Pharmic-Ute: Vol.IX, No.2 - Winter 1957

Articles published by the student branch of the American Pharmaceutical Association at the University of Utah, College of Pharmacy.

BEST WISHES TO THE STUDENTS AND FACULTY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF UTAH, COLLEGE OF PHARMACY - FIVE STORES TO SERVE YOU - 24 East Ninth South 452 East Second South 3390 South State 750 East Twenty-first South 4886 South State SALT LAKE CITY UTAH THE PHARMIC UTE PUBLISHED BY THE STUDENT BRANCH OF THE AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION AT THE UNIVERSITY OF UTAH , COLLEGE OF PHARMACY Student Editor - - - HAROLD LISH Associate Editor - - - JEAN ALLRED Business Manager - - - GLENN PRISK Faculty Advisor - - - - - - - - DR. E. A. SwINYARD Photographer - - - RALPH SCHULTZ KEITH MACDONALD VOLUME IX NUMBER 2 WINTER 1957 Ten Years of Progress ______ _________ _ 1 Parke Davis Night ______________ __ ________ 3 First Prize Winner _________ ______ _______ 5 Pharmaceutical Legislation and Narcotics --------- -- ---- ----- -- ----- - 5 Happy Birthday ------------------------- -- - 6 Rho Chi ---------------- ---- ------ -- -------------- 9 Ladies Auxiliary ____________________________ l l Origins of the Metric System ___ _12 Research Papers _____ _____ ___ __________ _____ 15 The following firms listed below are those giving this publication its fina ncial support. Grand Central Drug --------------- ----__________ ___ __ ________ Jnside Front Cover Prescription Center ------------------------ 4 B & H Drug ------------------------------------ 8 Heinz Apothecary __ _______ _____________ __ __ l 0 Z. C. M. I. Wholesale Distributors _____ __ ___ ______ Back Cover McKesson & Robbins _____ ____ ____ ___ __ __ _________________________ Jnside Back Cover Ten Years of Progress The last ten years have been years of rapid progress for the University of Utah College of Pharmacy. Much of the credit for this progress must be attributed to Dean L. David Hiner. In June of 1947, Dr. L. David Hiner, who at that time was a professor of pharmacy at Ohio State University, was appointed Dean of the College of Pharmacy at the University of Utah by President A. Ray Olpin. The new Dean and his family arrived in Salt Lake City in July of 1947. Immediately he began to plan and prepare the foundation for the college of pharmacy. The Dean donned a pair of overalls, acted as his own architect, and together with Mrs. Hiner, and some extra help, got some semblance of rooms on the second and third floors of the old gymnasium. Today, without a doubt, he has one of the most attractive colleges on the campus. Every room is scientifically decorated in colors and fixtures, and the equipment used by stuednts rates second to none. The following is a caption taken from the student branch scrap book which adequately depicts the early history of the college of pharmacy: "The Pharmacy School is located in the Gymnasium Building. The third story, which now houses the school, was formerly used as storage rooms and as off ice space for the various persons connected with nursing on the campus. It was one of the darkest, dreariest places one could be in, and then Dean Hiner took over; ( Continued next page) Cover Picture The College of Pharmacy Birthday Party was the scene of the presentation of a silver platter to Dean L. David Hiner in commemoration of ten years of progress. 2 THE PHARMIC UTE w hole partitions were knocked out, windows cut and an all over face lifting. " Those who were enrolled in the school during the first year love to t ell how they roughed it in the labo,., r atories; how the first lab benches w ere tables which didn't stand steady. They like to tell about wait,., ing in line to use one of the two balances available, and how they had to wash the bottles from the previous lab in order to have enough to hand in their products. " That type of lab is a far cry from the well equipped, clean, modern lab s which we now enjoy. Ours is the most beautiful and well,.,planned school on the campus . Where else can you find a lobby the students are free to u se at any time which boasts a piano and wonderful paint,., ings, such s potless work benches, a nd so much good will among the fellow s tudents?" However the success of a college lies not only in a building itself, but in the caliber of the men instructing a nd guiding the students to their ultimate endpoint in pharmacy train,., ing. Dean Hiner during the past ten y ear s has employed in the college of pharmacy some of the most out,., standing instructors in their specific field s. For instance lets review the pr esent staff teaching at the college, a nd we should bqJin with non other t han our beloved Dean , Dr. L. David Hiner- Dean of the College of Phar,., macy and Professor of Pharmacog,., n osy . Dean Hiner' s interest in phar,., macy dates to the time when he was a small boy who roamed the Dakota Prairies with an Indian medicine man, " Jumpin ' Thunder. " From his experience with " Jumpin' Thunder" a nd his bag of herbs and other medi,., cines, he w rote a prize-winning high school essay, " Indian Remedies. " The essay attracted the attention of South Dakota State 's dean of phar,., macy, w ho asked him to consider ph armacy a s his vocation. Since th at time he h as r eceived a Ph .C. , B.S. and Ph.D. degrees and has taught at South Dakota State, University of Florida , Rutgers, and Ohio State College. He is affiliated with Sigma Xi , honorary science fra ternity, Rho Chi, honorary pharmaceutical fraternity, and is a member of the A .Ph.A. and The