21

bl\) G>eLL-L , - NANE -r~uMAJ t=-P--e> D,\TE OF BIRTH . ,z, PLACE OF PRACTICE architec;t other FIRHS ASSOCIATED WITH ( ·~ .' indicates . .MATERIAL AVAILABLE · UNDER) BUILDINGS . 1 0. .J ~. ·15=5z DATE OF DEATH -TYPE OF PRACTICE: C)!$~J . 7 Stalwarts of A1ormonism Trl!man 0. Angell Was Architect Of Picturesque Salt l.akeTemple.· . -.. •. ' \ '· •, By PRE!lTON NIBLl!;Y, . : . . to Illinois. He settled at Nauvo<i. '.l.'RUMAN OSBORN ANGELL was and spent .several ye.-u-.s worki~g :. a natlve of Rhode Jsland,,a' con-. .on· the Nauvoo Temple, Arte!' the' vcrt to the Church, resident_ of.· death of the· Proph:Ct ·Joseph Smith Nauvoo, pioneer of Utah with the he followed the leadership of Brig~ . first company in July, ·1847_, 'de•' ham Young and i:;:ame with the first,,·, ,:;igner, and builder of homes····and '. company of pioneers: to Salt Lake· public buildings in Utah and archi- · Valley in July, 1847. ·· . . - _, tect of the Salt, Lake 'l'cmple. · His fir:::.:t years in Utah were.,·; Truman· 0. Ansell was born in 'spent in designing and buildinC: North Providcr.~c. Rhode Island, home:-;· an<l public lJU_ilctin.gs;·amOng on Jun~ 5, 1810. He wa.:-r the son of:. them were the Beehive aud.-'-iLion James and Phebe Morton Angell . .:·' ·: Houses, the Council House and the rn·. his youth Trl.linan lcanll'd Old TabcruactC. But the most chal~ lhe trade of carpenter and he was lcngin·g of all his 3!:isigomcnts wa$ -laboring in this capacity when his when President Young- ask~d him parent.':i mQvcd, in 1032, from Rhode to draw the plan:, for the Salt Lake · Island to· GcnesSce. County, Ne:w ...Temple. This work beg~n in 1852 York. Soon. after-- hi~ arrival' in and continu,ed with only a Jew inNew York hG met and ·married· terruplious <luring··the balance·'o( Polly Johnson. Shortly after his his lite: During a lull. in the. work marriage LDS .missionaries came ill 1856-57, Tndrian 0. Angell filled· '. Recent <lra,wi11g. of majestic and picturcs;1ue Sult Lake.' intll the 1}eighborhood; Truman 0 1 a mission to England. \lrt 'l'eniple <1.esigne~ by Architect Tmmau 0. Angdl. Angell and his wife {lccepled the, 'THE CONSTRUCTION of the Tern· go,spel and were baptized. ' in O. Angell died on October 16, 1H8_7) 81!:tiVjty "Presidcnt·.Young. died In the fall of 1835 Truman ple went ahead slowly. Twice August, 1877. at the age of 77. For thirty·l'.iVe inoved with his family to Kirtland, the plan [or the foundation was· Trllman 0 .. Angell, t}le archi· years he· had. loiled aJHl lal)<Jn•d the gathering place of the Saints. changed._ lt was not until 1870 that There he·· found employment as a the walls began to rise above the· tect, now· approac];ling his seven· on the great structut·e.· It was :s:;id tieth yea'r, work.ed with President that he· knew cve1·y stone itl its carpenter on. the Kirtland Temple. ground. At the Octobcir Conference ' · in 18'7G, President Young Ul'getl tile John Taylor as lie had with ,Presi· walls. IN THE SUMMER OF 1838 he emi~ Saints to hasten the completion of dent Young. The walls Of the Tern· Of '1'1·uman 0. Angell, Wenddl grated to Missouri ·and joined the building. "Go to now, with your pie were pushed upwards. By 1888 Ashton has written: "As long as th.~ the main body of the Saints at Far might and means, and ftnish the the stone work was completed, ex- Salt Lake Temple stands, there_ \vill West. In the fall of that year he 'l'emple in this city forthwith/' cept for the towers; but fate did be a magni[icent monumen_t to th_e suffered with them ln their perse.. Hundl'eds volunteered their· serv· not permit the architect to live to· patience, skill and dedication of its eutions and was driven eastward _ices, and then, in the mid::,t of this .. see t!ie finished building. 'Truman ~rchitect. • - 88 OUR PIONEER HERITAGE r ( Ci (pt Edward Fuller Bird, a noted carver by trade, worked on the Tabernacle organ. He presented some of his masterpieces at the World's Fair in Chicago and received one silver and two gold medals for his achievements. Slmrc Olsen worked on the Tabernacle organ seven years as carpenter and joiner. · From the history of Ralph Ramsay: ~1uch of t11e furniture in the home of President Brighmn Young was fashioned by Ramsay's hands. He did carving in the Old Salt Lake Theatre, Beehive House, Temple, on the Tabermicle organ, and in many other old landmarks in Salt Lake City. Other mPn whose names arc associated with the buiklinp; arc: JV illiam lfordetlti Folsom and l!imnan Dcty Folsom, sons of William 11. Folsom, also the Silver brothers. The James Moyle family states that }amc8 Moyle, a stont.·nrnson, (lirectl•d the mt.'!\ in selling up the piers under the supervision of \V. H. Folsom. - .: . ' TRUMAN 0. ANGELL - ARCHITECT On May 29, 1857, Truman 0. Angell returned from Europe, where he had been sent by President Young to study the style an\i architecture of the great buildings of the Old World preparatory to consh·uction of the Mormon Temple. Following his return, work progressed slowly, not much being accomplished until 1870 when the Temple walls began to rise above the ground. In the early 1860's poor health prevented the pioneer from devoting full time to the project, and he asked to be released as Church Architect. He still went to the Temple grounds whenever he could, however, and was vastly interested in Tru1n;1n 0. Angell the Church construction taking place. During the summer of 1866, Mr. Angell worked as joiner on the Tabernacle. Joseph Ridges, in his story of the building of the Great Organ, said of him: "I went at once to work THE GREAT MORMON TABERNACLE 89 on the draft of a large organ in the office of Truman 0. Angell. . . • He lovea beautiful things and would come to my shop every morning and look around at the columns, pillars, entablature and at the small skeleton organ I was making to voice the pipes on." Although it is not known what the circumstances were that brought about a change in the office of Church Architect, Brigham Young called Truman Angell to occupy that position. The Tabernacle was still in a state of incompletion, having no tloors, windows, stairs, seating, etc., and President Young was anxious to push forward with great urgency so that October conference could be held in the great building. Even though his health had improved, Truman pondered the problem for some time before he consented. William Folsom then became assistant architect and Henry Grow the foreman. Inasmuch as Mr. Angcll's diary dming this period is so enlightening concerning the finishing of the Tabernacle, excerpts arc included below. For the sake of clarity, some spelling has been cmTcctcd. April 10th, 1867. Gathered up my bed and clothes and put them in Brother C. Walling's wagon and started for the city, and placed them and myself with my wife Polly. 11th, 12th, 13th. Busy gathering together such things as I could find and prepared a little room between two of the piers of the New Tabernacle. I put in such articles as I could find of the old Office, but still cannot find enough to commence work with. During all this time my mind has been drawn out on plans of finish, but cannot reduce them to the Trestleboard for the above reasons . ... 16th. Today with what I did yesterday, I brought out a section of tl1e cornice capital timbers and a broken fragment of the pier of the New Tabernacle showing how I put up the bracketing last year as it may be of use to have it along for future purposes. 17th. Doing but little at drawing today but making investigations of the work. My tools are much used up. I mean the fixtures belonging to the Architect's Office, and many of the mathematical instruments are out of repair, and I have managed to repair them to make them do, but all such things hinder .... 20th. Today I made several measurements and took level sights that I might see the more correctly when I do sit to my drawing table to make a draft of parts for the foreman to execute, but the things must be well pondered. This I do in walking around, or upon my pillow at night and when I have criticized the parts sufficiently it goes to the trestlcboard with much ease.... 27th. Still on the plan of opening of doors and windows to New Tabernacle .... I feel here to make a few remarks as they 90 0Ull ]>IONEElt llEHlTAl:E lnv<• lr:mspin•cl wilh nw. Tirotlwr David Calder w:mtC"d me to rq)ott lo t\1al Ofril'C the amou11l of time l spent on the New Tabernacle, Temple, etc., and now here are my remarks since I ha\'c been on the design of the New Tabernacle. My mind has laboured as much on the Temple. They are mixed, for both have been neglected. One has advanced ahead of the detailed plan; and the other, the Temple, has been advanced in detail in Tim GnEAT MonMoN TABEHNAc.1.r. 9l flume, but he did not sec it, so it rested there. In the afternoon Wl'lll lo my c:ou11lry home. I here vicwl'd the wash rc.'rnltinµ; from letting the wnter in behind the embankment of the old 1 canal. ... masonry lines, etc., but is now muddled, is now knocked into pie or eonfnsion and my thoughts are "how shall I straighten it again'?" And all this is a labour of the mind, ancl hence, is a labour that no one perhaps will see. This makes me work as I walk out on in head, for I spent a great deal of labour on the floor drawing, and now I have it not. I do think if a man is to have a salarv for his services as architect and sec it carried out, let it he a ix'rccnt on the cost of building and then who can p:rumblc about it? I do believe this would be the only way to do justice to man and rnan, or church and man. But I cannot c.lo myself justice for I am. feeble with the pen and I leave the suhj<.'ct to future days by saying, .. Let the council of lsrnel tll'cidc," for I do not want to be measured by the folly of a vain man, unless he knows how to weigh me in the balance and knows whether I am wanting or not. 30th. I spent much of the day on transferring the drawing to the trestleboard, full size, to work by.... ~lay 1st. I was in the Office till noon fixing the drawing and arranging the centers . ... 3rd. I commence to draw off some bills for Brother Henry Grow from the drawings I have made for the New Tabernacle .... I hear the whistle to quit and I will gladly leave. On my going to the house I saw Brother Sharp. He wants a plan and a bill of timbers for the flume that will cross Big Cottonwood. He asked me if Folsom had given me the said plan. I said, "No." I saw Folsom while on my way. l invited him to call at or near my office Monday morning .. , . 6th. I came to my Office early and overhauled the bill, thinking it best to omit that part of the east end till I know the particulars of rise of floor of New Tabernacle. I went soon after to Folsom and in a little time we saw I. Sharp and I decided for Folsom to furnish said bills as he knew more abont it than I did .... May 10th. Last night my sleep was about 2 hours and today I cannot set myself to work. Brother Folsom made a diagram of the flume and bill to cross Big Cottonwood. Also he called me into his office to see it. I showed him it needed a brace to help stay against water more secure under the toepath. He saw it and added it in. I thought and told him it seemed to me better to raise the toepath 10 or 12 inches above the water or top of The Tabernacle - 1868. Temple Foundation in Foreground Thursday 23rd. I was consulted about the drawing I had made for the closing of the New Tabernacle by Foreman Grow. I have to have my eye on that work. ... Tuesday 28th. I was with Brother Grow an hour or two helping him to see how my bills are arranged with the drawing I made for him to finish around the doors of the New Tabernacle, etc. 14th June, Friday ... I went to the President's Office. He, B. Young, took me in his carriage, and in going to the Temple block met President 'Wells. He took him in and we went together into the New Tabernacle. I heard the President's views on the stand arrangement. I made a minute of it on the slate. He invited us back in his carriage. Took us home .... Saturday 15th. I this day took an outline of the Tabernacle on 1A, of nu inch to the foot. Got it inked after penciling it. The paper puffs up so bad I will omit today further work on it and let my mind have more meditation till Monday. . . . Monday 17th. I pitched into the drawing of the internal arrangement today. As I had so many things to investigate, it held me from advancing ve,y far, .. 92 I I :, OuR PIONEER HERITAGE THE GREAT MORMON TABERNACLE 93 Tuesday 18th. Got along well today. I shall have to levelthrust the building before I proceed further with the drawing, and must wait till morning in order to get a rig for it. The President called on me today and took a look at the drawing. I thought it rather pleased him than otherwise. Wednesday 19th. I took a level several ways today, but I think I will overhaul it again tomorrow. The help I had today, together with the south wind, made it difficult to handle the rig. I got along with penciling on the drawing of Tabernacle seating and flooring arrangement. There are some difficulties not overcome. It will be best to let the President choose what may suit him in the affair. In the morning I will level and leave marks to cite his mind to. If I had had charge of this building from the start, it would have been my way to of found all the pillar or newel footing that the other work might join it right, etc. A busy day with me. Thursday 27th. My attenticn was on the stairs and bills for the same, though the bill of lumber for said stairs is not advanced very far today. I shall expect to proceed with that tomorrow. Friday 28th. Busy on further designs this morning. I completed the bill of lumber for the stairs and gave it to Foreman Grow. The design is on New Tabernacle finish. Saturday 29th. Today I got out some seats, or a plan for some. I think it will be a very good one. I also got out a specimen of finish, to the front right and left to finish by. I mean a part of the finish in front of stage. This last sentence sounds better.... Monday July 1, 1867. I began in my Office amending my wise, and I shall do the best I can. Thursday J nnc 20th. I was on the ground and in my Office very early. There was not a man to he seen except the gatekeeper on the Jot. I went to the President's Office to get his feelings on the subject. It was 11 a.m. He had just gone to the Sugarhouse Ward some 5 or 10 minutes before I got there, so I came in my Office and sketched these minutes. I went to my house and took a nap of one hour, and I then went to the President's Office. Found him in. I stated to him how the leveling of the work came, etc. I petitioned ;,im to let me raise the floor in front of the stand two feet. He heard me on the subject and consented I might. I proceeded accordingly. The thing will be yet. I gave directions to have all the work of footing of the pillars or newels put in that they may get settled firm to take the steps when they start. I amended the stand and attached private main troub1cs in a plan ahead of the work; but now it is other- more harmonious now. Friday 21st. Today my labour was intense. There is a great deal of work on this drawing; it cannot be hurried. The leader of the singers called on me by request (his name is Sands). I made a change much to his mind in the scat arrangement, and I was on this till noon. I went to see the President and laid the drawing before him. There is much yet to do. I took up the subject of a stainvay to connect with the ones that run up through the timbers to the summit of the New Tabernacle. The stairs I allude to that I have been planning run from the ground to top of timbers, 18 feet 3 inches. The room is so scant it was quite difficult to get at a way to pull them and not cut important timbers. But I think I can corner it now. I will try it in due time on a sheet by itself. I shall brace the stairs on the diagram I got out today .... Monday June 24th. I am on the Tabernacle drawing yet, and still have more to do .... Wednesdav 26th. Busy today on arranging the staircase to connect with the roof steeps of the Tabernacle. It proved to be quite an item. Also gave directions on the mode of setting the drawings of Tabernacle. There arc many things to draw ont ·stairway and arranged other parts. July 2nd, Tuesday. In my Office, feeling some better. I have been engaged on various parts of the work, and have got a design for the stand under way. I am not very fast in getting a design. I make it a point to ponder a design in its parts very thoroughly. Wednesday 3rd. I proceeded with a drawing of stands today. I also took a look at the drawing to close between the piers on the west end, as that drawing was meant or drawn to be doors as on the sides of building. It became somewhat difficult to have it adobed up, but I have sought a plan, should the President sanction it, that will do. The stand has got on well. It is in pencil work and there is much more to be added to it before inking. Thursday 4th. It is a holiday. All work is suspended. The firing of pistol guns by boys much last night and early after midnight, and ringing of bells so disturbed the slumber of the night that I arose very early and found myself so used up I did not leave my house yard till about 2 p.m. There is a ball in the Theatre this evening. I have a 5 dollar ticket paid for; but the plainness of my rig will be so much behind the company that will be there, I think it best for me to stay away. My buying a ticket will show I honored the call or invitation so far as the expenses or defraying them is concerned. They have my blessing in this. So far so good. . . . · Friday 5th. I have been very busy today upon the drawing of the stand. I have the thing most done, or so that the work made might come together. Its parts arc so drawn on it that one must consider it as transparent or the work would blend together and not appear free. i t .. 91 Ou!l 1'10NEEH HEtUTAU Saturday 6th. The President w,t, here today and approved of the stand drawing. I foci a pleased spirit always when l can suit the President in anything. This proves to me the Lord is with him. I think a Saint is a fool to view this otherwise. Monday 8th. Came into my Office early and cleaned it ont and commenced work getting ready to have the New Tabernacle go on in order to dispatch as far as my branch need dictate the work. The best of the joiners are drawn off after Folsom and George quit jobbing. On the street they instruct the men, I am informed, to not come here. A few, or one or two have come here. They are the old veterans who are much broken down. The above was stated to me by Foreman Grow, and he relates from W. Carmichael. One that had been a hand is F. G. George .... Wednesday 10th. I am giving direction for work to Henry, the foreman, and the masons, etc. I am n~aking a plan of the seats, full size. Thursday 11th. I have been very busy in transferring the small drawing to the trcstlcboard, full size for the shop. I have much yet to do. I have cut out the form of the molds in thin pieces for the mechanic to scribe on the ends of the pieces he is to dress. This gives less chance to err in form and size, but is not any the less work for me .... Friday 12th, Saturday :3th. My time was occupied on the large, or full size drawing. This drawing will dictate the seat, the stand, molds, etc. It was quite an item. The work now seems to relieve me some more than heretofore, but all is right with me as far as my work is concerned . ... Monday 15th. To be sure, I have a man, Brother Folsom, to assist me, but he has his style of work, and I have mine. And I am sure mine would be right, for I make all the investiga lions that come in the way. . . . For this reason I seek my way alone .... Thursday 18th. My time was still at the Tabernacle. My labour some part of the time was on the trestleboard on the timber work, and in being consulted. I am much called on all the time by Foreman Grow and the shop men. Friday 19th. I was on the timbering a1Tangement today. Also my mind is arranging to give bills. The timbering will be quite an item. The thing itself will prove it when done. Monday 22nd. I was employed in adjusting the drawing and getting it ready with measurements. I now have located a good place for (Sands) the chorister, and he, the chorister, likes it very much. He is a very modest man . ... Monday 29th. Last night was a sleepless night to me, hut I shall do all I can to help 011 the work in the line of my calling, Tim CHEAT MmcMoN TAnERNAcu: 95 etc. All the work of the New Tabernacle is guided by my draw- ings, antl my eyes have to be on it, more or k~ss . . , . August 1st, Thursday. Fast day. I came here this morning and arranged the private stairs to the President's stand. I then went to the house and at 12 noon I broke fast. . . . Friday 2nd. I stayed at the farm last night. The mosquitoes seemed to do their best to get a part of my blood. I told my boys to water the place on the days the water is my due, and trust the event with the Lord. I walked down very early and came into my Office and proceeded with the diagram of timbering for floors, etc. Got on pretty well. . . . \Vcdnesday 7th August. I gave I-I. Grow dimensions about the timber, etc. \Ve have put up one now, lOlfi a.m., and will continue them as speedily as we can get along with them. Thursday Slh. I omitted writing, but was verv busy. Nmncrous thiugs underway. ' Friday Uth and Saturday 10th. Busy as a nailer, seeing to the work. And on the design again, and then on stakes sticking, and in fact, too many thin~s to mention. They arc around like chickcus arouu<l the hen. l expect busy times nuw, for more help will be on, and coming hereafter with a push. . . . Thursday 15th. Had a busy time of it today. The President came here today and made many requests. He made up his mind to have a change on the plan of the seats, and I got time to partly get it out. I like the change. Friday 16th. Had a middling busy day of it. I got time to complete the change above mentioned. It looks well on the drawing. I allude to the New Tabernacle. The whole finishing now comes on me. Saturday 17th. My forenoon and most of the afternoon was in getting out a special measurement of the front of and defining it to the workmen. Although I have to define other parts more or less all the time, and shall have a care for a long time yet, I might say I never saw a job more awkward to manage, but I think I have it alright. ... Thursday 22nd. Today I gave of dimensions as foreman work for the stand and for the floors of the singers. And, in fact, I am acting as foreman on all the finishing inside. I am compelled to do so. Henry Grow is deficient for the task, and I feel driven to it. He has many other dnties to attend to .... Saturday 24th. The designs that I have out for the New Tabernacle, mostly original design, need much watching. . . . Monday 26th. Got everything in good glee. In fact, I cannot see how to dispose of myself better than the way I am doing. I have made it my duty to be on the spot as the work progresses, for virtually I point the way for all except the cxkrnal arches of the roof and its attendant train. , • . 96 OUR PIONEER HERITAGE Tuesday 27th. I have spent a very pleasant day in seeing to the great variety of work that has been needing my attention. I have had very busy day of it, but the men seem to hear a word from me and profit by it.... Friday 30th. Today we are bothered for the want of dry lumber. This rather holds us back. Dry lumber is the thing for hands to push work. My task today is comfortable. Not quite so hard for me. The front of the stage uncl the front of the stand arc in. My finish is quite different from the styles of the clay .... Monday Sept. 2nd. I had to be lively to state to different calls of the workmen. Our curved sash is drying, they seemed to get too much curve by standing and drying, and I had a straight thin nailed on the one side. It seemed to restore it to the right curve np;ain, n1uch to my surprise. Thnrsclay 3rd. I had a very good sl,•cp last night and fed the hendit of it. I am trotting about lhc work this morning. I can use my mind without pain and have my eyes cm anything; in my way, clc. The floor is umk·rway this morning. VVc have much yet to do before Conference, and that commences on Sunday next, only three <lays more. Brother Henry Grow has clone very well indeed. One of the principal failures with him, he does not watch his men work and show them how to do, so much as he watches to see if they are busy at their work. William Asper, I am in favor of as a foreman, with what I have seen does not deceive me. I \V(,uld like to know more of him ... , Monday 9th. I was at the New Tabernacle before 7 a.m., leading out as usual. There seems to be some of the hands absent this morning. Tuesday 10th. I have all I can do to manage as foreman yet. Not many minutes pass but I am wanted. A foreman to be useful must be on the alert about every minute of his time. There is another thing to be consiclerecl, and that is very few of the brethren care to know much about their work. And some stop away, and their job has to pass to someone else. This makes much trouble to a manager. Very hazarding indeed. . , . Saturday 14th. I have managed to be on hand as usual at 7 a.m. My Office is a place of confusion, the dirt and litter falling from above. The stage around the house for shingling purposes, cornice and the like, shades my small window. It is too dark to see well. For this reason I am out and about the work and dictating the parts, etc. Monday 16th. I had a busy day of it as usual. Tuesday 17th. My business was not so crowding today just comfortable. The President came to the city today, having been absent two weeks and one clay. Went so far as Bear River Lake on a preaching session. He looks well. His countenance as he came in pleased all the Saints, I believe. THE GREAT MORMON TABERNACLE 97 Wednesday 18th. I had to see to several new jobs about the building I had, and assisted in getting the lines on the floor to set the seats by next to the stand and, in fact, forward to which the floor commences to rise. And they seem to be very close together, but I think we ought to consent to scat close five hundred more can get seated by this means. Thursday 19th. My attention is wanted every five minutes. Find though, as a general thing, I am not burdened as I was last week and week before.... Friday 20th. This morning I had so many obstacles in my way I felt like withdrawing from my appointment as Architect, but President Young had the subject otherways, and a few words from him made me reconciled, thank the Lord. Saturday 21st. My office must be vacated today or Monday. The place being wanted, or the space rather, My mind is on the work the .,;amo as tl1ough. I was in my Office. This afternoon I had all my traps romovcd to a new place for the time being south side of cast gate. Monday 2.3rd. I was. taken very ill about midnight and it lurks on me today. I feel like persevering with the work I am on to do all I can for Zion and her cause, as I am called to be Architect. Much of my time is taken up on thought. Though I am not crowded now as I was a few days ago, there is a care I cannot discard. Wednesday 25th. I was called to be and act as Architect. In this I labored as hard as any man could. The mind with me had no rest but was put on the stretch, and I sought for the best. But the President viewed the things very differently, And of course I submit to him. I would do a thousand times more if I had the power, but as I have it not I must be content as lam .... As I was leaving my office having just scribbled the above, I met the President and three of his boys on their way to the New Tabernacle. He opened the subiect of our previous talk, and as we entered the Tabernacle I showed him the seats, etc. He seemed to concur with me about the iron being placed to the seats and floor to secure them firm, etc. He thought a little cheaper iron would do than the one I suggested, but he is too important a man for me to differ with. Let the case be as it may, I submit. I will use his suggestion with judgment such as I may have, trusting it may be durable. Thursday 26th. On hand early this morning. Went to the smith shop and got two dozen straps to fasten down the seats, and notwithstanding all I had said to them before, I had to order an amendment in the angle. Yet the same was shown to their boss in the start. This is the way with most every sort of thing I get done by joiners as well. Thus a care is on me all the time '' 98 Oun PIONEER HERITAGE of somt~ sort or anotlwr. 11y health some better this morning. l, h~>pt· it will cuntimw. 1 am lhrough and about on all the parts. 1 lnngs move like machinery well oiled. This is the way to push work. Friday 27th. On the work in time. I will note the President came to the New Tabernacle and seemed to approve of the way I had and was closing up of the east end. He expressed I had got all the windows that would be needed, the six spaces on the extreme east end. He asked if they were to be passages or doorways for the public. I told him yes. He said that's rio-ht though only two of those are made doors now. The four oth~rs of the six will be used for a gallery when the need of one is wanted, and, in fact, they may be so arranged as to accommodate the lower floor as well. The president hinted this in our chat a few days since. For the time being these four openings will be adobed up to make the house comfortable, etc. My rest bst 11igh t was poor and I feel it much at 7% or 8 evenings. I feel too weary to be up longer, so I retire and at 12_ I awake or near that hom and then thought charges to my mmd. I get weary and tired as I rise in the morning. This is my condition this morning. I have many things to sec to. I re· member of asking Henry Grow to have an iron placed on two of the doors to keep the spring bolts from cutting the wood and he .,;;~id he would sec to it, but it is not forthcoming. This I note to show his care on lll(le things that might relieve me. I fii_1d it cheaper to sec to such things and say nought to him if he l)ltendcd to see to it. It is not a good way to put it off till the Jams are much marred. This is not my way. Anyhow every- thing in season is best, as I sec it. Saturday 28th. This morning I came to the Tabernacle. Ex· amined some work I thought of while on my pillow. Found it proceeding right. I note this to show that a foreman's mind has no rest at home, as well at his work. Though this is only one case, bnt the cases are numerous and. in fact, some of the most bulky diagrams are solved on the pillow as well. This may account for the wear on me. It tells for itself, and I long for a good rest. \Vhat can a man know of it without experience? Very little indeed. Brother Joseph A. Young was here yesterday. He has such a hard wav with him I do not think he would be a blessing to me to have 'him in mv office as a help. Brother Brigham Young would like to have him with me. His wisdom might control him, but I should hardly expect to do so, and would not that be a sih.11tion for my wearing, etc. , .. ? Sunday Oct. 6th. I arose, weary, early and walked down to the city and went to Conference in the morning. The bustle and noise made by the people destroyed the words of the speak- ers. or c.lrownC'd tlwm. I moved about in srvcral places. The THE GREAT MORMON TABERNACLE 99 same noise seemed all through the house. It was about the same in tho afternoon. I thought of the snhject and worried over it, but I made up my mind if the people would he very still all might hear. Monday 7th. In the morning I seated on the last row on the east of the new seats. The President said if the people would be very still he thought all could hear very well, and this proved true to me, for I heard well in the afternoon. I went on the stage. I entered the south door but I did not hear much. It would of been much better if the people would have come io at the right hour and be seated and keep seated and stop whispering and keep their feet still. My eyes fell on a description of the New Tabernacle set forth by the editor of the Telegraph Snnday morning, and the style it points me out would make me out pretty much a 'fifer' alright. If the people think so, this journal will show in a brief way what I have been at day and date, etc. And I believe I could not have done any better than I did do .... Wednesday 9th. I attended the Scventys' meeting till 10 a.m. and adjourned from there to the New Tabernacle, and was at meeting both fore and afternoon. I was sustained as Archi· tect for the Public Works. God grant I may do my duty, and the voice of the Spirit of revelation be on me in the same. Saturday 12th. I went to Henry Grow about the published account seen in the Telegraph. It made mention of me but I did not feel satisfied, so I went to Stenhouse, the editor, about it and he seemed to conclude it was his fault of my not having the thing where it spoke of me in that note of description. So he described by my dictation and the thing is righted, if he prints the same. March 16th, 1868. I have made myself reconciled to the President's wishes, with this conclusion: whatever are his wishes, the Lord will sustain, for He seems to dictate all he does. At least this has been my present views, and no mistake of that. All I ask is to know the mind of President Young to me, and my way is clear. T. 0. Angell THE FIBST MEETING For four long years the Saints had looked forward to the time when the Tabernacle would be finished and they would be able to attend general conference in the new meeting place. The day was set for October 6th, 1867, and it has been stated in several diaries that the weather was warm but rainy. On that Sunday morning, long before time for conference to convene, the people began to assemble and it is said the crowd was so dense that it was hard to get through the gates. People had come from all parts of the territory to attend the meeting . -sJ,..,,:;. - - - - ~ - - -....................,~.-~.--.1:--.-, ......... ,..,..--,-·__..,._.. _.,....___ ~~-\ j ? ANGELL, FRANK W. l l ANGELL, TRUMAN 0. 1 'i ! •• ;) l I:_.;;·. ·{'p· / C- (born 1851--dicd?) A life-long n·sidcnt of Providence, R. I., hr began his rnreer at the age of twenty as student draftsm,m in the olllce of the late William R. Walker, one of the leading mchitects in th(' city at that time. In 1881 he formed a partner• ship \'.ith the late Thomas J. Gould (se<>) arid under the firm name of Gould & Angell carried on an active practice for a number oP years. Among Mr. An\Jcll's best known works \Vere the Blackstone and Wilson Hall's at Brown University, whiie in addition he W-'S connected with the design of various public and commercial buildings in Providence and other cities. -Information from J. Hutchins Cady, Providence. See: Thomas J. Gould . ~ " ,. ,f . ..-1~ /~- ~1,J/1, '~ ..! J~'.tl/' (mid 19th century, Salt Lake City). Believed tn have been the first ·,uchitect in the_ Territory of Utah, Mr. Angell and his associate, Williard Ward, are credited v. . it!i the design and erection of the earlirst buildings in Salt Lake City. During the period between 1850 and 1855, Mr. Angell hecame architect to Brigham Young. and built for him the so-called Beehive Hou~c, a two-story mansion of the Greek Revival type, also erected the two-story adobe Empey house at 180 East South Temple Street. As to the famous Mormon Temnle, under construction over forty years, one authoritative l';OUrce credits the deSign to Angell and Ward (*), '\\fole another gives the name of William Folsom (**) as architect. In addi-tion to work in Salt Lake City, Mr. Angell is said to have prepared plans for the Arst Capitol building in the state, but the structure, begun in 1855 at Filmore, Utah, was never completed. -References: Guide to Utah. Federc:l Writers Project{*); Historic American Buildings Survey, Catalog 1941 {**). ANNAN, JOSEPH PAUL. (2/15/186&-10/2/1936) Shreveport, La. Born at St. Louis, Mo., he ,vas the son of Thomas B. Annan {see), early architect in the city, and received a professional training in his father's office, after which he was promoted to draftsman, and finally in 18SO was made an active partner in the flrm of Lee & Annan. During the latter period he assisted in planning a number of the Arm's \vorks in St. Louis, including the Boatman"s Bank (1890) and <l. residence for Samuel Supples in 1891. In 1910 Mr. Annan moved to Shreveport, and carried on an independent practice in the city until the start of World War I. After the Armistice, he re~opened his office and during the next fifteen or more year's carried on a varied and successful practice. While he was perhaps better known as a designer of private homes, he also was the architect of the Memoriaf Library at Shreveport in 1921. and a number of commercial buildings, hospitals and smaH churches built in northern Louisiana and eastern Texas. -Letter from the firm of Peyton [1 Annan, Shreveport, La. 10/1/1940. f j ANNAN, THOMAS B. I j ..... ··tqpu (1837-11/12/1904) St. Louis, Mo. (A.I.A.) One of the first of the early architects in St. LouiS. Beginning practice shortly after the end of the Civil W?or, he joined the late Major Francis D. Lee {see) in estabiishing the firm of Lee & Ann..""tn, and continued to work under that name until the Major's death in 1885. Among the most important works of the firm in downtov,m St. Louis were the Roe Building at Broadway and Pine Street, and the Merchant"s Exchange at the corner of Third & Cht>stnut. The latter completed in 1875, wa!'. sa_id to have been built at a cost of two million dollars, and at the time of its erection was the largest Trade HalJ with an unsupported ceiling in the country. 22 • ;a ,_,_;;;;u.~~~,~-·~·~-.... ..,.....,._.,.~ - - "'" -.-,,-·.-.,,~-,-,,.*;_.'a;,!:~.. 5J!$,i,i~ -:...;,";'#'.;::l'-\.;'>~),~,c> -i ""'~': HISTORY OF UTAH. VOL TY. 0 r <,OY\ i::. W ltuPr.-'-'--1( ( I '1 0 60 lI !j i I I '· ,. J! I I ( ii I• 'i il'r'>, l"~r '-I) valley, he and his party returned and met the advance company or' emigrants-Daniel Spencer 1 s hundred-about two hundred miles below Fort Laramie. He was assigned a position with his wagon and family in Ira Eldredge's fifty, and turning west once more, traveled on to the valley, arriving here on the 20th of September. Immediately he prepared to make a home. He went to the canyon, got out logs, and soon erected a small house in the "middle fort." In the spring of 1848 he moved ttm miles south, near Big Cottonwood, where he built the first log house. In the fall he returned to Salt Lake City and began building in the Seventeenth ward. There a portion of his family re:;ided for many years. Previous to the organization of the State of Deseret l\Ir. Farr was appointed by President Young to act as a civil magistrate. As such he transacted, he claims, the first judicial business in Utah. He has in his possession the docket of the court, opening with the year 1850. That same year he went with George A. Smith to Iron county, and there raised a crop of grain, returning in the fall to Salt Lake City. At a special conference of the Church in 1852, Aaron Farr, with three other Elders -Darwin Richardson, A. B. Lambson and Jesse Turpin-was given a mission to the West India Islands. Arriving at .Jamaica, they hired a hall and attempted to preach, but were mobbed and opposed on every hand. The population was mostly colored, and there was no police protection. The persecution was so violent that it was thought advisable to return to America. Accordingly, as soon as an American ship arrived nt the islands, they took passage for New York, where they arrived on tho 18th of February, 18fi3. Orson Pratt was then presiding ovei· the Eastern States :Mission, and Elder Farr was appointed by him to labor in the Northern states. This he did until the spring of 1854, when he was appointed to succeed Horace S. Eldredge in the presidency of the St. Louis conference. He himself was soon succeeded by Milo Andrus. Released to return, he arriYed home on the 31st of October. January 28, 1855, he ente1·ed into the order of plural marriage, his second wife, Lucretia Ball Thorp, being married to him by President Brigham Young at Salt Lake City. The following year found him at Fillmore, acting ns a deputy marshal, in attendance upon the Supreme Court of the Territory. Thu same year he went to Los Vega..,,, Arizona, on a colonizing mission, from which be returned in the fall. Mal'ch, 1857, witnessed his rC'moval to O~den, Weber county, which has ever since been his home. lu the move following tbc ' E'!ho Canyon war," bee.amped with the main body of the people on the Provo Bottoms, where be remained until after the U. S. peace commissioners and the ::'ilormon le.aden:1 had met and settled the pending difficulty. In January, 1859, he was elected by the Legislature probate judge of '\Vebe1· county, which office he held until 1861, when he was succeeded by Hon. Francis A. Brown. In May, 1863, he succeeded Judge Brown in the same position, and from that time held the judgeship for Weber county until Ma-rch, 1869, when he was succeeded by Hon. Franklin D. Richard.'3. In the fall of that year he filled a short mission to the Eastern states, returning in the spring of 1810. In 1872 he represented Weber county in the lower house of the Legislature, ancl in 1873 served the county in the cnpacity of selectman. He was an alderman of Ogden city for a short time, to fill a vacancy in the council, and for many years held the office of city treasurer. This closed his public life. He next turned his attention to his private interests, such as farming, milling, and improving his city property. Judge Farr is the father of Hon. Aaron F. Farr, Jr., and Lucian Fau, of Logan, Cache county, and is father-in-law to Hon. Moses Thatcher of Salt Lak~ City. i r i( i I TRUMAN OSBORN ANGELL. ±o be the architect of the Salt Lake Temple is glory enonrrh· for one human life; and this ~dory rests upon the late Truman 0. Angell of Salt Lake City. 'l'o the 1" great task assigned him in connection with that splendid edifice he gave the best years of his existence, and from the dn,y of its inception to the day of his dc:i.tha pcriod of thirty-four years-it was present with him day and night, the darling project of his fondest dren.ms. \Yhat though the sublime ideas embodied in the sacred structure were admitted by him to haYe come from hi~hcr sources, he none the less was the artist who seized upon those ideas and rendered them prnctieablei and though another ~ 0 '&~ t l f, • > I ~ " \>~ HISTORY OF UTAH. fil may have planned, it was he who executed the glorious work.'.whic:h, completed, stands as a monument to his memory. But Tn1mau 0. Angell has another title to fame, He ,Yas one of the Pioneers who in July, 184-7, planted their feet upon the site of Salt Lake City, laid out the town, and saw their leader designate the spot where would be reared "the Temple of our Go<l." He was brother-in-law to President Brigham Young, who married his sister, Mary Ann Angell, at Kirtlanct, Ohio, in the year 1834. The son of James \V. Angell and his wife Phebe Morton, Truman was born at ~forth Providence, Rhode Island, June 5, 1810. Until twenty-one he resided at or near his birthplace, earning his living from his sixth until his eighteenth year by working upon a farm. His parents were very poor, and could give him but little education. Two winters at school embraced all his opportunities in that line. He was a natural architect, and shed tears of joy when at the age of seventeen the opportunity was given him to learn the trade of carpenter and joiner. In Janury, 1833, he became a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and accompanied it during all its subsequent migrations, passing through many sufferings and privations, and finally forsaking civilization and plunging with his people into the western wilderness. The spring of 1847 found him enrolled in the Pioneer band and on his way from the l\Iissouri river to Salt Lake valley. He settled in the pioneer city, and as stated had charge of the Temple as its architect from the beginning iu April, 1833, up to the day of his death, October, 16, 1887. 'l'ruman 0. Angell was three times married, being what is called in common parlance "a polygamist." Plural marriage was a principle of his religion, and as such was practiced by him conscientiously. The names of his wives were Polly Johnson, Susan E. Savage and Mary Ann Johnson, and hts maniage dates, October 7, 1832, April 20, 1851, and June 17, 1855. His children numbered an even score, and of these thirteen are living. ; i HORACE KIMBALL WHITNEY. f:~ RE eldest son of Newel K. Whitney and his first wife Eliza h Ann Smith, the \JJ subject of this story was born at Kirtland, Geauga count· Ohio, July 25, 1823. t His parents being well-to-do and desirous that their chi en should be educated, he was given every advantage of schooling tbat his ti and environment afforded. Be inherited and acquired a taste for learning that la d throughout his life. In his IJl1ybooJ he was quite a prodigy among his mates, ·ing to his scholarly attainments. ··.-\sk Horace," became a proverb among tho seeking for information upon almost any subject. He was known as "the walkin 1ctionary." A mere child when bis parents were c verted to Mormonism in the autumn of 1830, he was only a lad when the Prophet Jo h Smith founded at Kirtland schools for the ~,ydy of ancient languages and scie e. He was one of the first pupils enrolled, and by lu~ quick apprehension soon ac · ed a proficient knowledge of Hebrew, Oreek and Latin. He was also an expert athematician. Later he cultivated music to a considerable tlegree, sang melodiously played the flute like a master. His musical gifts stood lllm in good stead in · er years, when he became a member of various bands and 1!"chestras. As a youth h ·as very fond of athletic sports, especially swimming, at which he was ~1.rong- and ski ul. He is reputed to have saved the life of a playmate, a boy older than !um~elf, wh , caught in a snag or gnarl of roots at the bottom of a deep mill-pond, was drownin<r when Horace doYe after him, brought him to the surface and swam with him to the ore. His general inteHigence, his fondness for sports, added to his genial nature, nm him a favorite with the Prophet, who afterwards married his sister Sarah. . Horace moved with his parents from Kirtland in tlie fall of 1838, when they started ~ur Far ,ve:-t, Missouri, following the main body of the Latter-day Saints, but were mtneepted by the news of the mob troubles and the pending expulsion of their people from that State. They spent the ensuing winter at Carrolton, Illinois. In order to help ~upJ){,r1 the family Horace engaged as a school teacher in the district where he resided, I: !· j ,d}.- @!WM~£.L,.j.tp;z,.4.,Qh . _"""'~:~~-·. ~r::ih'.· ~-'";',, "~ ~-.