Lot Smith who had moved ·complaint The findings appealed abetted trip. Tuba City materialized. was more than would be thought court John and ward officer, and pleasure settlements, 1870s which never most sensational bishop and took a week or the stake vacation frontier If one can trust Perhaps N. Smith, of the to Tuba at the time of ward conferences, accompanied There were some exciting own making. Jesse "'fiest1a1~1zenwww. Brown tells pushed of the and then became part President an enjoyable of the Indian finally was a part This was a long trip Like most of the other of excitement_ life of the visits but young people and turned then as ward, i 3/\short during Journals Bushman and others and on other as b}t!cth~ death the case differ Certainly Indians in a quarrel that with to a Mormon court. so much it one element is quite in the they were slowly by the encroaching but whites. 1dpne wonders what the cause of such a situation would be. Could it be that many of these people had been uprooted from their homes by a "call" to go into an uninviting country against their will with resulting frustrations and antagonisms? It seems to this writer that inability to get along together was unquestionably the major cause of the breakup in Sunset and played a major role in Tuba. 13 Minutes of the proceedings are in the Lot Smith collection in U. of A.· in Tucson and letter file Glffh. tf DC:.,. The Mormon community in Tuba had been augmented by Lot Smith and two or three others who left the failing In 1886 Tuba's 1890 i.t bad risen peak of 305. of his Little several death years occurred eighties as by a few settlements. in 1893 it later at late as well was 156; in 1889 it .Mormon population Smith's families, Colorado to 286 and three in the the peak of this was 229; in had reached greatest its Mormon population. In. 1900 the count The nervous Morm9ns. into Indians retaliated It field that the had killed Indians a friend to make room for of the area. than the After Indians his decided and to give Through much of its existence is not death, ':f:.t 0 1 sheep The certain there who to argue. acknowledging that to crowd the Mormon settlers the government squatters•~rights much negotiation$~ 1903 all It Lot was not 14 than an enemy. By late improvements. cows. about Government of Indian a nt.nnber of them. first. were sorry The Mormons had only protest. the some of Lot's rather a mood as the came as a result aaid Lot shot In 1900 the Federal out in as quarrelsome where Lot killed by shooting The Indians appears were probably of the killing Lot Smith's first. they Indians The triggering getting shot was down to 149. complete and could cl c'J the Mormon residents do no more · was appropriated control to pay for had moved to other localities.· of Joseph In 1888 Joseph City. 18-93 when Joseph City Tuba City building, irrigate. losses its land While not City's and plant the first courageous attempt to convert in this was not methods redeemed and lack in a year 14 s or a decade 'ee CHapter /1 Arizona crops distinction of iliong-term , t, es that 156; in . communt-µ.s.s to complete and to build a dam and ditches to loee ·a dam they had experience The supreme largely exceeded was 138, Tuba's population of these too. failed population had 116, Tuba had 305; in 1900 each had 149. was the first to clear Tuba City's to which Tuba should the Indians due to lack patience~ and.do t- . . be entitled them good. of an honest The Indian or even in a life of The '-fii],-,;u ...,-;.,e.. .1..R-:pr.0;~. ,, desire, tribes time. with i/ were not This required I to I dam I was That but a I they to their to be infi- . ·, , '. nite patience--much more than McClintock 21 families, says and about of the families the short tempered possessed. in 1900 Moen Gopie (Tuba City) ward embraced 15 150 souls. P. T. Reilly has supplied the names that who received,~ompensation showing the amounts Mormon pioneers \ they received for from the government. their holdings, here is Without the list 16 I. : Nettie Allen William J. Hunt §iisaii''·c. ~:Foi.i:'tz : Ema.",E.can:d~)Joseph L. Foutz Henry W. Despain Lydia A. and David Brinkerhoff Levi and Susanna Heward Stephen L. and Lydia Heward Hiram Lyons Ashton and Lucy Nebeker James and Gracie Allen Reuben E. and Ida M. Powell Fredrick and Ann E. Tanner Seth B. and Annie M. Tanner John and Julia Tanner Joseph B. and Nora A. Tanner Alfred B. and Tempey Randall Charles H. Algert Josep~ H. Lee Sr. Older At least flake five residents of Joseph City will lived in Joseph ·city, and others Stake. 15 16 Page 160. secured from National Eecognize Archives. lived many of these in wards8of families. the Snow-