U.Ph.A. Dr. Ewart A. Swinyard, Utah born and raised , received a B.S. degree in Pharmacy from Idaho Sta te College where he was a member of the staff for eleven years before coming back to Utah, and an M.S. in Pharmacology from the University of Minnesota. He wa s the recipient of the first Ph.D . degree awarded by the University of Utah in the field of Pharmacology. Dr. Swinyard is a member of the A.Ph.A ., U .Ph .A ., the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sigma Xi , Phi Delta Chi. and many other outstanding Pharmacy organizations. Dr. George E . O sborne is a native Hoosier, hailing from Roches ter, Indiana. He w a s gra duated fro m Purdue University in 1939. He was ca lled to the United States N aval Academy at A n napolis in 1942. He served in the camp ai gns of Gu a dalcanal, Attu , Sa ipa n , and Iwo Jima. Following hi s release from the service, he accepted the position of instructor of Pharmacy a t the University of Kansas . He left Kansas in 1946 to go to Purdu e. He completed his Doctor of P hilosophy in June 1949 and came to the University of Utah in July 1949. D r. Robert C. Mason began his under graduate studies in engineering at the University of Utah in 1946 after hi s release from the U. S . Air Force. But after a y ear, he decided that his future was in Pharmacy. He graduated in Pharmacy in 1950, after which he completed his Ph.D. in pharmaceutical chemistry at the University of Wisconsin. He has been a member of the s taff since July 1954. During the pas t ten y ears, the college of pharmacy h as produced 3 THE PHARMIC UTE many outstanding scholars, but perhaps heading the list is Joseph Hal,... gren who holds one of the University o f Utah's top scholastic averagesstraight A during his 4 years in pharmacy school. Joe is currently studying medicine and I am sure he will be a credit to that profession as he is to pharmacy. One of the most active and largest student organizations within the college at the university is the Student Branch of the A.Ph.A The student branch was organized in the Fall of 1948 and elected Mr. John West as its first President. During the past nine years, the branch has followed an almost identical schedule of events in which the students have participated. The first function during the year is the pep rally in which students pledge their membership into the branch. The first class to reach 100 % membership is awarded a trophy upon which their title is inscribed. This year the Senior class was awarded the trophy. The next function of the year is National Pharmacy Week. This week entails wi ndow display competition which is nation wide, and a Founder's Day Dinner in honor of the foundation of the A.Ph .A. This year, I am pro ud to say, under the direction of Jim Francis, Gerald Thompson, and Pat Hurley, The University of Utah college of Pharmacy was awarded first place in the nation for their entry. Toward the end of fall quarter, t he students hold their annual Christmas Party. As a gesture of good w ill, s tudents bring gifts to this party and they are in turn presented t o the needy children , and families. The last two major functions of t he year are the student convention a nd spring formal. During the conv ention, students present papers in va rious sections , and as a highlight to the day's activities the annual spring formal is held at night at w hich time the new student branch officers are presented to the group . There are many other activities the students participate in during the year-the monthly meetings, home,. . coming, snow carnival, W.R.A. carnival, and the national Student Pharmacy convention. Overall, much credit is to be given to the College of Pharmacy for its rapid progress and many accomplish,. . ments in the last ten years. Parke Davis Night by Joan Pascoe On January 15, the A .Ph.A . members and their wives went on a colorful tour of pharmacy beginning with the caveman's early contributions and continuing to the present. The tour was sponsored by Parke Davis Company; the medium of transportation was Parke Davis ' artistic series of slides depicting the history of pharmacy. Mr. Walter Boyden guided the tour. He also explained to the group the time and research involved in the production of the original series of forty paintings. Twenty- five thousand miles were traversed in seeking authentic costumes and settings during the eight years required to complete the series. Many of the scenes were painted in their original settings by the talented artist, Mr. Robert Thom . If any of you would like a set of the series you can obtain them by writing to M r. George Bender, Parke Davis Company, Detr oit, Michigan. The meeting was called to order by President Dale Bain an d the guests present were introduced as follows: Dean and Mrs. L. David Hiner, Dr. and Mrs . Ewart A. Swinyard, Dr. and M rs. Robert Mason, and Dr. and Mrs. Milton P. Matthews. Dr. Swinyard reported that the A.Ph.A . budget has a balance of $349.06. John Parodi , Chairman of the Spring Formal, brought up the question of w h ether the formal ( Continued on page 5) f) R E s C R I f) CE~TER I 0 ~ Filling Prescriptions ls Our Business PRESCRIPTION CENTER Prescription Specialists EX 3-84 36 360 - 24th Street OGDEN, UTAH THE PHARMIC UTE Parke Davis Night ( Continued fr:om page 3) should be held in the new Union Building or the Hotel Utah. The convention, with Mas Fujii and Keith MacDonald as co-chairmen, is presently scheduled to be held at the Hotel Utah, May 17. The lucky winners of the door prizes ( each a pint of vanilla) were Don Myers, Jeanne