--- .. q ,) ;;i. q . ;;;i.. Bt Io /'113 H 1 Years of Mormon Heritage 118 • Salt Lake City, Utah 26 February 1884 Having been for nearly forty years one of the presidents and for a number of years the senior president of the 14th Quorum of Seventies, and the reorganization of the Quorum taking place, I, feeling worn in life, but still anxious to be of service was, about December last, advised by President Seymour B. Young to be ordained a High Priest and Patriarch. This arrangement being acceptable to my mind, I received from Horace S. Eldredge, per clerk Robert Campbell, a recommend to Presidents John Taylor and Wilford Woodruff. This was passed into the hands of Brother Taylor who signed it and passed the same over to the president of the stake (Angus M. Cannon) who put it before the stake conference, and I was sustained for that office. President Cannon, having failed to notify Brother Woodruff of said action, the same vouched for by Brother L. John Nutall; and on the r.'Jove date I called at the Historian's office, and was told to enter the private office where I found Wilford Woodruff, the President of the Twelve Apostles, seated at his desk. He called on Apostles Albert Carrington and T. D. Richards and Counselor D. H. Wells, who were present, to join with him in ordaining me a High Priest and Patriarch in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, all of which was performed upon my head, and I felt blessed anew. May age is 73, 8 months and 21 days, my birthday being 5 June 1810. Truman 0. Angell, Sr. The foregoing is a copy of a letter addressed to the Fourteenth Quorum of Seventies for insertion in the Quorum record. T. 0. Angell, Sr. Omission- The above letter should have stated that in my ordination, all former blessings and confirmations were renewed and conferred upon me afresh. Journal of Truman 0. Angell, Sr. Autobiography of Truman Osborn Angell, Sr. from minutes kept and memory combined. I, Truman 0. Angell, am the third son of James W. Angell, who was the son of Solomon Angell, all natives of the state of Rhode Island. My mother's name is Phebe, who was the daughter of Abraham Morton. I was born on the 5th day of June, 1810, in the town of North Provindence, State of Rhode Island, and lived in the vicinity of my birth place until I arrived at the age of twenty-one. While yet but a stripling of 5 or 6 years, family difficulties occurred, which caused a separation for a time of my parents, and thus having no father to restrain me, I pleased myself, and did many things I ought not. My mother, having seven children to support, and nothing but her hands for her fortune, it can readily be seen that my means of commencing an education was very limited, what I have received was very limited and gotten in winter schools, and very little at that. When I was 9 years old, my father returned to his family, but I was shortly after sent from home, and returned only at distant intervals. At the age of 17, I commenced learning the carpenter and jointers trade under the instruction of a man in the neighborhood of my father's residence, and continued with him until I was 19. All information contained in this book about Truman 0. Angell, Sr. came from his autobiography of minutes he kept or from memory and we possess a letter giving us permission to use this material. We are indeed grateful for this permission and for the opportunity to be able to share this great testimony with you. You will note that we have left everything just as he wrote it so as ta make it his story and his warding for that particular era. 120 141 Years of Mormon Heritage About this time I first felt an earnest desire to become a subject of Christianity, and for some months made earnest supplication before the Lord, and from then on, my mischievous life and shortcoming were laid aside, and I have ever since tried to do what was right, feeling that God required it. I joined the Free-Will-Baptist Church, and always retained a good standing while among them. Sympathy for my mothers sufferings in consequence of the conduct of my father toward her, caused me at the age of 21 to remove her to myself among her friends. (Parents and Brothers) Her trials were truly great, she almost sank under them, but my sympathies were with her. The following fall I journeyed, taking my mother with me, to her kinfolks, (Brothers and Sisters) who resided at China, Genesee County, New York State, where I settled, and soon after married Polly Johnson. The following January, being =~arly 23 years old, I, with my mother and wife, embraced the Gospel of Jesus Christ as taught by the Latter-day Saints, through the instrumentality of Elders Aaron Lyons and Leonard Rich. Five weeks thereafter I was ordained an Elder under the hands of Elder Lyons. The spring following I went on a mission in company with Elder Joseph Holbrook, we were absent abut 9 weeks, traveled about five hundred miles preaching daily, and went as far east as Rhode Island. In the month of July following, I, in the company of my wife, moved to a place about 45 miles eastward called Lima. My mother preferred staying behind. Diary of Truman 0. Angell, Sr. 121 by Hyde Bishop (this without my knowledge) prevented me from joining the "Camp" and going up myself to the rescue of the Brethren. After a residence of about a year and a half in Lima, I moved to Kirtland, Ohio in the fall of 1835, arriving one Saturday about 4 or 5 o'clock p.m. The next day (Sunday) meeting assembled in the Temple on a loose floor which had been arranged for carpenters benches, ete., the house was partly (Perhaps two-thirds) filled, the people being seated on work benches and other things. President Joseph, during the meeting, arose to speak upon an order he had given to Oliver Cowdery to seek out a book for a , Church Record, for such must be kept. This had been complied with, a good book had been selected and it pleased President Smith. The Book was not paid for, but was to be returned to Painesville if it did not suit, and the Prophet said he would be glad to have the Saints donate the amount, about $12,50, and the book be purchased, it being of good paper and thoroughly well bound. A man arose near the middle of the house and said he wanted the leaves counted, to see if it would be better to buy the paper by the ream, (The difference being that we might put it in a newspaper, or something of the kind). Brother Joseph spoke out again and said the devil could not raise his head there, but he would know him. I note this to show the little means with which the church was obliged to commence the history of a people destined to become great. At this place our first child was born, being a daughter, but a short time after, the mournful intelligence burst upon us of the persecutions against the brethren in the state of Missouri, and their extermination from Jackson County of that state. I immediately commenced working upon the House· of the Lord, known as the Kirtland Temple, and continued until it's dedication, previous to which I had received my first endowments, which was conducted in the upper chambers or attic, this part of the House having been finished and prepared for use. My heart burned with anguish, I sent them a stand of arms, but extremely low circumstances and the counsel of Elder Orson Pratt and others who were made acquainted with my situation The roof was supported by four trusses, which left us five rooms. In these rooms the power of God was made manifest to encourage wonderfully. t 122 Diary of Truman 0. Angell, Sr. 141 Years of Mormon Heritage 123 I had also received a patriarchal blessing from under the hands of Patriarch Joseph Smith, Sr. My father, who had become a member of the Church, declining to bless me, (this probably on account of a faith) and giving the right to the above named patriarch, which blessing is as follows: While I yet had a day or two more work, and while at work, Joseph Smith, Jr., the Prophet and Seer, came to me and asked me to build a store. I answered that in consequence of being a Seventy I was about to go out into the vineyard to preach, "Well," he said, "go ahead" and I continued my work. In the name of Jesus of Nazareth who was born in Bethlehem, I lay my hands upon thy head. The next day I looked up and saw the First Presidency of the Church together, a distance of about forty yards. I dropped my head and continued on my work. Sa tan will rage because thou art a child of God, and will strive to sift thee as wheat, but thou must remember this day, and these blessings which I seal upon thy head, and also the blessings of thy father, whether he blesses thee or not. Thou shalt be an Heir of God, and joint Heir with Jesus Christ. The power of darkness shall. give way before thee, thou shalt cause the earth to tremble at thy word when thou speakest, yea thou shalt be might as Enoch who built a city unto God. Thy Redeemer shall speak from Heaven unto thee, and thy soul shall soar aloft, and thou shalt be caught up to the Third Heaven together with thy brother, and shall behold the Glory of God, and thou shalt be might and shall be able to perform thy mission through the earth, thou shalt rend prisons and they cannot hold thee. Thou, by the faith, shall quench the violence of flames, thou shalt divide waters, and floods cannot drown thee. God shall speak to thee and thou shalt behold Him, and He shall lay His hand upon thee, and confirm these blessings upon thee, and thou shalt have power to go forth and wend many souls unto Christ, and thou shalt rest with them in the Kingdom of Heaven. And all these blessings I seal upon thy head in the name of Jesus the Son of the Living God, Amen. Recorded in Book A., p. 59. After the endowment I was ordained a member of the 2nd Quorum of Seventies and the following spring I commenced making arrangements to go on a mission. At this time a voice seemed to whisper to me "It is your duty to build that house for President Smith." And while I was meditating I looked up, and Brother Joseph Smith, Jr., was close to me. He said, "It is your duty to build that house." I answered, "I know it." Accordingly I changed my determination and yielded obedience. The numerous and continued calls to do that job soon plunged me in business so deep that I asked Brother Joseph if it was my calling to work at home, he said, "I'll give you work enough for twenty men." I then began work on an extensive scale, and laid my plans to go ahead. Among the multiplicity of buildings under my charge, I had supervision of finishing the second, or middle wall of the temple, including the stands, etc. After some months passed in this manner, persecution commenced against the heads of the church in consequence of the failure of the Bank of Kirlland. This institution would have been a financial success and a blessing to the Saints, which they needed very much, had the gentiles who borrowed the money of the bank fulfilled their promises. Also, Parish, the clerk and cashier, robbed the bank of about $20,000. These things crippled the bank and caused it to suspend business soon after and false brethren in consequence, forced President Smith to flee Missouri seemingly to save himself. I settled with President Smith before he left, and upon settling with my creditors (not having carried in a bill sufficient r .. 124 141 Years of Mormon Heritage to cover my expenses) found that I was in debt $300 over my avails. I had to take the benefit of the bankrupt law which leaves a portion of this amount standing against one at this day. I here desire to mention a few more items in connection with the Temple. The work on the lower hall went to the finishing of the stands, and pews or slips, plastering and painting complete. About this time Frederick G. Williams, one of President Smith's counselors, came into the Temple, when the following dialogue took place in my presence. Carpenter Rolph said, "Doctor, what do you think of the house"? He answered, "It looks to me like the pattern precisely." He then related the following: "Joseph received the word of the Lord for him to take his two counselors, Williams and Rigdon, and come before the Lord, and He would show them the plan or model of the house to be built. We went upon our knees, called on the Lord, and the building appeared within viewing distance, I being the first to discover it. Then we all viewed it together." "After we had taken a good look at the exterior, the building seemed to come right over us, and the makeup of this Hall seemed to coincide with that I there saw to a minutiae." Joseph was accordingly enabled to dictate to the mechanics, and his counselors stood as witnesses, and this was strictly necessary in order to satisfy the spirit of unbelief in conequence of the weakness or childishness of the brethren of those days. The following are a few items which transpired about this time. One I will note: Joseph came into the Hall, the leading mechanic John Carl (by profession a carriage builder) wanted to seat the House contrary to what Joseph had proposed. Joseph answered him that he had seen the inside of every building that had been built unto the Lord upon this earth and he hated to have to say so. Under such childlike feeling they prepared to dedicate the lower hall. The Hall was filled at an early hour in the forenoon, I being present among the rest. Diary of Truman 0. Angell, Sr. 125 The Dedicatory Prayer was offered, Sidney Rigdon being mouth, on 27 March 1836. When about midway during the prayer there was a glorious sensation passed through the House, and we, having our heads bowed in prayer felt a sensation very evaluating to the soul. At the close of the prayer F. G. Williams being in the upper stand, (Joseph being in the speaking stand next below), arose and testified that midway during the prayer a Holy Angel came and seated Himself in the stand. When the afternoon meeting assembled, Joseph, feeling very much elated, arose the first thing and said the Personage who had appeared in the morning was the Angel Peter come to accept " the dedication. To return to my narrative. I now determined to go to Missouri. So, in the spring of 1837, I made shift to get a horse and wagon and started my whole fortune being a 50 cent piece and our needful clothing. The very first day out the singletree broke, and I had to pay a part of the 50 cents to have it repaired. The Landlord where I stopped challenged the genuiness of the piece of silver and struck it with a hammer expecting to see it fly to pieces, after seeing that he had ruined the coin he refused to give me the change due. Also my horse proved balky so with a rickety wagon, a balky horse, not a penny in my pocket, a family to feed and a thousand miles to go times looked bad enough, Fortunately I was enroute with Brother James Hollman and he loaned me $5.00 which I paid to a man with whom I exchanged horses, this horse proved a good or.e, and by selling some of our children's Sunday suits we were enabled to proceed 200 miles. I then stopped and worked three weeks, and then went on again. In this manner, after many severe trials and difficulties we arrived in Missouri in the fall, having dodged the mob in sundry places in order to do so. I immediately exchanged my horse for ten acres of land, but was destined not to enjoy it, for the spirit of mobocracy • 126 111 Years of Mormon Heritage raging around all our settlements in this state. Three days after my arrival I was forced on the march, and remained so until the exterminating proclamation by Governor Boggs was issued, which was to take effect in the spring following, when I was once more turned upon a cold-hearted world, friendless and pennyless, and in mid-winter forced to flee for my life, and no means of doing so my land not being available. I retreated to lllinois, leaving my wife and children, as had no means of taking them with me. I succeeded in' ,ietV· g employment about 5 miles from Quincy and from Heil ravis, framing a barn, agreeing to receive my pay in provisions preparatory for my family when arriving. At the close of March, after having been seven weeks without news from my family, word reached me at '9 o'clock at night that they had arrived on the opposite bank of the Mississippi River, at which my heart greatly rejoiced. I arose before light, and started to meet them. I had eleven miles to go. After crossing the river and wading five miles in mud and water, through brush and timber, I found those I sought in a tent of blankets, on the west side of the East Fabus River. Here a scene presented itself to my view that will long be remembered by me. There lay my poor sick wife, her bed upon the melting snow, very ill, my two littles ones, the last one born in Ohio by her side, their clothes almost burned off from standing by log campfires. No one to care for them all the brethren and sisters having cares enough for their own, though they were kind beyond what could be expected. The river (Fabus) having risen to the top of its banks, and carried off the ferry boat, I was debarred (for one week and until another could be built by the halting company which had here gathered) the privilege of taking my wife to a place of comfort. I learned that my wife had been extremely ill before starting, so low that little hopes were entertained of her living to see me again. Upon crossing the river six days later, I found a home at the Saint Heil Travis farm who treated us with a parent's kindness, and ministered to our wants. Diary of Truman 0. Angell, Sr. 127 My wife's health partially returned but she was never able to work much since. We lived at this farm for about two years and then moved to Nauvoo where I am at this writing, having been here over four years, my privations, and persecutions, sickness of my family and missions have been tended to keep me low in purse, but my health is improving. I had steady employment upon the Temple, having been appointed superintendent of joiner under architect William Weeks, and God gave me wisdom to carry out the architect's designs which gained me the good will and esteem of the brethren. About this time I received the following: City of Joseph May 13, 1845 A blessing by John Smith, Patriarch, upon the head of Truman 0. Angell, son of James W. and Phebe, born in Providence County, Rhode Island, June 5, 1810. Brother Truman, I lay my hands upon thy head in the name of Jesus Christ, and by the authority of my office as patriarch, I seal upon thee all the blessings of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, the Holy Priesthood, and all the keys and mysteries of the same which shall be revealed unto thee when thou shalt receive thy washings and endowments in the House of the Lord with the companion. This is thy right by inheritance from thy father, being handed down from generation to generation, even from Joseph, who was sold into Egypt. Although sometimes commingled with Gentile blood, yet thou art of the house and pure blood of Ephraim. Thy calling is more particularly to labor in assisting the Saints to build cities and Temples than traveling abroad to preach the Gospel. The Lord shall give you wisdom to teach the principles of architecture which hath been head in the Church everlasting. Thou shalt be blessed in thy family, inasmuch as thou hast seen much affliction, sickness and poverty thy house shall be a habitation of peace, health and plenty and happiness shall surround the domestic circle, thy family shall 128 Diary of Truman 0. Angell, Sr. 141· Years of Mormon Heritage became numerous, none shall excel them for wisdom, skill and strength. Thou shalt have faith to do any miracle to accomplish thy work for the benefit of building up the Kingdom of God upon the Earth. Thy name shall be had in honorable rememberance to all generations, thou shalt live to see the winding up scene of this generation according to the desire of thy heart, and all things accomplished which the prophets hath spoken concerning the latter day glory, and the Temple built which is to be done before all this generation passes away. Thou shalt be one of the laborers in that Temple to accomplish the curious workmanship for the woodwork of the same, and receive an endowment in it with thy companion when it is finished, with many of thy children which shall be the greatest blessing that you ever enjoyed ·until that day. Inasmuch as you endure in faithfulness to the end, I seal all these blessings upon thee in common with thy companion and children forever, Amen. Recorded in Book D Page 165 Persecutions have been so frequent that I scarce think of it. But I will say that I suffered much, in common with the rest of my brethren, during my persecutions in which the Prophet and Patriarch lost their lives. The Temple was at this writing, 28 October 1845, enclosed and inside work progressing very rapidly. The attic was finished up complete, and made ready for the endowments, while the lower rooms, basement and lower hall were going on. I received my endowments in the aforesaid attic, together with Polly, my wife, and afterward our sealing and second annointing, which far excelled any previous enjoyments of my life up to that time. At the time (as seen in Church History) when the first encampment of the brethren, ( the Twelve and others) left Nauvoo, William Weeks, the architect, was taken with them. 129 This left me to bring out the design and finishing of the lower hall which was fully in my charge from then on to its completion, and was dedicated by a few of us - Brother Orson Hyde taking charge. (He having come back from the encampment of the Twelve for that purpose). The Church are compelled, in consequence of persecution throughout the entire state of Illinois being so heavy; its army arrayed against us; the determination being to destroy, to flee to the mountains according to the command of the Lord, this being our only chance of safety. I was chosen to go to the West in company with the pioneers, at which my heart greatly rejoiced. After the dedication of the Temple, my exertions were made t.? gather up an outfit to leave for the west. The committee in charge was instructed to furnish me a rig, the best they could, which detained me until late in the summer, they not having the power to get it earlier. I was furnished the two wagons which needed thorough repairing. After getting them ready I put all my affairs into them and crossed the Mississippi River to the oppos;te bank, waiting at the camp for cattle and means to buy provisions. The cattle which were furnished me were young and unbroke. I got some provisions and a rig and started for Winter Quarters. On my way I was taken with chills and fever, which was very severe. I got two negroes to act as teamsters wh,!Yto'dj{ me through to the Missouri (Winter Quarters). \ ) The effects of this sickness lurked about me all winter, leaving me faint and feeble. This was the place of rendezvous for the Pioneers before starting for the Valley early in the spring following. My hope and faith was in future state. I was one of the Pioneers in coming to and making a home for the Saints in Utah in 1847 and returning to Winter Quarters (Omaha on the Missouri River). The following winter I made fitout, and took my family in the spring and started for our new home, arriving in Utah 130 Diary of Truman 0. Angell, Sr. 111 Years of Mormon Heritage in the· fall with an ox team, a distance of 1,000 miles, moving my sick wife on her back every rod of the way, having two children with us, having buried three in Winter Quarters. Soon after my arrival I was chosen architect for the Church, the former architect, Williams Weeks, having deserted and left for the East, thereby taking himself from the duties of the said office, which position I hold this day. In April 1856, I took a visiting mission to Europe, previous to which I received the following blessing from President Brigham Young. 13 April 1856 Brother Truman 0. Angell, in the name of Jesus Christ, we lay our hands upon your head and dedicate you unto God, and consecrate you, and set you apart unto your mission even to Europe, and such countries and places as the way may open for you to travel, and as far as you may have opportunities, open your mouth and bear witness to the things of God unto all people, and the Lord will bless you and pour His Holy Spirit upon you, and your soul shall rejoice in your mission. Ye shall have the power and the means to go from place to place, from country to country, and view various specimens of architecture that you may desire to see; and you will wonder at the works of the ancients, and marvel to see what they have done, and you will be quick to comprehend the architectural designs of man in various ages and you will rejoice all the time and take drafts of valuable works of architecture, and be better qualified to continue your work; and you will increase in knowledge upon the Temple and other buildings; and many will marvel at the knowledge you possess; and as far as you have an opportunity open your mouth among the Saints, and bear testimony of the things of God; and also in the council of_ your brethren be not afraid to open your mouth and testify of what you know, and assist them in building up the Kingdom of God. And we bless you to go and return in peace and safety, and we seal upon you all the blessings conferred upon you heretofore. 131 And we seal all these blessings upon you in the name of Jesus Christ. Amen Previously, Susan Eliza Savage and Mary Ann Johnson were sealed to me, I had been absent on my mission about 13 months when I was called home, my presence being needed upon the Temple. After I was called to be architect of the Church, the buildings of every description throughout the Territory, and especially Salt Lake, were placed in my charge. I will not mention them for they could not be well remembered. But I mention the Salt Lake Temple and the one at St. George. I was notified that they wanted a Temple at St. George about the size of the Nauvoo Temple. Business crowding me so much, I had to take up the design time. While the authorities were at St. George, I accomplished the design; not knowing that it would suit them I did not follow it out in its specifications and details to my usual full arrangements. The plans were accepted, and the building started. In consequence of the lack of my full specifications, I was obliged to visit the place several times at inclement seasons of the year during the erection, this wore upon my system so much that I never have fully recovered myself in strength and ambition. While there upon one of my visits, I craved a blessing and received the following from Patriarch John Smith. A blessing upon the head of Truman Osborn Angell, son of James W. and Phebe Morton Angell, born in North Providence, Rhode Island, 5 June 1810. Brother Truman, in the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, and by the authority of the Holy Priesthood, I place my hands upon thy head, agreeably to thy request, and seal upon. thee a blessing for thy comfort and consolation. Thou art of Joseph, out of the loins of Ephraim, and entitled to all the blessings promised to his posterity by his father Jacob because of thine integrity. The Guardian Angel 132 141 Years of Mormon Heritage hath watched over thee, and home thee up in times of danger, and preserved thy life from enemies both seen and unseen, and will continue to do so all thy days. Thou shalt lack no good thing. Thy say shall be clear before thee, to the accomplishment of all thy labors, for thy desire is for Israel. Thy mind shall be bright, thy perceptive faculties clear to carry out thy labors for the dead and the living of thy kindred. All thy former gift and blessings I renew upon thee, with all thou canst decide or imagine in righteousness. Fear not, for the Lord thy God loves thee, and will lift thee up to sec thy Savior, and stand with the hundred and forty-four thousand, thy wives und children with thee. The joy shall be full, thy habitation peace, thy graineries filled to overflowing, and power in the Priesthood to thy hearts content, for thou shalt surely overcome all thy enemies, and they shall come bending before thee for favors. For thou shalt be a mi1;:1ty man in Israel and see thy children walk in thy footsteps, serving the Lord with all their hearts. These blessings with eternal lives I seal upon thee in faithfulness, in the name of Jesus Christ, Amen. The Manti and Logan Temples I was called to take in charge, but in consequence of their being about 100 miles either way, they were taken off my hands, for they needed the care of the architects and builders on the grounds, and were accordingly placed in charge of my two assistants, T. 0. Angell, Jr. taking the Logan Temple, and William H. Tolsom the one at Manti. Diary of Truman 0. Angell, Sr. 133 Elizabeth Frances, born in Geauga County, Ohio, 14 March 1838 Mariah, born in Hancock, Illinois, 23 March 1841 Truman Carlos, born in Hancock, Illinois, 20 January 1845 Almirah, born in Winter Quarters, 29 October 1846 DEATHS Elizabeth Frances, died 1 April 1838, at Kirtland, Ohio Almirah, died 21 October 1846, at Winter Quarters Martha Ann, died 2 December 1846, at Winter Quarters Truman Carlos, died 29 October 184 7, at Winter Quarters Sarah Jane, was a promising girl of about 14 when we arrived in this valley, was married to Benjamin W. Tolman on 2 ,January 18!i 1 and bore him three chilclren, Benjamin W., ·• Polly Jane, and Emma. Her husband having died, she mnrricd Jarvis Johnson and bore him seven children and died 21 March 1869. Mariah was married to Samuel W. Woolley on 17 April 1858, and has been the mother of twelve children up to date. Polly, after having faithfully lived through a life of hardship passed away with scarcely a struggle on 1 April 1878. On 20 April 1851, Susan Eliza Savage was sealed to me under the Patriarchal order and bore me five children as follows: Truman Osborn, born in Salt Lake City, Utah, 27 February 1852 Charles Edgar, born in Salt Lake City, Utah, 5 July 1855 Zelnora Eliza, born in Salt Lake City, Utah, 21 July 1858 Alice Cates, born in Salt Lake City, Utah, 13 October 1860 Leonard Cates, born in Salt Lake City, Utah, 6 March 1867 The date of Polly Johnson's marriage to me was 7 October 1832. We had six children born unto us as follows: In the Spring of 1855, while traveling in the South in company with President Brigham Young and Heber C. Kimball, I was advised by these brethren to take another wife, accordingly, on 1 7 June of the same year ( 1855), Mary Ann Johnson was sealed to me under the Patriarchal order and she bore me eight children as follows: Sarah Jane, born in Livingston County, New York, 28 May 183,\ Martha Ann, born in Geauga County, Ohio, 25 July 1836 Theodore Johnson, born in Salt Lake City, Utah, 3 January 1857 Mary Ann, born in Salt Lake City, Utah 6 April 1859 The labor on the Salt Lake Temple needed me here to conduct it properly. 134 141 Years of Mormon Heritage Georg.e Washington, bom in Salt Lake City, Utah 22 December 1861 Franklin Darius, born in Salt Lake City, Utah, 5 September 1865 Lewis Albert, born in Salt Lake City, Utah, 26 August 1868 William Willard, born in Salt Lake City, Utah 20 September 1871 Hyrum James, born in Salt Lake City, Utah, 29 July 1874 Oscar LeRoy, born in Salt Lake City, Utah, 22 March 1881 DEATHS Franklin Darius, died 29 September 1867 Oscar LeRoy, died 11 March 1883 Before closing this writing I desire to mention another important incident in connection with the Kirtland Temple. After the building was dedicated, a few of us (some six or eight) having Patriarch Joseph Smith, Sr. in company, went morning and evening to pray, entering at the west end of the Temple and going clear through to the east stand. This we enjoyed very much. The stand being enclosed by curtains or veils made it quite by itself and a good place to pray, with none to molest. One evening, having been in the country, I was too late to enter with the brethren; the company would not emerge till quite dark. I had tried the door and knew they were at prayer. I felt out of place and went to my house, but soon came out and met Brigham Young out a little inquiring for Oliver Cowdery. I said I had not seen him. We walked toward the Temple, approaching the building on the side which was used for the Prophet Joseph and His Counselors; a portion of the attic on the east, and being especially appropriate to their use. In the said attic, and right over the stand where the brethren were praying in the hall below were two windows in the gable end, to help give light to his compartment or room, the windows being 12 or 14 feet apart, and unusually high from the floor, being nearly four feet to the bottom of the lower sash. When about ten rods distant, we looked up and saw two personages, one before each window, leaving and approaching each other like guards would do. This continued until quite dark. Diary of Truman 0. Angell, Sr. 135 As they were walking back and forth, one turned his face to me but while they walked to and fro only a side view was visible. I have no doubt but the House was guarded, as I have no other way to account for it. I insert this note, thinking it may do someone good as it has me. With great fatigue I have arrived at the present date. 20 March 1884. Truman Osborn Angell, Sr. Died 16 October 1887 T. J. Angell, Scribe. P.S. The Panoramist statements as above given are not intended for church history, for that is designed for the church historian; and hence my brief account may be accounted for as herein .set forth; but I might not be noted in that history, for their account is for church purposes and not for me; but I was eye witness to as much as I passed on to date 1884, and took my share, I think. Here let me conclude my ramble. I feel very feeble in health and about worn out so farewell to all my true friends. May the Lord bless you in doing right. T. 0. Angell, Sr. Upon recollection I observe an item in connection with the dealing of Susan Eliza and Mary Ann to me that should have been noted. These ceremonies were private but not over the Alter, and were by President Brigham Young's own mouth. T. 0. Angell, Sr. Truman Osborn Angell Talk given by Marion G. Romney Dedication of Marker for Grave of Truman 0. Angell Saturday, 5 June 1965 - Salt Lake Cemetery Best known as Utah's world-renowned pioneer architect. Born 5 June, 1810, North Providence, Rhode Island. Joined Church January 14, 1833. Came to Utah with Brigham Young's first pioneer company 184 7. From then until just before his death, which came on 16 October 1887, he worked intermittingly for the building of the Kingdom in the tops of the mountains. Much of the time he was the sustained Church Architect. He was the architect for the St. George Temple, Council House, Beehive House, Lion House, the wall around the Temple Block and countless other structures. The paper currency made in Utah was printed on a press made by him. His architectural masterpieces, the one for which he is most famous, was and is ,of course, the Salt ·Lake Temple. President Daniel H. Wells, at his funeral said: "Brother Angell needs no monument at his grave, for as long as the Salt Lake Temple stands, that is monument enough for him." (Wendell J. Ashton, THEIRS IS THE KINGDOM, p. 16) This statement brings to mind the Latin inscription on the black marble slab which lies over the remains of the great English architect, Sir Christopher Wren, which, interpreted, reads: "Reader, if thou seekest his monument look around." (Ibid., p. 127) Truman 0. Angell was, however, more than just a great architect. His character was star studded with sterling virtues which make great men of all who possess them. Prominent among these traits was industry. He was an indefatigable worker. From his youth to his death, he always was deeply involved in worthwhile and, for the most . 138 HJ Years of Mormon Heritage part, creative labor. This is true, notwithstanding the fact that much of the time his health was poor. He spent only two winters in school. While others attended, he carried much of the burden in operating the family farm. In his early twenties, he moved his mother and her family from Rhode Island to the state of New York. His industry in doing this paid rich dividends, for it was here he heard about the Gospel of Jesus Christ and joined the Church. From then on, he was always in the vanguard with the Church. He worked untiringly on both the Kirtland and the Nauvoo Temples. Industry characterized with all his endeavors. In 1852, at President Young's request, sugar machinery was purchased in Liverpool, England. It was set up temporarily on Temple Square, where it produced and inedible molasses. " ... Truman Angell, as Church architect, received the assignment to plan a sugar factory and arrange the machinery. . . . " "That was the beginning of Truman Angeli's tremendous challenge. There stood a mountain ~f machinery, forty big wagons of it. There were no directions for assembling it, not even a copy of the invoice. Brother Angell had never before as much as seen a sugar factory. Now there were vacuum pans, vats, cistern passages, hydraulic presses, charcoal filters, and other odd-shaped paraphernalia. . . . All these parts must be fitted into a working pattern. Then a shell must be designed for housing it. . . . ". . . Truman Angell took up the challenge in the spring of 1853. Shortly after locating the site, he staked off the foundation for the future plant. Then he began the nerve-straining task of studying each section of the machinery. He had diffculty locating parts for the vacuum pan. Also, in going over the machinery, found new pieces coming to light from time to time. Moreover, he must supervise workmen in erecting the adobe walls and the long, gable-roof of the factory. But Truman Angell had other cares which interrupted his attention on the sugar plant. There was drawing to do for the temple, the governor's mansion, a penitentiary, the endowment house, an historian's office, and other buildings. Then there was the steady stream of instructions to give workmen. At one time Talk given by Marion G. Romney 139 he took off to act as foreman of the masons on a particularly difficult job. "I feel as much fatigued as I ever did hewing timber or mowing grass, the two kinds of business that used to weary me the most in early life," he observed in his diary. (Ibid., pp. 101102) While he was struggling on these projects, President Young, because of Indian troubles, asked him to design a fort for the settlement of Harmony. Returning from southern Utah, he went back to his trestle board and his construction supervision, including that of the sugar plant. The prrssure of work continued to gnaw at his sleep, and his health wavered at times. By the autumn of 1854 he had been tussling, intermittently, at the sugar factory for seventeen months, and was still bothered with machinery parts. One September day he visited the plant and returned home ill. By the following February the sugar factory was at last ready to begin operation. Truman Angell had supervised the assembling of the machinery. The building was up. All was ready for the beets. (Ibid., pp. 103104) The results were not satisfactory. Truman 0. Angell was disappointed but not discouraged, nor was he through with his effort to solve the sugar making problem. While he was in England in 1856-57 doing missionary work and studying architecture, he pursued the problem. "There was some secret about sugar processing which he must find, something that would produce the granulated product instead of black molasses." (Ibid., p. 123) Time will not permit us to follow him through his untiring search for the answer in England and Ireland. Suffice it to say that Truman Angell noted his observations, and upon returning to Liverpool, devoted a good part of a week to framing a detailed letter to Brigham Young on Britain's sugar industry . . . in it he expressed' his ultimate confidence in the success of the sugar industry in Utah, and closed with a benediction: "I would say, may the Lord bless all our endeavors to build up the Kingdom in the name of Jesus Christ. Amen" (Ibid., pp. 125126) 140 141 Years of Mormon Heritage Back in Salt Lake Valley, notwithstanding his weakened body, he resumed his arduous labor on the Temple Block. "But poor health remained Truman Angeli's unshakable partner, and in 1861, it forced his resignation . . . as Church architect. . . . During the next five years on his farm, he regained a measure of strength. "At the general conference of the Church the following April, the name of Truman 0. Angell was presented to the congregation for sustaining as Church architect. He was needed at the temple. He alone knew all the intricacies of the plans. There were still many pieces of stone to be drawn and scaled and superintended into place . . . . Truman Angell realized his weakness. "I !eel a good deal worn out," he jotted down in his joumal a few days later, "but if the President and my brethren feel to sustain a poor worm of the dust like me to be architect of the Church, let me strive to serve them and not disgrace myself. . . ." Brother Angell gathered up a bed and a few other household effects, placed them with himself and wife Polly in a friend's wagon, and rode into the city. They moved into a little room between two of the forty-two red sandstone piers supporting the tabernacle roof. Others of the family remained at the farm. Still worn from illness, he again took up his pencil and pen and commenced drawing details for two buildings that were to become revered by the saints and admired by the world: the Salt Lake Temple and the Tabernacle. Truman Angell found that his architectural instruments, too, were becoming worn, and he himself repaired them. His drawing office was as humble as the architect. The cornice of the tabernacle shaded its window so that he worked in the shadows. Then there was the noise of the hammers and the falling of litter and dirt from the tabernacle roof. After a June snowstorm, the office was so cold and wet that for a morning he did not attempt to draw. In less than a month the heat in the shack was almost unbearable. For days Truman Angell grappled with the temple plans, pulling together the loose ends which had been somewhat idle Talk given by Marion G. Romney 141 since the army threat ten years before. He poured over details of the stones, striving to acquaint himself with each, even as a new school master learns his pupils. Each stone drawing must be properly lettered, numbered, and allocated. Materials bills must be prepared for the men at the quarry. There must be sketches for the pattern-maker to follow his drawings for the trimming of the stone. Later he spent some time experimenting with mortar for the temple to make sure of its strength. The tabernacle also needed the architect's attention. The shell was up, but, the interior was yet unfinished. Not only must he design the seating arrangement, the stand, the choir loft, the doors, and the windows, but he must also supervise t.he workmen. His eyes became sore from focusing on the drawing paper in the dim shack. One late spring rain brought severe chills to his fingers. Insomnia often went to bed with him, and dizzy spells occurred. One time when indigestion troubled him, he confessed, "Nothing but faith will keep me going." He kept going. Like a hen looking after the restless brood, he sometimes moved from one workman to another, instructing each in his task. For him, construction must be right. When he found some tabernacle sash had developed too much curve in drying, he himself corrected them. (Ibid., pp. 139, 141-143) Such was the industry by which Truman O. Angell lived and wore out his life. Another of his virtues was an insatiable desire for learning. With all his cares at home, over the trestle board and on the jobs, Truman Angell took time to study architecture, and drawing. He poured over the discussions on ventilation by John -) H. Griscom of New York City, and Peter Nicholson's sketches on L! perspective drawing, and delved deeply into the skill of taking observations with astronomical instruments. Then he fingered studiously such instruments as the chronometer, for determining time, and the sextant, used in measuring angular distances. (Ibid., pp. 106-107) When President Young set him apart for his European mission, he asked the Lord to bless His servant so that he may r 142 111 Years of Mormon Heritage 'open· your mouth and bear witness of the things of God.' The blessing continued: "View the various specimens of architecture that you may desire to see, and you will wonder at the works of the ancients and marvel to see what they have done, and you will be quick to comprehend the architectural designs of men in various ages, and be better qualified to continue your work and you will increase in knowledge upon the temple and other buildings." (Ibid., p. 115) ". . . in his travels he searched out Europe's marvels in mechanics. In the shipyards of London he studied workmen punching needle-size holes through six-inch iron sheets. He called on a fancy turner and inspected his lathes. In London he also visited the gas works, probed into a tunnel under the Thames, and called on a maker of spectable bows who had invented a plan to describe an eliptic arch." Near Belfast, Ireland, he climbed a high mountain, entered a cave, where he carved his name in stone. He prayed and then watched, below, a double-track mechanism through which loaded cars of limestone from a quarry .,rovided a power for carrying empty cars back up the hills. In his journal he carefully described the entire operation. In Dublin he inspected a hat factory, and in Manchester a corset shop where girls between twelve and fifteen years of age operated crank-powered sewing machines. Down along the Thames he lingered through the Greenwich Observatory, pursuing astronomical instruments, canopied by domes revolving on cannon balls and opening in the center to allow a view of the heavens. At Greenwich he also inquired studiously about its clocks and chronometers. He called at the Mechanics Institute in Paris, where was exhibited seemingly every mechanical article produced in the French empire. Delving into Wales, the Mormon architect entered a copper and lead factory, and also Creshaw's Iron Works at MerthyrTydfil, employing seven thousand workers. (Ibid., pp. 122-123) Such is some of the evidence of his love and search of learning. Fortitude. That Truman 0. Angell was richly endowed with fortitude is amply evidenced by what we have already said. However, this great virtue stands out so impressively in Brother Talk given by Marion G. Romney 143 Ashton's account of his crossing the plains enroute to his European mission in the spring of 1856 that I want you to hear it. Having prepared to leave for his mission, Truman Angell called his foreman together and gave them his parting instructions. Then he gathered his family about him, blessed them, and started over the greening hillsides to Immigration Canyon. He was still weak, but somehow managed to trudge sixteen miles over Big Mountain. By nightfall he was too fatigued to stand guard. The next day he hobbled as much of the twenty two miles covered as he could. "I seemed to have no muscle." Yet, he. struggled along ... scarcely knowing how to put one foot before the other." He was desperately ill as the missionaries neared Fort Bridger. But he couldn't give up. Nearing the Sweetwater River, he stood guard until midnight, then he retired to his buffalo robe bed on the ground. There was not room enough for all to sleep in the wagons. Some slept in tents, but this was a luxury beyond Truman Angel!'s reach. The next night he made his bed in the sand and sage brush beside a pond near the Sweetwater. Presently rain began to fall. He covered his head and tried to sleep. Soon the rain became snow, spring snow which is heavy and wet. It was like sleeping under a drenching spray. Rivulets flooded around his robe. He did not get up. There was no place to go. For hours he lay in his oozing bed in the sullen silence of a falling snow, waiting for morning. Arising with the dawn, he found the horses and mules drawn into a heap. A council was held, with the decision that the company should hurry to the willows on the Sweetwater, Truman Angell helped harness the shaking animals. He, too shook. The horses and mules were covered with wet bedding, and the journey began. The snow continued to fall. The very clouds seemed to tumble heavily down to the earth's bosom. . . . Then the wind added its punishing blows, and drifts began raising their defiant, white capped heads. "Some unseen hand," Brother Truman observed, "seemed to glide us down the bluffs to the river safely.'' • 144 141 Years of Mormon Heritage Making camp, Truman Angell and others hurriedly gathered wood. With difficulty a fire was started. Porridge, made with flour and water, was fed to the shivering animals. Elders Angell and Beck raised an old wagon cover over the winward side of the fire, laid some willow sticks on the snow, and there made a scanty bed for the night. Most bedding was used to cover the horses and mules. Before retiring, the missionaries, as usual, gathered for prayers. The storm paused for a short while, and again began dumping its white, soaking sheets on the missionaries. Another miserable morning greeted Truman Angell. He found one animal dead, another dying. The snowstorm ceased, but the wind took up where it left off. Drifts were so high that for ten miles Truman Angell and his companions, forming a double line, tramped lanes for the wagons to follow. Another night came, and this time the little company camped on bare spots the wind had provided on the hills. "It did seem as though the Lord had fixed the place for us." But what of the morrow? So severe was the weather that one of the missionaries lost his sight for a time. It was now May, but the snow paid no attention. "Oh, my weary body," Truman Angell confided to his journal. Then he added, "I have been robbed of a home, I have been afflicted in body; but never did I feel in a tighter place than this journey." The morrow came, and again the missionaries tramped a trail for their wagons. Truman Angell estimated that more than three feet of snow had fallen during the storm. For several days he slushed along through the snow. He had been called on this mission to give him relief from the trestle board, to preach the gospel, and to observe European architecture. But now, on the plains, hardship was trying him as never before. His spirit was willing, but his flesh was weak. Nevertheless, he could with courage and fortitude still write in his diary. "If we are lame in both feet, we have no notion of giving up yet. . . . " (Ibid., pp. 115-118) They pushed on, at times tying their clothes in their shirts as they waded the swollen streams, at other times fighting on Talk given by Marion G. Romney 145 horseback with the vicious tribesmen who followed the buffalo through the Cheyenne Indian Country. Not least among them Truman 0. Angeli's sterling qualities was his love of the Gospel. His whole life is a testimony of this, I will, however, give you one example and his own testimony. The Kirtland Temple was dedicated, as you know, in 1836. Truman 0. Angell was there. He had done yeoman work in its building. The saints, however " ... did not enjoy the solace of the temple for long ... 