Garne, and Mrs . Mason. The agreement was that each would make a cake and let us sample the vanilla. WHERE ARE THE CAKES? The ladies auxiliary served french pastries, coffee, and hot chocolate which were furnished by Parke Davis and enjoyed by all. Everyone went home healthier and happier with his sample of ABDEC. First -Prize Winner by Jerry Thompson I think it may be said, without reservation, that this has been an outstanding year for the Utah College of Pharmacy. Of course, the year is by no means over yet and perhaps, it may sound as though we' re giving ourselves a premature pat on the back; this certainly is not the intent. But, I heard a thought the other day I'd like to pass on to you: Give credit when credit is due. Our success this year has, indeed , been gratifying and we owe it to a number of things. First, speaking as unbiased as I can after four years in the college, we have a fine , conscientious senior class, academically and in extracurricular activities. Second, the seniors can't relax for a moment because they're being hard pressed by the juniors, sophomores and even the freshman. When we have a student body like that it makes it easy for your officers to find people to really do a job. Here's a typical example of the kind of effort and cooperation that has helped to make this year out- 5 standing. Last fall your officers called on James Francis to act a s chairman of National Pharmacy Week October 7 -13th. Jim readily accepted and, in turn, asked Jerry Thompson and Pat Hurley to help him. The committee of three spent hours working on ideas, planning , organizing and gathering equipment. After 36 man hours of work in setting up, the 1957 edition of our Pharmacy Week window display was unveiled. The result: the best Pharmacy Week display in the history of our school evidenced by the fact that it was awarded first place in the nation in Public Exhibit Division ; which in itself is of special significance because this is the larg est area of competition. This is th e first time this first place honor has come to Utah in six years of national competition. In appreciation for a job well done Jim was chosen to represent us in the coming national A.Ph.A. convention in New York where he will personally accept the first place plaque for the U of U College of Pharmacy. A vote of thanks Pharmacy Week committee and all those who are helping to make this year a successful one. Pharmaceutical Legislation and Narcotics by Harold Lish The new Student Union Building was the setting for a discussion on Pharmaceutical legislation and Narcotics on the evening of February 12, 1957. The featured speakers fo r the evening were Charles Welch, an attorney who has in the past represented the APhA in the Utah legislature, and Leonard S. Lang, a Narcotic agent of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics , Salt Lake City office. Mr. Welch, chairman of the Business Regulation Committee in t he ( Continued on next page) 6 THE PHARMIC UTE House of Representatives, presented views on current legislation related to Pharmacy. Included were House Bills 100 and 139. Bill 100 deals with laws governing requirements for internship. The bill would make the requirements more rigid. · House Bill 139 deals with the clarification of the regulation of Pharmacy by the State Board of Pharmacy in con,.., junction with the Food and Drug Laws of Utah. The bill is coordi,.., nated with the Department of Agri,.., culture Bill and is intended to bring about better enforcement of the Food and Drug laws in Utah. Mr. Lang, who represents the area including Utah, Idaho, and Wyom . . ing, gave an insight into the functions of his office and advised the group as to the proper methods of narcotic control here in Utah. He pointed out that although there is no narcotic problem in Utah at the present, proper handling of narcotics is of utmost importance. In addition to these guest speakers, some current business of the Student Branch of the APhA was attended to. John Parodi reported on the progress of the organization of the Spring Formal. James Francis and Kent Vincent were elected to represent the college of Pharmacy in the coming National APhA Convention in New York. Jim will also accept the plaque for the First place award won by the College in the National Public Exhibit contest. After the business was over, the Ladies' Auxiliary served pastry and punch. Everyone in attendance had an enjoyable time and went home with a better knowledge of present Pharmaceutical legislation and narcotic control. Happy Birthday by James Francis The University of Utah College of Pharmacy celebrated a decade of existence and progress with its tenth annual Birthday Party on February 27. 1957 in the newly con,.. structed student union building. Typical of a birthday, the college was humming many days prior. There were labs to clean , shelves to dust, people to meet and all sorts of stuff. Exams were shifted to avoid any conflict with the party, and the beginning of each class was heralded by a ticket sale. Gradually, as the big day rolled nearer, we got the idea that maybe this was going to be something special. One of the highlights in prepara~ tion for the party, and the subse,. , quent open house, was the completion of the new UTE APOTHE,.. CARY in the Student Union. As a symbol of service and professional,.., ism, each and every pharmacy stu-dent should feel highly complimented to be a part of it. Registration began early and end-ed late with many from the college and state association crowding in a t the last minute so as to