1837 the Kirtland Safety Society Bank crashed in the surge of bankruptcy. Waves of apostacy followed. The three witnesses to the Book of Mormon, one member of the First Presidency and six of the twelve apostles became disaffected. The Church was at the crossroads." (Ibid., p. 64) Late in the spring of 1838, Truman Angell gathered his little family into a rickety wagon and prepared to leave Kirtland. He was bankrupt; and his only possessions were a balky horse, the wagon, a fifty cent piece ... some needful clothing, and his wife and two daughters. His destination could have been nearly a thousand miles to the west, in Missouri, where Mormons had been tarred and feathered and driven from their homes; or it could have been in Rhode Island, Truman's boyhood home. The boyhood home was to the east and not nearly so far as Missouri. Visions of Rhode Islands' restful meadows and its mansions, its farms and its flowers may have flashed tantalizingly before him, hut there was only one course for this young man who loved conviction more than comfort. He turned his stubborn horse toward the west. The Headquarters of the Church was now in Far West, Missouri. C The first day out, the wagon's single-tree broke, and part of Truman's fifty cents was required for repairs. The Landlord where Angell stopped questioned the genuineness of the coin, applying a hammer to it, the blow so flattened the disc that the landlord refused his customer change. (this you will recall, has been told in his journal.) On he went to Missouri, only to be driven out of the state by ruthless mobs just three days after his arrival at Far West. For five years he struggled desperately against sickness and ,, 146 l 11'1 Years of Mormon Heritage poverty, finally reaching Nauvoo in 1841, where he joined the Saints in building the Temple. About six weeks after his arrival in Salt Lake City, from his mission in May of 1857, he was called to speak in the Bowery. In the course of his remarks, he said: "It is the gospel that has brought us here. We are in the Bowery in consequence of believing in the Lord Jesus Christ, and I take comfort and joy when I reflect that I have voluntered with you to serve the Lord almighty. . . . I have examined myself and have endeavored to look after my foibles and imperfections. That is a constant labor with me. I cease not to prune my own heart to dig about myself, that I bring forth peaceable and saving fruits of the gospel. (I bid., pp. 132-133) Another great evidence of this motivating love of the Lord Jesus Christ and His Gospel, and the last of Truman 0. Angeli's sterling qualities I shall mention, was his loyalty to the Presidents of the Church under whom he served. While he was working on the Kirtland Temple he was ordained a Seventy. The calling of the seventy was to preach the gospel and to be a special witness to the Gentiles in the world. "The Temple must be finished, shops and homes must be erected to accommodate the gathering saints. Yet the work of the ministry must not be slackened. Some workmen laid aside their tools, took up their Bibles and copies of the Book of Mormon and went forth through the woods to preach. Others, returning, went on with the unfinished work. Truman Angell, now a Seventy, was filled with the spirit of his calling, and he, too, wanted to preach, to declare to all who would listen to the joys of the restored gospel he had found in the backwoods of western New York. He prepared for another mission. "Only a day or two before he was to leave, Joseph the Prophet came to the young joiner, he told Truman that he wanted him to build a store. "Brother Joseph's words were stinging. The joiner explained then he was now a Seventy and that he wanted to go out in the Talk given by Marion G. Romney 147 vineyard to preach." Truman Angell bristled with independence that New England bred in men. He was determined to go on a mission. Joseph Smith did not argue, "Well," he said, "go ahead." The joiner returned to his work. But Truman Angell pondered over Brother Joseph's request. He must have weighed his wishes against those of his leaders and thought of himself preaching; telling the world that the Lord had raised up a prophet in this day, a prophet whose counsel Truman Angell not heeded. As he toiled at his work the follwing day, Truman looked up. About forty rods away he saw the entire First Presidency approaching him. Truman dropped his head and pushed away at his carpentry. Then he looked up again. The Prophet was standing at his side. "It is your duty to build that house," Brother Joseph began. "I know it," Truman answered. So Truman Angell remained in Kirtland: building, building, building. As demands pyramided before him, Truman asked the Prophet if it were his calling to remain at home. Joseph's reply was as if the Lord himself were speaking: "I'll give you work enough for twenty men! That was a compliment, a commission, and a prophecy, all rolled into one. The joiner from Rhode Island pressed on with his work. (Ibid., pp. 61-63) His loyalty to President Young is evidenced by the fact that he was with him in the first company to cross the plains and he reurned with him to Winter Quarters in the fall of 184 7. In his work on the Temple, the Tabernacle, and all the other places, he always sought the approval of President Young. "I feel a blessed spirit always when I can suit the President in anything. When President Young suggested a cheaper iron than recommended by the architect for fastening tabernacle benches to the floor, Truman Angell submitted, "He is too important a man for me to differ with." (Ibid., pp. 143-144) U. 5 )/ S LL,.. 7 ()J ,',:, 5 (/,' (e_ e,,,,J,-y J. - ~-----------·----------..:...----....,......_"'-'-'"-'""'-· Pie. ~~-.,_..:....;,.,_~;:;.!'! ,....._._,,,.,,_ ;-;._..;... _,:;.~.-.· . .... 0 O cc "" ,::; •rl •ri <i'.N 0 AN h'-0 00.. C...rl k-0 ::< J oE!'. ::Z:1 "'I g..r::, u, ::=:. v~ :::, ,,. ;;;,: • ~·· ti) " ::< .IO·, ~u "zl ., al !" •M::: :,.; .. .;i h r. .<: h1 CA ... ,.:, ..:l '-Ll 0 z +' (I) h +' ho! a;: Cl) <: 0 -rt "' t'..._,.,.:, • f' . 'J ii: t ,, .~· , '-; '3. ~. r:-' '~ .. = u:: s.L.C. 11 Bookcam •p. 31, 221, 222, 229, 233, 237, Heert Throbs of the West Cl) • Vol. l U .H.!,.'., vol. 14, p. 1, 15,C 19, 20 h'-0 ~ rl .,<: '°"' 0 -0 :,: I :-: ·p. 80, •T-ullidge 1 s Hist. of 0 ~ hO Cll § u ., Cl) (\J +'~ er.> the West." Pio. of Bookcase #1 • "(pie.) SKETCH: p. 630-631, "Improvement Era." ~ 942 • 0 ~ +' • () +' ::< ;. 10/1ifti,an• s 1:' • +'0 Cl) «-.-c..cc.· .... Gen. list. ANGELL, TRL'l!A.'I O. -ARC!ITTECT OF 'f.'il> SALT LAKE: L.D.s. BORN: J"une 5,lBlO at Providence· R.I, TEt'.PLE, DIZD: Oct.16, 1887. See l.lisc. "P~, .t.:anuscript file •. Orti,;inn 1 Pioneer - NaID3 On. 3ri gh!!Ill ·Young Jtonumen·t·i P• 17, D.U .P. B0 ok, Bookcase. (Fie.) p,28,!. Fifty Years Ar,o Today l~case · .o. 7?, 11 1·Jme· Clayton s Jour.U:_· nookcase. - Cl) rl § rl !i ~ ,;.:~ ;\l!rcrJI.; TRlJl.Lu'I O. "I Q)~ '952, :,: ...:i 0"' Q) +' .,-1 ~ '/Ou- · Vol, 1. , P• 464, Vol. ll, P• 584, 91.8, 925, 926, 927, +' "' 4cr.> ., coirrn!UEil ·no. ,, ecn.,i1t1S t:. . z Ut, Gent, Hist_._ 'F• 84, Ut. Geneal. ''.a;;., Volt:¢e 4 - .c:1 1913. Tiendell J. As'aton, Theirs Is The Kin;dom (Salt Lake City, 1945), 49-156• - - - .g ~, ll u_g ~zl §A •.4 g. . .,. ... 0 0 '" ---:C:O:,NT;INm:D l ~ : . . . __ _ _ _ .ANGELL, TRlll.'AN C. Clip Pam. Cen. Hist. ---· See Clip_File, __ Eagle Gate .!Lonument Folder, DN 8-12-46. _ . ___ Se!!_()lip FU!!, __]'._l,_llJnoreL.U:t;ab. Folder, _J:lN_l-:~-46, .DN_. · 6-7-30, DN 3-4-47. ·p. 248, "Storied Domainn Vol. 1 "The !.!ormon l.'.etropolis, 11 l.c1.rge Case, Sec. 1, Shelf 2, p. 24, (pie) See Clip file, Fillmore folder, DN 1-17-48 , ; ANO· ,rs ENVIRONS GV/Dli TO SALT L.4KE C(TY rooms by walls, all h•ving footings. . The line of the base: ment floor is 25 inches above the top of the footing.· Four. I, I inches above the earth on thC P.ast end will begin a promenade •• walk. from 11 to 22 feet wide, around the entire building, and is approached by slone steps on all sides. The footings of the four corner towers . are · 26 feet square, These continue 16 feet 6 inches high, and co~ to 'i .,,. 'J'ruman 0. Angell, Chief Architect, the line of the base string course, which is 8 feet above the promenade walk. At this point the towers are reduced to 25 feet square; they then continue to the height of 38 feet, ; or the height of the second string course. · At this point they are reduced to 23 feet square; they then continue 38. feet high, to the third string course. The string courses 25 l { F~mlt View uf Temple ;~:' N,,::/::zt::JZ:;1::~~~tJ!fjl \. ···'\· • ,'1"· ·, _::··' The temple at Kirtland was 55x65 feet;.the corner stones,;- . ··;·.I.,·.. · werelaidJuly 22, 1833. This.wnl,uiltbydonatio~:and', ..,).f;\·.• voluntary contribution, aild was .completed . ~~d_·_.ciedicated ,:·?/(iS\~~,~---_• March 27, 1836. ·.· ! f · ·V,., ·;i ·• The corner stone for a t.emple at Far. West, Missourir .· was laid July 4, 1838, with appropriate ceremony.,,,Dimen•). ; . ,· sions of building to be 110 feet )ong and 80 feet wide::w \j;.:,.·:.. ,.\, '/>i ' -. ', . , 1''.'f<( i ·(J!.j·g~!f-a~.tf.;&;:z::t-~ct;(-,1t.;>lt ,{iti.~ii~~;1{~i~\~;~~j~tf~1i ~fi~t,'.l·~Jk\}.· ;l.:·t,\fl: :}1t'.r~- ~ h~-rtr:""...-.tJi;ttw''Tr U-< :)_:\J:h;~~~:l~FNtStt,J~i·_,;~'.4·ii(-it"..}'.\:·/ ·<-~~ 1 1 '.} b,t1,~';')f!O:f1.;':5i~i~11':'·:~~.- ·1" 1 AND ITS ENVIRONS... The temple at N~uv~,o, ltlin9is, was about 128 feet long by 88 feet wide. The corner stones weredaid. on the 6th day of April, 1841. The building was erected by'.thHithirig and · . free-will offerings of the peop\e,and was so rapidly advanced , that on the 8th of November the same year. the baptismal . font was dedicated, and baptisms for the dead were ad.ministered. The building was finatly dedicated with public services on Saturday and Sunday, the 2nd and 3rd of May, 1846. After the expulsion of the "Mormons" from Jllinois, this temple was destroyed by fire. · 1' I l ·I I I 1 .. ·:;. :. i '. 1 ' II ,I i i .,.,.,;rl· \. ,. ' Kirtland ·Temple, /. Nauvoo Temple. i '1 ; , __ GUIDE TO SALT LAKE CITl' 20 AND ITS ENVIRONS. ·--------------------- The temple at St. George, Utah, the site of which was dedicated and ground broken November 9, i871, is 141 feet, 8 inches lo~g by 93 feet 4 inches wide; is 84 feet froit, gro~nd :,,' to~top· of parapet. The has·e~ent is or ·v·o1cailiC -~ock, .. the -·· upper part of red sandstone, and c0nt3.i~s ab~ut·l',900 COrds . ' , , ; ., . I .· ' of rock, 1,000,000 feet of lumber, and cost about $8oo,ooo. :: , ..~ " .· r .=-::~:; ~'r r;,-;:.;,.i{fj 1',~]~7"1",tP.it~"i,~fl ~;~r-::~J'~~){~~·:::•(:;·:;}~~~·~~ -· ~-:-:r-.;·..-.·,:··::. ~· •. ,. l 1, J~ f I I i - ! ,: I '&. I ~"ii"" _... ,-='\i 1 i .~itr;~~"\';,f,[:J\{\t'1,t' {-:.c.,s,_';i"' "'' '·;;; -,;{t~~ • • ' ' q,,1.~~~~t • tc The Manti Temple site was dedicated an,! the ground broken by President Brigham Young, on April 25, 1877. The corner stones were laid April 14. 1879 Its size is 172x95 · feet, and 82 feet to the square. Its eastern tower is 179 feet high, the western tower 169 leet high. This edifice stands on a hill which had to be partly removed and required 2,400 cords of rock terrace. 1'9 provide (or its location. This tem- . '·. \.' .. ;. \. :• ••.•'.'.'.! ~ .&"·1~~···""~~:r-.. • ~; I 2I ·-r- "l-i£1; .'.I ' '' • Logan Temple . 22 GUIDE TO SALT LAKE CITY : AND ITS ENvJRONS. ------------·-----~--·----· ~Ly: 23 pie was complete~ ii) 1~88,'a~ti dedicated on the 21st day of the same m~nth .. ,•. ·· _,;,; ·· / ' ' The site of the Logan Te01ple is situated on an eievation or table land in the eastern part of the city bearing that name.. It was dedicated with prayer offered"by Apostle Orson Pratt, May 18, 1877, and the ground was broken the same day. The corner stones were laid September 17, 1877. The building, including towers and buttresses, is 171 feet long by 95 in width, with a tower 30 feet square at each epd; . the eastern tower is 155 f,et, and the western tower 143 feet in height, and 86 feet from the surface to top of battlement. This temple was completed and dedicated with appropriate ceremonies on the occasion of a General Conference of the Church being held there on May 17, 1884, ,. . '~,- ' ,. SALT LAKE TEMPLE. Truman 0. Angell; of whom we give a portrait on another page of this GUIDE, made the original plans of the building and remained in charge of the same up to the time of his death, about five years ago. · Tile annexed is the . architect's description of the building:The length of this building is 186 feet 6 inches, east and west, including towers, by 99 feet in. width. On the east end there are three towers1 and the same number also on the west. The north and south walls are 8 feet thick, clearQfpedes,, ta!. They stand upon a footing of 16 feet wall, on its bearing, .-, , which slopes three feet on each side to the height of 7 feet 6 inches ·The footing of the towers rises to the same height )UO:/ .' ., f ,, "' 1--1se~, - . ·. . , w ~ . £ er. -,,~ I q,o. Chapter 4 FROM PROVIDENCE TO PERSECUTION Blessed indeed was that little patch of rocky soil called New England. At the dawning of the nineteenth century it was a r1uict countryside whose sturdy people were strong in their love of the land, liberty and learning, and the Lord. Farm fields were green and rolling with Indian corn, and speckled with yellow pumpkins or white muskmelons. Bright red currants grew beside picket fences, and pigs, cows, lowing oxen and wagons, creaking under their burdens of hay, moved along the winding roads. Apple-cheeked children gathered wild violets and buttercups and paintbmshes, and filled their baskets with whortleberrics, wild grapes, and nuts, and their pails with the sap of the maple. Stone fences meandered around hilly pastures and orchards, and narrow paths wandered through groves of beeches, oaks, and hemlocks, by walnuts and chestnuts, and beside whitc-tmnked birches, adorned here and there with the carvings of lovers. Pines and balsams scented the hillsides, and countless lakes and streams splashed with the beaver, the trout, the wild duck, and the goose. Inland, the sound of the ax echoed through the clearings, and the bark of the musket might have signalled a fallen deer or wild turkey. Most New Englanders were farmers, proud but not haughty, 42 THEIRS IS THE KINGDOM FROM PROVIDENCE TO PERSECUTION independent in· their thinking but cooperative with their fellowmen. No New England girl, it was said, would jump at the tingle o[ lhc se1-vanl's ],ell. Yd, lhesc form [o]k, particularly in lhe log cabin rq?;io11s, joi,wcl for lhc organiz.cd squirrel hunts, sledding parties, and quiltings, ~mcl huskings. or of whaling near the Antarctic, of the palmy Pacific, or of sculp lured Italy, and of the bazaars of the East. Everywhere .11,'.ng these. rnggcd coasts and deep in the [orcsts, there rose the wl11tc, tapering spir<:s o[ chmcl1cs. New E1I"landers strove lo please the Lord. Calfskin Bibles were well wo~n. The S.1bbath was sacred, and women and girls chatted about Sunday's scrn'.on as they_ carded the wool, spun it by the wheel, and fash1onc~ from 1t stockings or shirts or trousers. The forebears of these sohd people had scltlcd the land so as lo revere their God as they wished. ~reedom to worship lrnd been passed down If a mother wen, ill, the word p:tsscd around. A scwinl-( bee resulted. If the man o[ the house were stricken, tlwrc was a community haying or a raising, in whieh his barn was bnill. Honesty was bred in New Englanders. Travelers W<!rc sur- prised to find farm doors unlocked, even al night During: tlw cighl years of tlic Rl~volulion Llicrc was hut one capital t·.rimc in all Nl'\v England. From the backwoods of Vermont to the shuttered mansions fronting the sea, there was a thirst for learning and culture. Children of the wealthy were scnl to literary academics, private schools, or colleges. In the humbler homes, boys and girls learned to write with charcoal and chalk on kitchen floors. Women pondered over the classics as they milked and churned. Latin, Greek, and Hebrew mingled with the sputtering of logs from the hearth. Nowhere in the world, it had been observed, was the common level of culture higher than in New England. 1 Discipline was strict in the schools. Pupils, spelling in chorus, learned at the crack of the hickory rod. The air pulsated with poetry; Village newspapers vibrated with verse; students like Eliza Snow prepared lessons in stanzas; and others paraphrased the Bible in rhyme. Holidays were commemorated with a salvo of homespun poetry, and minstrels and rhymesters moved through the towns. Even the newsboys, on New Year's, greeted their patrons with doggerel. Sailors, in trousers of white and jackets of blue, brought back to New England ports adventurous tales of pirates in China, ls1:c Van Wyck Brooks' The World of Washington Irving, p. 80. 43 through the gcnerahons a8 a hard~won privilege. 0 This New England, s_till a peaedul eo11nlrysiclc, whose capital, Boston, was not yet a city, produced men and women of stature d_uring the brief span from 1800 through 1810. In literature such g,~nts as Longfellow, Emerson, Whittier, Holmes, Hawthorne-and Ehza R. Snow, the Mormon poetess-were all born there during those years. _Prophets drew their first breaths in this same New England durmg the s~mc brief period. Joseph Smith, Brigham Young, and Heber C. Kimball were all born in Vermont; Wilford Woodruff and Orson Hyde in Connecticut; and Willard Richards in Massachusetts.. Never in America's history has so much in men emerged m so small an area in so short a time. . It ':"~s this New England, with its rustic landscapes and its sohd citizenry, that greeted into the world on June 5 1810 Truman Osborn Angell, a~chf tect for the Salt Lake Temple'. which was to become Amenca s best-known religious cdifiee.2 Truman was the fifth of ten children of James and Phebe Morton Angell, humble farm folk, living at the time at North 2 Truman 0. Angell'~ name was brought to the attention of the world, January 18 .1936, ";'hen Robert. L. Ripley, famous artist-journalist of the 1930's, presented it in hi; mtern~tionally-syndicatcd "Believe It Or Not" feature. These words, accom anied b, a portrait ~rawing, appeared: "An Angel designed the Mormon Temple, Truro~, 0 An)'gd was architect of the great edifice in Salt Lake City.,. · H THEIRS IS THE KINGDOM Providence, Rhode Island. The name of Angell in those environs was as old as Providence itself, because Truman's forebear, Thomas Angell, was one of five dissenters who joined Roger Williams to found in 1636 what was to become the capital of the smallest slate in area in the United Statcs. 3 Pastor Williams and his companions called it Providence in commemoration of God's goodness to them in distress. The pm,tor was banished in the cold of j,muary by Massachusetts Puritans for his liberal rcli.,ious beliefs, sueh as separation of church and stale. Fleeing do,~n a narrow Indian trail, he settled near a finger or the sea which poked far inland, the future site of Providence. The posterity of Roger Willimns and Thomas Angell, his dissenting friend, intcrmarricd. Their names were blended in that of Tnnnan Angeli's father, which was James Williams Angell. Truman Angell inherited little in a material way, but he was born into a family with a traditional reverence for the Lord. This rclio-ious fervor of his forebears was expressed in their very " ' SI'd e was name d names. Truman's grandfather on his mothers Abraham; his other grandfather, Solomon. Truman found himself with uncles and aunts with such names as Gideon, Hezekiah, Noah, Hannah, and Abigail. His elder sister, Mary Ann, was a Sunday School teacher who, it was said, vowed that she would not marry until she met a man of God. She did, later: Brigham Young, and she married him. Tmman Angell grew strong as a New England farm boy. He was fleet of foot, and learned to swim when he stumbled into one of the streams that wind through Rhode Island. Truman plunged into other learning the hard way. When he was old enough to begin school, much of the responsibility for the farm fell upon him. His parents were hardy folk, but incompatible, and his father temporarily left home. Providence in Truman's boyhood was still a village: about ten thousand people, mostly farmers, seamen, merchants, and fishers of cod and tuna 3on August 20, 1637, Thomas Angell, with Roger Williams and others, signed a civil comp;1ct, insuring religious freedom to those in the settlement. FROM PROVIDENCE TO PERSECUTION 45 and oysters and clams. There were schools in and around Providence that beckoned to him: about eighty small private ones, eight academies, and a university, in addition to the public schools. But he could have little to do with them-only two winters, because toil on the farm was so demanding. Fate-it could have been Providence-took hold of this brown-haired, blue-eyed farm boy in his eighteenth year. The resulting experience was one which brought him the intensity of joy that wells up in the soul and spills over in tears. There lived near the Angell farm a man who was a iomcr. A joiner in New England in Lhose days wus un aristocrat, al lc:.1sl in skill if not in means, among carpenters. Ile it was who fashioned the winding oak stairways, the fancy wood pediments over the doors, the porch rails, and carved trim. His was the lacework of carpentry. This joiner took Truman Angell as an apprentice. Joiner work was attractive to young Truman, even as a ball of yam is to a kitten. He was happy as he learned to tailor the delicate wood joints, make smooth the surfaces, and hammer true the nails. Then, too, there was much in the environs of Providence to inspire a young joiner. There was poetry in New England, and it expressed itself in architecture as well as in verse. There were elegant mansions in Providence such as the John Brown house, which John Quincy Adams had described as the most magnificent he had seen on the continent. It was a pretentious, three-story, square residence with rich, red brick and red sandstone and white trim, and shutters by the dozens. It was designed for his brother by Joseph Brown, who liked to study astronomy and who became a professor of philosophy at Rhode Island College, which later bore the family name. Many were the stately homes strewn about Rhode Island, palatial places of brick, frame, and stone, with balustraded roofs, porticoes supported by imposing white columns, and richly carved door entrances; homes picturesque in such settings as arbors, hedges, and gardens of roses, lilacs, and lilies. THEIRS IS THE KINGDOM Architecture when Truman Angell was a joiner was more of a ,astime of gentlemen than a vocation of professionals. Conse[ticntly, lash's were high, such as in Washington's Mount Vernon, dferson's Monticdlo, and the John Brown house in Providence. Truman A11gc~II, lhc joiner, musl have plied his skill on ~ome )f the mansions ahuilding in New England--the type of ctlificcs which wealthy nwrchanls p;,1peretl ~aily wilh figun~s ol' binL..; and tropical rlowers and furnished with French or English tapestry, t·,irvl'<l manll'lpir.tTs from l laly, a,ul daw.fool<'d dwirs. llrulcr conslrudion in Providence when Truman was lcarninµ; llw joiner er.ii'! was llit' l.1rg1~ J\n:mlt\ in tlie hcarl of the busi1H'ss ,listricl. Its thirteen-tun Ionic pillars of granite were for decades the largest monolith columns in America. One column was broken as it was hauled by thirty oxen, and the base was i;scd to mark Roger William's grave. Truman may also have turned his hand to the factory building boom burgeoning across New England. An English emigrant, Samuel Slater, had come to Rhode Island and defeated the British embargo on machinery and machine design by constructing from memory several Arkwright spinning machines. Merchants such as the fabulous Browns, who had made fortunes from silks, nankeens and china from Canton, and from candles made from the sperm whale, now turned their money into cotton mills. Everywhere beside New England waterfalls, it seemed, a mill or a factory began to whir. Fading fast were the days when horsemen like "Shepherd Tom" Hazard galloped about Rhode Island, taking the carded wool to spinners' cottages and gathering up their yarn for the mill. About the time Truman Angell became a joiner, another important change look hold of him. "I felt an earnest desire to become a subject of Christianity." For months he prayed earnestly to the Lord for guidance and strength. "And from then on, my mischievous life and shortcomings were laid aside." Truman joined the Free Will Baptists. Roger Williams had FROM PROVIDENCE TO PERSECUTION 47 founded the Baptist Church in America shortly after his banishment to these lands of the Narragansett Indians. Toward the close of the eighteenth century, an offshoot, the Free Will Baptists, developed, with a strong feeling against Calvinism and slavery. Truman Angell became a11 aelivc Free Will Baptist. 111 his lwenly•sccond year, circumstances were to wrest Lhc young; joiner from the beautiful Rhode Island countryside, its mradows or wild carrol, red <leer-grass, and daisies, elm-shaded paths, ilH sin~lc.~pirc<l churdH~s, its mansio11s a11d its collages, its !'armers and iii; fishermen. · Tr11111:111's moilu,r co11ti111u'll lo be unhappy i11 her Rhode lsl:md home. Conse11ucnlly, he removed her lo western New York State, wh'.,rc her parents lived in a little Genesee county town called Churn. For only a generation this section of the country had been emerging into a farming region from a wooded wilderness, a haunt of fish-spearing Indians and prowled bv the panther, wildcat, bear, and wolf. New Englanders had infiltrated into this area, and many of them like youthful Brigham Younu ' • t,' hatted with straw of his own braiding, had felled the trees, burned the stumps, pried out the roots, cleared the brush, and planted crops. Six years before Truman Angell and his mother arrived, the Eric Canal had been completed, and its touch to bestirring western New York was like that of a wand. Wheat, furs, and lumber began flowing to Albany on thousands of flat-b~ttomcd boats, often towed with cable attachment by ploddmg horses or mules. The boats returned with salt, farm tools, and furniture. Momentous events happened fast for Truman Angell in this new, awakening country. Soon after his arrival he met Polly Johnson, who shortly thereafter became Mrs. Angell. About this time there came through the scttlcmcn ts two missionaries preaching about a new church. Truman Angell, his mother, and his wife heard their story. They testified that God, the Father, and his Son, Jesus, had appeared to a farmer boy in the woods about sixty miles to the cast; that these Heavenly THEIRS IS THE KINGDOM 18 FROM PROVIDENCE TO PERSECUTION 49 Personages had restored through this sincere young man, the true guspd of J csus Christ with all of its original purity. The missionaries explained how other heavenly messengers appeared to this same ploughboy, Joseph Smith, restoring the authority of the priesthood and delivering additional scripture, such as the records of an ancient American people, which this young man had tr:111slatcd from plates of gold and published in what was called the Book of Mormon. Others had been lashed with whips. Houses were unroofed and pillaged, and men, women, and children had been turned out, homeless and some bleeding, onto the winter snows. T~w nwssagt~ of lhcst~ lwo m1ss1onarics, Elders Aaron Lyons and Leonard Rich, strnck nssponsive chords in Phebe Morton Angell, her son Trnman, and his wife. They could have remembered that Ruger Williams, shortly after his baptism in the founding days of Rhode Island, had withdrawn from the socicly because he felt that the ordinance had been administered by those without proper authority. Roger Williams remained a "Seeker" throughout his life. Truman's intentions, however, were stayed by the counsel of a wise young man, Elder Orson Prall. Truman did, though, send So strongly convinced were the Angclls that these Mormon missionaries had heaven's full authority that they were baptized, 1n mid.winter. Truman Angell glowed with the joy of his new discovery. He wanted to proclaim it to others. So, when the snows disappeared through the timbers of western New York, he went with them, as a missionary. His companion was a cousin, Elder Joseph Holbrook, and they pressed forward through the East, as far as Rhode Island, preaching daily fur nine weeks, and traveling five hundred miles. Returning, Truman moved with his wife about forty-five miles eastward to Lima, Livingston County, New York. A year later, in May, 1834, their first child, Sarah Jane, was born. All the warming bliss that Sarah Janc brought to Truman and Polly Angell, however, was soon chilled with gloom. Reports reached them of events in faraway Missouri. There, mobs had risen against the Saints coming into the land. Some of the brethren had Leen coated with flesh-burning tar, then feathered. J oscph the Prophet called for volunteers to hurry to Zion, in Missouri. Truman Angell girded to go. It meant leaving Polly and a newborn babe in struggling circumstances, but duty and honor demanded his services. Zion's Camp a slan<l of arms. But the desire of Truman Angell tu join the body of the Church no doubt continued to tug at him. It triumphed the following year, and the Angell family moved again, this time westward to a bustling little settlement on an Ohio plain fringing Lake Eric. This was Kirtland, headquarters of the Church. The Angells arrived in Kirtland late one Saturday afternoon in the auh1mn of 1835. A meeting of the Saints had Leen called for the next day, in the temple, nearing completion. As he entered the temple, Truman Angell was greeted with a familiar sight. There on the loose floor were carpenter benches. They were the pews for this meeting, and everywhere inside there appeared unfinished work for the joiner. Pulpits to build, pews, stairs, window casings, and door jambs. The proceedings of the meeting which followed made a lasting impression on the carpenter from Rhode Island. Joseph the Prophet arose. His was a Trojan-like figure of a young man not yet thirty, with light brown hair, flashing blue eyes, and clear skin. He appealed to the assembled Saints to contribute about $12.50 for purchasing a Church record book which Oliver Cowdery had obtained in Painesville, some fifteen miles up the shoreline. Herc Truman Angell saw a struggling people, reaching deep 50 THEIRS IS THE KINGDOM into homespun pockets for a few coins to buy a book for recording their story, already a heroic history with such flourishing sweeps as that of temple building. Sunday over, Truman Angell, the iomcr, immediately turned his dcfl hands toward the finishing of the temple, on an eminence overlooking blue Lake Eric. And here, amid the sound of the hannncr, lhe saw, and the plane, he no doubt learned from his mates the n,markablc story of the building of this slone-wallcd edifice. Tlie lt'mplc wa:-: begun lt~8S lh:m lhrt'.<'. yrars lH'.forc. GPorµ;t• A. Smith, jusl lunwd si:xtc·t'.ll, hattkd llH'. fir:,;( slont' from a 11c:1rhy pil. Workmc'.11 toiled 1011µ;, filling the slaLs inlo pl.u:c <luring Lhe day, and guarding their work against molesLPrs at night. ] oseph the Prophet jumped into the pits and supervised quarrying. \Vomcn 's hands were busy: spinning the raw wool, weaving it, cutting it, and sewing trousers, shirts, and coats for [he workmen. Others knitted, m,J some women, Lucy Smith, mother of the Prophet, for one, slept on the hard floor with a lone blanket in order to provide beds for tired toilers. Truman Angeli's exacting work altraclcd the eye of lhc Prophet. Truman was yet only twenty-five, but he was placed in charge of finishing the middle temple wall, including the stands. lie was also asked lo supervise other structures being built in Kirtland. Much was happening for Truman in busy little Kirtland. Other members of his family, including his father, had joined the Church and gathered there. About a year previous his sister Mary Ann married Brigham Young, whose first wife had died two years before. As the temple neared completion, Truman was ordained a seventy. The calling of the seventy was "to preach the gospel and to be especial witnesses unto the Gentiles and in all the world." The temple must be finished; shops and homes must be erected to accommodate the gathering Saints. Yet the work of FROM PROVIDENCE TO PERSECUTION 5I the ministry must not be slackened. Some workmen laid aside their tools, took up their Bibles and copies of the Book of Mormon, and went forth through the woods to preach. Others, returning, went on with the unfinished work. Truman Angell, now a seventy, was filled with the spirit of his calling. He, too, wanted to preach, to declare to· all who would listen the joys of the restored gospel he had found in Lhc back woods of western New York. lie prepared for another miRsion. Only a day or two \)('fore he was Lo leave, Joseph the l'roph<>I 1,:nnc lo llu, yo1111g joiner. lie [old Truman lhal he wa11l<><I him lo build a store. Brother Joseph's words were stinging. The joiner explained that he was now a seventy and that he wanted tu "go out in the vineyard to preach." Truman Angell bristled with the independence that New England bred in men. He was determined to go on a mission. Joseph Smith did not argue. "Well," he said, "go ahead." The joiner returned lo his work. But Truman Angell pondered over Brother Joseph's re,1ucst. He must have weighed his own wishes against those of his leader's. And thought of himself preaching: telling the world that the Lord had raised up a prophet in this day, a prophet whose counsel Truman Angell had not heeded. As he toiled at his work the following day, Truman looked up. About forty rods away he saw the entire First Presidency approaching him. Truman dropped his head and pushed away at his carpentry. Then he looked up again. The Prophet was standing at his side. "It is your duty to build that house," Brother Joseph began. THEIRS IS THE KINGDOM 52 "" I know il,,, Truman answered. So Truman Angell remained in Kirtland: building, building, and building! As demands pyramided before him, Truman asked the Prophet if it were his calling to remain at home. Joseph's reply was as if lhc Lord himself were speaking: "I'll give you work enough for l went y me 11." Hl'II give you work enough for lwenly men." Thal was a !'ROM PROVIDENCE TO PERSECUTION 53 The Prophet's life was in danger. Before fleeing to Missouri, he settled up his accounts with Truman Angell, who remained in Ohio during the winter of 1837-38. Early the following spring a third daughter was born to Truman and Polly Angell, but she lived hardly long enough to receive a name, Elizabeth Frances. A second daugh tcr, Martha Ann, had been born in Ohio two years before. Lale in the spring, about the Lime the buckeyes, Ohio's nnlivc and abundant horse-cl1cslr111L trees, were bursting open compliment, a commission, and a prophecy, all rolled into one. The joiner from Rhode lsland pressed on with his work. their cone-like blooms, Truman Angell gathered his lilllc family into a rickety wagon and prepared to leave Kirll:111d. Work of men like Truman Angell, John Carl, a carriage builder who was leading mechanic, and Brigham Young, supervising the painting, prepared the temple for dedication in the spring of 1836. Outside, the walls were coated with plaster ~ontaining particles of glass and chma which glittered in the sun. Stone quoins decorated the corners, and a tower, with a short, needle-like spire, reached heavenward. Inside were tiers of pulpits and windows with flowered casings, and everywhere was a profusion of hand-molded woodwork. Truman, bankrupt, took with him all his possessions: a balky horse, the wagon, a fifty-cent piece in his pocket, some needful clothing, and his wife and two daughters. His destination could have been nearly a thousand miles to the west, in Missouri, where Mormons had been tarred and feathered and driven from their homes; or in Rhode Island, Truman's boyhood home. It was to the east, and not nearly so far as Missouri. Visions of Rhode Island's restful meadows and its mansions, its farms and its flowers may have flashed tantalizingly before him. But there was only one course for this young man who loved conviction more than comfort. He turned his stubborn horse toward the west. The headquarters of the Church was now in Missouri. After the temple was dedicated and hallowed by heavenly visitations, Truman Angell continued his regular visits there for morning and evening prayers, with a small group of brethren, numbering six to eight and including the Prophet's father, Patriarch Josep~ Smith, Sr. Truman Angell and his associates did not enjoy the solace of the temple for long, however. The following year, 1837, financial panic moved like a flood across the land, uprooting banks and washing away fortunes. The Kirtland Safety Society Bank crashed in the surge. Waves of apostasy followed. The three witnesses to the Book of Mormon, one member of the First Presidency, and six of the Twelve Apostles became disaffected. The Church was at the crossroads. The first day out, the wagon's single-tree broke, and part of Truman's fifty cents was required for repairs. The landlord where the Angel!s stopped questioned the genuineness of the coin, applying to it a hammer. The blow so flattened the disc that the landlord refused his customer change. Peaniless, Truman found a Saint who lent him five dollars. This and his balky horse he traded for a steadier animal. By selling some of his daughters' Sunday clothes, he was enabled to travel two hundred miles. Then he stopped and worked for three weeks and proceeded again. I. 54 THEIRS JS THE KINGDOM In this way, the Angclls reached Missouri. Immediately upon arriving, Truman traded his horse for ten acres of land, land in a rough and rl'ady state of roaring river boulmen, trappers, and tradl'rs, slaveholders, mid S<ttrnllcrs. Shorllv hdorc Truman Ani:dl arrived, Missouri Indian tribes had mar!.'. [rcalics with the government, and as Lhcy departed while sdllcrs poured in. They came from Kentucky and Tennessee, from the deep south, from other sections of the country and from Germany. During Lhe 1830's, Missouri's population almosl lrd,i<·d. Missouri ;is Ilic A11~dls 1'011nd it was Hprinklt~d with loµ; houses, oflcn with puncheon floors made smoollt by the broad ax, roof sheathing of walnut or oak, and heavy hardwood timber doors. Some of the older homes had unchinked walls, and cracks admitted the light and air and emitted the smell and smoke where there was no chimney. Then there were the rail fences, Lhc patches of corn or buckwheat, and the hogs and the chickens. Some of Missouri's early farms were plowed by a horse hitched to a mattock; soil was sometimes harrowed by brush, hay pitched by wooden forks, and wagons pulled on wheels that were liltle more than round slices of logs. Samuel Clemens (Mark Twai,,) was born in a dusty twostrcctcd little Missouri town called Florida three years before Truman Angell entered the state. Not so many years before, old Daniel 13001;e, white haired bul still carrying his long rifle, had hunted and trapped in Missouri's forests, pushed his big canoe down its great river, and, with a ramrod, roasted his venison steaks. ~lissouri in those days was the starling place for most trapping and exploring expeditions into the Fa~ West, such as those of Ashley and Sublette which reached mto the Rocky Mountains. In 1826, a seventeen-year-old boy named Kit Carson ran away from a Missouri saddle shop and began his adventures as western trail blazer and scout. FROM PROVIDENCE TO PERSECUTION 55 Headquarters for the Church at the time Truman Angell entered Missouri were located in Far West, Caldwell Counlv, a prairie town which the Saints had [ounclcd. Calclwell County, it is Ldievcd, was named by General Alcx:11ulcr llonipha11, 4 for a well-known hu11ls111a11 and l11dia11 scout, Colo11cl Joh11 Caldwell. Alrcadv work had bcgu11 i11 Far West on another temple. 5 Five hundred men had completed its excavation in half a day. Tlwre would be much work ahead for a skilled joiner. 111 Missouri, the Saints conli1111cd lo work together. In this n'.spccl llu~y diffcl'(~d from LIH'ir 11eiglihon1, ll~ss coopl'n1tivc with t•ad1 olhrr i11 h11ildi11g tlirir «·011111u111iti«·s. Tlw11, loo. m,mv i\li.ssourians were Southe.r11crs with Jea11i11g:s toward slavery, where- as the Saints were generally from the North. These and other differences led to trouble, and agmn persecution became a constant shadow over modern Israel. Consequently, Truman Angell was not to enjoy his new land in Missouri. Three days after his arrival, the mob drove him off. He was forced on the march, and remained so until Governor Lilburn W. Boggs issued his Extermination Order, commanding the militia to drive the Mormons from ~lissouri. It was now mid-winter. The chill,,d winds that swept across Missouri's broad prairies and wooded hillsides were cold and biting indeed for Truman Angell. lie was again penniless and homeless, and even without his family. Ile had no means. not even a balky horse or rickety wagon: for taking Polly and the two children with him. lie must leave Missouri. llis verv life was tlirca(cncd. Thus, with the frigid winds he drifted, alone in the world. --- 41t was this same General Doniphan who, when ordered November l, 1838 to "take Joseph Smith and others into the public square of Far West, and shoot them ... " replied to his commanding officer, "It is cold-blooded murder. I will not obey your order.'' 5still another temple site, at Independence, Missouri, had been dedicated by the Prophet Joseph Smith, August 3, 1831. EVENTS ALONG THE MISSISSIPPI Chapter 5 EVENTS ALONG THE MISSISSIPPI Across tlw Mississippi was a little Illinois selllcmcnl high on a limestone bin ff overlooking Lhc river. It was called Qniney. lls citir.Pns took compassion on the Saints fleeing the torture of ~1issonri, and proffered aid. Truman Angell found his way Lo this haven, and located a kindly farmer living about five miles out of town. He gave Truman a job framing a barn. This farmer, Will Travis, agreed to provide, in return, sustenance for the Angell family when, arid if, Polly and the daughters arrived. The old Mississippi was a demarcation line indeed for the Saints then. On its west bank was cruel, ruthless, whip-lashing Missouri. On the cast was Illinois, with its Quincy, an arbor of rcfnge. For his next seven years Truman Angell was to work alongside this Old Man River, this winding strip of storied American life. Not many years before, Mike Fink, rough and rowdy "King of Keclboatmcn," courted adventure up and down this stream. Salty boatmen still told talcs of how Mike, from the middle of the Mississippi, could shoot off tails of suckling pigs, how he would jump on the planks of his boat, spoiling for a fight and whooping, 'Tm a half wild horse and a half cockeyed alligator.,, But the keclboats and broadhorns and their pole-pushing Mike Finks had gone. Now, as Truman Angell saw it, the Mississippi was swarming with steamboats, their paddle wheels splashing, some with glistening decks decorated with fancy white rails. Steamboat tonnage in the Mississippi Valley in the late forties, it is said, outstripped that of the entire British Empire. Then occasionally acre-large chunks of freshly-sawn timber floated down lhc serpentine wav. They were rafts, with three or four 57 wigwams poking up to protect the crew from the weather, rafts to which, about this time, Mark Twain and his barefoot chums at Hannibal, some twenty miles downstream from Quincv, would ' swim for a ride. Truman Angell remained to the cast of the Mississippi, toiling at Will Travis' barn, and watching and wailing for news from the Missouri side. Two weeks passed: no word from Polly. Three weeks: not yet a line. A month. Five weeks. A monlh-ancl-a-lrnlf: still not an inkling from Polly. Then one March night after seven weeks the news came. Polly and the girls, Sarah Janc and Marlh:t Ann, had arrived on the opposite side of the river. Before the dawn of the next day, Truman arose. After crossing the river he still had eleven miles to go. Through mud and water he slogged for five miles. Then he thrashed through brush and timber. He found them on the west side of the East Fabus River in a tent of blankets. Polly lay abed on melting snow. She was ill, desperately so. Huddled beside her were Sarah Jane and Martha Ann, their clothes scorched and burned to rags from hugging log campfires for warmth. Truman prepared to remove them to Illinois. But carlv sprino' t, floods had swollen the Fabus River and carried off the ferryboat. For a week the Angclls remained while the little handful of homeless Saints in the camp built another boat. Crossing the Mississippi, the Angclls found shelter at Will Travis' farm near Quincy, remaining there for two years, during which time Polly partially recovered her strength. Meanwhile, over an Illinois bog about fifty miles up the Mississippi from Quincy, the Saints had begun lo build up a city, first called Commerce, later Nauvoo, meaning "beautiful." Truman Angell again moved his the Church, now in Nauvoo. This Nauvoo elected its first mayor lieutenant-general of its Legion; the family to the headquarters of was in 1841, the same year and named Joseph Smith year that another temple was THEIRS JS THE KINGDOM 58 begun, on a dome-shaped hill overlooking the Mississippi, which wound like a ribbon almost halfway around this budding new citv of the S:tin ts. Herc a prnplc were once more struggling upward from puvcrtv'.s pit. Joseph the Prophet described in a conference the C'Cll'nt of his own humble possessions shortly after the temple was begun: his horse, Charley, given him in Kirtland, two pet deer, l\vo old turkeys and four young ones, an aged cow given him in ;\lissonri, his old dog, M,1jor, a lillle ho11sd1old f11rnil11re, and his wife and chililr,·n. Soon ,1l'Lcr hi:-, arriv.il in N,mvoo, Tr11mm1 Angell t'.011tmc11ct•d working 011 the temple. The eorner.stone had Leen laid amid rejoicing: parading by the Nauvoo Legion, flaunting a bcau liful new silk flag made Ly the women of Nauvoo, and band music, choral singing and prayers, while ten thousand people looked on. As the temple began, nearly all work was contributed in the form of tithing: brethren, with little money but ready hands, giving a tenth of their time to digging the foundation and hewing out the light gray limestone, and fashioning it for the walls. Some of the men who toiled on the temple did not have so much as a pair of shoes to cover their feet. Later, contributions by the Saints of produce, land, and money crwblcd the Church leaders to employ full-time workmen. The Saints were determined to sec the temple through. Hyrum Smith appealed Lo the women of the Church to each contribute one cent a week for buying glass and nails for the temple. Most worn<'.ll conlributcd a year's subscription lo Lhc drive in advance. As the walls rose higher, women of the La Harpe and Macedonia branches saw the need for another crane, and in a few days raised one hundred ninety-four dollars, more than enough to purchase the equipment. Joseph Toronto, a seasoned seaman from northern Italv who had joined the Church, walked into one of the auth~ritics' council meetings. pulled from his pockets several cove oyster EVENTS ALONG THE MISSISSIPPI 59 cans, and rolled across the table to Brigham Young their contents: twenty-five hundred dollars in gold coins, his life's savings. A boy, Ben Driggs, gave his most cherished possession, a little wagon made by his father, to temple workmen for carrying their toob. Timber was needed for Truman Angell and· his associate carpenters. A group of woodmen were sent five hundred miles northward into the lake-flecked forests of Wisconsin. Axes flashed, tall pines bounced onto the snow-blankdcd ground, and by Lhc rollowing sumnicr mammoth rafts of Limbc.r were on their way down the Mississippi i'or Nauvoo. Lum l,.,r piles by the lt•mplc Wt'l't~ ~tiardt~d al night .ig~,iust i11ct·1uli.1rit·:--. Yc:--. ll1c tendrils of mob opposition were reaching into Illinois, this slate which had been a refuge from the nightmare of Missouri. But, mob or no mob, the temple building must go on. Had not the Lord said to his people: "But I command you, all ye Saints, to build a house unto me"? Less than a year after the temple was begun, the baptismal font, resting on the backs of twelve pine-carved oxen, had been finished. Cranes groaned, and sometimes collapsed, in hoisting stones weighing as much as two tons into place. But the walls continued to rise. Meantime, Nauvoo was flowering into a beautiful city, the largest in all Illinois, with twenty thousand people, while Chicago was yet a drowsy little prairie village along Lake Michigan, with barnyard-like streets. Nauvoo might well have been one of Truman Angeli's New England towns. There were red brick, two-story mansions, homes like Heber C. Kimball's with doubledeck porches, and Parley P. Pratt's with more than a dozen windows across its broad front. There were picket fences and gardens of marigolds, lady-slippers, heartscase, d,ihlias, and st11tflowers. There were the familiar wells with sud,\en buckets and clanking chains. The hills about were yellow with grain, and green with young orchards, But Nauvoo streets did not wind like those in Providence. They were straight, dividing the citv into s<1uare blocks. Tl!EIRS IS TIIE KINGDOM 0 /\ 11all of ,rloom moved across Nauvoo the beautiful, however, ~ n the early sumnH,r of 1844. The mob finally felled its 11uurry, ioscph Smith the Prophet, slain in cold blood with his brother llyrum in Carthage, about twenty miles from Nauvoo. Work on llH~ temple ceased. Once again the flame Clmr('h l'lickcrcd, al h'.a:--L so :-omc thought. or the Trul', lhc Prophet was dcall, bul not the tcslimo11iPs of Lliosc like Truman Angell who affirmed his divine mission. Eleven days aflcr a mobbcr's lmllct cn,kd Brother Joseph's life, work on the temple was resurm~d, though there was not so much as a bushel of mt'al or a pound of flour or mc;.1l for paying the workmen. \VinlPr eanH\ StoJH~ work wa.s discontinued, but ·rruman and fourlccn other carpenters toiled away in a temporary shop on the grounds. The following spring the capstone was laid by President Brigham Young of the Council of the Twelve, at 6:22 a.m. William Pitt's Nauvoo band played the "Capstone March," aaid three times the crowd shouted, "Hosannah! Hosannah! llosannah! to God and the Lamb! Amen! Amen! and Amen!" The following autumn a conference was held in the unfinished edifice. Enemies of the Church did not rest, however. Not satisfied with the lives of the Prophet and his patriarch-brother, they continued to threaten the Saints. In Quincy itself, which Truman Angell six years before had found a haven, a mass meeting against the Mormons was held. There was a cry to drive them from Illinois. No longer was peace with Nauvoo. The following February, the Mormon exodus to the West began, with Brigham Young and other apostles leading the way. But Tmman Angell remained in Nauvoo. The temple was not vet finished. There were mob threats. He no doubt knew that he ~uist soon leave Nauvoo for his very life. Yct, the temple must be completed and dedicated to the Lord. Truman, who had EVENTS ALONG THE MISSISSIPl'I Gl become chief joiner under the architect, William Weeks, now was placed in charge of designing mid finishing the lower hall of the temple. Brother Weeks had gone west with the first encampment. The Twelve had sent back Orson Hyde to take charge of the temple's completion. By the end of April the temple was finished, enthroned mnjeslically on its eminence commanding the Nauvoo country. Its thirty stately stone pilasters stood like gray-~arhcd guardians, and its white and gold spire, crowning a terraced tower, gleamed regally in Lhc sun. Orson Hyde, Tmmnn Angell, and a few others gathered within the completed stmcture, and on April 30, l!M,6, privately dedicated it. The following day a public ceremony was conducted. The Saints had met the Lord's request. His house was finished. Truman once again turned to the West, where the Saints were fleeing to another new home. It was not until late summer that he was able to gather up a few belongings, obtain some young and unbroken cattle and a wagon, and leave for the Mormon encampments on the plains. The Angell family now consisted of six; two children, Mariah and Truman Carlos, having been born in Illinois. Truman's heart must have been heavy when he heard what happened to the temple shortly after his departure. There, big, bellicose Thomas S. Brockman, leader of the mob which drove the last remnant of the Saints from Nauvoo, established his headquarters. There, where Truman had toiled so long and prayed so fervently, was an outburst of ribaldry. Liquor flowed. Bottles crashed to floors that were once sacred, and at night, oaths, drum booms, and steamboat bell clangs mockingly emanated from the temple tower. Truman Angell was a sick man as he bumped across the prairie lo Winter Quarters in a wagon driven by two Negro teamsters. Severe chills and fever gripped his body, which re- ,. ' 62 THEIRS IS THE KINGDOM rnaincd weakened throL1ghout the cold, cruel winter which followed in Winter Quarters. 13nt there was little time for one tu be idle, feeble thollgh he might be, in this rcndc,,vous on the west bank of the Missouri, which Brigham Young said, u . . . sprung np in a night, as it were, like Jonah's gourd." Homes were hurriedly bL1ilt, some of dirt and some of log. Some clnrnncys were made of sod, spaded in the form of bricks. llcarths were fashioned from clay. Roofs were built of timber, some covered with mud, others with shingles, and some with oak shakes fastened with weight poles. Split and hcwcn pllnchcon provided som,• floors; the cold earth, others. Also, there was hav lo sevthc and wood to chop for winter. · Heartaches came tu Truman and Polly Angell at Winter Quarters. Shortly after their arrival another daughter was born to Polly. The babe, named Almirah, F"ed only ten days. A month !ater Death's fickle hand reached into their home again, this time lakmg Martha Ann, now ten years old. Then there was an Indian incident. Winter Quarters ·was situ_atcd in 111? lands of the Omahas, whose name means "going agamst Lhc wind or current.'' These Indians, often at war with the neighboring Sioux, rubbed or pounded their food in mortars of round wood hollowed by burning, and ate with spoons made from horn, wood, or pottery. They bartered some with the Saints. Indians one day visited the Angell home. Little Mariah, about six, caught their eyes. They offered horses to her father in exchange for her. Truman Angell liked a joke. "I guess we can make a trade," he laughed. The Indians left. The next day they returned while Truman and Polly Angell were away. They brought with them their part EVENTS ALONG THE MISSISSIPPI 63 of the trade, and began looking for little Mariah, who had been playing hide-and-seek with neighbor children. She hid, under a bed, reaJi,,ing now that hide-and-seek was no longer a game. The Indians were breaking camp on the morrow and wanted Lo lake their new bargain with them. The brave began a search of the little Angell home. 13rcalhless, Mariah concealed herself as best she could behind the bundles under the bed, which was draped with a valance. The red man moved up to the bed. Then he lifted the valance. Mariah trembled. His eyes searched for his paleface pri,,e. Somehow the [ndian did nol sec Mari:ih, :111d, disappointed, • he lcfl. TO THE WEST 65 directing companies Lo follow, and tinkering with his roa<lomclcr, a wooden-cogged wagon contraption for measuring the miles; Chapter 6 Orson Pratt, peering through his telescope at the sun, the moon, and the stars, measuring elevations and latitudes with his instruments; TO THE WEST Wilford Woodruff, his English fishing pole and reel on his shoulder, hustling off to a stream; Winter Quarters teemed with activity when springtime had scarcely greened the Missouri's banks in 1847. Plans were under way for the first company to push westward to establish a new home in the Rocky Mountains. President Young and his associates made a careful selection of those who were to go. There must be craftsmen lo build bridges, roads, and rafts. It was not surprising, then, that Truman Angell was among those selected, about one hundred fifty in all. Truman once more bade Polly and the children, now numbering three, good-bye, and started on his new adventure, adventure \\~th Indians of various tribes, buffalo, trappers and scouts, wolves and rattlesnakes, plains and mountains, storms and heat. Truman found himself surrounded by unique characters in interesting roles in this band of doughty Pioneers. Smithies like Burr Frost and Thomas Tanner, sweating over portable anvils, forges and bellows at the various wagon circle encampments, caring for wheel tires and hooves; Hans Hansen, a Dane, stroking lively tunes on his fiddle while high-booted men whirled away under the moon in dance; Port Rockwell, galloping off to the antelope hunt, and returning with his bag, a new Indian Lale, or stray cattle; William Clayton, scrolling in his journal under the light of a candle made from the fat of the buffalo, posting limber signs Luke S. Johnson, the physician, caring for the sick, treating a rattlesnake bite, and driving ahead in a peculiar wagon box of sole leather, used as a boat by the brethren for fishing and exploring streams, and for rescuing men marooned on rafts, and as a speaking stand for Brigham Young; (On what was perhaps the boat's first lake fishing expedition on the· journey, near the Platte River, Luke Johnson and his mates netted one snapping turtle, one duck, two small catfish, and two creek suckers.) Thomas Bullock, another scribe, writing on a buffalo skull a message to oncoming companies, and planting handfuls of yellow or white corn as he went, even as famous "Johnny Appleseed" only a few years before had done, tramping barefoot across Ohio, with his New Testament and bag of apple seeds; And Brigham Young, that indomitable leader, sometimes stripping to the waist to make a raft of white pine and cottonwood, directing some to the hunt and others to the timber, dining and chatting with buckskin-clad trappers and traders, and, astride his horse on a flowered hillock, suryeying the landscape ahead. The average age of members of the company, exclusive of several children, was thirty-three, and their number included three women and three Negroes. The journey began as the cottonwoods bloomed and the ";Id elm and willows lca[cd. After Truman crossed the Elkhorn, where wild hay was scythed for the cattle, all men in Lhc 68 THEIRS IS THE KINGDOM tlu,y l'aw,wes or Sioux'! Did legions lurk in the distant shadows, their bowstring~ taut, their scalping knives handy'? Trigger fingers were ready. The camp awaited any eventuality. All men remained at their posts until sunrise. But the attack did not come. Inspecting the tracks, one of the brethren versed in Indian lore prono111w,·d them lo be those of the Sioux. These threats, these Indian scares, all added thrilling new chapters lo the life's story of a man who once was a JOlrler in quiet New En~land. Other adventures on this historic trek hung colorful pidun, after picture in Truman's gallery of memory. There were the buffalo scenes. Somclimcs the very earth seemed to hcaw and roll with the dark brown masses of these shaggy monsters, moving across the plains by the tens of thousands. Often stray calves wandered into the wagon train with sequels of both comedy and tragedy. One calf, some of the men playfully succeeded in getting to drink water from a bucket. Another entered camp, and, on President Young's orders, was set free. llut its liberators did not properly conceal themselves, and its mother hesitated too long. A wolf, its fangs flashing, pounced on the helpless lillle straggler, and, before the brethren could rise to the rescue, had done its deadly deed. Then the Pioneers' train, tugged by oxen and horses and mules, wound through the abandoned hunting camps of the Sioux, strewn with acres of bleaching bones, loose buffalo wool from the dressed skins, and carcasses by the score, stripped of their skins, tongues, marrow bones, and other choice cuts, and left for the wolves. Also lying about were the Indians' discarded horse halters, worn moccasins, leather goods, and old wolf skins. There were new pictures of nature's beauty for Truman, too: the vast stretches of blue grass, freckled with patches of brown, shaggy buffalo grass; the fields of blue and white prairie daisies rolli11g in the breeze like foam-lathered waves; the splashes of wild roses in the country about Fort Laramie, a wilderness outpost, defiant with its high-bastioned clay walls; the colorful red buttes of the Laramie plains with their fantastic shapes, and TO THE WEST 69 the snow-bearded Rockies, rising paternally over groves of gooseberry bushes, willow-lined streams, clovcred dells, and wild gardens of red and yellow prickly pear blooms, blue flax, buttercups, and currants. These hardy Mormon frontiersmen, some of whom could shoot off the head of a ralllcsnakc with one boom of the gun or fell an antelope in full flight, were different indeed from other travelers lo the untamed West. They did not woo adventure for itself. Most of them left families behind, seeking for them a new home; not for the glory of gold or the fortune of furs, but for worshiping the Lord in peace, far away from the ill winds of Ohio and Missouri and lllinois. At Fort Laramie, the French superintendent, James Bordeaux, remarked on the exemplary decorum of the Mormons. They would go nowhere without seeking permission. They were gentlemen, indeed, in this frontier post from which baled buffalo robes, many brought in by the Sioux, were wagoned away to the East by the thousands. On the plains, buffalo meat was shared by the group (which included nine apostles), and when some of the brethren received flour and bacon for ferrying some Missourians across the Platte, the proceeds were shared through the camp. George A. Smith, youngest of the apostles, in the mountains treated the Pioneers to a Fourth of July delicacy-ice cream made from sugar and snow. To these rugged men, some with wolfskin caps and some with buckskin pants or coats or shirts, the Lord was their Pilot. At five a.m., a horn woke them for prayers in their white-domed wagons. In the evening the procedure was repeated. Then there were scenes such as that of Wilford Woodruff ascending the highest peak of massive Independence Rock, and there pouring out his soul to the Lord. Near the trail's end when President Young was stricken with mountain fever, ten of his associates, climbing a high, steep hill in Echo Canyon, pleaded to their God to spare him. The following day a bowery was built for a prayer meeting. THEIRS IS THE KINGDOM 0 Wilford Woodruff may have related to Truman Angell, the emple I.milder, his dream on the plains. Wilford saw the jour1cy's end, where a new stake of Zion was raised up. There stood 1 temple, spkndrous in blue and white stone. Arter nearly four months on the trnil, Truman Angell, passing some six miles through a deep canyon ravine and then onto an apron or the towering hills, caught his first glimpse of Salt Lake Valley, shawled dcsolaldy in the blue-gray of sagebrush. Yct, Truman must have fell with Brother Woodruff, when he said: "It was tlH~ grandest s1:t'1W lhat we had t~vr.r hchdd l"o this moPlP:.is:ml thoughts ran through our minds 71 the children for the journey to the West the following year. He left Great Salt Lake City, for that was what the new settlement was named four days before he departed, in company with President Young and about one hundred others. They took no oxen, only horses and mules. The journey musl be fosl. Winter was not far away. Perhaps Truman Angdl, too, had dreams or his own. menl.... TO THE WEST al the prospect that, not many years hence, the House of God would be established in the mountains and exalted above the hills." Four days after the m.!in company entered the valley, [,righam Young designated the site of the future temple: between foe forks of City Creek. Another temple, another House of the Lord, here in the West, where there were no n1obs, no governors to issue extermin- ation orders, and no plotting apostates. This was the new Zion. Herc would be peace, greater peace, perhaps, than even Rhode Island ever knew. Thoughts such as these must have run through Truman Angeli's mind. Yes, he was here in the mountains at last, here where prophets had said modern Israel would dwell. Herc would be peace, but no rest. There was plowing to do for planting of potatoes, buckwheat, beans, and turnips. The season was already late. Dams must be built, and irrigation ditches dug. Surrounding canyons must be explored, timber felled, and a fort constructed. After little more than a month in the valley, Truman Angell was ready to return to Winter Quarters and to prepare Polly and On the return, Truman Angeli's group met company after company of Saints wending their way to th, new desert home. Toward the end of the journey to Winter Quarters, their flour and other rations expired. Buffalo and antelope meal bi,came the regular menu day in and day out. Some or the brethren, as a result, .suffered sev<~rdy with diarrhea. llorsPs, loo, lwcamc weak in Lhc rush. Some of them had Lo he helped lo Lheir [eel in the morning. Then the snow came. There was excitement, too. Brigham Young and three other apostles were once chased by a wounded bear, finding surety on a nearby cliff. Great was the jubilation when the company arrived in Winter Quarters on the last day of October. Crowds filled the streets. Wives embraced husbands, and children clung to returning fathers. The Lord was praised. Not one of the Pioneers had died or met with serious accident. The return for Truman, however, had a bitter flavor-the bitterness of disappointment which so often sinks deep into the stomach and lodges gnawingly there. Two days before Briuham Young's company arrived, death, that cold, cruel creature ;hich had twice before haunted the Angell home in Winter Quarters, had come again. This time it was little Truman Carlos, his father's only son, not yet three years old. Truman and Polly Angell had been blessed with six children. Now only two, Sarah Jane, thirteen, and Mariah, six, remained. During the winter, Truman's hands were busy auain, makinu a "f"1tout" f or t h e Journey . " to the mountains. He was" also probably one of those called to erect the log tabernacle at Winter THEIRS IS THE KINGDOM q,any marched beside their wagons with guns over shoulders. ·ons now traveled two abreast, on orders of President Young, 'the company was entning the Indian lands, those of the ·m·t~H ,md Sioux. The Pawnees were colorl'ul-cvl'n hidPous~ing warriors, usually garlwd only in brcechclolh and wilh ,ted faces and shaved heads, except for a narrow, red ridge, a cock's comb. They wen, burfalo hunters and generally d in lodges of earth. Bowstring marksmanship was a tradition h the wily and fearsome Sioux, those hereulean-statured 1lcrs of the plains who loved gay trappings of beads and thcrs ,nHI who sch·etcd their chiefs not by heredity, usually, through prowPss and popularity. Tlwrc wen, Jndi,m scan,s near the 1'1"lle River, where the. ,nrcr:-. f('.d their animals in the rushes and deep grass, and on ctonwood bark and buckets of corn. The company passed by a wncc village of about one hundred lodges in a forest clearing :ir a stream. About noon some seventy-five Pawnees, led by ,ir chief, waded the shallow strca .. 1 and strolled into the >rr,1011 camp. The chief and his braves presented certificates, signed by 1itc traders, affirming friendliness of the tribe toward travelers. ,en the Indians gestured for presents. The brethren gave them ch articles as powder, lead, sail, flour, fishhooks, and trinkets. igham Young stretched out his hand to shake in fellowship. ,c angry chief refused. Through his interpreter he said that the :ap of gifts was too small. He wanted tea, coffee, and sugar. At night the brethren watched Indian fires burn ominously about. What did it mean? Some of the men fired their guns warning. One hundred men stood guard that night in the rain, ,Id, and wind, but there were no Indians. The next day Truman Angell passed near a government alion, whose houses and blacksmith shop had been raided and rn1cd Lv the Sioux shortlv before. That night a special picket rnrd wa~ detailed lo watuh the ravine to the north. The camp luurnn was loaded, and Thomas Tanner, an Englishman in its TO THE WEST 67 charge, drilled his crew until dark. Again the night passed without particular excitement. The following day one of the company rode into camp with a report that he had visit<,d au old Pawnee village about a half-mile to the west. He had counted the remains of about one hundred seventy-five huts which had been burned to the ground by the Sioux. Wilford Woodruff, his clothes wcl from a stream experience, was among those who watched that night. Still there was no disturbance. The company then crossed the Loup Fork, whose banks were lrn,h with hluc grass, and cmnped near a lake swanning willi s1'l111'ish, which conlrihuk<l lo llie cvcni11g meal. Bul Lhere were still Indian threats. Fresh footprints were found around the camp, so the guard was doubled, and the cannon again rolled into position. Again, however, the red man did not come. That was Saturday, and Sunday only the occasional honking of wild geese and clanging of cattle bells disturbed the quiet. There were special prayers, choral singing, and preaching. There was no fishing or hunting, even though some of the brethren caught their first glimpse of antelope across the river. Spy glasses, not guns, were lifted lo view these lithe rovers of the plains, their short prongs, their smooth, brown backs, and their while bellies. It was Sunday. After dark, members of the Council of the Twelve organised a company of buffalo hunters. During the night, shortly before the first streaks of dawn, Truman Angell was roused from his sleep by the alarm of the bugle and the barking of muskets. All men jumped to their posts, with commanders of tens. Could this be the allack? The cannon was readied. The word passed around. Night guards had sighted two prowling objects. Thinking them wolves, they fired. Up from the grass sprang two Indians, then four others. Could the red man be preparing for the attack'/ Were THEIRS IS THE KINGDOM 2 )uarters. A special conference of the Church was scheduled for arly in December in a large double blockhouse occupied by one ,f the brethren. When meeting time arrived, the building was ,vercrowdcd. People stood at the windows shouting to get in. As , remit the con fcrcnce was postponed for three weeks while an ,dcquatc meetinghouse was built. The weather at the time was lcscribcd by Brigham Young as "the severest" of the winter. Pushing up logs like beavers, the Mormon workmen hurriedly completed the tabernacle, seating one thousand persons, for the rirst meeting on the day before Christmas. Three days later Brigham Young, in this frontier structure, was first sustained as president of the Church. Since the death of President Joseph Smith, he had led the Saints as president of the Council of the Twelve Apostles. With the coming of spring, Truman Angell and his little family found themselves as ready as possible for the trek to their rww home. Polly had never fully re~overed her health from the Missouri ordeal. Now, as the thousand-mile journey began, she was too ill to rise from her bed. Every rod of the way, across prairies corrugated with buffalo trails, across the rushing streams, and down steep mountain passes, she rode on her back. Arriving in Great Salt Lake City shortly after the miracle of the gulls and crickets, Truman Angell settled his little family in a one-room log hut and resumed his carpentry. He was employed by President Young to enclose a house which he had purchased for his family. Truman Angell must have turned his skills to other realms during that first winter in the valley, for on January 22, 1849, Thomas Bullock, the Church chronicler, recorded: "Brigham H. Young and Thomas Bullock were engaged in setting type for the fifty cent bills, paper currency. This was the first typesetting in the Valley. The bills were to be printed on the press made by Tn111tan 0. Angell " 1 For days previous, President Brigham l 1talics arc by the author. TO THE WEST 73 Young and his associates had been weighing gold dust, much of which was brought into headquarters from California by Mormon Battalion men, some of whom were on the spot in Sacramento Valley when yellow nuggets were first discovered there. BUILDING IN THE DESERT Brigham Young asked Truman Angell to draw a plan of his own for the proposed council house. Truman did. He submitted il. It was accepted. Then President Young asked him to list necessary building materials for the new structure, some of which must he shipped by wagon from St. Louis. Truman responded, and in February, IB49, a month in which the thermometer plunged lo thirty-three degrees below 1.ero, the building began. Two years later it was finished. It was a S<Jttarc, two-story building with red sandstone walls for the first story and then adobe walls to the roof, which was surmounted by a square tower. Chapter 7 BUILDING IN THE DESERT There was much ahead for a builder in this new mountain home. When Truman Angell arrived, Great Sall Lake City was lilllc more lhan a log and adobe fort with about four hundred fifly units and some lwo thousand inhabitants. Several sawmills had Lcgun humming hoarsely away, and there was at lcasl one temporary flour mill. But this new city was destined to be much more than a frontier village of log huts. There were to be buildings, schoolhouses, factories, churches, and a temple. Church leaders called for drawings of a council house, the fi,st public building planned for the new city. There was now no Church architect. Shortly before, William Weeks, architect for the Nauvoo Temple, had left the valley for the East, chafing at regulations in a new Indian country. He later lost his Church membership. A plan for the council house was submitted by a draftsman. Then it was shown to the humble carpenter from Rhode Island for his opinion. Truman scanned it and gave his candid appraisal. He did not like it. Its design in this new country, where materials were limited, would not do, he explained. Then came a reply from President Young which was to chanrre the entire course of Truman Angeli's life. Down this new vista \e was to find more heartaches and headaches, night after night with little or no sleep, and day after day of wearying, weakening work. But across struggle's despair-darkened valleys ahead, Truman was to discover peaks of new joy, lofty, soul. lifting bliss that comes only to him who creates, not for a day, a year, or even a decade, but for generations; yes, perhaps even for centuries. 75 Whili, the council house was under w:ty, demands for draw"ings from Truman Angell increased, so President Young asked him to lay aside his carpentry tools, and draw-drnw all the time, except, of course, when he must take off his material lists from his sketches and direct the foremen so that jobs would proceed according to plan. ' I"- For most of his forty years, Truman Angell had worked with his hands. As a boy he toiled on a New England form. Then he became a joiner. As a frontiersman he had perspired long and hard with the ax and the scythe. This work was strenuous, but when it was done it was completed. It did not tag along to one's bed and there .make of one's pillow a pounding mortar instead of a cushion of rest. Such, Truman Angell found, was the life of a pioneer architect. For seven years, hard ones but rich ones, as in Pharaoh's dream, Trnman Angell leaned over his trestle board on Temple Square, pushing his pencil and then his pen over the heavy, white paper, preparing plans for an empire where the Pioneers had found a desert waste. During those years, from Brother Angeli's trestle board poured plans for schoolhouses, a sugar factory, office buildings, forts, meetinghouses, the governor's residence, a penitentiary, a tabernacle, a county courthouse, a store, a bowery, a statehouse, a theatre, an arsenal, the Salt Lake Temple, and barns and houses almost by the dozens. Some of these homes were mansions, mansions of which Rhode Island THEIRS IS THE KINGDOM uld be proud; mansions in a country which less than a decade :fore was the desolate domain of shiftless, sun-baked Indians, any of them living in mound-like homes of brush and eking ,t nourishment from ants and grasshoppers and snakes and ant roots such as those of the wild scgo lily. Truman Angell designed several homes for President Young, eluding what became known as the Empey House. It was an tractive little building, with a portico, bay windows, curved airway, and stained glass window, having a golden beehive in ,e center and sego lilies 011 one side and ripened fruit on the lhcr. Then there was the elegant Beehive House or governor's lansion, containing fireplaces with hand-carved mantels in mo.st lOms, wooden door frames etched with flowers and leaves, and sweeping porch with stately square pillars. Also there was the ion House, with twenty upstairs bedrooms, each with a dormer fadow; some bedrooms with fireplaces and some with stoves. ,arlicr, it is said, he designed Brigham Young's colonial-style !Lite House, impressive with its plastered adobe exterior walls nd white wood trim and shingle roof, probably the first in the alley. Truman Angell lived for a short time with the Young 1mily in this home. During these seven years he also drew plans for other leading ,rethrcn, including Apostles Amasa M. Lyman, Orson and Parley Pratt, Erastus Snow, Willard Richards, Orson Hyde, and Ezra Benson. The days whirled for Truman Angell. Sometimes he jumped rom job to job like a chef watching a symphony of kettles at ,nee. There were the lathers to direct on one building, the hinglcrs on another, the rough carpenters, the joiners, the wood arvers, the stone cutters, and the masons. Lists must be written ,ut for stone to be hauled in from the Sanpete country for one ,f President Young's homes, or for hardware that must come ,cross the plains from St. Louis. Sometimes the architect's office vas thronged with foremen seeking instructions. Truman Angell ,flcn wro le them ou l, illuslraling with diagrams where necessary, o that no mistake could be made. BUILDING IN THE DESERT 77 On one January day in 1852, he described in his journal how his shop swarmed with workmen seeking direction, some about a wheel race, others about the old tabernacle on Temple Square, and still others about more jobs. The next day, January 7, in a meeting with the First Presidency, he reported the jobs then in his care which were scheduled to be finished that season: the old tabernacle, the Eldredge home, houses for Ezra T. Benson, 0. M. Duel, T. Johnson, Edmond Ellsworth, E. D. Woolley, a machine shop, Brigham Young's barn, a new office for the president, Church tithing barn, two barns on the Church farm, a new statehouse in Fillmore, a wall around Temple Square, and, if possible, a house for the Church historian and another one for President Young, and a baptismal font. During the same year Truman Angell planned and supervised a meetinghouse in Provo, worked on the plans for a new seventies' hall, on house plans for Orson Hyde, and on plans for the first playhouse west of the Missouri River, Social Hall. With all his many jobs there was an accompanying host of details. A special hole must be allowed in the Beehive House foundation wall for Brigham Young's cat. He must supervise the painting of scenery or the making of musician's chairs and stands for Social Hall, where tallow candles were to serve as footlights. A water course to run through the wall at the northeast corner of Temple Square must be designed. Then, too, he had such chores at home as tending the cow. He did not stop for breakfast, getting along with but two meals a day. The pit,neer architect had constantly to keep in mind the limited supply of building materials. Since Utah was not to have a cement quarry until after his death, I stones went into most 1Manufacture of Portland cement in Utah began i<i~-~~~--the year Utah achieved statehood, with the output of the Portland Cement Company of Utah in Salt Lake City, the first such plant, except one in South Dakota, west of the Missouri River. The first Portland cement shipments to the United States from Europe arrived about 18G6 (thirteen years after construction on the Salt Lake Temple began), and manufacture of the product in America did not commence until 1875. The term "Portland" is derived from an early cement, patented in England in 1824. which produccd a yellowish, gray mixture resembling the stone quarried on the Isle of Portland, England. The forerunner THEIRS IS THE KINGDOM mndation walls. In the founding days of Utah, stones were split y drilling holes, driving into each a pine pin, which was then ,ak<'d. As the pin expanded the stone split. In frce,.ing weather rater was poured into the holes. Sandstone from Red Ilulle :anyon to the cast of Great Salt Lake City not only was used n many foundations, but also for such culptur;,d lion over the Lion House portico. ornaments as the Windowpanes must be small, since all glass bumped across the ,lains by wagon. Lime was a building favorite in Truman \ngell's day. Limestone was discoV!'.red as early ;is I B4H in 8mi11ralio11 Ca11vo11. where Llie Pio11t~cr:-. enlt~red the vnllt~y. . . Other lkpo~ils wt:n~ locakd ds1~wl1t~n~. The rock wa!-1 hcalt'd, sonH'linu·s with a blacksmith forg;c, and the product was UHcd in making ~ plaster and mortar and for whitewashing building walls. The most staple building material of all, however, was adobe. Many early plans drawn by Truman Angell called for adobe "·11ls, sometimes three feet thick, as in the Lion House. Adobes were made of a blue-gray clay, plentiful in Salt Lake Valley, which was mixed with water into a doughy mud. It was placed in rectangular molds for shaping and then the cakes were released and left to bake in the sun. Less than two weeks after Truman Angell first arrived in the valley the manufacture of adobes had begun. By August 10, 1847, the Pioneers were making as many as four thousand adobes a day. In Salt Lake City's founding days much of the work on Church and public buildings was done with tithing labor, a tenth of each workman's time. Later, full-time workers like Truman Angell were remunerated with. tithing scrip, for which they could obtain shoes, groceries, hats, cloth, and other articles. The pioneer architect took pride in his work, rushing and to modem cement was discovered in England, 1756-59, by John Smeaton, in erecting, at the instance of Parliament, a lighthouse over some crags which were covered intermittently by the tides off the Cornwall coast,-From information in THE STORY OF CEMENT, published about 1907 by The Portland Cement Company of Utah. BUILDING IN TIIE DESERT 79 meager-paying as it was. Sometimes he worked wilh models, testing, as with the old tabernacle, the strength of the truss with miniatures. In drawing a lemple gateway, he was not satisfied with his plan. Ile put it away for months and then drew another that pleased him. lie sometimes fumed when foremen and materials committees confused the work. "The above items sometimes makes cross and I scold," he scribbled in his journal one June day. Then, turning on himself, he wrote, "I must cease this.,, One of Liu, jobs of which he was most proud was the territorial governor's mansion, (he Bcchivt~ llousc. HIL is Lo be a good howw/' he jounwli1.t:d 011c spring tl:1y in IBS3 ;1s he proceeded with lite sketch. About six months later he added, "much of which is original with me." President Brigham Young, for whom the house was built, must have agreed with him, for there in its palatial parlors he entertained such celebrities as General William T. Sherman of Civil War fame, President James A. Garfield, Ole Bull, the Norwegian violinist, a German prince, and an emperor from Brazil, and Mr. and Mrs. Tom Thumb. The Beehive House also served as the residence of Presidents Lorenzo Snow and Joseph F. Smith, both of whom died there. During Franklin D. Roosevelt's tenure as the nation's president, his Secretary of the Interior, Harold L. Ickes, signed a certificate affirming that The Historic American Building Survey had selected the Beehive House for preservation because of its "possessing exceptional historic or architectural interest." The Beehive House as Truman Angell designed it was rich with exquisite wood carvings-on the panels in its hallways and along its staircases, on the newel posts, and across door frames and fireplace mantels. On the roof he placed an observatory, like the "widow's watch" in homes along the New England coast, from which seamen's waiting wives peered anxiously across the waves. !O THEIRS IS THE KINGDOM The mansion received its name from the carved beehive atop the observatory. The beehive, symbolizing industry, was represented on many buildings and articles created in Truman Angell 's time. The territory at first was called Deseret, a Book of Mormon term meaning honeybee. The original statehouse as dcsi:pwd by Brother Angell had a large beehive-like dome. The bee was rcprcscnlcd in the door knobs of the governor's man· siun, and the beehive was even stamped on President Younts brass bool jack and on the head of the sledge hammer he used to drive the final spike for Utah's first railroad. Chapter 8 TRIALS OF A PIONEER ARCHITECT One of !he most challenging assignments that ever came to Truman Angell, !he archilccl, was that of preparing !he plans for a sugar factory, the firs! one in western America. Sugar was precious iu early Utah. Two years after !he Pioneers arrived in Salt Lake Valley, a merchant opened a store and quickly sold his entire inventory of sugar at three pounds for one dollar. Some frugal pioneer housewives made a dark, gummy sweetening by boiling beets, squash, and carrots. President Young wrote to some of the leading missionaries in Europe, asking that they look for industries which might be started in Deseret. Apostle John Taylor and one of his converts from the Isle of Jersey, Phillip De La Mare, studied sugar manufacturing in France. As a result the Deseret Manufacturing Company was formed, and sugar machinery was purchased in Liverpool, England, and shipped to New Orleans under the charge of Elias Morris, a Welsh stonemason and millwright who had joined the Church. The machinery arrived in Salt Lake Valley after a troublous wagon journey across the plains. De La Marc traveled about six hundred miles, many of them by foot, purchasing range oxen to be broken for pulling loads of machinery. Wagon axle-trees broke. De La Mare rescued the freight by buying forty prairie schooners to replace the wagons. Food for teamsters was scarce. Some of their flour, full of worms and plaster paris, was discarded, and oxen were killed for food. Reaching the valley, the machinery was tcmpornrily sci up in Temple Square, where it produced an inedible molasses. Ilccausc THEIRS IS THE KINGDOM its many difficulties the Deseret Manufacturing Company !lapsed, and the equipment and debts were assumed by the mreh. Then it was that Truman Angell, as Church architect, ccivcd Lhc assignment to plan a sugar factory and arrange the achincry. Five days al'lcr he had assisted Lhc First Presidency in laying corncrslone for Lhc Salt Lake Temple, he, in comp.my with ·csidenl Young, Orson Hyde, and Jesse W. Fox, the surveyor, uck the slakes for the dam and raceway of Lhe fult11·i, s11gar anl. IL was Lo lw locali,d 011 Parli,y 's C,myon Creek in >ulhc.isl S;ilL L.ikc Valley. 1c Thal wa!-. the beginning of Truman Angell's tremendous :iallengc. ~here stood a mountain of machinery, forty big •agons of 1t. There were no directions for assembling it, not v,:n a copy of the invoice. Brother Angell had never before as mch as seen a sugar factory. Now there were vacuum pans, a:s, cistern passages, hydraulic presses, charcoal filters, and other dd-shapcd paraphernalia that goes into a factory for making a ,owdcr-like sweetening from coarse, white beets. All these parts oust be fitted into a working pattern. Then a shell must be lcsigncd for housing it. Sugar to the Saints was as white gold. Freight rates across he plains had reached five hundred dollars a ton. Beets could be ;rown successfully in Deseret. That had been demonstrated the ,revious year. Now Utah needed a factory for producing the ugar. So Truman Angell took up the challenge in the spring of L853. Shortly after locating the site, he staked off the founda:ion for the future plant. Then he began the nerve-straining task )f s'.udying each section of the machinery. He had difficulty ocat1_ng parts for the vacuum pan. Also, in going over the machmcry he found new 11icccs cominrrb to li<'ht from time to . b lm1e. l\loreovcr, he must supervise workmen in erecting the odobc walls and the long, gable-roof of the factory building. 