hear the opening address by A. Ray Olpin, University of Utah President. Dale Bain and Mrs. Gerald (Fonda) Thompson represented the student branch and ladies auxiliary, respectively. Mrs. Thompson's ad,. , dress was one of appreciation fo r the many opportunities for service they are able to render. Fonda's closing plea was an invitation to all wives to participate in their function s and thus gain a greater insight into the profession their husbands have chosen. Dale presented in capsule form the year's highlights and th e progress the Student Branch has made in the development of the pharmacy student. Before Dale slips into the oblivion of "Past Presi-dents" he deserves a well earned commendation for his efforts and the drive that have pushed our student branch forward . Good luck in th e future , Dale. A point of interest and great con,.., cern was aroused during the closing remarks of Mr. Lee Prisk, who gave a run . . down on the legislative measures now under consideration. Brief 7 THE PHARMIC UTE Guests at the head table a t the College of Pha rmacy Bi rthda y Pa rty. mention was made of Bill 217. Bill 217 is a bill permitting men, regis-tered in neighboring states ei ther as registered pharmacists or " assistant pharmacists" and who have been residents of Utah since 1929 to apply for registration in this state. If ac-cepted, they will, upon passing an " examination", become registered pharmacists on a par with t hose graduating from our college today! Unfortunately this bill has now passed both the house and senate and awaits the signature of the Gov-ernor. As the bill reads there is no assurance that these men will be required to take the same exacting examination required of those who graduate now. Recognition of the necessity of increasing the academic requirements of registered pharma-cists has been evidenced by the fact that we have progressed from a two-year, then three-year, and now a four-year college requirement. Some states have gone to a six year pro-gram. In the face of this it would now seem that we are traveling backwards. At the conclusion of the morning session . Z.C.M.I. Wholesale Drug was host to a swanky luncheon in th e Panorama Room. D r. G. E. O sborne, Misses Darla Young and Leni Teshima provided an enjoyable program of music, song and dance. T he afternoon session was presid-ed over by Mr. J. M. Giovacchini, P resident of the Utah Branch of the A merican P harmaceutical Associa-tion. Informative presentations were given by Mr. Tom Marshall, Presi-dent of Hospital Pharmacists, Dr. Ewart Swinyard of the college, and D r. Newell Stewart of the National P harmaceutical Council whose timely paper (to the seniors at least) " Are You Ready?" came as a welcome and up-to--date survey of our future as pharmacists. An open house was held immediately following the afternoon session and gave ample time for many to see the UTE APOTHECARY an d also visit the college. In the evening students, pharmacists and companions gathered for the final session ( and big feast ) in the Panorama Room. So many things happened so quickly that the only alternative one had was to t hrow ( Continued on page 9) 8. THE PHARMIC UTE B & H Pharmacy Utah County's Largest Prescription Department 15th Anniversary 15 years of • Free Delivery • Free Baby Scale Service • Crutch Rental Service • Oxygen Service to Homes • Reliable Prescription Service 4 Registered Pharmacists to serve you, Robert L. Bushman, Owner and Manager T. V. (Tom) Maloney Russell Storrs Alan Creer 286 West Center PROVO,UTAH 9 THE PHARMIC UTE Happy Birthday (Continued from page 7) the program away and stop trying to out-guess Dean Hiner as Master of Ceremonies. We were very fortunate in having a number of distinguished guests; probably more in one gathering than any college has had. Beginning with those all too of ten forgotten men, the past presidents of the A. Ph. A., Dr. Newell Stewart (1955), Mr. J. B. Heinz of Salt Lake City ( 1956) and John McCartney ( 1957). Many achievements could be recalled of these men both while in office and afterwards. Their vitality and continued devotion to pharmacy are qualities strengthening to others. The Honorable George D. Clyde, Governor of Utah, was in attendance and commended pharmacy for its contri-bution in safeguarding the public. One of the outstanding features of the evening was the presentation of a charter membership to the Utah Branch ( not U. Ph. A.) of the American Pharmaceutical Association. This is the first time in the history of our state that such a branch has been established and marks a significant step forward in our goal of organized pharmacy. Mr. J. M. Giovacchini, President, received the charter from Mr. John McCartney, National President. Mr. McCartney was the concluding speaker and delivered a splendid talk on the A. Ph . A. He expressed the conviction of many that the training of our future pharmacists must start in the junior years of high school. Today there are only 25 % of the high schools that offer courses in the sciences. To be effective, these courses must not only be available in all schools but must be required courses, said Mr. McCartney. When one considers all that we were exposed to and the valuable experiences gained from our association together on this day, one must feel that the passing of this birthday was a big success. May our college see many more marked with the same progressiveness and foresight that have brought us so far in so little time. Rho Chi by Lincoln Chin and James Price Rho Chi, the national pharmacy honorary society was organized