83 TRIALS OF A PIONEER ARCHITECT But Truman Angell had other cares which interrupted his attention on the sugar plant. There was drawing to do for the temple, the governor's mansion, a penitentiary, the endowment house, an historian's office, and other buildings. Then there was the steady stream of instructions to give workmen. At one time he took time off to act as foreman of masons on a particularly difficult job. "I feel as much fatigued as I ever did hewing timber or mowing grass, the two kinds of business that used to weary me the mos! in early life," he observed in his diary. Necessity placed other n·sr><msibililies in Truman Angeli's lap. llc was in charge of a company or militia under Lieutenant General Daniel 1-1. Wells, who, as superintendent of public works, was Brother Angeli's immediate superior. Indians in the territory had begun to beat the drums of war. Truman Angell was called to drill his men to meet any attack. The Indian trouble had begun when a white man near Springville observed an Indian, according to custom, beating his squaw. Angered at the sight, the settler struck the brave a severe blow. It proved fatal, but not until the red man had reached the encampment of wily Chi.cf Walker on nearby Petecncet Creek. That was the beginning of the Walker War. Shooting broke out in Springville, and Indians stole cattle in other settlements south of Salt Lake City. In nearby Parley's Park, four men, while hauling logs, were slain by red men. Other settlers, encamped near Sevier Lake, were surprised and killed by Indians springing from the brush. The trouble later subsided, but it was the signal for fort. building through the territory. During the following summer Truman Angell accompanied President Young on a trip to southern Utah. Brother Angell was asked to design a fort for the settlement of Harmony. On the journey President Young paid a good will visit to Chief Walker, who, sulking in his wickiup, at first refused to give the Mormon leader an audience. Then he agreed to ·a council, which resulted in a peace treaty. Walker THEIRS IS Tl!E KINGDOM lied the following year, and a letter from I3righam Young was ,uricd with him. Returning from southern Utah, Truman Angell went back to l1is tresllc board and his construction supervision, including that of the sugar plant. The pressure of work continued to gnaw at his sleep, and his health wavered al times. Ily autumn of l!l54 he lwd been tussling, intermittently, at the sugar factory for seventeen months, and was still bothered with machinery parts. One September day he visited the plant and returned home ill. I3y the following February the sugar factory was at last ready to hq~in operation. Truman Angell ha<l supervised Lhc asscmblinp; of the machinery. The building was up. All was ready for Liu, beets. Throu,,h the press and horse-riding messengers, careful instructions had °been given those harvesting beets the previous fall for pccscrving them until the factory opened. I3eets were to be placed on the surface in rows "about three wide, as much as possible with the tops down, and with the sides slo~ed up in the form of a steep roof." They were to be covered with straw and earth, with an occasional wisp of straw in the top for ventilation. Then the big test came. Into the mouth of the machinery went the large, white beets. The apparatus that months of toil had assembled began crunching into motion_ Western America's first factory for the manufacture of sugar was under way. Truman Angell and his associates awaited the results. But the sugar did not come. Only dark molasses. The Church gave up the plant for manufacturing sugar, and later its machinery was dismantled. The hvdraulic presses were used for making linseed oil and in the book bindery of the Dcseret News plants. President Younls woolen mill on Parley's Canyon Creek absorbed two of the presses and some of the pans. The sugar factory building lwcamc a paper mill, then a railroad shop, and, finally, the home uf a coal company. TRIALS OF A PIONEER ARCHITECT 85 There were other disappointments, too, for the pioneer architect. He had devoted considerable time to drawing an elaborate statehouse with a large central dome and three wings. One wing was completed in Fillmore in 1855, the same year the sugar factory was finished. The following year, however, Lhe seal of Utah's territorial government was returned to Salt Lake City, and Truman Angeli's complete plan for a statehouse never was realized in wood and stone. During those seven eventful years from 1850 through 1856, Truman also found more heartaches and responsibilities at home. On November 16, 1854, while he was in the midst of puzzling wilh the sugar machinery, death came to his mother, Phebe Morton Angell, whom he so dearly loved. Truman Angell had stood loyally beside her during her trials in Rhode Island. She had joined the Church with him, gone to Kirtland and then to Missouri. She had crossed the plains with her son. Mother Angell was a pioneer midwife. She had officiated at the birth of President Joseph F. Smith in Far West, Missouri, during the dark days there, while his father, Hyrum Smith, was in prison with his brother J oscphThe body of Mother Angell was buried on the premises of her son's home near First South and State Streets in Salt Lake City. Brother Angeli's father had died before the Saints moved west. Three years before his mother's death, Truman Angell married a second wife, Susan Eliza Savage, a young woman from Maine with long ringlets, who loved to play the "squeeze box" and draw sketches, many of them Bible subjects. As a girl she read the scriptures to her blind grandmother. She commented one time that if she ever found the gospel as she understood it, that church so teaching it would she join. She found this gospel among the Mormons, and was soon baptized. Leaving her family, she worked in a factory lo earn passage to the West. She reached Salt Lake Valley from California after trnvcling by boa l around Cape Horn with Sam Brannan 's company. ~~------ 86 THEIRS IS THE KINGDOM This marriage brought new joy to the architect, in the personages of two baby boys, the first, Truman Osborn, born in J B51, and Lhc second, Charles Edgar, three years laler. While 011 a lrip lo southern Utah in 1855, Brother Angell was counseled Lo take a third wife. Consequently, that year he married Mary Ann Johnson, another New England girl. She had started across the plains with her only sister, who died en route. Mary Ann's mother had left the family when her husband (Mary Ann's father) joined the Church. Wilh all his cares at home, over the trestle board and on the jobs, Truman Angell look Lime lo study architecture a111l drawing. lie pored over lhc discussions on ventilation by John H. Griscom of New York City, and Peter Nicholson's sketches on perspective drawing, and delved deeply into the skill of taking observations with astronomical instruments. Then he fingered studiouslv such instruments as the chronometer, for determining time, and the sextant, used in measuring angular distances. With all these energy-sapping activities, there were the worries of a manpower shortage. "I often wish," Truman Angell wrote, "we could do on the public works three men's labor to the man." Company afler company of new converts to the Church, many of them from Europe, continued to stream into Utah. But many of the men, the young, able-bodied brethren, were called to more important work than building. By the scores they were sent out into the world, many of them penniless, to proclaim the gospel as missionaries. At one special conference in the !ate summer of 1852, more than one hundred ciders were called to go forth into distant climes and declare the restored gospel. Brethren like Kentucky-born Hosea Stout, forty-two years of age and wilh a family, left for China. Canute Peterson, still in his twenties, returned to his native Norway. Others departed for such places as Siam, South Africa, Germany, Nova Scotia, and Wales. Even young men such as Joseph F. Smith, only fifteen years old, leaving for Hawaii two years later, went forth to preach. TRIALS OF A PIONEER ARCHITECT 87 These departures increased the burdens on builders like Truman Angell. No doubt he often pondered over the words of the Prophet in Kirtland: "I'll give you work enough for Lwcnly rncn." However, with all the shortages in men and materials, the work at home hummed away. In fact, Temple Square, Truman Angcll's headquarters, was like one big beehive of activity during the fifties. There was a paint shop, and also a stone-carving section where craftsmen like William Ward, who sculptured the Lion I-louse lion, carved headstones and advcrlisecl them for sale. Firewood and wheal were acceptable for pay, "if early applicalion is made." Utah's first paper manufacturing took place on the block, and the Dcseret News once announced: "Save your rags, everybody in Deseret; old wagon covers, tents, quilts, shirts, etc., arc wanted for paper." In the early sixties, George Goddard, a little Englishman, went through the streets shaking a bell and gathering precious rags. The public works machine shops, too, were situated on the Temple Block. These, with the carpenters' mill, were powered by an immense breast-wheel, sixteen feet across, turned by City Creek stream, which cut through the block. Another water wheel propelled a forge fan for a blacksmith shop. Herc in this Temple Block foundry, some of the first Utah iron was casl as well as the frames for the first woolen mill in the region. On Sundays pioneer folk gathered in Temple Square's bowery for worship, and on weekdays in the fall women worked under its boughs, stoning peaches. The fruit was spread out oi1 acres, it seemed, of tables for drying. Sometimes the peaches were mashed into a pulp, sweetening added, and then spread on clean cloths in the sun to make "peach leather," a chewy pioneer confection. These were but some of the activities which whirled around Truman Angeli's · work at the Temple Block, a tcn-,wre plot 88 THEIRS IS THE KINGDOM which was enclosed by a fifteen-foot wall of red sandstone and adobe designed by hi1!1. All of Truman Angell 's busy life was not confined to building. lie occasionally took time out for amusement, often in the form of parties and balls, which, with their square dances and hardy repasts, were long and sociable. On Christmas day, 1851, Truman and Polly gathered for festivities presided over by Superintendent Daniel II. Wells. They started with a song and a prayer and then the dancing began, jigging along for nearly ten hours. The following day, after working on the statd1ousc plans in the morning, Brother Angell gathered his workmen around him in the join~:rs' Rhop and a seven-hour party began. Then he attended balls at Social Hall, where couples sometimes came with a basket of food for a feast on one arm and another with produce for admission. This historic hall which Truman Angell designed was als,· used for a session of the !cgislature and as a theatre, library, and gymnasium. But during those seven busy years there was one assignment for the pioneer architect which stood out above the rest like a queen among her attendants. That was the designing of the famous Salt Lake Temple. It was a great day for him on February 14, 1853, when ground was broken for the temple. There were about three inches of snow on the ground, and the weather was warm enough for a mild thaw. Nearly all of Salt Lake City's inhabitants, numbering about six thousand, watched Truman Angell direct the surveyor in marking off the site. Then the crowd closed in around the surveyed square. President Young addressed them from a small buggy, and the band played "Auld Lang Syne." Heber C. Kimball of the First Presidency dedicated the ground. As the cartl, was picked around the first foot of soil to be removed a silver dollar l'cll on il. No one seemed to know whence the coin came, and President Kimball. remarked that it TRIALS OF A PIONEER ARCIIITEGT 89 was a good token. Means for completing the temple would not be wanting. Then President Young lifted the lump of soil, tossed it to the side, and work had begun on the great temple in the desert. The following April 6 Truman Angell assisted the First Presidency in laying the southeast cornerstone. This celebration featured music from three bands, parading by uniformed militiamen, choral numbers written especially for the occasion, solemn prayers, and moving speeches. Then it was that President Young declared: "I scarcely ever say much about revelations or visions, but suffice it to say that five years ago last July, JB47, I was here and saw in spirit this temple." He added that this temple would have six towers instead of one as was the case with the Kirtland and Nauvoo temples. Once again the Saints had begun rearing a house of the Lord, the Saints who had left their first temple in Kirtland in their flight to Missouri and who had seen a mob desecrate their edifice in Nauvoo. Many of them, now in the mountains, still struggled with poverty. Continual shifting had not yet permitted them to conquer this foe. Yet, the work of the Lord must not wait. One of those witnessing the temple ground-breaking described his plight: "I went through frozen mud and slush with my feet tied up in rags. I had on a pair of pants made out of my wife's shirt-a thin Scotch plaid-also a thin calico shirt and a straw hat. These were all the clothes I had. . . . I was not alone in poverty. It was a small company and there were many fixed as badly as I was. " 1 By the time ground was broken for the temple, Brother Angell had partially completed the plans for the foundation walls, which were to be sixteen feel broad al the base (think of it!) and tapering to eight feet thick at the first story. From then 1 , From a photographed statement, anonymous, appcarlng in the John pu:turc collection on Church history. J,', Bennett THEIRS IS THE KINGDOM TRIALS OF A PIONEER ARCHITECT 91 .ii the cornerstone was laid two months later he continued h the temple drawings. However, these efforts were inter· ,t..d by work with plans or construction on such jobs as the enal ,111d Social llall and additions to homes of Daniel II. :!Is an,1 Willard Richards. played on his nerves. There were strong, rugged personalities among the Pioneers, and sometimes ideas in building clashed. For example, one day there came to the Church architect's office a certain judge. He wanted an alteralion in the Thirteenth Ward schoolhouse. In prnciling his plans for the lcmplc, as well as for the other ,urch and public buildings, Truman Angell always sought the unscl of President Brigham Young, his prophet-leader. "He is a :111," firolher Angell wrote in his diary, "counseled by the ml and he has leanwd by his own wisdom more than all the 1sdt,1m I ever saw in other ·mrn put logcllwr. This is rny focli11~." "I withstood him," Truman Angell recorded in his jonrnal, "and I found him much puckered up in his feelings, and I unpuckered him as much as I could." By the following Augw,l, Truman Angell was designing Lhe mplc lowers, and a year later Lhe plans were far enough along ,r the architect lo describe in a Dcsercl News article the general ,mcnsions and some of the figures that were to be chiseled on 1c exterior stone walls, such as the s'~rs and clouds and rays of ght. lie explained that there would be spires on all the towers ut that details had not yet been worked out. Then, in concluding the article, Truman Angeli's thoughts ,aped ahead Lo that glorious day of completion: "For further articulars," he wrote, "wait till the house is done, then come nd sec it." Work-long, hard work-with the mind as well as the hands, onfrontcd the Church architect before that dream could be calizcd. So Truman Angell plodded ahead with his pencil and ,en, drawing detail after detail for the temple. Such incidents made their mmoying calls, hut lhe architect pressed ahead with the lempl<: pl,ms. They were loo important lo pansc for rest or self-pity. "I do f.. d well in doing all my ability will permit me lo do if it end in the huilding of the Kingdom of God," he reasoned. Tm man Angell described his work as a "calling" rather than as a position or a job. This temple he was designing must stand for generations, not years. It would he more than an earthly edifice. It would be a gateway to eternal life, a house where heavenly ties would be bound and where families would be united for the unending tomorrows beyond death. Truman Angell leaned over his trestle board and drew hard. The work increased. He brought the stone-carver, William Ward, into his office as an assistant. Meantime, rough-dressed firestone from Red Butte quarry, about five miles east of the temple site, was set into place for the foundation. Work had begun on a wooden railway to the rock pit, but was never finished. As a result all this raspberry· colored stone was hauled by wagons and oxen. There were details for sky-piercing walls, winding stairways, mwte ceilings, figured doorways, and recessed windows. All must cc drawn and scaled minutely so workmen could follow. There :ould be no guesswork This task called for the precision of an ~ngineer and the creative genius of an artist. The year was now 1855, and William Ward helped him \11th the plans for the first floor of the temple. The temple foundation was completed by midsummer. This work sapped the architect's energy, deprived him of sleep, and began to weaken his body. Other experiences, also, Another year rolled along, and toil and worry began to tell on the architect. He was still busy with the temple plans, but THEIRS IS THE KINGDOM re were other cares as usual. There were Haywood's store and penitentiary plans. By February, Truman Angell was getting little or no sleep at hts. Some days he found it necessary to withdraw altogether m his drawing roo1n. Spring came, and the architect's weary mind and nerves 1sed him Lo abandon his office work for most of the time. c wind was Loo m11ch. Then on the first day of April ,si,b1l Young, with many of his family seated around Lhe ,le, asked Brother Angell if he would like to go on a mission Europe. The architect replied thal he wo11ld. A few <lays er, at the g(~ncral conference, Truman Angell and aboul two ndred others were called to the mission field. Chapter 9 A MISSION TO EUROPE When President Young set apart the humble architect for his new calling President Young asked the Lord lo bless Ilis servant so that he may "open your mouth and bear witness of the Lhings of God." The Llcssi11g cu11Linuccl: HVicw lhc various specimens of architecture Lhal you may desire Lo sec, "nd you will wonder at the works of the ancients and marvel to sec what they have done, and you will be quick to comprehend the architectural designs of men in various ages, and be better qualified to continue your work and you will increase in knowledge upon the temple and other buildings." Truman Angell called his foremen together and gave them his parting instructions. Then he gathered his family about him, blessed them, and started over the greening hillsides to Emigration Canyon, Zion's portal to the East. He rode in James Beck's wagon. The following day President Young joined the group, and organized them, about fifty men. A. 0. Smoot was made captain. James Beck and Truman Angell were assigned to share ,1 wagon with Captain Smoot and one other missionary. The architect was still weak, but somehow managed to trudge sixteen miles over Big Mountain. By nightfall he was too fatigued to stand guard. The next day he hobbled as much of the twenty-two miles covered as he could. There were only fourteen wagons in the company, and they were heavily laden with "traps," as the Pioneers called their baggage. seemed to have no 1nusclc.,, Yct, he strurrglc<l aluntr . b b ... scarcely knowrng how lo put one foot Lefore Llic other." He was desperately ill as the missionaries neared Fort Bridger. ~, HI THEIRS IS THE KINGDOM ·uman Angell couldn't give up. There was too much to live ,is family, his mission, and the temple. "Wait till the house w," he had wriltcn, ~'then come and gee it." ('aring the Swcdwaler River, he stood bTttard until rnidnighl, rclircd lo his buffalo robe bed on the ground. There was ·oom enough l"or all tu sleep in the wagons. Some slept in , but this was a luxury beyond Truman Angeli's reach. The night he made his bed in the sand and sagebrush beside a near the Sweetwater. Presently rain began to fall. The onary covered his head and tried to sleep. Soon the rain ·nc snow, spring snow which is heavy and wet. It was like inµ; 1111llt:r a drt•,nchinµ; spray. Rivukls flooded around TruJ\ngcll's robe. lit, did not gel up. There was no place to go. hours he lay in his oozing bed in the sullen silence of falling r, waiting for morning. 1rolher Angell arose with the dawn. Ile found the horses and ,s drawn i,;to a heap " ... and no dad's barn for them." A ,cii was held, with the decision that the company should y to the willows on the Sweetwater. Truman Angell helped ,ess the shaking m1imals. He shook, too. The horses and ~s were covered with the wet bedding, and the journey m. The snow continued to fall. The very clouds seemed to hie heavily lo the earth's bosom, hour after hour. Then the d added its punishing blows, and drifts began raising their ant, white-capped heads. "Some unseen hand," Brother Angell observed, "seemed to le us down the bluffs to the river, safely." l\lnking camp, Truman Angell and others hurriedly gathered d. With difficulty a fire was started. Porridge, made with r and waler, was fed the shivering animals. Elders Angell and k raised an old wagon cover over the windward side of the laid some willow sticks on the snow, and there made a ty bed for the night. Most bedding was used to cover the cs nnd mules. Before retiring, the missionaries, as usual, crcd for prayers. This procedure was repeated each morning. A MISSION TO EUROPE 95 The storm paused for a short while, and again began dump· ing its white, soaking sheets onto the missionaries. Another miserable morning greeted Truman Angell. He found one animal dead, another dying. The snowstorm ceased, but the wind look up where it left orr. Drifts were so high that for kn miles Brother Angell and his companions, forming a double line, tramped lanes for the wagons to follow. Another night came, and this time the little company camped on bare spots the wind had provided on the hills. "It did seem as though Lhe Lord had fixed the place for us." But what of the morrow·/ So sevcw was the wc;,lhcr tk1l 'one of the missionaries lost his siglil, for some lime. ll was now May, but the snow paid no attention. "Oh, my wc;iry body," Truman Angell confided to his journal. Then he added, "1 have been robbed of a home; I have been afflicted in body; but never did I feel in a tighter place than this journey." The morrow came, and again the missionaries tramped a trail for their wagons. Tmman Angell estimated that more limn three feet of snow had fallen during the storm. For several days he slushed along through the snow. He had been called on this mission to give him relief from the trestle board, to preach the gospel, and to observe European archi. tecture. But now, on the plains, hardship was trying him as never before. His spirit was willing, but his flesh was weak. "If we are lame in both feet, we have no notion of giving up yet," he vowed. Still, Truman Angell must have dreamed of his loved ones at home, and the temple, and wondered sometimes if he would sec his wives and children again. Would he live to behold that day about which he had written, when the house of Lhe Lord would be finished? No doubt he wondered. One night the cattle strayed, but, fortunately, in the camp was Porter Rockwell, that adventure-loving plainsman, swathed in THEIRS IS THE KINGDOM ing hair and D<'ard which the Prophet Joseph Smith, it is had promised would protect him. He rode to the rescue rounded up the missing cattle. rhe !wavy storm had swollen streams, and in crossing the .c, Truman Angell and about six others, tying their clothes in · shirts, waded ahead of the teams. They were now entering hunting grounds of the Cheyenne Indians, known as vicious :smcn who followed the buffalo. The Cheyennes often lived kin tepees and traveled and fought on horseback. Cheyenne ·iors, lo whom the medicine arrow was sacred, twenty years · participated in the horrible Custer massacre. Truman Angell had experienced previous incidents with In1s. Again he and his associates took no chances. As a party red men shifted menacingly about them, all missionaries, ,pt the teamsters, shouldered their guns and walked in a line )re the wagons. The Indians dispersed. Reaching the Missouri, Elders Angell and Beck walked five ,s from Mormon Grove to Atchison, where they each pursed a pair of pants, a shirt, and a vest. They did not bother 11 coats. Such clothing was only in the way in crossing the .ns this time of the year. Summer was now approaching. At :hison they boarded a steamer for St. Louis. There, Brother ~ell's old friend, Orson Pratt, gave him enough money to pay passage to England. From St. Louis the missionary traveled New York, and from there rode by rail carriage to Rhode nd, the home of his youth. There he called on relatives, but rywhcrc found starchy receptions. He visited the Angell burial t, surrounded by a picket fence, which was more friendly. It ,vided some valuable genealogical information, which Truman gell wrote in his notebook. Then he met a man named Franklin Munroe who once ongcd lo the Church but who for some reason had left it. ,thcr Angell spent a night with this man. They talked to. her, and when the missionary departed Franklin Munroe lowed him for some three miles. Truman Anrrcll led him into I b A MISSION TO EUROPE 97 the woods, and there prayed with him. Munroe followed him lo the road, and offered to pay his fare to Europe. The missionary did not accept, but as they parted Munroe invited him to a visit on the return from Europe. Truman Angell boarded a ship at Boston, and with a boom from two guns it nosed toward Liverpool. The missionary would soon be in Europe to preach the gospel and to study the architecture of the ancients. The elders, whose ship almost collided with an iceberg near Newfoundland, arrived in Liverpool in midsummer. Liverpool, a teeming, smoke-smudged seaport along the murky Mersey River, was then the headquarters for all missionary activities in Europe. Upon landing, Truman Angell dignified his appearance with a new English hat. Before he did much m1ss10nary work, however, he tended to some important business concerning the temple under construction seven thousand miles away in Salt Lake Valley. ·He had brought with him a daguerreotype of it as it would appear upon completion. He asked Franklin D. Richards, who had been presiding over the European Mission, about an engraver, and was referred to a man named Fred R. Piercey in London. Elder Angell visited Piercey shortly thereafter and completed arrangements for him to make steel engravings at a cost of forty pounds (about two hundred dollars). Later, through the pages of the Millennial Star, Truman Angell announced that the engraving would soon be finished, and assured the Saints that they "would derive great pleasures in having these miniatures hung up in their houses in the valleys of the mountains." Then he added, proudly, "Moreover they will indicate to many who arc not in the Church that we are, as a people, not insensible to the value and beauties of fine arts, nor hostile to noble enterprise and progressive intelligence." Ycs, soon others would share with Truman Angell a beautiful THEIRS IS THE KINGDOM 8 ,icture of the temple to be built, something tangible, something ;raphie for guiding their dreams to that glorious day when the :apslonc would be placed, when they could enter and there ,erform sacred ceremonies for linking families through clcrnily. A week after his arrival in England, the architect found 1imself thoroughly immersed in missionary work. In Birminghmn, 1 big city whose skyline was toothed with the tall chimneys of iron fonn dries, Truman Angell spoke at a meeting of missionaries from varions parts of Europe as well as from Britain. Later he preached in London, Liverpool, Manchester, France, the Channel Islands, and Wales. Somi:limcs his talks were short; on other uccasio11s, as 1011µ; as an ho11r. 11«~ lift(~tl hi:,; voiet~ lwforc Chun:h mcmL1:r:,; and slrange.rs, large ~1.ss1~mbbg('s mid ~mall ones. Lislencrs by the scores told him of the joys and comforts which came through his messages. He prayed over the skk, fasted to purify his soul, and visited the bereaved and those investigating the gospel. Through the torch-lighted, peddler-hawking streets of Lvndon he walked, ten, fifteen miles a day, often carrying his c,1rpclbag along as he went. English food sometimes amused him. One particular serving of shrimps reminded him " ... of the Indians eating crickets in the early settlement of Utah." But Truman Angeli's thoughts seldom veered far from architecture. In Birmingham's Odd Fellows' Hall, where he spoke before the European missionaries, he noted its new structural features: lighting from the roof, and fresh air vents from the base. He candidly dismissed them, though, declaring, "But certainly I was never in a more oppressive room." Truman Angell came from a region of Western America putting on the raiment of industry as well as of beauty, and in his travels he searched out Europe's marvels in mechanics. In the shipyards of London he studied workmen punching needle-size holes through six-inch iron sheets. lie called on a fancy turner and inspected his lathes. In London he also visited the gas works, probed into a tunnel under the Thames, and called on a A MISSION TO EUROPE maker of spectacle bows who had invented describe an cliptic arch." .. 99 . . . a plan to Near Belfast, Ireland, he climbed a high mountain, entered a cave, where he carved his name in stone. He prayed and then watched, below, a doublctrack mechanism through which loaded cars of limestone from a quarry provided the power for carrying empty cars back up the hill. In his journal he carefully described the entire operation. In Dublin he inspected a hat factory, and in Manchester a corset shop where girls between twelve and fifteen years of age operated crank-powered sewing machines. Down along the Tluuncs he lingered through the Grc<:nwich Ohi.;1~rvalory, perusing astronomical insln11ncttls, canopied by domes revolving 011 cm111on balls and opening in Llie center Lo allow a view at the heavens. At Greenwich he also im1uired studiously about its clocks and chronometers. He called at the Mechanics Institute in Paris, where was exhibited, seemingly, every mechanical article produced in the French empire. Delving into Wales, the Mormon architect entered a copper and lead factory, and also Crawshaw's Iron Works at Merthyr Tydfil, employing seven thousand workers. The architect's pencil traveled extensively, too, leaving a long trail of notepaper facts and figures, later transcribed by pen into his permanent journal. There was one mechanical problem, however, which absorbed almost as much of Elder Angeli's time as all the others combined. He had not forgotten the disappointment of the sugar venture in Utah. There was some secret about sugar processing which he must find, something that would produce the granulated product instead of black molasses. He searched through Liverpool's directories for sugar refineries. He found eight, and for ten days zealously strove to enter one, without success. "I find that Englishmen do not love to make free to strangers," he wrote of the refineries, "only through certain channels such as I have not the privilege of using; thcrdorc, stratagem must do for me." 10 THEIRS IS THE KINGDOM About a week later, through a Church brother, he managed ) enter a large refinery, which was like a vestibule to Hades, aving a temperature throughout of between one hundred and ,ne hundred sixty Fahrenheit. In this inferno he pored over the ,!ant, carefully recording his. observations of the beams, the oists, the hundred-gallon vats, the steam pipes, boilers, and cores of lubes. lie even tasted the liquid juice of the beet in )fOCCSS. Still not satisfied, he shortly thereafter crossed the Irish Sea, md in Bclfost had a notice printed in the morning newspaper 1sking for information concerning sugar refineries. A few days later he received word of a plant in Mount Mellick, about fifty miles inland from Dublin. But to gain admittance to Mount Mellick's refinery was a'!other matter. A MISSION TO EUROPE 101 Bidding Sir Robert adieu, Brothers Angell and Scott hastened to the home of the clerk, who they found was away. However, his wife gave them the name of the factory managu at Mount Mellick. The next day they were on the way to Mount l\!cllick, traveling on an open mail car which ''. .. set sail with only one horse." A downpour en route drenched Truman Angell to the skin. At Mount Mellick the brethren took quarters in the best hotel, dried themselves, and called on Mr. Peacock, the manager. Ile was most gracious, showing them specimens of sugar and inviting them to visit him at his home. The sugar factory was not in operation, hut the visitors were shown through by an engineer who was a native Belgian speaking poor English. Persistence was as a brother to Truman Angell, and he began to prepare his "stratagem" to learn all that he could about Ireland's sugar industry. He journeyed to Dublin, and there visited the Museum of Irish Arts of Industry. He spent some time in the section on sugar. He found specimens in jars, including one with a "black, filthy molasses that would match any made in Salt Lake." Truman Angell noted his observations, and, upon returning to Liverpool, devoted a good part of a week to framing a detailed letter to President Brigham Young on Britain's sugar industry. He had a penmanship expert copy his message for mailing. In it he expressed his ultimate confidence in the success of the sugar industry in Utah, and closed with a benediction: "I would say, may the Lord bless all our endeavors to build up the Kingdom in the name of Jesus Christ. Amen." , There, days later, in company with Brother John Scott, he attempted an interview with Sir Robert Kane, noted authority on sugar. The servant who greeted them was gone thirty anxious minutes. Meantime Elder Angell asked Brother Scott " ... to be mouth ... as he was loose on the tongue." Truman Angeli's words were prophetic, for sugar manufacturing did subsequently develop into one of Utah's major industries. Ninety years later the Church controlled a sugar-refining company with headquarters in Salt Lake City and assets exceeding twenty-eight million dollars. At last Sir Robert did come, and John Scott asked him about " ... a large work on Irish Improvements," dealing ,vith sugar manufacture, which he understood Sir Robert had written. In the realms of art, Europe had even more to offer the pioneer architect, and he drank from its cup of culture like a thirsty Bedouin. Yet, his taste was discriminating-vny much so. As he jotted down his descriptions, he often added his frank appraisals. From Lhcn on Sir Robert's gates were wide open. He gave the hrcthn·n a pamphlet he had prcp,ircd al the rcc1ucsl of the British Parliament. lie referred Lhcm lo Mount Mellick's refinery, oivi111r them the name of a one-Lime clerk there. He inspected the immense Houses of Parliament, thc11 nearing THEIRS IS THE KINGDOM nplction, with its eleven courts, stained glass windows depict; kings and queens of England, niches with statues and other 11 artistry. Of it he wrote: "It was burdened with ornaments it became sickening. I had to think the object of decorating .s to excel rather than to display anything like a reasonable ;tc.,, Of elaborate Westminster Abbey, where monarchs were owned and buried, he said: "This building exhibited the genius men but there was something about it very inanimate." "The affair is grnnd," he wrote of London's famed Crystal t!acc, and in Manchester's Free Library he observed that the .. rooms were nearly similar lo one of our chilmbcrs in the an of the Statehouse, Territory of Utah." While in Dublin, he attended a play in the Queen's Royal hcatre. The performance did not interest him nearly so much as 1e playhouse itself, which he described as "a fine building, onsisting of three galleries." He lingered at Dublin's Nelson lonument, walking around its Doric column three times, and up :s winding stairs as the one-hundred-thirty-foot-high pedestal eemed to sway in the strong wind. Breathing hard, he climbed three hundred eleven circular tcps to the top of London's famed Monument, erected in :ommemoration of the Great Fire of 1666, and there let his :yes feast on the panorama of the "Sovereign of Cities," jeweled Nith ornate spires, glistening domes, and parapeted walls, and ·ibboned with the winding Thames. Then he took a steamer lown this stream of history, marveling at the gray, turreted rower of London, the shipbuilding on the Isle of Dogs, the Bishop of Canterbury's home, the massive bridges, and other wonders of English architecture. For hours he pondered over St. Paul's Cathedral in London, mous for its vast dome, with its huge bells ( one of which eighed more than five tons), and as a resting place of England's eat architect who designed it, Sir Christopher Wren, ~ A MISSION TO EUROPE 103 The Mormon architect no doubt paused at the plain black marble slab over Wren's remains, and read its Latin inscription meaning, "Reader, if thou seekest his monument look around." It was the touch of Sir Christopher's architectural fingers that had lifted London's black-shrouded head from the disaster of the Great Fire. While working with St. Paul's Cathedral, he also designed about thirty other London churches " ... no two alike in conception in detail." In addition, he was architect for other prominent buildings, including a palace and houses of royalty, hospitals, and the famous Monument which Elder Angell had ascended for a housetop view of London. • The Mormon architect's task on the desert was whal Wrnn's had been over the ashes of London two centuries before. Wren was paid only two hundred pounds (about one thousand dollars) a year while creating his splcndrous designs. Truman Angeli's income, too, had been humble, mostly in tithing scrip for purchasing only the bare necessities for his growing family. He had not so much as a tent to shelter his weary head while on his missionary journey across the plains. The English architect was forty-three years old when St. Paul's was begun. It was thirty-five years in building. Wren lived to be ninety-one, and in his old age insisted on being carried once each year to a spot beneath the cathedral's massive dome where he could meditate on the marvelous work of his mind. Truman Angell, too, was forty-three when work on his masterpiece, the Salt Lake Temple, was started. If it, also, took thirty-five years to complete, he would then be but seventy-eight, considerably younger than Wren's ninety-one. Yet, in Europe, sickness seemed to do its utmost to dash Truman Angeli's hopes of some day seeing the realization of his masterpiece, Not long after his arrival, his chest began bothering him. Then his head, In Ireland he contracted a severe cold, and with the coming of winter his chest trouble rehirned. Ile had 04 THEIRS IS THE KJNGDOM A MISSION TO EUROPE 105 lifficully sleeping. Rheumatism plagued his limbs. His nerves wiltcrcd. Depression overtook him. "I feel as though I had not 1 friend on earth," he told his journal one day. While in Wales he received a message from President Young to return to Utah. He was needed at the temple. Another letter had brought word that his wife Polly was ill. On the other hand, there was loo much to do and lo sec ror :he missionary to bother long with illness. Before winter set in, 1c crossed tl;e English Channel, arriving at Dieppe, France, where 1e inspected boaLs and watched scores of coarse, leathery-faced women carry heavy loads of herring on their bent backs. Then ~e took the train to Paris. He passed along France's vast fields of apple orchards, vineyards ", .. arranged like our cornfields in America," and through twelve tunnels, which the traveler was careful lo count. He not only recorded architectural descriptions and missionary experiences in his notebook, but also calculated, often to the quarter mile, the distance traveled each day, whether walking or riding by boat or train or in a horse-drawn gig. The architect prepared to leave immediately. His six months in Europe had been crowded with years of experience and learning. In Paris he studied such places as the Mechanics Institute, a " ... beautiful and well arranged affair," the Exchange, aqd the Royal l'alac<'. lie wandered thoughtfully through a large cemetery where he inspected the sculptured monuments of the wealthy, and bowed before the graves of the poor: openings in the earth about twenty rods long, fourteen feet wide, and five feet deep. Coffins were crowded in, end to end and side to side. He also paused at the tomb of Napoleon Bonaparte, whose remains, far away from those of the masses, lay in a reddish sarcophagus carved from a single block of Finnish granite weighing nearly sixty -eight tons. On the voyage to America, better health returned to Brother Angell, and he enjoyed watching the hordes of blunt-nosed porpoises bound across the waves like "a flock of antelope" to make way for the ship. Arriving at Boston in a March snowstorm, he visited a nearby paper mill and a grist mill. He also preached at a meeting of the Saints, and then proceeded to New York where he sold one hundred temple engravings to Apostle John Taylor. Then he continued to St. Louis, waiting there for some mail wagons to take him to Utah. While in St. Louis he shopped for a Hawkins rifle and a buffalo robe, sold some more temple engravings, inspected a sugar factory, and weighed himself (174 pounds). On several occasions he preached to the Saints in and about this growing. river center, in a state which not many years before had driven Truman Angell from its borders. Traveling like a Gulliver, the humble architect inspected an old castle on tiny Jersey Isle off the French coast, and two others on the Isle of Man near Scotland's southwest shores. Wherever his travels took him, Truman Angell remained a missionary. In Paris, with the help of a translator, he addressed a secret meeting or the Saints, secret because of the intense feeling ugainsl the Mormons. lie talked al a meeting in Jersey and before a conference of the Church in Wales. He purchased a "six shooter" and belt and some rounds of ammunition. He would need them on the plains, for food, and as a safeguard against Indians. Also packed into his luggage were some engraving prints of the temple. Yes, the Saints in Zion could now hang these temple pictures on their adobe walls and let their thoughts carry them happily away to that day to which the architect had beckoned when he said: "Wait till the house is done, then come and see it." At the first St. Louis meeting he addressed, he discovered in the audience an old friend, William Ward, the young stone-carver who had fashioned the Lion House lion and helped Truman Angell with the temple plans. William Ward had left the Church. The ncxl day he visited William, and two weeks later supped with him at his home. The day before Brother Angell departed THEIRS IS THE KINGDOM 106 for the West he agam called on the Wards and was pleased to observe after this visit, "He and his wife are more with the Sain ls than olher ways." Traveling by lrain and then steamer, the m1ss1onary reached Independence, Missouri. There, four mail wagons, each pulled by two mule teams, began the journey to Salt Lake City, with six passengers in addition lo six teamsters. Truman Angell found what little sleep he could on the ground in the open spring air. Often he spent the nights watching cattle or standing guard. Buffalo meal was served meal after meal. There was alarm one day when one of lhe lilllc group was reported lost while trackin~ strny mules. I le was l'ound Lhrre miles from camp. There he had fainted after walking about thirty-seven miles Li:wk. Ile had also lost the animal he had taken on the hunt with him. Truman Angell arrived in Salt Lake Valley on the afternoon of May 29, 1857. He had calculated the distance, to the half ,nilc, he had traveled while away for thirteen months: 16,579Y2 miles, more than enough to take him halfway around the world. Among those welcoming him was a five-months-old son he had not seen before, Theodore Johnson Angell, the first child of his third wife. Almost immediately he returned to his work with the temple, whose walls had not yet risen above the earth's surface. About six weeks after his arrival, he was called to preach at a midsummer conference in the Bowery. "It is the gospel that has brought us here," he began. "We are in the Bowery in consequence of believing in the Lord Jesus Christ, and I take comfort and joy when I reflect that I have volunteered with you to serve the Lord Almighty." Truman Angell was candid in his appraisals of men as well as of architecture, and some of his most penetrating criticisms dealt with himself. Continuing his Bowery address, he said: "I have examined myself and have endeavored to look after my own A MISSION TO EUROPE 107 foibles and imperfections. That is a constant labor with me. I cease not to prune my own heart, to dig about myself, that I bring forth peaceable and saving fruits of the gospel." TEMPLE SPIRES Chapter 10 TEMPLE SPIRES Just five days after Truman Angeli's Howery address, starlling news reached the Saints in the mountains, news lhat m11sl have struck like a th11ndcrboll al the pioneer architect. A month before, while Truman Angell was still on the overland journey to Salt Lake Valley from his mission, General Winfield Scott, on instructions from President James Buchanan, had ordered United States troops on an expedition to Utah. They were to accompany a new territorial governor to displace President Brigham Young. The news of the coming of the troops reached the Saints during a July Twenty-fourth celebration in Big Cottonwood Canyon. No, the Saints would not allow public officials to be imposed upon them by force, no more than did the New England forebears of many of them in Revolutionary War days. The rally cry rang through the blossoming desert valleys to the .Mormon settlements along the Pacific Coast, and to missionancs from England to India. Brethren hurried homeward to defend Zion against the threatening attack. The chirpinu of chisels on Temple Square ceased. Almost an army of stonec~tters, some of them old men with white hair and others mere youngsters, put aside their tools. Wagons, with their loads of lime and sand for the temple, no longer creaked through the gates of the high wall. Mormon men: with picks a~d shovels for digb>ing trenches and muskets and pistols for use rn case of attack, hastened to the mountain passes. ~hurch lcaJcrs were determined that this would not be 109 another Ohio or Missouri or Illinois. The temple Truman Angell had helped build in Kirtland had fallen into the hands of outsiders; at times it had even been desecrated with the odor of cattle. The temple at Nauvoo, too, had fallen to mobbers, who made of it a den of debauchery. Then an incendiary fired it, and later a tornado leveled its remaining gaunt walls. This time the enemy would not plunder homes or cat the fruits of the vanquished as he had done in Missouri and Illinois. Truman Angell had been through all that. lle had lasted pathos all right. Rut now, here in the mountains, he faced a threatening catastrophe which surely in many ways would be worse. The Saints were inslrueted by their leaders to leave nothing for the invader. They stripped their homes of what furniture could be piled into wagons or handcarts. Then straw, tinder, and sometimes dry leaves were carried into the houses. While families and flocks fled to the southlands, guards remained in Salt Lake City to hew down the young orchards and touch the torch to every home in the valley if and when the hostile army came. Truman Angeli's fond design, the Beehive House, the governor's mansion, would go up in a pillar of smoke along with the others: the Lion House, the Council House, the homes of apostles, and more buildings whose plans he had toiled so long to create, toiled until his weary body faltered and then refused to continue. Up with the crackling of flames would go the hand-carved stairways, the many gables, the stately porch columns, the etched door frames. "I think my building will make a good fire," wrote Apostle George A. Smith to a friend, referring to a new twelve-thousand. dollar home into which he was about to move when word of the invader came. Public works carpenters now turned their hammers and saws to making bins for carrying away grain on wagons. Church records were boxed and hauled south; so were the newspaper presses. Another exodus was on. THEIRS IS THE KINGDOM Then there was the temple foundation, the walls which nn;in Angell had designed and watched, the base of the edifice ich was to Le. Whal of this proposed !louse of the Lord'! lls hitcct had published to the Saints: "Wail till the house is nc, then come and sec it." Ile had brought back with him ,m England engravings showing how the completed temple ,uld look. lie had encouraged the Saints to hang them in their mes. Trumm1 Angell was there five years before at the lavinrr of . " cornerstone, when President Young had implored: " ... We "' pray the", onr Fallu,r, in llw name of Jesus Christ, that c, 011 wouldst pn~scrvt~ 11s from our cncmic:,; in Lhis place. TlwL , may have power to finish this temple, even to the lop stone. " Even this foundation would not be left to the enemy. As if Jsing a great gr.ave, workmen cov1•rcd the mute, motionless 1lls with dirt, until the site looked like nothing more than a oshly plowed field. Unplaced stones for the foundation and nt were also cached. If the Saints were driven from their land, Truman Angell ould find himself with even more family cares than those of ,e Missouri ordeal. His wife Polly had not been entirely well 11cc that experience. One of his daughters, Sarah Jane, had been arricd, but Truman Angell now had three families instead of 1e. His second wife, Susan, had two small children and was ,peeling another. Mary Ann, his third wife, had a small son, udly more than a year old. Brother Angell, himself, had 1joycd little robust health since those strenuous seven years 1er the trestle board. The future for the Angclls was not what one would call datable. About this time there arrived in the valley from the East a ckly little colonel, Thomas L. Kane, who had visited the Saints 11 the plains before they came West. He had taken ill there and TEMPLE SPIRES 111 Truman Angeli's sister, Mary Ann, had helped nurse him back to health. Colonel Kane became a loyal friend of the Mormons. After interviewing Church leaders in Sall Lake City, he proceeded lo the United Stales army at Camp Scoll, one hundred thirteen miles lo the cast. Largely through Colonel Kane's diplomacy, a peaceful settlement of difficulties was reached, and subsequently the Saints returned lo their homes. Straw and tinder were removed from residences. Furniture was returned. The architectural creations of Truman Angell had bccn preserved. The tempi<, l'oun<l:ilion w:,s 11111,:11·1!11·,l, hut hcl'on, work coul<I continue, t11"rc were some problems lo solve. What materi:ils should go into the exterior walls? That had been a 11ueslion for at least six years. It had been raised at the semi-annual general conference of the Church following the cornerstone laying. Some favored the cream-while oolitc stone from the Sanpete region, about one hundred miles to the south. Others, Red Butte's firestone in Salt Lake Valley. President Young was among those inclining toward adobes mixed with pebbles and straw. A streak of dapple gray granite had been discovered in Little Cottonwood Canyon, eighteen miles southeast of Salt Lake City. Some stone workers were sent to sample it, and this "framework of the earth's crust" became the choice of the General Authorities, 1 A tremendous task now lay ahead of the Church architect. Every one of the thousands of stones to go into the structure must be drawn to scale as a pattern for cutters. There would be rectangular ones, carved ones, rounded ones, and figured ones. These sketches called for days of tedious, painstaking work. Meanwhile, President Young, not satisfied with the foundation after its uncovering, asked for the replacement of its ragged lAcCording to James E. Talmage, in House of the Lord, p. 143, the so-called "temple granite" is actually a syenitc, occurring as a huge laccolith in Little Cottonwood Canyon, 12 THEIRS IS THE KINGDOM tunes and flaggings with helter trimmed masonry. This was lllolhcr ardt1oltS undertaking. In these years following the invasion scare, other architectural ,ffshoots of Truman Angell sprouted about in wood and stone. )nc of these was a h1rgc Limbered arch, mounted on four stone 1illan;, cn~ctcd in I B59 ovt·r the main entrance lo Presith~nl Young's estate a block cast of the temple site. The arch was mrmounlc<l Ly a wood-carved eagle wilh oulslretdwd win~s, modeled from a bird killccl by Truman Angdl in nrn,rliy City TEMPLE SI'! RES ll3 For about two years farm work seemed to give him the refreshment he sought. Then he became restless again. After pondering "for days," he decided to take up his carpentry tools and return to joiner work on the new tabernacle in the Temple Block. Conl'\lrul'liou ol' tliis mai,;sivc l11rllt•-shaprd auditorium which native En~lislunan, . was lo gain worl,lwi,!t, fame had lH'gun three years bcl'orc. I ls exterior was designed by William II. Folsom, the architect, and Henry Grow, a Mormon bridge lmilclcr from Pennsylvania, in co11sl1llalio11 will1 Prci,,;idcnl Young;. This Eagle Gate, designed by the Church architect, in later years, with the original wood bird plated with copper for preservation, became one of Salt Lake City's unique landmarks. For years fathers would soberly tell wide-eyed boys that every time this old eagle heard the clanking streetcar below it would fly down for a drink. The Civil \V nr was rnging east or the MissisHippi al the lime, and the railroad had not yet reached Utah. So nails were scarce. Consequently, structural lumber for the huge tabernacle roof was fastened into place by huge wooden pegs and strips of cowhide wrapped like little pythons around the huge timbers. In some construction in the valley at the time, red pine pins, about four inches long, an inch square, and pointed, were driven into holes bored at various angles in the planks. Crcc.k Canyon. Tiu~ ca~lc was carVt'.d hy a Ralph Ramsay, who made much of Brigham Young's housd,old furniture. But poor health remained Truman Angeli's unshakable partner, and in 1861, it forced his resignation, at the age of fifty-one, as Church architect, a position in which he had been sustained by the Saints since April, 1852, nine years before. At his suggestion, William H. Folsom, another native New Englander, was appointed Church architect. Brother Folsom was the son of a constmction contractor and at the age of sixteen had been placed in charge of five hundred men on a Lake Erie dock job. He, too, had been a joiner on the Nauvoo Temple, and, while waiting on the plains to come west, made the pillars for the Nebraska State Building, then under construction in Omaha. Weary from the tedium of the drawing board, Truman 0. Angell returned to the pursuit of his boyhood: farming. It would build the sinews which had been idle. It would give rcsl to tlu, brain and the nerves which had been so strained. Ile acquired a plot about three miles southeast of the Temple Block in an area which later became known as Gilmer Park. During much of the summer of 1866, Truman Angell, the joiner, toiled on the tabernacle, particularly on the cornice. With the coming of the cold of late autumn, however, his health again failed him, and he returned to the farm. For five months he could not do so much as a day's work. At the general conference of the Church the following April, the name of Truman 0. Angell was presented to the congregation for sustaining as Church architect. He was needed at the temple. He alone knew all the intricacies of the plans. There were still many pieces of stone to be drawn and scaled and superintended into place. The walls had not yet risen beyond ground level. Truman Angell rcali1.cd his weakness. "I feel a good deal worn out," he jotted down in his journal a few days btcr, "but if the President and my brethren feel to sustain a poor worm of the dust like me to be architect of the Church, let me strive to I ~ 4 THEIRS IS TIIE KINGDOM :rvc them and not disgrace myself." William H. Folsom became ,sislant architect. Brother Angell gathered up a bed and a few other household ffccls. placed them with himself and wife Polly in a friend's rngon, and rode into the city. They moved into a little room ,ctwccn two of the forty-two red sandstone piers supporting the abcrnaclc roof. Others of the family remained at the farm. Still worn from illness, the architect again took up his pencil md pen and e<Hnmc1u:cd drnwing <lclails for two building:-. that verc lo lH·eonw n·vPred hy the Saints and admin,<l by the .vorltl: the .Sall Lake Temple :11111 Takrnack Truman Angell found that his architectural instruments, loo, were becoming worn, and he himself repaired them. His drawing office was as humble as the architect. The cornice of the bbcrnaclc shaded its window so that he worked in the shadows. Then there was the noise of the hammers and the falling of litter and dirt from the tabernacle roof. After a June snowstorm the office was so cold and wet that for a morning he did not attempt to draw. In less than a month the heat in the shack was almost unbearable. For days Truman Angell grappled with the temple plans, pulling together the loose ends which had been somewhat idle since the army threat ten years before. He pored over details of the stones, striving to acquaint himself with each, even as a new schoolmaster learns his pupils. Each stone drawing must be properly lettered, numbered, and allocated. Material bills must be prepared for the men at the quarry. There must be sketches for the pattern-maker to follow in his drawings for the trimming of the stone. Later he spent some time experimenting with mortar for the temple to make sure of its strength. As he returned lo the temple plans, his thoughts must have often courted that distant day of dedication. "I believe," he once observed, "when the house is up, my labors will be appreciated ,rnd not before." TEMPLE SPIRES 115 The tabernacle also needed the architect's attention. The shell was up, but the interior was yet unfinished. Not only must he design the seating arrangement, the stand, the choir loft, the doors, and the windows, but he must also supervise the workmen. Thus, he alternated between the two big jobs. His eyes became sore from focusing on the drawing paper in the dim shack. One late spring rain brought severe chills to his ringers. Insomnia o[ten wcnl lo bed with him, and dizzy spells rccurn:d. One Lime when i11digcslion lroublt~d him, he co11rc~~ed, H~oll1i11g hul faith will keep me goinM." Ile kept going. Like a hen looking after her restless brood, he sometimes moved from one workman to another, instructing each in his task. For him, construction must be right. When he found some tabernacle sash had developed too much curve in drying, he himself corrected them. He was upset when he discovered that the foreman had not placed iron on two of the tabernacle doors, as Brother Angell had instructed him, so as to prevent bolts from cutting the wood jambs. He often stepped into the shop of the organ designer, Joseph Ridges. There he watched and counseled with him as he and his crew fashioned the hand-carved pillars for the tabernacle organ from fine-grained white pine hauled by oxen three hundred miles from Southern Utah, and fastened the pieces together with glue made by boiling hundreds of cattle and buffalo hides in large pots over fires. "He loved beautiful things," the organ builder wrote of Truman Angell. Brother Angell observed that the tabernacle stand was somewhat different from architectural styles of the day. To him it was a figurative battery. He contemplated the day when leaders of the Church would speak from its rostrum, and wrote: "You see not a gun. But you will or may hear them at the stand. The heaviest shots known on earth will be there." r 116 THEIRS IS THE KINGDOM TEMPLE SPIRES 117 In his work with the tabernacle, as with the temple, he always sought the approval of his leader, President Young. "I feel a blessed spirit always when I can suit the president in anything." When President Young suggested a cheaper iron than that recommended by the architect for fastening tabernacle benches to the floor, Truman Angell submitted, " ... He is too important a man for me to differ with." The next day was Sunday, and early in the morning Truman Angell walked the three miles to the farm, where he found Franklin gravely ill. The lad's father laid his hands upon him and blessed him. Entwined with his cares on the Temple Block were also those of the family out on the farm. Often on a weekend he walked out t? his place. There he inspected the apple trees, the grnpcvmcs, and the wheat field, and brought such produce as currants ~nd potatoes back to his quarters in the city. He showed his boys how to plant seeds, trim the fruit trees, and direct the irrigating waters. The eldest of his sons was but fifteen and the farm was often neglected. During this same summer of 1867, the grasshoppers attacked his farm in hordes, and early in Sep tcmber they had left leaves on scarcely a fruit tree. Another week passed, and again he returned to the farm on Sunday. Franklin was still low. Truman Angell comforted the family. On May Day he took the children to the theatre, and on the eve of July Fourth managed to absorb but little sleep because of the firing of pistols and guns and the ringing of bells. He purchased a five-dollar ticket for the ball in the theatre next ~"Y,• but did not attend because of " ... the plainness of my ng.' His visits to the farm, however, were not frequent enough to prevent some of his smaller children from becomina frightened in " • presence. Ins In the midst of his pressure of work on the tabernacle when it was heing readied for its first general conference in O~tober the architect received disconcerting news from the farm. His littl~ son Franklin, just two years old, was ill. It was Saturday, and Truman Angell obtained some medicines from a physician. He could not leave immediately, however. There was too much supervisory work al the tabernacle. Conference was only a month away. The architect walked back to town and was on the job at the tabernacle by 7 a.m. the ncx t day. Again, however, he was back at the tabernacle for work Monday. The next week was a hard one. With the rush of work, there developed distasteful differences on the job. "I feel crushed," the architect journalized, but added that a visit from President Young lifted his spirits. Another Sunday, and Franklin was still gravely ill. Again a hard week followed at the tabernacle. Straps for fastening down the seats had been made wrong. There were some troubles with the joiners, and the iron for the doors had been overlooked. Saturday came after a night in which the architect, so he wrote, had mulled over his tabernacle work. He explained how he sometimes found solutions to "bulky diagrams" while lying on his pillow. At noon Saturday word came from his wife Mary Ann for him to come at once to the farm. Franklin was now extremely ill. Brother Angell hastened to the bedside. Franklin's spirit lingered for the night, but took its flight on the morning of the Sabbath. Death had struck again. Its heavy burden would be particularly difficult to bear this time. Scarcely more than a week remained before general conference. Truman Angell took the measurements of his Ii tlle son's body, and went to town in search of burial clothes. A friend ! THEIRS IS THE KINGDOM roffercd his wagon to the Angclls for the funeral. It was a rmt«h affair" but the architect " ... thought it would do to ·11t go. " ,kc .,my children and sue I1 o r us :ts m1g The nex l ,lay, Monday, Truman Angl'!I was back al the abcrnaclc, laying ont the work for the men. Lalcr in Llw "omin" another friend, Brother J. Crosby, called at the job in " 1is carri~1ge. Ile drove Lhc grief-stricken architect, his son, Tru- nan Osborn, and the coffin back to the farm. A simple fnncral was conducted in the home. Only five ,ersons, other than the family, were present. One or the ward .eaclwrs orrl~rt'd so11w remarks ~md .t pr~1ycr. \Vlwn the service was over, Truman A11~dl placctl the coffi11 in Lhc wailing wagon. fhen the mother, her three surviving children, and the father climbed in. Reins in hand, the architect drove off to the cemetery. There he lifted the little box out of the borrowed wagon, and, aided by the gravedigger, lowered it with leather slr;ps into the hole. Brother Angell beckoned his family to his side, and over the grave called on the Lord in a prayer of dedication. Then he took a shovel, and with the gravedigger, coVl'l't~d l he hox. Mary Ann was loo broken in spirit to ret11rn to the farm where she had suffered so many anxious days, so her husband drove her and the three children to her father's home for a few days. Tmnwn Angell returned to the farm, and next day was back al his duties in the Temple Block. But he did not work much. He was too tired and upset. Five days later Truman Angell sat on the back row of the tabernacle, iistening to President Young in general conference. ~t a subsc<1ucnt session of this conference Truman was again sustained as Church architect. He received the renewed call with a prayer: "God grant I may do my duty and the voice of the spirit of revelation be on :_ 1L,. ""'"'" ,, TEMPLE SPIRES 119 He now turned his attention to the temple, making out lists of stone to be hauled from the quarry. With hammer, chisel, and explosives, men hewed the big gray blocks of granite, which were placed on the wagons, often drawn by four or six oxen to a load. Sometimes the stones weighed loo heavily 011 the wagons and they crashed to the earth until the trail from Lillie Collonwood to Salt Lake Cily was strewn with wreckage, like the wake of a routed artillery. At one time work was started on a canal for floating the rock to the city, but it was given up. Plans for the Sall Lake Temple c.illed for .in <LssemLlagc or stones of inlcrc.sling shapes, many of them symbolic. There were the" massive Earth Sto11cs, fil'ly of them, whil'h would wci~I, ovl'r Lhrcc Lons c:.1ch, representing various sections of the earth. Then, above the Earth Stones, were to go the Moon Stones, portraying in granite the different appearances of the moon. There would be Sun Stones, Star Stones, Cloud Stones, buttress capstones, spires, and other shapes, all filling into an intricate pattern. The year 1868 brought further delays in the erection of the temple. Truman Angell was still busy with the plans. There were more stones to letter, number, and bill to their proper places. Meanwhile, however, two double strips of shining steel were reaching toward each other, like outstretched arms, across America: one from the east and one from the west. Soon they would unite and thereby link the Atlantic and the Pacific by rail. To assist in this great project, President Young contracted with the Union Pacific to grade ninety miles of railroad bed. Mormon men thronged to the new cmprisc. Only one or two stonecutters remained at the temple site. Trimming the stone was the most time-absorbing of all Lhe temple work. Placing it was much faster. Without a large crew of cutters, the work remained at a virtual standstill. The next year the golden spike was driven at Prom on Lory, Utah. The transcontinental railroad was complete. Clanking engines with wide, funnel-shaped smokestacks and strands of bttmping cars began rolling through the West. THEIRS IS THE KINGDOM !'he building of the temple was to be materially affected by coming of the railroad, which during the seventies continued pin its web of steel through the valleys of Utah. Even in Salt e City there was a local rail system with mules pulling the , In 1B72, the Utah Southern Railroad was built south ,ugh Sall Lake County, and granite for the temple was hauled wa~on a few miles from the quarry to the Sandy station, iec by rail lo the city. A year later other lines were added, that the stone could be carried by rail the entire distance n the Little Cottonwood ,1uarry to the temple site. No longer the iourncy a long and hazardous one by oxen, consuming ,c or four days. Hewing and hauling of the huge granite hulks now took on a v tempo. James Livingston, a native Scot, who lost an arm as esult of a rock blast, was in charge of the quarry. A veritable nmcrtimc village, with homes for workmen's families, flower <lens, and miniature waterfalls and fountains bordered by p:,d paths, sprang up near the stone fields. By the autumn of 1871, the temple walls were beginning to : above ground level. Three years later the Temple Block cmblcd a fold full of sheep awaiting the shearer; everywhere JUL the ground were large stones ready for trimming and icing. Construction really moved forward now. Truman Angell d disposed of his farm and transferred his family into the city as to be nearer the temple. By 1875. he was sixty-five years old. The temple had been dcr construction for twenty-two years. If it took the same nc to complete as had St. Paul's in London, there were irtccn years remaining. The architect would then be scventy;ht. If health were kind to him, perhaps he would achieve that e, Ilut there were lo be other temples erected in this, the spcnsation of the fttlncss of times, and more demands came ,on Truman Angell, the Church architect. TEMPLE SPIRES 121 In 1861, the year the Civil War broke out, a Latter-day Saint settlement was founded in southwestern Utah, in a valley where the soil in the summer was hot and red like embers; an ideal rendezvous for rattlesnakes and gila monsters. This alkali-tainted place was called St. George, and it was incorporated as a city before there was so much as a house. Its first white child was born in a wagon box. St. George settlers had been called there by President Young to raise cotton. The town became a garden of beauty, and ten years after its founding, President Young said that the time had arrived to begin a temple there. He asked Truman Angell to draw the plans. The designs as Brother Angell penciled them called for a much smaller edifice than the Salt Lake Temple, but one of unique beauty and solid proportions, with parapeted walls, a single tower, and both circular and circle-top windows. The same consecration to the Cause which had erected the temples in Kirtland and Nauvoo characteriz<;d the building of the Lord's house in St. George. As earth was scooped out, alkali springs were encountered. To make firm the foundation, hundreds of tons of volcanic rocks were pounded into the large cavity, drained of its oozing mud. They were hammered into the earth by a pile driver made from a Mexican War cannon, filled with lead and, to prevent splitting, encased in cottonwood bark fastened by steel bands. Ox teams hauled timber, some pieces twelve by twenty-four inches thick and forty-six feet long. Mule teams brought in much of the black volcanic rock and red sandstone from the nearby hills. In less than six years the temple was dedicated. 2 2According to The Improvement Era. Vol. 17, p. 62, Truman O. Angell wa~ also architect for the St. George stakehouse, acclaimed as an outstanding specimen of New England architecture among buildings of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. It was begun hardly more than a year after the first St. George settlers arrived, and much of the timber for its tall clock tower and roof was shaped by hand ax. THEIRS IS THE KINGDOM \lcanwhilc, the gray walls of the great temple in Salt Lake continued their upward push. At the general conference of Church in October, 1876, when the St. George Temple was ing completion, President Young challenged the assembled ts: "Now I will make a proposition, and you may have five s to do the work I am about to assign you." I-le asked the 1Lers residing in southern and central Utah to build a temple lfonti, and those in southern Idaho and northern Utah to t one in Logan. '1'11cn the prophet's thoughts turned lo the unfinished slruejusl outside lhe Sall Lake Tabcruaclc, where he was 1ki11~: HGo lo work a11<l ri11i~h the LPmph•, in lliis cily hwilh .... Co lo, now, wilh your mig;lil a11d wilh your ns and finish this temple." Five years. That would be 1881, little more than twentyl years after the Salt Lake Temple was begun! Though his lh was waning somewhat, Truman Angell should certainly live ,cc that day. He would be only seventy-one. As Church architect, Brother Angell was asked to take charge :he plans for the temples proposed for Manti and Logan, but was a little too much. The supervising trips to St. George, ral of them over bumpy roads in miserable weather, had 1 wearing on him. Logan and Manti were both about one dred miles from Salt Lake City, so the new plans were given 1is assistants. William H. Folsom took the Manti Temple, and man 0. Angell, Jr., the one at Logan. Less than five months after the temple at St. George was ical<'d, death came to President Brigham Young. His passing Led, no doubt, a vast void in the world of Truman 0. ;ell. In planning for temples and tabernacles, mansions and Linghouses, and factories and forts, President Young's counsel been as a lamp lo his drawing board. " ... Whatever is his ics the Lord will sustain," the architect once wrote of him, · Ile seems lo dictate all he docs ... All I ask is to know the d of President Young to me and my way is clear." TEMPLE SPIRES 123 In Nauvoo the death of the Prophet Joseph Smith had not ended the building of the temple there. Neither did the earthly departure of President Young conclude the erection of the Salt Lake Temple. These were houses of the Lord, for his work. Their creation could not stop for death, even of prophets, for their purpose was to open the gates to new glories in the realms beyond death. The temple walls continued to climb higher and higher, faster and faster. The year President Young died they had reached about twenty feet above the b>Tound. Three years later they were about forty feel high. 'nut, as the temple building progressed, death again lugged at the architect's heart strings. Seven months after !'resident Young's passing, Polly Johnson Angell died. She had married Truman Angell in western New York shortly before they both joined the Church. She had shared with him the hardships and heartaches of Ohio and Missouri and Nauvoo and Winter Quarters. No longer now would Truman Angell walk into his home and say, "Where's everybody?"-and when others of the household would ask what he meant, reply: "Why Polly, of course!" Into the eighties, the erection of the Salt Lake Temple continued. By 1884, the stone work was up to the top of the circular windows in the main body of the building. Truman Angell reached this year " ... with great fatigue." He was now seventy-four, and had lived beyond the five-year period of President Young's challenge of 1876. He was still Church architect. The Saints had pushed the building of the three temples with vigor and sacrifice, but had been unable to complete any one of them in the specified time. However, the Logan Temple was dedicated in 1884. In 1886, stone work crept up the towers of the Sall Lake Temple above the top of the main body of the building. Trnman 0. Angell was afflicted with dropsy. The white of the winter of life now streaked his hair and beard. The eyes which had endured so much strain over the trestle board were sunken under a forehead lined by three score ten and six years. THEIRS IS Tl!E KINGDOM The next year was a critical one for the Church. In March, ngress, because of the feeling against a people practicing plural rriagc, passed the Edmunds-Tucker Law. It provided, among 1cr things, the disincorporation of the Church and the confis.ion of much of its property. A government-appointed receiver ,cd the Temple Block. People wondered if the temple would finished. Enemies of the Church recalled old boasts that this ilding would never be complclcd. Schemers planned to lake sscssion of the unfinished edifice. The summer following the passage of the Edmunds-Tucker w, President John Taylor, who had succeeded President Young, .•d in exile. Three months h1ter, the Church lost the man who d served thirty-one years as its architect. Death came lo uman Osborn Angell on the morning of October 16, 1887, at , residence seven blocks south of the temple. He was seventy- v,~n. Truman Angell left this life on a Sunday, fitting indeed for s departure. Since he had joined the Church fifty-five years ,fore, every day to him had been somewhat of a Sabbath ,cause he dedicated each to the building of the kingdom of od on earth. The immediate cause of his death was believed to be dropsy, :gravated by a severe cold. He was survived by two wives, ,irteen children (the eldest, forty-six years old; the youngest, <), forty-two grandchildren, and thirteen great-grandchildren. "He was a modest, unassuming man, of genial disposition, 1d was a staunch and true Latter-day Saint," the Deseret News 3 ~scribed him. He held the office of patriarch at his death. A rge congregation of mourners crowded the Third Ward chapel ,r his funeral. When Truman Angell died, work on the temple was reaching ,lo the spires, those fingers of stone which extend so high 3octobcr 17, 1887. TEMPLE SPIRES 125 toward the heavens. Four years after his death, government proceedings against the Church were closed and claim on the Temple Blorl, was dismissed. The humble architect was not there, in the flesh, in IB92, when venerable, white-haired President Wilford Woodru l'f pushed an electric button and a pulley lowered the temple capstone into place, and a throng of forty thousand Saints, like a heavenly host, waved handkerchiefs and thrice chorused Lhunclcrously: "Hosanna! Hosanna! Hosanna! to God and the Lamb. Amen! Amen! and Amen!" Trnrnan Angeli's earthly eyes did nol behold Llw temple dedication a year later when l'rcsidcnl. Woodrn IT, pray in~ fervently, presented the Lord of Hosts with this, llis House, built in the desert by forty years of toil and sacrifice. Truman Angeli's deep-set blue eyes did not see the procession of repeated dedicatory meetings, lasting nearly three weeks, so that many could attend the services in the limited facilities of the temple assembly room. These people had come, as Truman Angell said they should come, when he beckoned, through the press nearly thirty-nine years before: "For further particulars, wail till the house is done, then come and see it." Truman Angell was not there to see it, this " ... mountain .of the house of the Lord.... established in the top of the mountains ... exalted above the hills. " 4 It was finished now, a portal to celestial realms, in its garb of splendrous gray, like the dawn. Truman Angeli's earthly task had been done. But as long as the Salt Lake Temple stands, there will be a magnificent monument to the patience, skill, and dedication of its humble architect. 5 4Micah 4: 1. 5"Brother Angell needs no monument at his grave, for as long as the Salt Lake Temple stands, that is monument enough for him.''-From the funeral remarks of Elder Daniel H. Wells, for twenty years a counselor to President Brigham Young in the First Presidency and for many years, as superintendent of public works, Truman Angdl's immediate superior. Sec Heart Throbs of the West, Vol. 3, p. 71. 194 OUR PIONEER HERITAGE I TRUMAN 0. ANGELL - MASTER BUILDER One of the pioneers featured in this clu.ptcr is Tmman 0. Angell. A member of the 1847 trail-breakers, this lalcntcd man was to become one of Zion's kuling: figtircs in 1.hc fidd of architecture, his skill being utilized in the planning of numerous of the early buildings, the most renowned of which is the Salt Lake Temple. The diary of his mission to EngLmJ, which follows, w;1s given to a gr;1nddaughtcr of Truman 0. Angell, Laura Angell King, one who revered his memory. Mrs. King g;1vc the di;uy to the D;rnghtcrs of U t;1h Pioneers with the request it be placed in her case in the Pioneer Memorial Museum along with other precious Angell relics. But, Truman 0. Angell as with other famous diaries a.nd wife Elizabeth which_ through the years have been given to the Daughters for safekeeping, it was placed in one of the well guarded files in the library. It is an interesting treatise which covers Angell's mission to Europe to study the styles of architecture in various countries preparatory co his work on the Salt Lake Temple and other buildings. It also tells of his investigation, at President Young's request, of the beet sugar industry, and visits to several sugar making plants. Later on, in an exchange of letters between himself and Brigham Young, he was instructed to design and have manufactured in England, souvenir dinner pbtes featuring pictures of the Church's president and the Nauvoo Temple. A blessing by John Smith, Patriarch, upon the head of Truman 0. Angell: Brother Truman, I by my hands upon thy head in the name of Jesus Christ, and by the authority of my office as a Patri:irch, I seal upon thee all the blessings of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob; the Holy Priesthood, -:md all the Keys and Mysteries of the s:ime which shall be revealed unto thee when thou shalt receive thy washings .and Endowments in the house of the Lord with thy companion. This is thy right by lnheritance from thy fathers; being handed down from generation to generation; even from Joseph, who was sold into Egypt. Although sometimes mingled with ( Cf u~ STORIES OF YESTERYEAR 195 Gentile blood, yet thou art of the house and pure blood of Ephraim. Thy calling is more particularly co labour in assisting the saints to build cities and Temples than traveling abroad co preach the Gospel. The Lord shall give you wisdom to teach the principles of .Architecture which hath been head in the Church from ever• Listing. Thou sh;1lt be blessed in thy family; itusmuch as thou hast seen much affliction, sickness and poverty; th)' house shall be a habitation of peace; health and plenty and happiness shall surround thy domestic circle; thy family shall become very numerous; none shall excel them for wisdom, skill and strength. Thou sh.1.lt have faith to do any miracle to accomplish thy work for the benefit of building up the Kingdom of God upon the Earth. Thy name shall be had in honour:tblc remember:incc to all generations; Thou shale live to sec the winding up scene of this generation according to the desire of thy heart; and all things ;1ccomplished which the Propht.•ts hath srmken concl'rning the latter day Glory; and the Temple built which is to be <lone before all tbis gener:ition p-:1ss away. Thou sh-:1lt be one of the laborers in that Temple co accomplish the curious workmanship for the woodwork of the same; and receive an Endowment in it .with thy .companion when it is finished with many of thy children which shall be the greatest blessing chat you ever enjoyed until that day. Inasmuch as you· endure in faithfulness to the end, I se-:11 all these blessings upon Thee in common with chy companion and children forever, Amen. - Recorded in Book D. Page 165 HIS JOURNAL I, Truman 0. Angell, am the third son of James W. Angell, who was the son of Solomon Angell; all natives of the State of Rhode Island. My mother's name is Phebe, who was the daughter of Abraham Morton. I was born on the 5th day of June, 1810, in the town of North Providence, St-:1te of Rhode Island; and lived in the vicinity of my birthplace until I arrived at the age of twenty-one. While yet but a stripling of 5 or 6 years, family difficulties occurred, which ca~sed a separation of my parents; and thus having no father to restrain me, I pleased myself; and did many things I ought not. My mother having seven children to support, and nothing but her hands for her fortune, it can readily be seen that means of commencing an educ;1.tion were very limited; what I have received was gotten in winter schools, and very little at that. \Vhen I was about 9 years old, my father returned to his familv· ~ut I was shortly after sent from home, and returned only at dista;; intervals. At the age of 17, I commenced learning the carpenter and joiner's trade under the instruction of a man in the neighborhood of my father's residence; and continued with him until I was 19. About .. 196 Ou1t P10N1:,FR HE1t1T/\cr:. this tlmc l first felt an c,1rncst desire to become a subject of Christianity, and for some months made an earnc~t supplication b~forc the Lord; and from then on, my mischievous life and shortcomings w.erc hid aside; and I have ever since tried to do what was right; feeling that God required it. I joined the Freewill-Baptist Church, and always retained a good standing while among them. Sympathy for my mother's sufferings, in consequence of the conduct of my father toward her, caused me at the age of 21 to remove her to myself among her friends. Her trials were truly great; she almost sank under them; but my sympathies were with her. The following fall I journeyed, taking my mother with me to her kinfolks, brothers and sistel"S who resided at China, Genesee County, New York State, where I settled, :1nd soon ~tfter I married Polly Johnson. The following January, being nearly 23 years old, 1, with my mother :rnd wife embrac(,,.·d the Gospel of Jesus Christ as taught by the L:lttcrc.by S:lints, through instrumentality of Elders Aaro~1 Lyons and Leonard Rich. And five weeks thereafter, I was ore.lamed an Elder under che hanJs of Elder Lyons. The spring following 1 went 011 a mission in company with Elder Joseph Holbrook; we were absent about 9 weeks; traveled about five hundred miles, preaching daily; and went as far East as Rhode Island. In the month of July following, I, in comp::my with my wife, moved to a place abo~t 4 5 miles. eastward called Lima; my mother preferred to stay behind. At this ~ast place our first child was born, being a d:iughter; and but a short t.1me :ifcer, the mournful intelligenc,._ burnt upon us of ~he perse:ut1~ns :1g:1inst the Brethren in the State of Missouri; and their extermm:ttion from Jackson County of that State. My heart burned with anguish; I sent them a stand of arms; but my extremely low circumstances and the counsel of Elder Orson Pr:itt and ochers who were made acquainted with my situation by Hyde Bishop (this without my knowledge), prevented me from joining the "Camp" and going up myself to the rescue of the brethren. After a residence of about a year and a half in Lima, I moved to Kirtland, Ohio, in the fall of 183 5, arriving one Saturday about 4 or 5 o'clock p.m. The next day, Sunday, meeting assembled in the Temple on a loose floor which had been arranged for carpenters' benches etc., the house was partly filled, the people b~ing se~ted on wor~ benches and other things. President Joseph Smith, durmg the meeting, arose to speak upon an order he had given to Oliver Cowdery to seek out a book for a Church Record; for such must be kept; this had been complied with, a good book had been selected and it pleased President Smith. I · ·11 The book was not paid for, but was to be returned to >amcsv, c if it did not suit; and the Prophet said he would be gb<l to have the Saints donate the amount, about $12.50, and make the pun:ha\c, :rnd keep the book; it being of good p:lper and thorou.ghly Wl'I\ buund. A m:ln arose ne:lr the middle of the horn1.: :iml !>llll he w.1nlcd the leaves counted to sec if it would·not be Lctt~·1· lll \,uy the pip,·r by STOIUFS OF Y ESTElt YEAR 197 the rc:11n, the difference being that we might put it in a newspaper, or something of the kind. Brother Joseph spoke out and said the devil could not raise his head there, but he would know him. I note chis to show the little means with which the Church was obliged to commence the history of a people destined to become great. I immediately commenced working upon the House of the Lord, known as the Kirtland Temple, and continued until its dedication, previous to which I had received my first Endowments, which were conducted in the upper chambers or attic, chis part of the house having been finished and prepared for use. The roof was supported by four trusses, which left us five rooms. In these same rooms the power of God was made manifest to encourage us wonderfully. After the Endowment, I was ordained a member of the 2nd Quorum of Seventies and the following Spring I commenced makingarr,tngcmcnts to go on a mission. While 1 yet had a day or two mor~ work, anc.l while at work, Joseph Smith, Jr., the Prophet and Seer came to me and asked me to build a store. I ariswcred that in consequcnce of being a seventy I was about to go out into the vineyard preach. "Well," he s;iid, "Go ahc:.ld," an.d I continucc.l my work. I he next day I looked t1p and saw the First Presidency of the Church together, distant about forty rods. I dropped my head a·nd continued my work. ~t this time a voice seemed to whisper to me, "It is your duty to build that house for President Smith," and while 1 was meditating, I looked up and Brother Joseph Smith, Jr., was close to me. He s:1id, "It is your duty to build chat house." 1 answered "I know it " Accordingly I changed my determination and yielded° obedience. The nu~erous. and continued calls to do this and that job soon plunged ~e m business so deep that I asked Brother Joseph if it was my calling to work at home. He said, urn give you work enough for twenty men." I then began work on an extensive scale and laid my plans to go ahead. Am.o~g the 1:1~lt~plicity of buildings under my charge, I had the supervmon of fm1Shmg the second, or middle wall of the Temple, including the stands, etc. After .some months passed in this manner, persecution commenced agamst the Heads of the Church in consequence of the failure of the Bank of Kirtland. This institution would have been a financial success and a ble~sing to the Saints - which they needed very much - _had th~ Gentiles who borrowed the money of the Bank fulfilled their promises. Also Parish, the clerk and cashier, robbed the bank of about $20,000. These things crippled the Bank and caused it to suspend business soon after; and false Brethren in consequence forced President Smith to Missouri, seemingly to save himself. . I settled :"ith President Smith before he left, and upon settling with my creditors, not having carried in a bill sufficient co cover my expenses, foun~ that I was in debt $300.00 over my avails. 1 had to ta.ke the benefit . of the_ Bankrupt L~w which leaves a portion of this amount standmg agamst one at th1S day. I here desire to men- ;? 198 OUR PIONEER HERITAGE tion a few more items in connection with the Temple. The work on the Lower Hall went on to the finishing of the stands and pews or slips, plastering and painting complete. About chis time Frederick G. Williams, one of President Smith's counselors, c:m1e into the Temple when the following dialogue took place in my presence: Carpenter Rolph said, .. Doctor, whlt do you think of the House?" He answered, "It looks to me like the pattern precisely." He then related the following: Joseph received the word of the Lord for him to take his two counselors, \Villiams and Rigdon, and come before the Lord and He would show chem the pbn or model of the House to be built. \Ve went upon our knees, called on the Lord, and the Building appeared within viewing dist:mcc. I being the first to discover it. Then all of us viewed it together. After we lud ukcn a good look at the exterior, the Building seemed to come right ovl'r us, :md the 't\.fakl·up of this 1-hll Sl'emed to coincide with wh:lt 1 then: saw to ;1 minutia. Joseph w:is accordingly en:ibled to dict:itc to the mechanics, and his counselors stood as witnesses, and this was strictly necessary in order to satisfy the spirit of unbelief in consequence of the weakness or childishness of the Brethren of those days. The following arc a few items which transpired about this time. One I will note: Joseph came into the Hall, the leading mechanic, John Carl, by profession a carriage builder, wanted to seat the House contrary to what Joseph had proposed. Joseph answered him that he had seen the inside of every building that had been built unto the Lord upon this c.1rth and he hated to have to say so. Under such childlike feeling, they prepared to dedicate the Lower Hall. The hall was filled at an early hour in the afternoon, I being present among the rest, The Dedicatory Prayer was offered, Sidney Rigdon being mouth. \Vhen :i.bout midway during the prayer, there was a glorious sensation passed through the House; and we, having our heads bowed in prayer, felt a sensation very elevating to the soul. At the close of the prayer, F. G. \Villiams being in the upper east stand - Joseph being in the speaking ·stand next below rose and testified_ that midway during the prayer .an Holy Angel came and seated H1m~clf in the stand. \Vhen the afternoon meeting assembled, Joseph, feeling very much elated, arose the first thing and said the Personage who had appeared in the morning was the Angel Peter come to accept the dedication. To return to my narrative. I now determined to go to Missouri. So in the spring of 1837, I ma~!e shift to get a .hon.c and wagon and started; my whole fortune being a 5~~t.:cnt piece and our needful clothing. The very fitst day out thl' .\tn~lctrl'c broke, and I had to pay a part of the 50 cents t_o h.lYC it rqui'.ctl. The. landlord where I stopped challenged the genu111t·n1.'\\ uf chc piece of sLlver, and .~truck STORIES OP YESTERYEAR 199 it with a hammer expecting to sec it fly to pieces. After seeing that he ruined the coin, he refused to give me the change due. Also my horse proved balky; so with a rickety wagon, a balky horse, not a P.enny in my pocket, a family to feed and a thousand miles to go, times looked bad enough. Fortunately I was en route with Brother James Holman, who loaned me $5.00 which I paid to a man with whom I exchanged horses. This horse proved a good one, and by selling off some of our children's Sunday suits we were enabled to proceed about 200 miles. I then stopped and worked three weeks and then went on again; :ind in this manne1·, :tftcr many severe trials and difficulties, we arrived_ in Missouri in the .fall, having dodged the mob in sundry places m order to do so. I immediately exchanged my horse for ten acres of ~and but was destined not to enjoy it, for the spirit of mobocracy ragmg around all our settlements in this sta.tc. Three <lays after my arrival I was forced on the nlarch an<l remained so until the exterminating proclam.1tion by Governor Boggs was issued, which w:ts to t.lkc l'ff1..·cl in the spring following, whc11 I wa.-. once more turned u1~on a cold-hearted world, friendless ~rnJ penniless, and in midwmtcr! force~ to fly for my life and no means of doing so, my bnd not being available. I retreated to Illinois, leaving my wife :md children as I had no means of taking them with me. I succeeded in getting employment a~out 5 miles from Quincy, from Heil Travis, framing a barn, agreemg to receive my pay in provisions preparatory for my family when arriving. At the close of March after having been seven weeks without news from my family, word reached me at 9 o'clock at night that they had arrived on the opposite bank of the Mississippi River, at which my heart greatly rejoiced. I arose before light and started to meet them. I had eleven miles to go. After crossing the river and wading five miles in mud and water, through brush and timber, I found those I sought in a tent of blankets on the west side of the East Fabus River. Here a scene presented itself to my view that will long be remembered by me. There lay my poor sick wife, her bed upon the melting snow, very ill. My two little ones, the last one was born in Ohio, were by her side, their clothes almost burned off from standing by log campfires. No one to care for them, all the Brethren and sisters having cares enough of their own, though they were kind beyond what could be expected. The River Fabus having risen to the top of its banks and carried off the ferry boat, I was debarred for one week and until another could be built by the halting company which had here gathered the privilege of taking my wife to a place of comfort. I learned that my wife had been extremely ill before starting, and yet she vcntu'red on the journey. But taking cold upon cold, she was reduced so low that but little hopes were entertained of her living to see me again. Upon crossing the river six days after, I found a home at the I I j .. 200 OUR PIONEER HERITAGC S;lint, Heil Tr:tvis farm, who trc:ltcd us with a parent's kindness ,\.nd mini-~tcrcd lo our w:rnts. My wife's health partially returned, but she has never been able to work much since. \'Ve lived at this farm for about two years and then moved to N:rnvoo where I am at this writing, having been here over four years. My privations, the persecutions, sickness of my family and missions have tended to keep me low in purse, but ID)' hc:1lth is improving. I had steady employment upon the Temple, having been :lppointcd superintendent of joiner work under Architect \\'.,illi.nn \\7ccks, and God gave me wisdom to carry out the architect's designs which g:i.incd me the good will and esteem of the Brethren. Persecutions have been so frequent that I scarce think of it. But I will say that I st1ffcrcd much - in common with the rest of my Brethren - during the persecutions in which the Prophet and Patri.irch lost their lives. The Temple was, at this writing, October 28, 1845, enclosed, and the inside work progressing very rapidly. The attic was finished up complete and made ready for Endowments, while the lower rooms, basement and lower Hall were going on. I received my Endowments in the aforesaid attic, together with Polly, my wife, and afterward our Scaling and second annointings, which far excelled any previous enjoyments of my life up to that time. At the time when the first encampment of the Brethren - the Twelve and others - left Nauvoo, \o/illiam \'leeks, the Archi··~ct, was taken away with them. This left me to bring out the design and finishing of the lower Hall which was fully in my charge from then on to its completion, and was dedicated by a few of us, Brother Orson Hyde taking charge, he having come back from the encampment of the Twelve for that purpose. The Church is compelled in consequence of persecution throughout the entire State of Illinois being so heavy, its army arrayed against us, the determination being to destroy, to flee to the Mountains according to the Command of the Lord; this being our only chance of safety. I was chosen to go to the \Vest in company with the Pioneers, at which my heart greatly rejoiced. After the Dedication of the Temple my exertions were made to gather up an outfit to leave for the West. The committee in charge was instructed to furnish me a rig, the best they could, which detained me until late in the Summer; they not having the power to get it earlier. I was furnished two wagons which needed thorough repairing. After getting them ready, I put all my affairs into them and crossed the Mississippi River to the opposite bank, waiting at the camp for cattle and means to buy provisions. The cattle which were furnished me were young and unbroken. I got some provisions and a rig and started for Winter Quarters. On my way I was taken with chills and fever, which was very severe. I got two Negroes to act as teamsters who took me through to the STORIES 01 1 YESTER'\;EAR 201 Missouri. The effects of this sick1ll,'SS lurked about me all winter leavin~ me faint and feeble. This was the place of rendezvous the. Pioneers before starting for the Valley early in the Spring fol- fo; t lowmg. My hope and faith were in a future state. I was one of the Pio- neers in coming to and making a home for the Saints in Utah in 1847, an~ returned to Winter Quarters. The following winter I made a f1tout and took my family, in the spring, and started for our new home, arriving in Utah in the fall with an ox team, a dist:mcc of over 1000 .miles, mov.ing my sick wife on her back every ro~ of the way, having two children with us, having buried three in Wmter Quarters. Soon after my arrival I was chosen Architect for the Church - the former architect, William Weeks, having deserted a~d left. for the ?ast, thereby taking himself from the duties of the sa,d off,c~ -which posi:io'.1 I hold co this day. (1883) Previous to my mission to Eurape, Susan- Eliza Savage and Mary Ann Jol.mson were scaled to me. I had been absent about 13 months when I was called home; my presence being needed upon the Temple. After I was calle~ t? be Architect of the Church, the buildings of almost every descril?t1on throughout the Territory and especially Salt Lake were placed m my charge. I will not mention all of them for they could not well be remembered. But I mention the Salt Lake Temric and the one at St. George. I was notified that they wa1:ted a 1 em~le for St. George about the size of. the Nauvoo Temple. ~usmess cr~wdmg me so much, I had to take up the design at sundry tm~es. While the authorities were at St, George, I accomplished the ~es1gn,. an_d not ~~owing that it would suit them, I did not follow it out m its specifications and details to my usual full arrangements. The plans were accepted ~n.d t_he building started. In consequence of the la~k of ID}'.' full spectf1cat1ons, I was obliged to visit that place sev?ral times at mclement seasons of the year during the erection, which wore. upon my system so much that I never have fully recovered myself m strength and ambition. 