about thirty-five years ago for the purpose of stimulating scholarship and research in pharmacy. The University of Utah chapter of the society, Beta Epsilon, was chartered April 18, 1955. Since this date, the Beta Epsilon chapter has initiated 26 candidates into Rho Chi, in recognition of their scholastic achievement. In addition, the chapter has instituted the annual Leather Medal Award, which serves to acknowledge the senior student who has made the greatest scholastic improvement since his freshman year. This award is made each year during the spring initiation of new members. To promote intellectualism and scientific knowledge and to stimulate scholarly and academic thinking, the local chapter is sponsoring an annual Rho Chi Lecture Series which was initiated this year. Each year, a speaker who is an authority in his field of endeavor will be invited to address the student body and faculty of the College of Pharmacy. Since it is the purpose of this lecture series to provide a broadening experience to its audience, the topics are to be of general interest, and may or may not be related to the field of pharmacy. They will be of a scientific or academic nature. The first lecture of this series was presented on the evening of March 14, at the Student Union Building . The APhA generously relinquished one of its scheduled meetings for this lecture. The first lecturer was Dean L. David Hiner, who is a prominent educator and one of the outstanding men in the field of pharmacognosy. The topic of his lecture was " The Importance of Proper Attitude." 10 THE PHARMIC UTE CONGRATULATIONS, To the members of the Class of 1957. Upon completing your formal studies and Graduation, You are accepting the Mantle of Professional responsibility which your Degree carries with it. Utah and the Nation's Pharmacists welcome you to our files-Our entire Health team needs your YOUTH, AMBITIONS and KNOW HOW -Because of your fine training, We have every reason to expect from you, the VERY BEST. Won't you please Dedicate yourselves to the betterment of our HEALTH STANDARDS _and to the constant improvement of our PROFESSION. We wish each of you Happiness and Success. DOWNTOWN : 508 EAST SOUTH TEMPLE SUGARHOUSE : 2118 SOUTH 13TH EAST • PHONE Elgin 9-8607 PHONE HUnter 4 -5227 SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH • THE PHARMIC UTE 11 Students in attendance at the College of Pharmacy Birthday Party. Ladies' Auxiliary by Jerry Callus The annual Christmas party of the Student Branch APhA Au xiliary w as held on Thursday evening, De-cember 13. at the home of Mrs. Marilyn Tanner. The group spent an enjoyable evening playing games and singing Christmas carols. Alice Esklund, Joyce Johnson, Mary Ann Draper and Marilyn Tanner formed the committee who planned the occasion. Enid Cones gave a Christ-mas reading and Renae Lewis sang the very beautiful 'Oh Holy Night'. Refreshments were served and gifts exchanged. We were very happy to have Mrs. L. David Hiner and Mrs . Ewart A. Swinyard as guests. The first Student Branch APhA Auxiliary meeting of the new year was held on Thursday evening , January 24. in the Pharmacy Lobby, with Dr. Ewart A. Swinyard as the guest speaker. Dr. Swinyard gave a very informative talk and con-ducted an interesting tour of the pharmacy labs. In February, at the home of Mrs. Enid Cones, the Auxiliary spent a very informal evening clad in Peddle Pushers and Slacks. While making favors for the coming Book Review we had a lot of fun in becoming better acquainted and discussing all the Auxiliary' s activities. Plans fo r a Pharmasister Journal and volun-teered hospital work were among topics of discussion. We were very honored to have Miss Helen Kimball as our guest on Wednesday evening March 20, at the New Student Union Building . Miss Kimball, known throughout the state for her outstanding Book Re-views, presented " Bon Voyage," by Marrianne and Joseph Hayes. The Utah Pharmaceutical Association Auxiliary and guests were invited to join with us for this highly enter-taining evening. Most people don't need to be le? into tempta tion- they can find their own way. A person who talks about his inferiors hasn 't any. When things go wrong, don't go with them . 12 THE PHARMIC UTE The Origins of the Metric System* by Geo. E. Osborne "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way-in short, the period was so far like the present period, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted on its being received, for good or for evil, in the superlative degree of comparison only." Thus did Charles Dickens describe the unrest of the period that led up to the first French Revolution. This disquietude was reflected in the dissatisfaction of French science , then the avaunt garde of scientific activity, with the metrology that hampered calculation and adequate expression of ,the great ideas which charact~rized the thinking of late 18th Century French scientific a chievement. The desires of the scientists had gradually come to focus on four distinct aims: ( 1) the standardization of a national metrology for France; ( 2) the use of a natural standard of length; ( 3) the use of a decimal scale; and (,4) an interrelated system of weights and measures. It was hoped further that a good system might attract international recognition and acceptance. Of primary concern was the establishment of a basic standard of length , a natural measurable distance of an everlasting quality that would allow repro* Presented before the Historical Section, Second Annual Convention of the Student Branch, A. P . A ., May 4, 1956. ducibility years or centuries beyond the time of its conception. Most o f the suggestions for a standard, some made as early as the 1670's, had vacillated between the length of a pendulum beating seconds at sea level at the equator or at a latitude of 45 ° and the length of a geodetic minute of arc, decimally divided. Variations of these themes played into French scientific thought during the better part of a century and reverberated through French politics, but a disinterested or badly informed monarchy paid little heed to the suggestions for rendering uniform the weights and measures of the kingdom. Then political pressures brought about the reestablishment of the National Assembly in 1787; the wheels of the Revolution began to turn; and the fall of the Bastille, July 14, 1789, brought rather abruptly to the nobility an awareness of the fallacy of continued ignorance of the citizens of the lesser political and social estates. By February, 1790, Anton Lavoisier wrote to Benjamin Franklin, "We regard the Revolution as fin ished, irrevocably." Most of the intelligentsia in France agreed and were relieved: science does no t thrive in times of political anxiety . Now that the constitutional monarchy had been set up and the Third Estate had won control of the Assembly, peace seemed assured. In an atmosphere of anticipation of prompt accomplishment , the scientists renewed their efforts toward a standard system of metrology . The following month , in March, 1790, Talleyrand , then Bishop of Autu n, submitted to the French National Assembly a proposal to standardize the length of the seconds pendulum at 45 ° latitude. The Assembly , on August 22 , 1790, published a dec ree sanctioned by Louis XVI, that provided for the establishment o! a new THE PHARMIC UTE system, assigned to the French Academy of Sciences the task of de-termining the standard unit, and in-vited participation of representatives of other European nations in the work. Spain, Italy, Denmark, the Nether lands, and Switzerland re-sponded to the invitation and sent delegations that collaborated in the discussion of the plan. The Acad-emy of Sciences appointed a com-mittee to undertake the study of the problem. Its membership included the greatest names in French science of the time, mathematicians, physi-cists , chemists, astronomers, and philosophers: Borda, Condorcet, La-grange, Laplace, Lavoisier, Monge, Tillet. The achievements of these men filled the memoirs of the Acad-em y; their inventive minds wrestled with the foremost problems of 18th Century science. The first report of the committee, delivered on October 27, 1790,, recommended the decimal division of weights, measures, and of money as well. The decision on the stand-ard of length remained unmade until the following March ( 1791 ) , when the committee in its second report settled on one ten--millionth of the meridian quadrant, to be determined by calculations based on the meas-urement of a meridian arc extending from Dunkirk to Barcelona. This line was selected largely because each of these two places was situ-ated at sea--level in the same meri-dian , because they afforded a suitable intervening distance of about 9 ° 30', the greatest in Europe available for a meridian measurement, because the country so traversed had in part been previously surveyed trigonometrically by Lacaille and Cas-sini in 1739--1740, and furthermore because such an arc extended on both sides of latitude 45 °. The deci-mal aspect of the system recommend-ed in the fir st report was emphasized in this decision by the discard of the traditional degrees and minutes of angular measurement in favor of a 13 geodetic measure. The committee rejected the pendulum on principle because it involved time as a non-linear element. The report was adopted by the Assembly on March 26 , 1791 , and five separate commissions were established to continue the study and submit the necessary data. However, the Revolution was not finished, as Lavoisier had thought. The French people, inflamed by the Jacobins , did away with the monarchy on September 22 , 1792, and with Louis XVI himself the follow -ing January. Inevitably, the political forces at work in Paris drew the Revolution into the Reign of Terror. Lavoisier, because of his financial interests in the Enferme General, a tax collecting agency, lost his head to the guillotine. " The Republic has no need for scientists ; let justice take its course!" was th e attitude. Despite delays and interferences, the work on the metric system went on. The Terror came to an end in 1794. Napoleon Bonaparte beg an to emerge as a military figure. The Convention replaced the National Assembly; and on April 7, 1795, the Convention established legal values for the various units of the system, and it became the legal metrology of France. These were the units: "Meter, the measure of length equal to the ten-millionth part of a terrestial meridian contained between the north pole and the equator. "Are, the measure of area for land equal to a square ten meters on each side. "Stere, the measure designed especially for fire-wood , and which shall be equal to a meter cube. "Liter, the measure of capacity both for liquids and dry materials, whose extent will be that of a cube of one-tenth of a meter. "Gramme, the a bsolute weig ht of a volume of pure water equal to a ]4 THE PHARMIC UTE cube of one-hundredth part of a meter, and at the temperature cf melting ice. " Greek prefiixes were provided to denote multiples of the various units and Latin prefixes for the