1 . While there upon one of my visits, I craved a blessing and received the following from Patriarch John Smith: Brother Truman, in the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, and by the authority of the Holy Priesthood, I place my hands upo~ thy head agreeably to thy request and seal upon thee a blessmg for t~y comfort ~nd consolation. Thou art of Joseph out of the loms of Ephraim, and entitled to all the blessings promi~ed to his post~rity by his father, Jacob, because of thine mtegnty: T~y guardian Angel hath watched over thee and born thee up m times of danger, and preserved thy life from enemies both seen and unseen, and will continue to do so all thy days. Thou shalt lack no good thing. Thy way shall be clear before ~hee to the accomplishment of all thy labours, for thy desire 1s for Israel. lf I ! f f l i f I ! I I ' I I, I I 202 OUR PIONEER HERITAGE Thy mind shall be bright; thy perceptive faculties clear to carry out thy labors for the dead and the living of thy kindred. All thy former gifts and blessings I renew upon thee, with all thou canst desire or imagine in righteousness. Fear not, for the Lord thy God loves thee, and will lift thee up to see thy Savior; and stand with the Hundred and Forty-four thousand; thy wives and chi.ldren with thee. Thy joy shall be full; thy h!lbitation peace; thy gr:rn:uies filled to overflowing; and power in the Priesthood to thy hearts content, for thou shalt surely overcome all thine enemies, and they slull come bending before thee for favors. For thou sh;1lt be a mighty man in Israel and sec thy children walk in thy footsteps serving the Lord with all their hearts. TIH.'se blessings with Eternal Life I seal upon thee in faithf ulm·.~s, in the name of Jesus Christ, A1ncn. The 1\hnti ,md I.og:,rn Tl·mplcs l w:ts c:1llcd to take in charg,:, but in consequence of their being- about 100 miles either way, they were taken off my hands; for they needed the care of the Architects and builders on the grounds, and were accordingly placed in charge of my two assistants, T. 0. Angell, Jr. taking the Logan Temple and \Villiam H. Folsom the one at Manti. The labor on the Salt Lake Temple needed me here to conduct it properly. Before closing this writing I desire to mention an important incident in connection with the Kirtland Temple. After the building was dedicated, a few of us, some six or eight, having Patriarch Joseph Smith, Sr. in company, went morning and evening to pray, entering at the \'Vest end of the Temple and going clear through to the East stand. This we enjoyed very much. The stand being enclosed by curtains or veils made it quite by itself and a good place to pray with none to molest. One evening, having been in the country, I was too btc to enter with the Brethren. The company would not emerge till quite dark. I had tried the door and knew they were at prayer. I felt out of place and went to my house, but soon came out and met Brother Brigham Young, inquiring for Oliver Cowdery. I said I had not seen him. \Ve walked out towards the Temple, approaching the building on the side which was used for the Prophet Joseph and his counselors, a portion of the attic on the East being especially appropriated to their use. In the said attic, and right over the stand where the Brethren were praying in the I-Iall below were two windows in the gable end to help give light to his compartment or room, the windows being 12 or 14 feet apart, and unusually high from the floor; being nc:uly 4 feet to the bottom of the lower sash. \'lhen about ten rods distant we looked up and saw two Personages; before each window, leaving and approaching each other like guards would do. This continued until quite dark. As they were walking back and forth, one turned his face to me for an instant; STORIES OF YESTERYEAR 203 but while they walked to and fro, only a side view was visible. I have no doubt that the house was guarded, as I have had no other way to account for it. I ~sert this n~te thinking it may do someone good as it has me. With great fatigue, I have arrived at the present date, March 20, 18 84. - Trum,n. Osborn Angell, Sr. T. J. Angell: Scribe P.S. The _Panoram1c statements as above given are not intended for Church lust~ry, for that is designed for the Church historian; and hcnc~ my brief account may be accounted for as herein set forth. But I might not be noted in that history, for their account is for Church purposes and not for me. But I was eye witness to much as I passed on to date, 18 84, and took my share, I think. Herc let me conclude my ramble. I feel very feeble in health and about worn out, so farewell to all my true friends. May the Lord bless you in doing right. - T. 0, Angell. . Up?n refl~~tion, I observe an item in conm.>ction with the se:11!'~gs of Susan I:l1za and M:iry Ann to me chat shoul<l have been noted. 1 hcse ccn.:momes Wl.!rc private but not over the altar :rnd ,vert• bv Pn·sidcnt Brigham Young's own mouth. - T. O. A~gcll, Sr. · MISSION - 1856 On or about the first of April 18 56, I was ,sked by President Brigham Young at his table in the presence of Jedediah M. Grant and many of the President's family if it would be agreeable to my feelings to visit Europe, and in answer to his question I told him that the labors of my office were vcrv fatiguing and crowded upon ro'e farther than I could attend to them, and that I did desire temporary relief. Accordingly the subject was laid before the general conference which assembled on the sixth of the same month and I was appointed by th; unanimous vote of the conference to vis.it Europe. April 3rd I met with the President Truman 0. An.c;ell and his counsel and received the following blessing, under the hands of President Brigham young and others, President Young being mouth: Brother Truman 0, Angell: In the n,me of Jesus Christ, we lay our hands upon your head and dedicate you unto God 1 1 r Snm11 · sOF YESTERYEAR ;wdcon s c c r ; , t cyou and s e t you ap a r t un to you r1 r n s s 1 o n , ev en togo toEu rop e , andsu chcoun t r i e sandp l a c e sa sth ew ay m ay op enfo ryoutot r av e l ,anda sf a ra syoum ay h av eoppo r tun i t i e s , op en you r mou th andb e a rw i tn e s s toth eth ing so f God un to a l lp eop l e and th eLo rd w i l lb l e s s you andpou r ou tH i s Ho ly Sp i r i t uponyouandyoush a l lr e jo i c einyou rm i s s ion . You sh a l l h av e pow e r andm e an s togo f romp l a c e top l a c e ,f romcoun t ry tocoun t ryandv i ew th ev a r iou s sp e c im en so fa r ch i t e c tu r e th a t you m ay d e s i r e tos e c , and you w i l l wond e ra t th ewo rk so f t lH . ·;1n c i c n t s;mdnu rv c l tos e cwh : t t th eyh av e don e ; and you w i l lb e qu i ck tocomp r eh end th e;1 r ch i t c c tu rdt . l c s i g n so fm en i nv a r iou sa g e s ,an t lyouw i l lr e jo i c ea l lth et im e ,;mdu k cd rn f t s o fv a l u : i . b l ewo rk o fa r ch i t e c tu r eandb eb e t t e rqu a l i f i ed tocon t inu eyou r wo rk and you w i l l in c r c ; t s ci nknow l edg e upon th e t emp l eando th e rbu i ld ing sandm any w i l l wond e ra tth eknow l edg e you p o s s e s s . And : t s fo r: t s you h : 1 v c oppo r tun i ty , op en y t .m r mou th amongth eS a in t s: indb e : t rt e s t imonyo f th eth ing s o f God ,: tnda l so wh i l e inth ecoun s e lo f you rb 1 · e t h r e nb t · no t a f r a idtoopen you r mou th andt e s t i fyo f wh a t you know and a s s i s t th eminbu i ld ing up th eK ingdom o f God ; and w eb l e s s you togoandr e tu rninp e a c eands a f e ty ,andw es e a luponyou a l l th eb l e s s ing s con f e r r ed upon you h e r eb e fo r e and w e s e a l a l lth e s eb l e s s ing suponyouinth en am eo fJ e su sCh r i s t . Am en . Ir em : t in edabou t hom e inl f l eC i ty end e avo r ing tom ak e my f am i ly: i scom fo r t ab l ea s Icou ld ,a r r ang ing th ev a r iou sp l an s and d e s ign s Ih ad m ad eo f th eT emp l e , ando th e r bu i ld ing s , and g iv ing in s t ru c t ion s con c e rn ing th em to th ev a r iou s fo r em en , th a t th ey m igh tb ep r ep a r edtoc a r ryou tth es am e ,andg a th e r ingtog e th e rsu ch p rov i s ion and r a im en ta s Icou ld , wh i ch s e em ed n e c e s s a ry fo r my jou rn ey .Ith enc a l l edmy f am i lytog e th e randb l e s s ed th em ,andl e f t my p e a c ew i th th em .Ev e ry th ing s e em edo rd e r ly , andonth e21 s to f Ap r i l Is t a r t edfo rth emou th o f Em ig r a t ion K anyon ,p l a c ing my t r ap si nJ am e sB e ck ' s \V aggon ,who c a l l eda tmy hou s e fo rm e , b id my f am i lyf a r ew e l landt r av e l ed4o r 5m i l e s toth ep l a c eo fr end e z r th eB r e th r en go ing on th e i rm i s s ion s fo r th eS t a t e s and vou s fo Eu rop e . Is l ep tw i th B ro th e rB e ck inh i sw aggon , andaco ldt im ew e h ado fi t .My h e a l thh adb e enpoo rfo rsom et im ep r ev iou s ,ow ing to con f in em en tinmy o f f i c ewh i ch h adb rough ton an e rvou sw e akn e s s wh i chIfoundh a rdtosh ak eo f f . 22nd .A ro s ee a r ly ,go tb r e ak f a s t , andth envo t ed fo rth ec amp tocom etog e th e rtoo rg an i z e ,fo ron lyapo r t iono fth eB r e th r en c am e on th ep r e c e ed ing d ay , abou t 12 .W e mo s t o fu s go t tog e th e rand P r e s id en tB . Young , who w a s on th eg round ,o rg an i z ed u s , appo in tw ingA .0 .Smoo t ,C ap t a in ;E .T .B en son , Ch ap l a in ;W i l l i am M i l l e r , C ap t : t in o f th egu a rd and J am e sU r e , C l e rk ,a f t e r wh i ch B ro th e r Young g av eu s af ow wo rd so f coun s e l , exho r t ing u s tol iv eou r r e l ig ionandb l e s s edu s .Ou rm emb e r sw e r e 44o r45 , in c lud ingJudg e 205 B I . J .'y , ou t 14 w aggon s ,p ;u ;k h o . r s c s; tndmu l e s . Ew ; : r , · B e ck andmy s e l fp l a c ed ou rt r ap sinC ap t a in Smoo t ' s: i . n d . eg esw aggon , soth e r ew e r e 4o fu s toth i son ew aggon and a s K inn ey andF ·1n1 ' l anJ ;tb i ew a s sm a l l ,on ly2cou lds l e epini t ,s oIandB ro th e rB e ck h ad ~o l ayonth eg round. • . • .d M ay 3 rd .I tsoonb e c am ec loudy . Im ad e my b ed on th es and am 1 s ag eb ru sh ;soona f t e rIh ad l a iddown ,i tcomm en c ed tor ; i in Icovc r e ?upmy h e ad andw en t tos l e ep ,o rt r i edto .I tsoontu rn c t i tosn~wmg and f e l lf a s t ; th esun i nth em idd l e o f th ed ay h ad s o w a rm ed t h e e a r t ht l u t l t ed,· andth ew e t soonfo · w · b · Ithesnowme un c .Ii t s .1ytome ; u ti t wou dno td otog e tup s oIh i J·m dtook· t ·I t i l ld ay l igh t .... '· · · t q u i e ty 4 th .\V ec : tmp cdth eb e s tw ay w e cou ld ;b y ch i st im eth esnow h ad f e l lsom e6o r8in ch e sd e ep ,a n< ls t i l lf a l l inga sthoughi twou ld 11 t~ e rc e a s e .\V ego tou ra x e sgo ing : tnds oonh a c . l fu e lbu tt h enex t tim~ tos t a r ta f i r e , wh i ch w em :m ag cd a f t e r a wh i l e · lm t· i t ad oub t fu l po in~ h ow soon we wou ld g e tw a rm ~nd om ~ im g s ry .A t th es am et tm e ,th e: tn im a l sh ad toh av e ou rb edd ing a s t~n e on toch em .W e tooka p a r to f ou rf lou rand m ad e som e po~nd f e: 1 r ; /g av e th emtod r ink , andinth i sw ay k ep t th~ma l iv e an c e e r e.up ou rown h e a r t s .N igh tc am eon , and s to rmd id n o~ c e a s e .W e f ix edth eb e s tw e cou ldfo rc ampf i r e s th ew i l low sm ak ' ab e t t e r sh i e ld t~ anno th ing .B ro th e rB e ck h ad a p i e c eo f an ~ ~ 7 a g g o~~ov e r ; th i sw ep u tup on th ew indw a rd _ s id eo f th ef i r eand r t : n ei t .\V eth encu tw i l low s andl a idth emdown on th esnow P~hng su chth ing son th ema sw e cou ldmu s t e r tom ak e up ab ed r 1 td ' andth enw e sp en ta mo s t g lo r iou sn igh t longtob er em cm c r e. . . . 5 th .If e l tw e ak b u th adnot im etono t i c ei t .A l l th eS a in t sa _ p e a r e d toc r fu l lydo th e i rdu t i e s · r edth Lrd,a p h d d 11hee · 'we remembe e o sw e a o n e_a ou rJOU r n e y ,mo rn ing andev en ing ,bya s s emb l ingtog e th e r and£Pr ay1~g .W e g a th e r ed up som ew i l low s fo rou rf i r e s and thu s 1 w e e tr e s ign edfo rth en igh t . 6 th .A ro s e th i smo rn ing f roman op en b ed room su ch a s hd no ; ' aggon stos l e epin ,andfoundon eo f th ean im a l ;( Judg eK i~ h ys )d e adandth eo th e ron en e a r lys o . . . ,Is toodgu a rdt i l l1 2and tentobokdan ap th eb e s tw ay Icou ldon th a to c c a s ion bu toh my w e a ry o y . , . . ' , b 8 th .Ih av eb e enrobb edo fahom e ,Ih av eb e ena f f l i c t edinbody u t .n ev e rd id If e e linat igh t e rp l a c e th anth i sjou rn eyh a sp l a c ed m e1 n. • • , 11 th .C ap t a in Smoo t go tm e ap l a c e ina t en tton igh t .Th i s m ad em e com fo r t ab l e Imu s ts ay andm ay th eLo rd b l e s sh im fo r h i sf a th e r lyc a r e . . . ,' ' f d 2 · t \ W e_ , inaf ewd ay s ,c am etoth eSou th Fo rk o fth eP l a t t e ~~ i t1 ow~ n gf romB ank toB ank ; bu tsom e6o r 8o fu s pu l l ed o ou rc lo th ing , fo rm ed th emina p a ck by p l a c ing th eminou r w;s rf'~1;11ncj J I I , ! t 206 OUR PIONEER. HERITAGE shirtS, pbcing our bundles on our backs, and started into the water :ihcad of our teams ...• Soon after leaving the Platte, we began to meet camps of Emi- grants bound for California; some taking large herds of young cattle; some cows; others mules and some of the finest Jack Asses that I ever s:iw in my life. W c passed many thousand head of stock.•.. We got to a place called Mormon Grove on Sunday 8th of June near noon. We found it almost deserted. I think there were 2 small poor families :md they were put in jeopardy all the time. They were Welsh Saints. \o/ c lc:irncd how the claim stood. In the first place the Government of the U. S. in declaring Kansas a Territory, permitted its settlers to make claim at random in any part of said Territory. This being the case as it was not surveyed, all can see the propriety of this right, for settlers to hold possession of their improvements, :md at the same time have guaranteed to them the purchase of soil when surveyed, ;1nd in the m;.1.rkct. Now we have before us the true position on which a few of the L1ttcr-d:1.y Saints settled the farm c:illed the farm :it Mormon Grovej a little to the one side of a fine grove of Timber of say 80 or 100 acres of rather scattered trees, I saw a field enclosed by a sod fence embankment 4 feet high and ditch 4 feet wide, nearly all round the field. I should think the field contained over 100 acres in it. This field had been mostly cultivated, there was a good double log house on it, in which the above families dwelt. . . . 9th of June. This morning Brother G. Beck and myself walked to Atchison. Here I bought a pa1r of pants, a vest, a shirt and put them on, for after crossing the plains one feels like shedding his coat. . . . We arrived at St. Louis on the 12th at 3 p.m.... Brother Orson Pratt let me have some money to pay my passage to England, and on the 17th I went to the Railroad office in St. Louis and p:.1id my fare to New York City.... 21st. I :irrived in New York City early this morning. I took my traps to Lovejoy's Hotel and placed them in a private room which I had taken, and then I went and sought for the nMormon Office." . , , It was soon rumored that I was in New York. N. H. Felt and others·wanted me to tarry with them •.. 23rd. I left today for Rhode Island on a steamboat bound for Stonington. 24th. Took my trunk to a Hotel nearby and then walked one-half mile up town, where I inquired after my relatives on my father's side. 25th. Rose early, took breakfast and W:.\S soon in Town; at 11 stepped into a Rail Carriage for Boston; got there before 1 p.m.; found out the Packet Office, paid my fare to Liverpool • . . . About 5 p.m. stepped in cars for Providence; got there in season to walk to the place whence I started from in the morning to cousin W. W. A's ..•. July 1st. I bid my relatives farewell. I found I could leave for Boston at 11 a.m. and as this hour arrived I stepped in a car and STORIES OF YESTERYEAR. 207 started for the Steam Ship, East Boston some 42 miles. When I got there I found I should have to seek for lodgings and board in another quarter. I left my trunk at the Ship's warehouse and went out into the more dense part of Boston which is approached from the Old Boston by steam ferries. I saw a policeman and inquired of him for a respectable boarding house. He kindly escorted me to one. The board and bed were good. The policeman was a blessing to me, or at least I felt so. I will here rem~rk that as I left St. Louis and approached the Eastern States, the wicked men in charoe of the stations and on the rail carriages were so ungentlemanly th~t they scarcelf gave me a civil answer while en route for New York, They seemed as though they would as soon rob a man as eat, and as a general thing I thought I could se~ that peac~ was taken from them. All the way through the Sta~es their who~e. aim was t.o get rich no matter how they did it. Th1.s was ~he spirit of the t1mes, thus you sec the necessity of me trymg to find a protector by calling on a policeman, July 2nd. Arose in good season, walked out and took a good lo()k ;\L Hoston .ind Cbrlcston Shipping. , , . l w,:nt down to the Stc:.tm Ship, got there between 8 and 9. . • . By 12 o'clock we went aboard slup; here I found 0. Prntt, E. T. Benson, P. H. Young and Brother Hatch and myself, m:1king 5 in number. \Ve were a happy company. I had not seen any of them since I left St. Louis. I could say it seemed like my Heavenly Father's .. Boys" . . . . . 13th. Abou~ 7 p.m. we made fast in the Mercy River opposite Liverpool and fired off 2 guns, the Custom House Officer came 0:1 board and se~rched our trunks and baggage. , .. About 11 o'clock f1ve of us got m :l cab and drove to 42 Islington. We knocked at the door and were soon welcomed by Brother Franklin D. Richards .... 14th. I arose and took some breakfast with Brother Rich;.1.rds and then went below into the office. Here came in Brother John Kay, the President of the Liverpool Conference .. , . 15th, 16th, 17th and 18th. I received a letter signed F. D. Richards, inviting me to visit Birmingham to attend a Conference of the Elders, Pastors and Presidents of England, Ircbnd, Scotland and Scandinavia, etc., which was to come off on Sunday the 20th. I showed the daguerreotypes I had with me and asked for counsel on them. ~ stated what I wanted to get done and was referred to Fred ~- Piercy, he being at the office 42 Islington. Brothers Pratt an~ Richards spoke to him on the subject, He agreed to assist me by seemg such engravers as he was acquainted with. He promised to send me a n?te, so I left it in his hands urging him to be expeditious, and he pronused he would. :9t~. Saturday Pastor C. R. Dana, John Kay and myself left for B1rmmg~am and. start~d t:i~ce 91 miles; arnved m Sames...• 20th. We adjourned at ments and came together at at 7:45 a.m. and arrived at 3 p.m., dispeace and was made welcome by the one to breathe a little and get refresh2 p.m. when 0. Pratt laid several sub- 208 OuR P10NEER HERITAGE jccts before the Elders pcrt:unmg to his mission, etc. Among the rest my case was laid before the Brethren. He said 1 was to have a roving Mission to visit my countries and places, and he further said that President Young wished someone to travel with me. He moved that John Kay be the Elder to attend me, which was carried. He then said he had orders to furnish me means, but he could not furnish means to my partner. Therefore he counselled the Pastors and Presidents to help my p:irtner. Brother James Marsden was chosen to take the charge of the Liverpool Conference in place of John Kay. The business now was done, or nc:1rly so; but as Brother Richards was pressed with business and soon to leave for Salt Lake, all the business of books and invoices of :ill properties were to be passed over into the h:inds of President 0. Pratt. Therefore Brother 0. Pratt and Richards and 2 or 3 others left for Liverpool. It was then moved and carried that we continue our meeting tomorrow and so give all a chance to speak and enjoy themselves. \Ve then :idjourned till next day 10 a.m. 23rd. Came together pursuant to adjournment. The Elders were c:illed to speak as they felt and a good feeling seemed to prevail and pervade the mind of all present. I spoke among the rest and started the interest I felt for the cause of Zion, how glad I was and how I rejoiced that I was numbered amongst the children of the most High. I further stated how my business had tended to wear me down in body and that by casting all off for a season, I was in shape to get recruited and return invigorated and refreshed. There was a don:ition taken up to get Broth1.:,s J. M. Grant, E. T. Benson and, I think, G. Young gold watches. I think some £54 or £55 were donated. They appointed a committee consisting of John Kay, William Miner and J. D. Rop to make the purchase. We then adjourned. 24th. After breakfast, stepped across the street and booked for Liverpool, 91 miles by way of Birken. 25th and 26th. \Valking around Liverpool and looking at their best buildings. 28th, 29th. At 6 p.m. I received a note from F. Piercy stating that he had sought after the engraver who he expected to engrave the Temple Plate for me and he could not be found. He further proposed to engrave the said Temple Plate for £40 and make a good job of it, 31st. I concluded to give Piercy the job and sent him a note to that effect. I kept my room and nursed myself, took some composition tea. I felt fatigued but my spirit rejoiced. August 4th. I called at 42 Islington; I found a note addressed to me from F. Piercy stating he wanted to see me at 28 Judd Place, New Road, London. I received the above about 12 and at quarter past 1 p.m. I had been to Rupert Street and got my carpet sack and change of clothing, and returned to Lime Street Station, booked for London and got on board the c:1rs .•.. 5th. Went to 28 Judd Place where I met F. Piercy at noon. We talked the matter over about many parts of the temple. I gave him all the instruction he asked for. STORIES OF YESTERYEAR 209 7th .. , , I walked out and viewed 2 churches and took a peep at a gas works where they make over 2 million feet per year. 11th. After breakfast, I walked to Gervin Street with Brother Kelsey. We went from there to Brother Grimsdale's, No. 8 New Inn Broadway and t?ok dinner, after which he invited us up in his chamber or turnmg shop. He showed us his lathes - he is a fancy ~urner. We left here and visited the London Monument. We ascended 1~ and looked at the Metropolis as far as our eyes would extend and time would. permit and purchased a pamphlet which I can read for further part1culars concerning this building .• , • 12th. Arose. about 7 a.m. and took breakfast and waited for Brother Kelsey till 11 (he last evening went to his fa 'l H · p 'd h B h m, y. e " res1 ent over t e ranc es of the Church this side of the Thames under Bro:her W. Budge.) He is my pilot. He took me to dine with Brother ~1tchell ~t No. 10 Millers Lane, Oswell. After uking dinner and chattmg awhile about the affairs of Zion, we ·left for the Th:imes. Herc we stepped aboard a small steamer and made for London Bridge and there changed steamers and started , for _ Woolw·1c l1, arnve · d at 4 : 3. 0. p.m. I:e scenery was pleasant. W c noticed some of the most stnkmg ~ml<lmgs as we passed: The Bishop of Canterbury's residence on ~ur nght, on our left Westminster Abbey and New Houses of Parliament, St. Paul's Cathedral, the Wellington Monument and many to~ers, a.mong the rest The Tower of London, the Steam Ship now bcmg bml.t at t~e Isle. of Dogs, Greenwich Colleges and Observatory, On our. nght fme bridges, shipping and other things too numerous to mention. h }3th. W~, saw to our rig~t something of a striking nature called t e Rotunda •. We .w.ent to 1t and viewed the remains of armories, old guns, forts m miniature and miniature cannon, etc. The most of these se~med to ?e mod~ls of an early date, and further here were ~an~ftffcrent kmds of implements that had been taken by conquest m d1 erent engagements. And inside of the Rotunda were many old guns t?at had ~een used of a very extensive length, etc. These I looked at till I was tired. \Ve were piloted by Brother Piercy. 16th. After breakfast, Brother Kelsey and myself visited the }eil Houses of Parliament. A Sister Brown got the tickets for us. I s 1a not make a~y lengthy notes of them, but I must say that it burdene? with ornaments till it became sickening. I had to t. ink the ob1.ect ~f decorating so much w:is to excel rather than to d,fsplay any.th1.ng like a reasonable taste. I purchased a book that gives a u 11 description of the affair.• , . 18th. Arose and after breakfast visited Brother Ferguson who took me to see Brother Alfred Wa.rd, 21 Vineyard Gardens B~wling G~ec~ Lane, Cleckenwcll .. He has invented a plan to d;scribe an elliptic arch. I must say 1t was the only article of the kind I have hdeard of or seen that I could make use of on paper drawing to an a vantage .•.• ! h~s / / 210 Oua P10NEER HERITAGE 20th .... \~'e went to London Bridge, 2 miles further. \'v'cnt ?n, hc:1rd :i steamer for suspension bridge, landed at the sight P.ier wh~ch stood out in the Thames; walked to the National Gallery ~lt_h which I was not impressed; after h:iving a good _look at the pa~tmgs and chc building we went to Astlcys Ampluthcater, saw Richard Ill performed. 21st. Arose and got something to cat and then went to visit the Tower of London . . . . 1 bought a pamphlet that gives a full description of it. 22nd. Arose, got breakfast and walked to London Bridge, about 2 miles and paid my fare to the Cryst:1l Pabce and b:1ck. I stayed there some 7 or 8 hours. The affair is grand, I will not attempt to pretend to describe it, but sum it up by saying. i~ is intended. to exhibit the genius of England as well as to exhtbtt many foreign articles froin ocher nations. And it is a grand affair. · 25th, 26th and 27th. Brother John Kay ~,ml myself visited many phccs during these past d;iys. \Ve went through St. Pa~tl's Cathedr~l from bottom to the top. I purchased a guide for the p,U'ttculars of s;iu.1 building, read that; the most I could say of it w:1s that it was. a National Show, and when the people want to make a show with their money, such buildings may be built, that can be easi~y matc~ed. \'Ye were at some of the best Theatres in London. There is but little difference as a general thing in the formation of the buildings. · · · 28th. This morning we visited the Crystal Palace but shall s:1y nothing more about it at present. If I can manage to spend some 2 weeks, I chink I could find things yet worthy of mention; whether I shall or not I cannot say... , 29th. Rose early, 5 a.m. Went to the station and booked for Liverpool. , . . d Sept. 20th. Went to 42 Islington in the forenoon and arrange . . some of the papers relative to the Temple. . • . 21st. Sunday. The day has now come for me to get ms1de of a refinery, through the courtesy of Brother Tilley, he having ~rr.ange~ through the foreman and engineer of the works. The b~u~dmg ts some 4 stories high besides the basement. All the beams, 101sts and floor were iron. There were steam pipes from the boilers through_ all the rooms to heat them for the purpose of hastening the drying, etc. The sugar is not made here from the raw m:i.terial but is refined and cleansed . . . , I came to 20 Rupert Street and wrote a note to Brother John Scott at Belfast, Ireland, asking him to inquire if there w:1s a sugar factory in that land or not where they use the beet root, etc. and if he could hear of one to send me word. 22nd, 23rd. . . . In the fore part of this day I prepared a few lines for the Belfast Morning News, as they hold open the columns of that paper for any questions- being asked. My inquiries were with ~he Editor of that paper to furnish me with the success that the Insh People h1d obtained in manufaccu:ing sugar from the. beet, etc. Where chose factories were, etc. I signed T .O.A. The Editor put in STORIES OF YESTERYEAR ' t r! 211 h~s paper my request and as he could not answer me he called on his patrons to furnish him if they could with an an;wer, and in a few days one ca~e out saying there was at Mount Mellick a factory. 24th. R~ce1":'cd a no.cc from Brother Scott, stating there had been. 3 factories m operation in that 1and and he was under the impression that .I would learn the things I wanted to know, so I arranged to s:1il on the evening of the 29th. . . 29th. Spene the fore part of the <lay in getting ready for my vmt to Irebnd, and at 5 p.m. went to the dock and stepped on board the steambo:1t for Belfast .... ~ctobcr I I_th. Brother Scott took me to the Dublin Museum of Iris? arts of mdust~y, e~c. _This may be said to be interesting, for by gomg through this buildmg as we did our eyes could have a glance at nearly all the :iccomplishmcnts of Ireland. I cannot chink of trying to give :in invoice of the affair. They have in this hot1se a lecture. room ~nd I understood at many sec times they h:1ve lectures on va~1ou~ s.ub1e:.ts deliv~red by the Ic.1:ne(!, and c_he whole is managed by a I resident. I he portion I shall notice m my Journal will be sugar from the. beet root, for here I saw it in all the stages, from the pulp to the refined sugar•••• 13th. \Vent with Brother Scott to Phoenix Park and Zoological ~ardens, the Lord Lieutenant's private residence. The Duke of Welling.ton's Monument. The Sarah Bridge (a span of say 100 feet) of wh1c~ there was only one arch (it was stone), All these scenes were pleas1ng for a stranger to gaze on, but not worthy of my making any remarks on. The architecture of these places was not very remark¥ able .... 14th. After breakfast I and Brother Scott walked to the museum and foun~ t~at Sir Robert Kane had been in, but had stepped out. We were 1nv1ted to step in and look at the museum and the servant would call us when he came in. In one-half hour they called us. I told. Brother Scott to be mouth. I told him the head of what I wanted to fmd out. as he was loose on the tongue, and he can talk to a strang:r, A~l being d~ne we ";,alked down and the servant took us into his _office. He said to us, What do you want to see me about?" On wh.1ch Brother Scott answered, "We have been told that you have written a brge work on Irish Improvements, among which you have trea:cd on, the beet root sugar, and further stated, ..As we found spec~e~s in that mu.scum of the sugar, we concluded to approach you. Sir Robert, _feeling flattered, told us all he could and referred us to Mount Mellick some 50 miles in the country. He gave us the name. of one of his acquaintances, once a clerk of the affair, now in Dub.Im. He also h~mded us a report he had made out for the English Parl1a~cnt by their request - a printed pamphlet. We thanked him and withdrew , . , Oct. 17th. Received a note from Fred K. Piercy, calling for £15 on the T~mple Engravings. It wos addressed to 42 Islington and had been rema1led to me to Belfast and from there to Dublin. J wrote i I ~ f ~: I lt t ~ t I I j f / ![ t if t ~ :~ I f i f tt I I 212 OuR P10NFER H1m.1TAGE ;\ not<.' to F. Piney how the nutter stood, telling him I would be in Liverpool in a few days. I sent a note 2 or 3 days ago stating that I lud got out of means and must have some £5 to clear me and bring me to Liverpool. This morning I received £5 from there. I stirred around and got it changed. I had a pull for it. I then paid my bills and fixed to leave. Today travelled 5 miles . . . . 20th. Liverpool. Commenced this morning a letter to Brother H. Young upon the subject of the beet root sugar factory. After dinner I w:1lkcd down to 42 Islington and prepared a note for Fred Pi<.'rcy. In it I <.·ncloscd .Lt 5 requiring him to send me a receipt by rl'turn of post, then r<.'turncd to Rupert Street ...• 28th. Getting Brother Marsden to copy my letter to Brother Brigham, he being expert with his pen. The letter rc;tds as follows: 20 Rupert Street Liverpool, Oct. 28, 1856 Pr<.·sidL'llt B. YoungDc.11" Pn.:sitlcnt: This rnornin~ I set down for the purpose of addressing you upon the subject of the Beet Root :rnd Sugar Factory. Although this subject docs not command the confidence of many in our Mountain home, yet, I am happy to say, I have great confidence in the ultimate success of our sugar factory. Notwithstanding that some difficulties may have to be overcome, I support a man should be called on to make a boot who had never learned the trade of bootmaking, what could be expected from his first attempt? If he possessed considerable ingenuity he might select and cut up a piece of good leather but certainly would not make a very fine boot; by perseverance, however, he might ultimately become a good workman in which case many persons would rejoice in his perseverance. This may suffice for a text. Since I came to England my mind continues to be ·drawn out for the prosperity of Zion in the \Vest. But to get a thorough knowledge of :1 thing so difficult as making sugar from the Beet Root, requires much time, patience and perseverance. ,The knowledge of this precept is confined to a few individuals and they are by no means anxious to communicate this information to others. To enter France in search of this information seemed to me a dark prospect, but having learned that the manufacture of sugar from the Beet Root had been tried in Ireland, I determined on visiting that phce. Accordingly, on the 29th September, I took Steamer for Belfast where I was met by Bro. John Scott, who showed me great kindness. After counselling with him in private, he being an Irishman, I appointed him my spokesman. After c::i.sting about some 2 weeks, we determined on visiting Mount 1'1ellick a country place some 45 miles from Dublin where there is a Sugar Factory. \Ve took up our quarters at the best Hotel in the town. \v'c then obtained an introduction to the master of the Factory. \Ve told him we were strangers from America and that we were referred to him by several influential persons in Dublin. He received us very kindly and seemed to think us men of some consequence. He STORIES OF YESTERYEAR. 213 f{~:fJl~s vs::ntcerc~ to renter us all the assistance in his power. He not be surpass:ds1:c~r:;n::un:~;atymade from dthef Beet, which could then sent for the e · sugar ma e rom the cane. He English Th. ngdmeer, a man from Belgium, who spoke bad • is man con ucted us through the F Th. the working season the ma h" actory. 1s not being them to allow us t~ have a cf was standing still and this ca.used appointed in finding th's b view of the whole affair. I was disThe cistern of the Fact~ry ~: a very aw~warhd, unwieldiy object. . mt ar to ours m t e Valley O · our Iuvmg a wrong view of d f . . wing to condense in the Beet 1·u· Tl . c acat1on, !we allowed the steam to ice. us was not t 1e pro I f· d 1 le . per way. m t 1e I f acation here was done , except that instead of the ~:n;ais ~mt~ siblilar to those we have coil of pipe placed in the bo·tt 1avmg ?u e bottoms they have a not being perforated prevents on; ,to ~dnut the ste~m, and this pipe the Occt juice. In consequcn t/c stcdam. from bemg condensed in we had sevcr·1l b•1·1·cl, of wee o conbc!1lsmg the steam in the juice . · •• acer to a, f · TJ . <.k·facatmg p:1ns that will hold 250 ~ II .Ol~t-i° it. i7y J~;1ve six 2 double bottom pans termed b ons c.1~ l but I tlllnk if those d?focating tubs now 'stand the ~-e:~1/e:ltersl,dwcre placed where these pipe from the boilers . wou be good, for the same is h arranghd nearly right to suit those pans I would say had I b mhchinery etc., I co~ld have suited myself ::ch eh!~;; ch:r of. we must make the best of 't n wit sue as we have got, but up the beet juice would hav: b:e:wbe;hat hsda·ll pump. that carried h 1 tc~ a tt been hke our large force pump. The filterin plan in the valley. In Mo!nst :efi· bk chrned out as calcula;ed in the Ys inch riveted well together andc a .t e~ us<}i"str~ng_ sheet iron about side. This prevents rust from . P 1?te w 1~e. ms1de, and red out4 place. \Vhen we want vats et~et::g 1:1to the·1t1ce syrup etc. in any may be made to do as the .b et iron w1 do. Those set kettles had been arranged with c:il ar\ Y. ca~eful treatment, if however they for the evaporating it woul~ pipb m t em to have admitted steam have saved fires and been less een mo}t economical as it would have Fire Pans similar to our toi5co:;h. At Mount Mellick they and steam can be turned . / eht es.. ey stand out on one side projection on one side like n~:; toil .at hpleasure. They have a pans are covered A fun 1 . f" d o a p1tc er. All the rest of the ne1s1xeonthetopof h" d • h h eac m a reverse f orm which takes off the steam th continues up through the roof Thoug t h. no~e of the funnel which purpose of watching the boilin. and ~osc t ~t is _spoken of is for the to keep down the boilin g h o admit a little butter or grease draw-off cork to em t g;h:tc. t t e bottom of each pan there is a to 25 "A boni" Aft.;, ih· .m." Tf.hle sydrufp of these pans is only boiled . h · 1s 1t 1s 1 cere or the last ,· Th en 1t . goes mto t e Vacuum Pa d · ime. of the pan through: :hee~ _cvapo~atcd to grained s1:gar. It is let out 4 ft. wide 6)"2 ft. long by P•P;hor conductor mto a vat about ours but the Air Pum eep. e Va~uum Pan was about like p was not, but was driven by :i belt as follows: iiry_ sI°~I ·id· SJ I ! I i te }i rabi ::t k ~h/ A t:t I •. 214 OuR PIONEER HERITAGE A small engine about 3 y2 or 4 horse power with a balance wheel about 7 ft. in diameter of good weight. Its pulley was fixed to this balance wheel about 7 ft. diameter or nearly as large as the fly wheel. From chis pulley a belt some 8 in. wide on to a pulley placed. on an iron shaft 4 ft. in diameter which was suspended over the Air Pump. A crank was placed on the above iron shaft which works a pitman running- to the :i.ir pump which stood vertically. The Air Pump m;1dc :i_bout 40 strokes per minute. \'vhcn l was called to arrange the machinery I had to be bound and tied by such as had been purchased and from that I had to make out my plan. I am certain that the pulley was hunted up and phccd on the shaft of the Air Pump which. was purchased for it. This pulley being too small was the foundation of the working of the· whole affair, I am certain ~hat w~e~ th~ va~uum pan is arranged properly nothing but skill m m:magmg 1t will be required in order to do a good work. I am certain that my pb.n of bringing forward cold water for the injection was. too li1:'ited; f~r I find it will require a fountain of w:ltcr to sup.,ly 1t. Ag:un that :ur pump may be removed out of the chest it is pbccd in. The :,bum.lance of cold water, that enters the injection cock would keep the pump quite cool enough. This is evident from two c~ses I have sec? in this country. If there was a fountain of water let m ~rom the tail race into the basement, that injection pipe could wash to 1t and wo~ld draw up its own water, for this air pump has power t? accomplish this. But this I le:1ve ynu to draw your own conclusions upon .. I find in 1ttempting to write upou a subject that has baffled the skill and drained the purses of so many persons, that it is hard to make myself clear on the subject but still I feel certain that with perhaps care and keeping our hearts up we can m:tke it go. I will not at this time offer any remarks upon the plan of charring and reburning anim:tl charcoal nor upcn the chemistrr 0~ sugar making in general for this has so many things connected with 1t that arc to be considered. I obtained, while in Ireland, a report made to the English Government by their special request of an analysis of the beetroot in various stages of its growth showing when it possesses the greatest amount of saccharin matter. This being published in _Pamphl~t form I trust it will be of much use to our young and growmg territory. I shall try and obtain a second copy and forward it to you _by mail that it may be at your disposal. I will also bring a copy with me in case the mail should fail to bring it safe, knowing that docuw mcnts sent to the valley per mail have heretofore in some instances miscarried. This p:1mphlct will show to those interested, the chemical properties of the beet root. In concluding the foregoing remarks I would say may the Lord bless all our endeavors to build up the Kingdom in the name of Jesus Christ, Amen. I subscribe myself, Yours in the Gospel Truman 0. Angell STORIES OF YESTERYEAR 215 29th. I got all my things in readiness and after dinner Brother J. Kay and I stepped down to Lynne St. Station in time to get on the cars for Manchester, 31st. Brother W. Chaft was sent to me by Brother William Oliver to conduct me to go through the new building of the Mechanics Institute. We got there about 10 and left about 5 p.m. It was a well .irr:tnged affair and must be acknowledged as a useful arr:tngement and a blessing in point of showing to strangers the mechanisms of the country. For a man to enter into the affair and make himself familiar would be the work of years, and therefore I shall not try to say much about it •••. November 3rd••.• We entered what is called a Free Library, a fine building of two stories, both of which are used for book.s and tables. The books were next the walls and the tables through the center of the rooms and se:tts to them so as to allow such as perused the ~oo~ to have a convenient scat. The building or rooms were nearly s1m1br to one of our chambers in the Pbn of the State House Ut:1h Territory. \o/c W:1lkcd through the town :tml looked throu~h the buildings till about 2 p.m. , •• 4th, After bre:tkfast walked to 41 N. C. Street and Brother Oliver got a Brother Botton to pilot me to some places in the town. We went and viewed the Old Church. After looking at the outside and the hobgoblins, etc., we then went inside and took a look. It was a dark gloomy scene, but there has been an immense deal of labor bestowed on it. , , , 10th. Brother John Kay and I walked out to see the Crystal Palace now being built which is about 1 mile from where we board; we could not go within the yard. \Ve were about 20 rods from it at the nearest; it looked very well in the distance. They were pulling down par~ of t~e works which were over-burdened with weight. After lookmg at 1t we returned. I wrote a note to 3 5 Gervin Street to William Budge, telling him we would be in London in a few days. 13th. . . . Brother Budge is President over the London Mission and G. D. Rap, Pastor. They were both there when I arrived and they arranged for me to make my home at George Smith's .. , , 15th. Arose this morning feeling ill, having taken several colds, one .on the other; but I ventured out and I saw Fred Piercy. I got to his house. about 11 a.m. He had the Plate of the Temple completed. I acc:pted 1t and went over and saw the printer and got his price to prmt per 100. Then went to 3 5 Gervin Street and wrote a note to Liverpool, stating I had accepted the Plate of the Temple and asked them to send me £2 6..•. 18th. Brother John Kay and I started and went to Gervin Street. ~--Jere were 2 letters for me, the principal one from Brother Pratt with a draft on Brother Budge for £26. He paid me the money and I went and paid Fred Piercy. Brothers Rap and Budge took Brother John and me to the American Ambassador. He got our p:tssports / 0Ull PIONFFR l·luuTAGE and Brother Kay and I started to the French Consul and had them accepted ... • · d 19th ...• Went to London Bridge and booked for Paris an at 1o left London and arriving at New haven stepped on board the . steamer for Dieppe and arrived at 6 p.m. • . . 20th . . . . We find ourselves in a land where our_ native tongues arc not worth much to help us in, only through an interpreter. 21st. Walked through the streets and viewed the City. The streets were mostly narrow but quite clean, the most POJ?ular strce~s c_ont:iining fonciful buildings. We visited the_ much-viewed Institution. It was a beautiful and well arranged affair. Here w~s to be. seen .a displ:ty of every kind of article seemingly that is made m the Kmgdom of any note. \Ve took a look at the exchange and Royal Palace. It was full of stores of the richest kind .... 23rd. Attended meeting with the French Saints. Spoke to them and had my discourse interpreted, . , , , 24th. Arose early and visited many important places m the tov.-n, or City of Paris; such as, monuments, the tomb of Bonaparte and the residence of the present Emperor Napol~on. . ? 5th After breakfast went to the Railway station about 3 miles~ Go~ there a little before 12, took tickets an~ started for Havre and got there about 6:45 p.m., distance 171 miles. We were cold STORIES OF YESTEltYF.AR 217 and hungry, took a cab and drove to 27 Rue Caroline, a dist:mce of 1 Y2 miles; took supper and then walked 1/2 mile to an English Hotel for lodgings. Had a good bed but rested poorly owing to the exposure and getting chilled. In this country they do not have many fires for the comfort of strangers, or at least, not in such houses as we have visited. The Saints in Zion should be thankful to the Lord, for the poor in Salt Lake arc a thousand times more comfortable than they are in this town. My heart sickens at the horrors seen in this hemisphere. 26th. After breakfast took a look at the town. Our lodgings were near the docks and a part of the Harbour and shipping by exposed to our view. We were out .about 2 hours and then went to dinner at the house of an Englishman named May (who) had g·iven us an invitation. He had been in the Church. He believes the gospel. He had been cut off for adultery; he seems to be naturally a good man. After dinner he walked out with us and -showed us some of the old fort. \Ve then attended the meeting of the Saints. Herc I spoke a few words to them and had it interpreted. At 91/2 took supper and returned to our Hotel. This place is said to contain 90,000 people. 