subdivisions. Thus, the units were defined , but the calculations of their values remained to be made. Under prov ision of this law, the government appointed a Commission of twelve to complete the original determination of length and mass. This body included, in addition to Borda, Lagrange, Laplace and Monge from the original committee, Berthollet, Brisson, Coulomb, Delambre, Hauy , Mechain , Prony, and Vandermonde , a ll of whom had been interested a ctively in the work previously accomplished. The survey of the arc of meridian by triangulation proceeded simultan eously with astronomical determination of the same distance. This work was not smooth. The surveying parties were arrested by various government agencies in southern France and in Spain, deprived of t heir liberty and freedom, prevented fr om working by accident and disease, and it is remarkable that credita ble results were accomplished at all under these adverse circumstances. Finally, in November, 1798, the observations, geodetic and astronomic, were laid before an internation,. , a l commission which had been con,., v ened to examine and approve the g eodetic and other scientific work done to lay the foundation s for the metric system. Calculations were at last concluded, and platinum stand,.. ar ds of the meter and kilogram were constructed. The new standards were presented formally to the Corps Legislatif in 1799, and they were legalized by statute the same year. By now, Napoleon was First Consul and was continuing his successful campaigns throughout continental Europe. He became Emperor of France in 1804 and remained in power until 1814. He supported the new system, but popular prejudice against it ran high. The law of 1795 had required its use in the Commune of Paris, but resistance to enforcement of the law brought permission ( 1799) for use of more popular nomenclature and ( in 1812) a parallel system using old names and the more customary fractions. At the same time it was decreed that the legal decimal system must be tau S)ht in schools and used in all official transactions. It was not until 1837 that the decree of 1812 was repealed, and it was enacted that the use of measures and weights other th':ln those of the metric system would b e-come a penal offense from the beginning of 1840. Belgium, Holland , and Greece were among the first countries to adopt the system, and before the close of the 19th Century it had become the legal standard in 40 nations c;md had achieved world-wide recognition in science. It has been legal in the United States since 1866; it is required that the metric system shall be used exclusively in the medical departments of the Army and the Navy, the U. S. Public Health Service, and the Marine Hospital Service. Errors in the original calculations have been discovered; the definitions of the units have changed; but the metric system find s almost universal use in the field of scientific research and it is the system used by all modern pharmacopoeias. CALENDAR OF EVENTS M ay 17 Student Branch A.Ph.A. Convention M ay 17 Annual College of Pha rmacy Spring Formal June Baccalaureate Services 9 June 10 Graduation Ceremonies. THE PHARMIC UTE 15 History of Pharmacy Research Papers Lugol by Walter O. Loth man Jean Guillaieme A uguste L ugol, a French physician, was born on August 10, 1786. H e died on September 16, 1851 at the age of sixtyfive. Lu go! studied at the Paris School of Medicine, receiving his doctoret degree in 1812. He served his internship at a hospital in Paris, after which he was appointed to the medical staff of the San Luis Hospital. He dedicated himself especially to the study of the scrufulus disease which was an enlargement of the lymphatic glands. At the present time this disease is thought of as a form of Tuberculosis by the medical profession. In 1844, Lugo I published the results of his research and observations of scrufulus diseases in the General Medical Journal. Lugol is remembered for his work with iodine. He first used iodine solutions in the scrufulus diseases and as an iodine bath in 1829. Lugol' s solution or Strong Iodine Solution was first published in the sixth revision of the United States Pharmacopeia in 1880. The formula read: iodine five parts, iodide of potassium ten parts and distilled water eighty-five parts . The official formula now carries the following standards: Strong Iodine Solution must contain not less than 4.5 Gm. and not more than 5.5 Gms. of iodine; not less than 9.5 Gms. and not more than 10.5 Gms. of potassium iodide in each 100 ml. Its use is listed in the U.S.P. xv· as a source of iodine. Arthur Whitfield by ferry Thompson Arthur Whitfield was born in London , England on October 13, 1868. He was a pioneer in the field of dermatology and one of the most prominent men of his time in medicine and medical education in England. He received his early education at Kings College School in London and qualified for his medical degree from Kings College Hospital in 1891 . During his first three years as medical doctor he served in several appointments at various hospitals after which he again studied for a period in Berlin and later in Vienna. Upon conclusion of his study he returned to the staff of the West London Hospital as an assistant physician. At that time it was usual for the skin cases to be seen by one or other of the general physicians or surgeons attached to a hospital and a special dermatological department was almost unknown. Dr. Whitfield 's keen interest in diseases of the skin prompted his feeling that this state of affairs could only be changed by demonstrating the importance of dermatology as a special field of endeavor in medicine. He left West London Hospital to accept a position at the Royal Northern Hospital to better pursue his interest in this specialty. Then in 1899 he accepted a position at his alma mater , King s College Hospital, as assistant phys1c1an in charge of the skin department. In 1905 he was elected to the fellowship of the Royal College of Physicians of London and a year later he became professor of derma tology at Kings College. Just previous to this turn of events he had served for two years as Dean of the Medical School at Kings College. During this period and for years thereafter his works and writings in the field of dermatology were outstanding. He was a scientist in every sense of the word and his accomplishments in dermatology were subsequent to his meticulous- 16 THE PHARMIC UTE ness and prec1s1on in study and diagnosis of skin diseases. He became the outstanding man in his field and during his life filled many appointments and positions of prominence in colleges and societies. While his name is generally associated with his work on fungus infections, he wrote many articles and textbooks , all of which wer distinguished by his extreme acuteness of perception, clear reasoning , and clarity of style which made his contributions to the field of dermatology outstanding. He was acutely interested in all branches of mycology . and he was one of the pioneers of the use of X-rays for treatment of ringworm in the scalp. He died in Eastbourne , England on January 31 , 1947 at the age of seventy-eight. The ointment that bears his name (Whitfield's ointment-Salicylic Acid and Benzoic Acid) is still an official preparation in the United States Pharmacopeia. " Well son, what have you been doing all day?" " Shooting craps , mother. " " That must stop. Those little things have as much right to live as you have." " Do you want all of your office furniture insured against theft?" " Yes, all except the clock. Everybody watches that." The judge's expression was not unkind as he leaned over the bench and addressed the mousey little man before him . " So you're a locksmith?" his honor mused , " And pray tell, what was the locksmith doing in a gambling div e when he was arrested?" The prisoner , taking coura ge, grinned back. " He was makin g a bolt for the door. " An elderly man was getting very impatient for service as he stood by the almond counter and shouted " Who waits on the nuts?" " Just a moment sir," replied th e clerk, ' TII be right with you." Husbands are to blame for famil y quarrels-they have no right to expect women to be reasonable. A country doctor, returning from a call one foggy night, decided to stop in to see a friend who lived along the road. Losing his way, he fell into the farmer 's well, but fortu nately his friend heard him and soon had him in the house drying off. Looking him over, the farmer said , "It serves you right. " " What do you mean?" snorted the doctor. " You ought to tend to the sick and leave the well alone. The little lady of the house w a s being punished and compelled to eat her dinner alone at a small table in the corner. The rest of the famil y paid no attention to her until they hea rd her audibly delivering grace over her repast : " I thank Thee, Lord , for preparing a table before me in the presence of mine enemies. " C a reer Girl: A gal who 'd rather bring home the bacon than fry it. The middle-aged man was ' standing on the bathroom scales, under protest, while his wife squinted a t the weight indicator. " Good heavens, John!" she exclaimed. " You have gained 57 lbs. since we were married. You should be a shamed! " " Oh, I don 't know," shrugged th e quick-witted man. .. Seems to m e I've done remarkably well ; when you average it ou t it's only 3 lbs. a y ear on your good cooking . In serving the pharmacists of Utah these many years McKesson & Robbins has been more than . just a reliable drug wholesaler. One of our chief endeavors has been that of helping the Utah druggist keep up to date with pharmaceutical developments and drug store mer~ chandising . Through McKesson's " Rex" McKay Service he can stay abreast of the ever~increasing num~ ber of pharmaceutical products being developed . Our Store Modernization Service is another example of the many successful programs McKes~ son offers the retail druggist to help him increase his volume of business. Yes, we specialize in helping the retail druggist ~:i-row and develop his business , but first and fore~ most is our interest in supporting his efforts to serve the health needs of his community. That is why the Ogden Division of McKesson & Robbins maintains complete stocks of drug store merchan~ dise at all times. Mc KESSON & ROBBINS INCORPORATED ('Jrp«ll1-, WafL ABIG STEP... IN THE RIGHT DIRECTION As a student of pharmacy, you have taken a BIG STEP IN THE RIGHT DIRECTION in your decision to learn your profession and to keep abreast of new developments in your chosen field Likewise, the progressive retail and wholesale druggist keep in step with scientific progress and developments in the industry. These three - the conscientious pharmacist - the reliable retail druggist - and the progressive wholesale druggist form a team to insure accurate, dependable prescription service to the consumer. We are happy to be a part of this Pharmacist-RetailerWholesaler team! Z0NJ WHOLESALE DISTRIBUTORS 1665 Bennett Road Industrial Center P. 0. Box 1109 Salt Lake City 10, Utah UTAH'S ONLY FULL-LINE INDEPENDENT DRUG DISTRIBUTOR