27th. Arose and went to 27 Rue Caroline, took breakfast and then walked about the town, dined at a sister's house and continued my rambles till dusk when I went to the Theatre. A Play in the French style. It was a beautiful theatre consisting of 4 galleries. Went to supper at 101/2 p.m. and then returned to my lodgings and to bed by Y2 past 11, but did not sleep. 28th. Arose early and took the steamer for Caen, 36 miles, and then took the train for St. Low and arrived there about IO p.m., distance 4 5 miles or 15 leagues. Here we stopped for the night. 29th. Arose and took 1/2 an hour walk in the fair or Market. Saw the various manufactured articles m:1dc in the different p:1rts of the country and saw the women here come forward :1nd attend on the men. There were about as many of one as the other, and they certainly were a rude looking set, The women seem to have to labour as hard as the men, and that too in the field. The common houses are poor and they are begging from the strangers, etc. At 2 p.m. we took train for Granville, a distance of 15 leagues or 45 miles. Arrived :1t about 11 p.m. and put up at a hotel for the night. J 0th. Arose early this morning and took a bite of breakfast and at 8 a.m. went on board the steamer Com111et for Jersey, a distance of 56 miles .... Dec. 1st, 1856. Arose this morning, suffering from a heavy cold, but kept about during the day. In the afternoon took a cab to the Oxgud Castle, a place commenced in the year 1120 (so they say) but it is a miserably poor place•••• 4th. Arose, took breakfast, related to them some of the incidents of our journey and comforted the Saints. Administered to a mother and daughter who were afflicted. Soon had our carpet bags in hand, • .' 218 OuR PIONEER HERITAGE walked 11;2 miles to the station, and :it Y2 past 11 started for Water- loo Bridge, London, distance 80 miles. We passed Queen Victoria about 12 :t.m. Arrived at Waterloo at ~'2 past 2 p.m. Took .a cab to Gerven Street. , , • In the evening went to the Eagle Theatre, is 1 or 1 V2 miles from Gervin Street (hearing that Brother Dcmlin took quite a shine to it, I observed it much). The building as it appeared to me, to judge without measuring, I should suppose the house an oblong is square 110 or 120 feet long, 45 focc wide, Outside the Pit scats gradually raised one above another and cushioned and partition between each scat, IS inches was allowed to each. There was one g:1llcry only. The st:1gc front was convex, the Orchcstr;1 s:1.t around it, their hc:1.ds not coming ;1s high as the st;1gc. The building w;1s lighted by gas. I do not feel to follo,v the house :1.ny further in my journ:11. After seeing some good pbys, I and Brother K. returned to our lodgings. 5th. /\rose, took bre;1kfost, walked to Gervin Street, wrote :1. few lines to my family. Feeling so much fotigucd by the constant cxpo.~urc on me in tr:welling, I made :1 kind of whok•s:1lc letter to all. rf l k,d omitted to write today it would have nude my letter ,1 month beer in getting to the v:1.lk·y. \Vent to Limehouse, 4 miles, expect to stop here of a night while I remain in London. 6th. Arose early feeling refreshed, ate bre:1kfast, walked to Stephncy Station about one-half mile from here. We hooked for Blackwall, some 21/2 miles and there took steamer for Greenwich College. . . . \Ve first entered a hospital that contained many relics, models of ships, pictures, etc . . . . Tne most of the paintings here seem to portray great events, great men, Naval Employ, Great heroes in the English Government, etc. After passing through the Hospital we walked on the flagstones, say 150 feet and entered the Ch:1.pel. . • . It h:1.d h:1d a gre:1t deal of labor bestowed on it and I should say it ~as burdened, and in fact this is one of the faults of the English Architecture . . . . Back of this we came to the Greenwich Observatory, which stood on an elevation in the Park full of trees. , .• I will not attempt to describe it hut sum it up by saying that they have all the improvements that the world can boast of in astronomical Instruments, etc .... 8th. Arose early went to Gervin Street and as soon as Brother K. w:ts ready, we started for Fred K. Piercy's to learn how the en-graving of B. Young's house got alo.ng, etc., but to our surprise we were cooly received, or we judged so, for as we knocked on the door a child c::1me and said Mr. Piercy was not at home. We asked for the woman. She came to the door and we entered, but oh, the cold feelings. But :1ftcr informing her of our business, we left, desiring that he should send me a line to Gervin Street.... I 0th. . . . Booked for London and walked to the Spread Eagle where the omnibuses start from .... I 1th . . . . I bathed today, it being Saturday. I think I shall be improved.,,, STORIES OF YESTERYEAR 219 .15th. Arose and took breakfast and soon received a note fro ~t~;;:c:t~ndAf proof of. the Plate designed for President B. Youn; wishin, hi~ tcr persumg th_e affair, I wrote a note to F. Piere; sent hfm an tirJ:;do:e;il~~:esB o~ the£ Pla1e on ledtter p~pcr .. I also £15 r d I. . u gc or IO an as his bill was equcste um to wait for the balance till he should hear f rom' me.,., 30th., .• Took ste:.1mer for the Isle of Man .... to 1ofk:~a6st~:*owl8n57w.hWle1:t IwOith_lBrother Marsden and ·2 others , 1c11s mtes 8th. Wrote a note to A. \Vard st;~i~~ I would be in London on the 20th April. ... 22nd. I and ~rother K. started for Swansea, Wales Arrived at 5 .Dnmcls, the President, received us kindly. Distance today t)~·n!1::.h.c~ 26th, Visited a copper and lc.td factory Itercaftcr.. , . , I will speak more of it 27th . . . . Found 3 lc..·tten; fro 111 f 'I President B Yo 11· ' my :rnu Y · ung ca mg on me to return 30th. llrother J Kay M·u 1 I shaw's Iron Works· the but I sh er, A hb · · · d s Y an ;\fl<. I an extract from myself visited Cran- Id h. k' h y emp oy 7,000 hands; he begins as a poor boy ou t m t e present propert h ·11· ' y wort one m1 ton pounds. . . . 31st. I and Broth. 7 and came to Abe/:n~· left Merthyr by mail coach at half past 1;'Y· .. , arrived at Rupert Stree~ at Took. ~ars for Liverpool and as we passed through Henef r~·m,d.,. IWe v1s1te~ ~cneford Cathedral 0 of architecture. to ay. t was built m a masterly style o:o~:~: J f . 10th 11 h G a ot o. pamts and some brushes• . . , shooter a~d b:lt, athmgs .t? takle homle with me, a 6 12th 13th D · h mmumtwn. am a most ready .. ,. • • urmg t ese 2 day I 11 h· and at 12 o'clock went on board th sSt gotp a km>-: t mgs in order P H Young J A L' 1 d e eam ac ·et m company with b~und for Bos~on. • itt e an Willi;1m Young and all our traps February 6th. Bought a~d ioo W~ March 1st. ·are in the mouth £ B and blows and is cold indeed d I od oston Harbour. It snows winter an c ou y and may be termed mid8 th. I attended meeting at a hall W h. In the forenoon I spoke to th S . ;_n h as mgton St., Boston. I walked down and over t e amts. t t e close of the meeting visited Mr. Young. He mar:· ~ast Bos~~n Et!~ ~7 ~umner Street :1.nd 11 tI I · · d B ic my Wt e 1za s sister him I w:·ntcdv1;~tedis ~~;k~rn and saw Brother John T;yio~. I told at 50 dollars and at :u:trtcr som\ Tempi: Plates. He purchased 100 A. s~it~\ ~;;tn!/~~ ~aint,i~:J1ed ~:'nro:h~~t;~ ~~rc!m\:~~e~r~~ April 12th, Sunday. Got the privilege 0 f . . h · company w,'th E. M gomgGm t e St. Louis Sugar Fact ory, so I m oorc, eorge A. Smith ' OuR P10NEER HERITAGE 220 :md two others, at 10:30 a.m., started for the Factory. I shall merely say it seemed to me to be awkward and confused in its arrange- d 13th 14th 15th 16th. Still staying in St. Louis and o not know ho; I sh;ll get from here yet. I have expended much by littles and it seems hard to me to go home and not take some goods, so I ments .• , . propose to by out $60.00 :tnd think I sha11 not be denied a chance for getting home· this is my faith. I shall have $90.00 1 whcrc:is I need $zoo or more'. If I am prospered to take home safe such articl~s as I luvc bought, I shall get them at half price. May the Lord be with me is my sincere wish in all that I do. Amen, 30th. Got breakfast and took the Bus for Independence and soon was there ...• May I st. At about 11 a.m. the mail was loaded into the waggons and we started for Salt Lake. It consisted of 4 Waggons, 4 mules to each, and some loose animals .•• , May 4th - Got an early start, all went well, got to Richmond, Kansas at 2 p.tn., a distance of 140 miles. . 5th - Arrived at the Big Blue, Kansas, sun about 2 hours high, ferried 2 waggons and forded 2 others. Now sun down and we have not yet had one meal but we shall soon get grub. . 7th - Arose early and got breakfast and then got. to the .little Blue bated the mules and took a bite ourselves. The distance 1s 16 mile;, we kept ~n till 11 y2 P·~·. Travelled in all,. 40 miles. I stood guard the rem,under of the mguL. In the mornmg 2 mu~es were missing leaving us on the Camp Ground. Search was made m every directio'n. p, S. JudsOn Stoddard related of being caught in a desperate snow storm above Kearny. He lost 6 mules by the cold and had hard work to save the remainder. This took place on the 30th of April 1857, 8th - Quite late in the morning and the mules not found. Continued to search for them. Doctor Woodward found the track and followed them but they being determined not to he taken and in the affray he lost his own mule. So we are three mules out of pocket and the best animals we had. We stayed on the camp ground all day, 9th - Woodard has not returned to camp. We sent 2 men after him on 2 mules at the same time started for the West. While our mules bait and ;.e rake a bite after traveling, say 16 miles, they all 3 returned. He was worn out. They found him in the road, he had fainted some 3 miles from camp. He reported that he followed the mules 40 miles or more, camped at 12 o'clock at night. 10th - Started early and came to Fort Kearney about 10 a.m. 14th - Reached the south fork of the Platte. It took us JO hours to cross over we then got breakfast and soon harnessed up and started for Ash H~llow and arrived half way down that ravine, we stopped for dinner or supper. We arrived at 6 p.m. Saw !ndians :o.day for the first time since we left Missouri. 2 mountameers vmted our c:tmp, James Roberson and Jackson \\?'right, the latter says he STORIES OF YESTERYEAR 221 s:iw a large gold chain on the neck of a Cheyenne Indian who said he had taken it from the Whites. It was the chain taken from Colonel B~bbitt. He offered to pu~chase it but could not at any price. We hitched up at dark and continued our march till I I. 16th - Our mules are quite tired, we only made some 2 5 miles today: In the evening the Captain thought it best to tarry during the m~ht. We went to bed .i.bout I I p.m. The mail from the V:illcy drove into our camp. I heard much good tidings from home from Dr. Clinton. 17th, This morning the Doctor gave me ;1 note from my family, alJ seem well. 19th - Harnessed up and came to the Station on Horse Shoe creek. Herc_ we were relieved by fresh mules and at 3 p.m. we :ill started, addmg to our crowd 3 persons, Porter Rockwell, being one. came on at :1 rapid rate and stopped at dusk. I should have mentioned that the missionaries with I-land Carts were at the station. I Jct Br.other \\7ordsworth have my rifle, he said they had but one gun in their camp. . 21st - Harnessed up before daybreak ·and at 6 a.m. came 19 nules. Herc we got grub, started again and came over the Platte B_ridg~, some 5 miles below the Old Pioneer Ford ( upper ford). We find 1t very sandy. I walked several miles to spare the trains. 23rd - Breakfasted and started and came to 3 crossings of S~eetwa:er, crossed once and turned out to bait. I was so used up with fatigue that I went to sleep and did not eat, at 9 started and came through the other 2 crossings. Came to the Sweetwater and crossed it, and turned out our animals. They were most famished, fr?m here to G.S.L. City, according to Clayton's Guide, is 271y; miles. We have come 5 5 Yi miles during the last 24 hours, 25th - At sunrise, camped on Little Sandy. Herc our distance 'Ye from the Valley, per C. Guide, 2 04 Yz miles. 27th - Rested well last night and found our animals at an early hour and crossed the Old Pioneer Ford and made our way to Fort Bridger. Arrived at 9 a.m., got our breakfast and a few fresh animal~. We find th~ .place much improved. It looks as though white folks lt':ed ~ere; this 1s more than I could say one year ago. They are walJmg m the Fort, the foundation ditch is 2 Yi feet wide and 2 deep. 29th - Came up Kanyon Creek to near the old beaver dam turned out, _got breakfast, but the fatigue was so hard on me I did not eat. I laid down on the carriage seat and tried to rest, but dreams would torm7n~ me, such as animals trying to run over me, etc, One mul_e was m1Ssing, the rest of the teams all harnessed at last. Started, havmg tound the _mule. Porter says he shall not turn out again till we get into the City and we arrived in Great Salt Lake City at Y; past 4 p.m. Found alJ my family welJ and in good spirits. The diS: tance from lndependance to this place is 1200 miles 1 and it will be seen from this journal that we came in about 27 d:iys. I have . I . ' 222 OUR PIONEER HERITAGE travelled some 16,579V2 miles since I left home on the 21st of April 1856, not much more than 13 months. (End of journal.) Following his return, the construction of the temple went ahead slowly. Twice the plan for the foundation was changed. It was not until 1870 that the walls bcg:m to rise above the ground. At the October conference in 1876, President Young urged the S:iints to ha~tcn the completion of the building. "Go to, now, with your might and means, and finish the temple in this city forthwith." Hundreds volunteered their services, and then, in the midst of chis activity President Young died in August 1877. Truman 0. Angell, the architect, now approaching his seventieth year, worked with President John Taylor as he had with President Young. The walls of the temple were pushed upward. By 1 S87 the stone work was completed, except for the towers; but fate did not permit the architect to live to see the finished building, Truman 0. Angell died on October 16, 1887, at the age of 77. For more than thirty-five ye:1rs he had toiled :ind bbored on the great structure. It was s.tid that he knew every stone in its w:1.lls. Of Trum.tn 0. Angell, \'(/endcll Ashton h:1.s written: "As long as the Salt L:1.ke Temple st:tnds, there will be a magnificent monument to the patience, skill and dedication of its architect." PRESIDENT WILFORD WOODRUFF Wilford Woodruff, fourth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, was born March 1, 1807, in Farmington, ( now Avon) Hartford County, Conn.· He, like his predecessors in the prophetic office of the Church, came of a sturdy, industrious race of men and women. His progenitors were among the early settlers of New England. They figured nobly in the American revolution, and naturally transmitted to posterity a love of liberty and traits which go to make patriots and martyrs. Wilford Woodruff possessed all these admirable qualities of character, which were crowned with a veneration for God, and a strong Wilford Woodruff religious clement in his being, which led him in early youth to the consideration of spiritual subjects, He wos also very industrious. His father, Apbek Woodruff, was STORIES OP YESTERYEAR 223 a. _miller, and Wilford assisted him in running the Farmington grist nulls, and, though tender in years, proved himself a man in thought and labor. From 1827 to 1832 he took charge of a flour mill for his aunt. Although religious, he did not join a.ny denomin:1tion until he was twenty-six years of age, because he found none which harmonized in doctrine and organization with the Church of Christ as described in the New Testament. \Vhcn only a boy he would ask his Sunday sch.ool teach~r why there were no apostles and prophets in this age, as. m olden _cu:1es. The answer he received only tended to disgust him with sectanamsm. It ~as the same old story, .. Apostles and Prophets are all done away with, because no longer needed," and yet with all the learning of modern ministers, they were unable to come to a. unity of the faith as t:.mght by the Savior and His Apostles. Under ~hese circumstan_ces Wilford Woodruff could only turn to the Lord m pray~r for gu1dan~e and find comfort in reading and believing the pro~hec_1es and doctrines of the Holy Bible. In 1832 he felt a strong: 111sp1ra.t1on to go to Rho<lc Isbnd. \X'hy, he did not know, and having al~eady arr:mgcd to remove with his brother, Azmon Woodruff, t~ Richland, Oswego County, New York, he did not heed the inspiration to visit Rhode Island, but moved to the State of New York. They purchased a farm and sawmill, settling down to the business o_f farming and milling. December 29, 1833, over a year from the time t~.ey left Connecticut, two "Mormon'" Elders, Zera Pulsipher and Ehph Ch~~ey, came to that section of country preaching th:tt an angel h~d vmted the earth, restored the everlasting gospel, and that Joseph Smith was a Prophet of the Lord. Wilford and Azmon Woodruff, who went to hear them preach, immediately received a testimony of the genuineness of their message, and offered themselves for b:iptism. Wilford w~s baptized December 31, 1833, by Zera Pulsipher. . From the. time of his baptism Wilford Woodruff proved by a life of devotion to the cause of God that he was grateful for his existence in this age of the world. A branch of the Church was orga?ized in Richland January 2, 1834, and he was ordained a Teacher. Durmg this winter Elder Parley P. Pratt and others visited Richland. Elder Pratt became much impressed with Brother Woodruff and iti:m~diately told him t~at his duty was to repair to Kirtland: JOm Zion s Camp, and go with that body to Missouri. He took this counsel, closed his business in Richland, and left for Kirtland where he arrived April ~5, 183_4. ~e _was invited to be the guest' of the P_roph~t Jo.seph Sm~th, which _mvitation he accepted, and h:td a glorious time m his acquamtance with the Prophet and other leading men of the C~urc~. He started with Zion's Camp for Missouri May 1, 1 8 34, which JOUrney was accomplished with considerable hardship but throughout all the varied experiences incidental to the journey' Wilford \!oodruff was, like Caleb and Joshua, among the numbc; who sustamed the Prophet, and never complained nor murmured because of trial and privation. After accomplishing all that could '• ,. • ' ---- . I -·· - ~- ~-:~~-.~~;·,-_-. ( ~ --·· · -~,....;~;~: ,"' ,;.·. Sugar Factory Erected at Sugar House THE OESERET NEWS ANO HLEG~ A, I ! ----- ---- -- I (_, , ,• , I. , ! .( / ( I .,, :; ,. rtI ';i . If '1/ - ;I '. ·, I - 1 L,,f/,sf, ::: • / • • . / ,. - cQ. VoL. ~ pJq Taking their name from the number of Our Lord's disciples, the "Seventies" of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints form the central council of the missionary activity of the organization. As early as the Nauvoo period of Mormon history, the need, cognate to missionary endeavor, for a complete reference library was keenly felt. In Times and Seasons. January I, 1845, the follow· ing item was published: Among the improvements going forward in this city, none merit [sic] higher praise. than the Seventies' Library. The concern has been commenced on a footing an [sic] scale. broad enough to embrace the arts and sciences, every where: so that the Seventies', while traveling over the face of the globe, as the Lord's 'Regular Soldiers,' can gather all the curious things, both natural and artificial. with all the knowledge, inventions. and wonderful specimens of genius that have been gracing the world for almost six thousand years ... [forming) the foundation for the best library in the world!' Nauvoo was destroyed while the Mormons were marching to their new home in the far West. But the dreams of the people were never lost, and on July 15, 1851, we read in the Fifth General Epistle of the Church, describing Salt Lake City, the following: On November 27th, the quorum of Seventies in conference assembled, agreed to erect an extensive rotunda in Great Salt Lake City, to be called the "Seventies' Hall of Science," and Joseph Young, their President, was appointed trustee and superintendent of the work. The foundation of the hall is commenced on East Temple and Second South streets. [ Now Main and Second South streets.] . . . The design is highly commendable to the brethren and such a building is much needed in this place. 1 Truman 0. Angell, later designated as the architect of the Salt Lake Temple, was commissioned to draw the: plan.s for the building, as shown by the accompanying Jong forgotten drawing recently unearthed from the basement vaults of the Salt Lake Tabernacle. Had the project been carried through, the structure undoubtedly would have possessed unusual architectural interest. for it had a majesty and beauty all its own, surpassing anything on th, frontier in originality and dignity. Angell' s plans show his re •Vol. V, No. 24. p. 762. 'Millennial Star. vol. XII!. July 15,- 1851. 'p. 212. J. ' ,I ,, f-rl .t, '\·"'·. i. f '> •, /' 'I'/• t- '< -~, I •,)/'- . -'/.--'1/ ft,·, ~-vt"""-'1.... ' A! ' t:,''}/~..,vI.•/ ' I' ''/i-,' I C , •.. ····-----·------------''--' ., .._......... '. _ II/(: . c e r ta inin s tan c e sp la c ed ov e rth edoo r so fbu s in e s s hou s e s .Ap la c ea l l t ra~ c e s w i l l ag r e e , tha ti ti sn e ed ed .I twa sn ev e ru s ed g en e ra l lyov e ren o fChu r chbu i ld ing s . "Th eemb l emo fth eC l a sp ed H and sb e tok en sth ebondo fb ro th e rhood andth ef r e eo f f e r ingo fth er igh th ando ff e l low sh ip . "Th eu s eo fth esymbo lo f th eA l l s e e ing ey eandC l a sp ed H and s emb l~m so fth efa i thand .f ra t e rn i tywh i ch ex i s t edamongth ep eop l ea f . th et tm ewh en th eyw e r em u s e , hav elongs in c eb e com eob so l e t e . Th ey hav enoo th e rm ean ing thantha ts ta t edabov e. . . In s ign iaonth eT emp l e D r .J am e sE .T a lm ag es ay s ,"T h eh igh e s ts ton einth eT emp l e , and th e r e fo r e ,th ecap s ton ep rop e r , suppo r t sa s ta tu e , th ec rowno fwh i ch m a rk s th epo jn to fg r ea t e s ta l t i tud einth een t i r es t ru c tu r e . . "T h ef igu r e ,wh i ch s t and stw e lv eandah a l ff e e th igh ,i sth a to fam an m th echa ra c t e ro fa h e ra ld o rm e s s eng e r ,b low ing at rump e t . Inpo s e e tv i r i l eand s t rong ; and p ropo r t ion , th ef i gu r ei sg ra c e fu land g en t l e ,y th ed rap ing sa r es imp l e ,andl eav eon lyf e e t ,a rm s ,n e ck and h ead ba r e . eh ead i sas l end e rc i r c l e tsuppo r t ingh igh ;pow e rin cand e s c en t A round th l amp s .Th es t a tu ei so fh amm e r edcopp e rth i ck lyov e r l a idw i th go ld l e a f . I ti sth ewo rk o fC .E .D a l l in ,U t ah bo rn ,andnowo fmo r e th ann a t ion a l fam ea sas cu lp to r . Th ef i gu r ei sin t end edtor ep r e s en tMo ron i , th eN e ; ph i t ep roph e t ,who ,a sar e su r r e c t edb e ing ,d e l iv e r edtoJo s ephSm i thth e m e s s ag eo fth er e s to r edgo sp e l . "Th e r ea r einth eou t s id ew a l l so fth eS a l tL ak eC i tyT emp l es ev e r a l s e r i e so fs ton e so femb l ema t i ca ld e s ign and s ign i f i can c e ,su cha s tho s e eea r th , moon , sunand s t a r s ,and inadd i t ion a r ec loud r ep r e s en t ing th s c r ip t ion s ." s ton e s ,ands ton e sb ea r ingin O f th e s e ,P r e s id en tAn thony W . Iv in ssay sh eha sn ev e rh ea rdr e f e r ; en c e mad e toth ema so th e r thanr ep r e s en ta t ion so fc e r ta in g roup so f h eav en ly bod i e s who s e r e la t ion sh ip to a s t ronomy i sw e l l known , bu t wh i ch a r ew i thou ts ign i f i can c etochu r chm emb e r s . Th eE a g l eG a t e In"O n eW h oW a sV a l i an t , "w er e ad :"T h een t i r ee s t a t e(o fB r ig · ham Young } wa s su r round edbyacobb l e s ton ewa l ln in ef e e th igh ,w i th ga t e_ sp l a c . ed a t conv en i en tin t e rva l s . Fa th e r had ath r e e fo ldpu rpo s e in h a v~n gth i swa l l con s t ru c t ed . Inth ef i r s tp la c ei twa s bu i l ta sap ro t e c t ion es t r eam f romn ea r ;by C i ty C r e ek Canyon a tt im e s agam s tf lood s . Th sw ep tdownth es t r e e tandwa s capab l eo fdo ingsom er e a ldamag etoth e g a rd enando ff lood ingth eb a s em en t so fth ehou s e s .T h es e condr e a son wa s tha temp loym en tm igh tb efu rn i sh edfo rth eem ig ran t sun t i lp e rm a ~ rk ? 'a sfoundf? rth em ,andf ina l ly ,th ewa l l wa su s e fu la sap ro ; n en~wo t e c t tonagam s t th eInd ian swho w e r es t i l lt roub l e som edu r ing th ef i f t i e s ands ix t i e s . "E a chm emb e ro fth ef am i lyh adh i sownk eytoth eg a t e s ,fo rth ey w e r ek ep tlo ck eda f t e rac e r ta inhou rinth eev en ing . Ju s tinf ron to fth e ? f f i c ewa s agua r~ho~ s ewh e r e som eon ewa sa lway sondu tytok e epou t in t rud e r sand mam tam asha rplookou tfo rInd ian sa slonga stha tp ro ; c edu r ewa sn e c e s sa ry . . . Th e ma in en t ran c e toth ee s ta t ewa s th e·Eag l eGa t e , • sonam ed f romth el a rg ewood en e ag l ewh i ch s toodgu a rd on i t sp inn a c l e .T h e e ag l ew a sd e s ign edbyT rum anAng e l l andc a rv edbyR a lph R am s ay f rom f iv eb lo ck so fw o od on e fo rth ebody , ano th e r fo rth en e ck , twofo r th ew ing s , and th ef i f thfo rth eb e eh iv e upon wh i ch i tw a s moun t ed . Th ewho l ew a sh e ldf i rm lytog e th e rbyp i e c e so fi ron .A t th a tt im eth e r e w a s now ay tog e tth roughtoC i tyC r e ekC anyon ,ex c ep tth roughf a th e r ' s g round s , and soh i sp e rm i s s ion had tob e ob ta in edbyth es e t t l e r swh en th eyw i sh ed tod r iv e th roughth eE ag l eG a t e andonuptoth ec anyon fo rf i r ewood . "Th e r ew a s al eg endinth eo ldd ay sth a tev e ryt im eth ee ag l eh e a rd th enoonwh i s t l eb low ,h ewou ld l e av eh i sp e r ch ,f l ys t r a igh tdownS t a t e S t r e e ttoth eo ldwood en wa t e r ing t rough ,g e tad r inko fw a t e r o r som e , th ing ,andf l yba ckaga in . Isa tmany at im ew i th my f e e tinth ec a r r i a g e t appa r en t ly Iwa sa lway s hou s es t r eam ,wa i t ing fo rth eb i rd tof l y ,bu inn e ra tth ew rong t im e ,fo rIn ev e rhadth ep l ea su r eo fs e e ing ca l l edtod h imina c t ion . ' ' -J ean e t t eM . Mo r r e l l . TRUMAN 0 .ANGELL , SR . . . Thy ca l l ingi smo r e pa r t i cu la r ly tolabo rina s s i s t ing th eSa in t s to bu i ld c i t i e sand t emp l e sth ant r av e l l ingab ro ad top r e a ch th ego sp e l . " Ex c e rp tf romP a t r i a r ch a lb l e s s ing g iv en byJohnSm i th upon th eh e ad o fT rum an0 .Ang e l l ,M ay 13 ,1845 ,C i tyo fJo s eph(N auvoo ) . Th el i f eo fT rum an 0 .Ang e l l ,S r . ,a sana r ch i t e c tandbu i ld e ro f t emp l e s ,pub l i cbu i ld ing sandhom e s ,w a sl iv edinfu l f i l lm en to fth ep ro • ph e t i c wo rd s ju s tquo t ed . How ev e r ,h ewa s con s id e r edagoodp r ea ch e r , en tw en ty ; twoy ea r so fag e ,h eandh i s cou s in ,Jo s ephHo lb rook , andwh w en t onam i s s ion ,t rav e l l ingf romw e s t e rn N ew Yo rk a sf a rea s ta sP ro ; v id en c e ,Rhod eI s l and . H ew a s th eth i rdsono fJ am e sW i l l i am s andPho eb eMo r ton Ang e l l , who h adt ench i ld r en .H ew a s bo rnJun e5 , 1810inNo r th P rov id en c e , Rhod eI s land o f Pu r i tan s to ck ,h i sf i r s tp rog en i to r inAm e r i ca b e ing Thom a sAng e l l , who c am einth esh ip ,"L ion "a longw i thRog e rW i l l i am s . T rum an 0 .Ang e l lh adav e ryl im i t ededu c a t ion ,bu ta tth eag eo f s ev en t e enl ea rn edth eca rp en t e randjo in e r ' st r ad e .A t th eag eo ftw en ty ; on eh em a r r i ed Po l ly John soninN ew Yo rk S t a t e , jo in edth eChu r ch a y e a rl a t e r ,andin1 8 3 5g a th e r edw i th th eS a in t sa tK i r t l and , Oh io . H e wo rk ed onth eK i r t l and T emp l eun t i li t scomp l e t ion . Wh i l eh e r e ,Jo s eph Sm i thsa idtoh im ," I ' l lg iv eyouwo rk enoughfo rtw en tym en ." ~~ th enb egan wo rk on an ex t en s iv es ca l eandla idmy p lan s togo ah e ad . Among th emu l t ip l i c i ty o fbu i ld ing sund e rmy ch a rg e ,Ih adth e sup e rv i s iono ff in i sh ingth es e condo rm idd l ew a l lo fth eT emp l e , in c lud · ingth es tand s ,e t c ." M r . Ang e l lf in a l lys e t t l edinN auvoo , andh e lp edbu i ldth a tc i ty .I n h i sau tob iog r aphy(1884 ) ,a f t e rW i l l i am W e ek s ,a r ch i t e c to fth eN auvoo T emp l e , hadgon eaway ,i sr e co rd edh i ss ta t em en tcon c e rn ingth et emp l e ' s . Th i sl e f tm e tob r ing ou tth ed e s ign and f in i sh ingo fth e comp l e t ion :. rg ef romth enontoi t scomp l e t ion , Low e r Ha l l , wh i ch wa s fu l lyinmy cha ewo fu s ,B ro th e rO r son Hyd e tak ingcha rg e ." andwa sd ed i ca t edbyaf ew r i t e s :" I hads t eadyemp loym en tupon th eT emp l e , P r ev iou s toth i sh f jo in e rwo rk und e rW i l l iam hav ing b e en appo in t ed sup e r in t end en to W e ek s : and God gav em ew i sdom toc a r r you t th ea r ch i t e c t ' sd e s ign s , wh i ch g a in edm e th egoodw i l lo fth eb r e th r en . " " p d s , : e n )8 l , d n ,1 ,. '.s , f V . f 0 ' · n e 0 s 1 Truman Angell was one of those chosen to come west with the first pioneer band. He was Brigham Young's brother-in-law, Mary Ann An, gell having married the pioneer leader in Kirtland, Ohio, February 18, 1834. He writes in his autobiography (1884), these words: "Soon after my arrival, I was chosen architect for the Church, the former architect, William Weeks, having deserted and left for the east; thereby taking himself from the duties of the said office, which position I hold to this day. After I was called to be architect of the Church, buildings of almost every description throughout the territory, and especially .Salt Lake, were placed in my charge. I will not mention them for they could not well be remembered. But I might mention the Salt Lake Temple and the one at St. George. • * • The Manti and Logan Temples I was called to take in charge, but in consequence of their being about one hundred miles each way, they were taken off my hands; for they needed the care of the architects and builders on the grounds and were accordingly placed in charge of my two assistants, T. 0. Angell, Jr. taking the Logan Temple and William H. Folsom the one at Manti." Many buildings of every description are mentioned in a journal kept by Mr. Angell from December 15, 1851 to April 12, 1856. He calls it "A journal of my time kept by my own hand." Before commencing with the first date above, he gives a few preliminary statements: uAt the time I first arrived in the Valley of the Great Salt Lake with my family, (1848) I resolved on having the counsel of the Most High through President Brigham Young. Accordingly, I went to him, stating my determination, and he put me to work on inclosing his house he had bought at the arrival of his family. * * * I paid strict attention to all his calls, went and come to his bidding-for this I rejoice. At length a plan was wanted for a Council House. Brother Major was called for and he presented a plan. Being aske<l how I liked it, I said it did not please me, considering the newness of the country and our material. After telling my reasons, the President asked me to make out a plan. I did so. My plan took and was adopted. This placed me then the architect of Public Works. * * * Soon business increased-the President wished me to devote my time to mak~ ing out designs and plans and see they were executed, saying, "I need not work further.' " (He then comments on the strain of the mental work he had to do in his new calling.) "I have made out a large number of plans, seen many of them executed to the satisfaction of all as far as I know." December 16th-"Sat at the trustle board on the plans of the State House.·· December l 7th-..Went to the BOwery-gave directions how to stage and brace the bents in the centre of the principal rafters; also met and gave many other directions to the different foremen. * ;, * Went to my trustle board and continued the plan for the State House. December 1Sth-"Made a call on the different jobs and then went to the plan of the State House." December 19th-"Attended to all the duties as a master and architect over the different branches, etc. * * * Pursued the plan of the State House." December 20th-..This plan seems urgent and makes extra .labor at this time." From this date on to the 7th of January, 1852, he dtd many things, and continued work on the State House plans. December 15, 1851-"Made the plan for Horace Eldredge's house, etc. Plan for Amasa Lyman. One for Parley P. Pratt. Made out a plan for a tabernacle. Johnson ·s house is in a smart condition. 0. M. Duel a house. Brother Benson's house was planned by me. All the jobs on the Public Works, with but few exceptions, planned and directed by me. This calls me to dodge around more than many might think. If one thing is forgotten, when I think of it, away I run and have it righted. Sometimes I feel as though I could not see my room to pursue the plan of the trustle board more than two hours a day. * * * I find my spirit more willing than my body strong." January 7th, 1852-"Attended many things out of the drawing_ room, putting them to rights; remainder of the day contmued a~ drawmg o~ the State House details. Met in the evening with the President and his counselors, Kimball and Richards, foreman Miles Romney, Nort~n Jacobs, Alonzo H. Raleigh and others. The President then. asked what Jobs were on hand not finished that we expected to have to fimsh this present season, 1852. I reported as follows: The Tabernacle is to be finished, if possible, for April Conference; Eldredge's house to be plastered; Benson s house; 0. M. Duel's house to be finished; T. Johnson's house to have a hearth; E. D. Woolley's house to be built; machine shop to be completed; Bng, ham Young's barn to be finished; Edmond Ellsworth's house to be _bmlt; office wants secretaries; Brigham Young a new office bu!lt; church t1thmg barn to be finished; barn on the church farm to be fimshed and a~other one built; a storehouse to be built, leaving ten feet space hctween it and the north end of old storehouse; State House to be built at Parowan Valley (Fillmore), the hands to be sent from here and the stone to be cut at Sanpete; a wall to be built all around the Temple. Square. five feet high two and one-half in the earth, and three feet thtck at the top, a cut ~ap to start the adobe wall on; if it is possible, build. a house for the historian and one for President Brigham Young; a baptismal font to be built in the spring." February 17th and 18th, 1852-"Took plans for a house for E. Snow, etc." • April 5, 1852-" * * * I have made out a plan for a Social Hall.: * * * "Here I feel to say I never saw a station as responsible as the arch1; tect's calling has to be"* * * .. so trampled on he is not known among the common people; this makes him !°uch trouble. Af_ter he has v.:atche? over his plans and seen them earned out, the committee that can t do 1t has all the credit for it and this kills the spirits of a man or hurts me more than all the mobblng I ever had to pass through in my life. If I am foolish I don't know how to help it, but I hope the Lord of Hosts will strengthen me for the task; but there has not been any till!e in my life so filled with trial. I think the architect should be sustamed m conference that he may feel their blessing." Monday, April 12, 1852-"To my joy and satisfaction, my place has been set apart by the President of the Church and also by the conference 32 33 Journal Entries tp ,d ,s, :e ,n JS r- l, ,d "'el ,- is ,f :r N ,r, ,f n ,. n e h s ', 1 e l l t t and all I have to say is, I pray that God of our Father Abraham, lsaac and Jacob will give me strength to my calling, and my joy will be full." September 13, 1852-"I have been making out a plan for a meeting house at Provo; it was completed this morning." November 29, 1852-"0n the 23rd I got into my room again and have made out a plan for a house for Orson Hyde." "I am now making bills for Seventies Hall." January 20, 1853-"J have been this day making out bills for materials for the Seventies Hall." .. Since the last date up to the 12th of February, my attention has been engaged in the designs of a Temple and this burdens the mind so much as to cause a neglect in writing every day in a journal. I have now prepared partly the foundation of the Temple." Through the rest of the journal to the last date, April 11, 1856, the Temple and its plans are constantly mentioned. Other plans Mr. Angell made were for the Sugar Factory, Bee-Hive and Lion Houses, the Whitehouse on the hill, the :first penitentiary, the Endowment House, the Arsenal, Historian's Office and dwelling (Geo. A. Smith), Ft. Harmony, Cove Fort, 12th Ward Schoolhouse, 13th Ward Schoolhouse, County Court House in the 14th Ward, Summit Creek Fort, A. W. Babbitt's house, Elias Smith's house, a meeting house for Kay's Ward, Haywood's Store, 18th Ward Schoolhouse (President Young's private school house), President's Office, and many others. The architect W. W. Ward is mentioned frequently for his excellent ability as a worker in stone. On March 9, 1855, this is recorded in the journal: "I have brought into my office, William Ward, to transfer de signs, and see the carrying out of the same. I am in hopes he will be a great help to me-time will prove that." Mr. Ward left Salt Lake in 1856, going to St. Louis. In 1892, while teaching drawing at the University of Utah, he was called upon to furnish an account of the planning of the Salt Lake Temple. He responded and wrote of his work as Superintendent of the Stone~cutting Department of the Public Works and as assistant to Truman 0. Angell; of the conversations between Brigham Young and the architect concerning the design of the Temple, the thickness of the walls and the foundation. At the close he records this: "But I do not recollect any talk between Brigham and Angell in regard to the style of the building. Angell's idea was to make it different to any other known building, and I think he succeeded as to the general combination." In 1856 Mr. Angell made a trip to Europe to observe architectural designs of the Old World and also to preach the Gospel when and where possible. He has left a journal of this trip. He was gone thirteen months, traveled over 16,000 miles, and came home so soon because he was needed on the Temple. The Temple construction is composite and original and decidedly "Mormonesque." The former temples had but one tower, and when President Young first mentioned to the Saints in the Valley that the Salt Lake Temple would have six towers, he also added he hoped none would apostatize because he was having six towers built and Joseph had only one. Truman 0. Angell Sr. must have had something to do in·the construction of the Tabernacle. After Joseph Ridges agreed to build the famous organ, Brigham Young asked him to draw plans for the instru ment. He writes, .. I at once went to work on the draft of a large organ 1 1 )4 t I in the office of Truman 0. Angell, who was just at that time putting \If the front of the gallery of the Tabernacle; he loved beaµtiful things and would come into my shop every morning and look around at the columns. pillars, entablature and at the smalI skeleton organ I was making to voice the pipes on." Mr. Ridges also mentions Mr. Angeli's name in connection with the expert advice he received.in designing the famous organ. About five years ago there came to light in the office of Don Carlm Young, who was Church Architect at that.time, some plans of the Taber· nacle with Truman Angeli's name attached . This pioneer architect of Utah was the father of twenty children, three of whom he buried at Winter Quarters, inside of a year. He died October 16, 1887, at his home in Salt Lake City, and was buried from the 3rd Ward meeting house. His funeral sermon was preached by Daniel H. Wells, who said, among other things, "Brother Angell needs no monument at his grave, for as long as the Salt Lake Tern pie stands, that is monument enough for him. Don Carlos Young, architect, and a son of Brigham Young, took charge of the Temple until it was finished, after the death of Truman 0. Angell.-Laura P, Angell King, ' WILLIAM HARRISON FOLSOM William Harrison Folsom, born March 25, 1815, at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, showed a decided tendency in early childhood toward mechan, ical building. At the age of 16 he had shown such capacity that his father, who was a contractor and builder, placed him in charge of a group of 500 men who were working at the docks on the shore of Lake Erie. In 1842, he joined the Mormon church and a year later moved to Nauvoo. He went to work on the Nauvoo Temple, working as a joiner. From Nauvoo he moved to Keokuk, Iowa, where he received a contract to raise a four,story, brick hotel, and build an eleven,foot story under it, which at that time was a new idea in construction. He was successful in this work. While at Council Bluffs, waiting to come West with his family, he was engaged to build the pillars of the Nebraska State Building, then located at Omaha. He did the work at the Bluffs, the finished pillars were shipped to Omaha. He arrived in Salt Lake City, October 1860, and immediately opened a carpenter shop on Main Street. His first job was to make some sash doors for Enoch Reese. Later he did some work for James Townsend, at the old Townsend Hotel on West Temple and First South. The next spring he worked on the Lion House Porch for Joseph Schofield, whu was foreman of th'"at building. About this time Phillip Margetts, Henry Bowering and others were interested in dramatics and used the Bowering Theater for their plays. It could seat about ninety people. Mr. Folsom was asked to draw plans for a larger theater. The result was the well-known Salt Lake Theatre. Work was commenced in the spring of 1861. The roof was the first of its kind built in Salt Lake City. Red pine pins were used in place of nails in pinning the planks together. The pine logs were brought from the west mountains and cross cut, sawed off in four and one half inch lengths, then split in square pegs a full inch in size. They were smoothed and pointed ( ! I I ·, 1 1 3f S' 9fuGHTERS OF UT AH PIONEERS "5 STATE CENTRAL COMPANY if -§1i :§ .~~. I:, §'j iij ::5 ~ &O'o'~ o,tj :~ a HISTORICAL PAMPHLET cf :ij ,{J, OCTOBER, 1940 'cl ' _i:I 0 ~ 0 ..:y~ ~~r!J Compiled by KATE B. CARTER PIONEER HOMES AND HOUSES Copyright. 1940 PIONEER HOMES When one sees the pioneer home and contemplates it with reverence and thinking, there is much in it to arouse emotional response. One sees in such not merely objectivity and functionalism and historical data, but a significance of something which is difficult to understand or analyze. Yet the pioneer homes that are still standing retain the living testimony of a reality and of a struggle to achieve ideals fundamental and sincere. They are not merely cabins or huts of wandering people without purpose, but the forms· of conscious aspirations to establish cultural atmosphere in a new land. Today we revere the dwellings of the pioneers, not because of age or because they are relics, but because we somehow or other have a sense of feeling that in these homesteads, there was the nurturing and the cradling, not only of life, but also the hopes and ideals of American frontiersmen who held to the conviction that our land and country is one of freedom and liberty. The significance to our civilization can be more clearly comprehended by the fact that the forms and style of these homes are symbolic of democracy and republican government. Such may seem far-fetched, however, the deeper one studies into technical expressions and feelings, of historic orders and civilizations, one comes to know that forms of architecture are important to life as are forms of governmental documents, forms of law and forms of customs and styles. Important epochs of time and history are realized and recognized through symbolic displays. So forms of all classes of intellectual endeavors are significant in the development and advancement of cultures. We often read histories of our Revolutionary days, but this battle was not fought alone by physical powers, by guns, and swords, but it was also· fought by a conscious struggle of the people to build their homes and construct their daily lives to achieve the ideals of freedom of the individual. The American Colonial style and influence is not a throw,back to the ancient forms then, for in this transition period, there was created or born a new influence, that of Christian spirituality combined with pro, portions of classical traditions and techniques. The elements of a growing culture fostered and developed by the early American settlers was the Tabernacle Completed J Pioneer Artisans Rush Domed Struciure For Meeting of Saints RUMAN OSBORN ANGELL laid his pencil down on the drawing ··-board and held his aching head in his hands, resting his elbows on the board. He dict not feel at all like working on this Monday mori1ing in October 1867. His head thro-obcd to the chink, chip.k, chinlc of dozens of hammers and chisels chipping away at the gray blocks of granite scattered about Temple Square. He had slept very little the night before and was tired. But the greatest pain was in his heart. Just 24 hours before, -death had struck once again in his beloved family, taking his little, two-year-old son Franklin. The loss of three children at \Vintcr Quarters nad not immunized the sldlled woodworker and architect to the pangs of sorrow. How he longed to be at. the farm with his grieving Mary Ann and the children! But with pioneer doggedness he had walked the three miles to his office, a temporary structure erected betwen two of the Tabernacle's red sandstone piers. General conference was to open in the Tabernacle in just five days. There was still much inte1·!or work to be done, and. the foreman depended on Truman for instructions. Also there were many decisions 3.nd diagrams needed by the temple workmen if they were to continue with their vital project. He could scarcely be spa.red from the office, even for part of a day. All ni.orning he had sat at the drawin'g board writing out directions and making sketches so the crews could car'ry on.as well as possible without him during the afternoon. · A buggy creaked to a Stop by the door. Brother Crosby had come to drive him home to the funeral. Truman put on his coat and climbed in. On the way, they stopped to pick up the little1 plain wood coffin that T_ruman had ordered made. A handful ot neighbors were gathered at the farmhouse for the brief service. The faitnrul ward teacher who called at the Angell home each month spoke and offered a prayer. He helped-Truman load the coffin into a borrowed wagon. The children climbed into the wagon box and perched on the sides. Truman and Mary Ann mounted to the spring seat. They waved goodbye to the sympathetic neighbors and drove forlornly toward the cemetery. The fresh mound of damp earth was. not hard to find on the nearly.bar· 20-CHURCH ren hillside. The waiting sexton helped lift the coffin from the wagon. They carried it over to the small grave and with long, leather straps lowcreU it slowly, carefully. Truman offered a dedicatory prayer, struggling to stifle a sob that welled up inside him. Then with_ heavy heart, he picked up a shovel and · helped the sexton !ill the grave. At seven the next morning, the hard-working architect was at his drawing board again. The task must be completed despite sickness, fatigue, · hunger or heartache. When the throng.S ol. Church members came· to conference four days later, the Tabernacle was .ready. They marveled at the spaciousness of the high-domed structure, at its wonderful acoustical properties; at the beauty of its interior work, at the great organ. · Truman Angell, though not the designer ol. the Tabernacle, had directed the final stage of construction. He, lik~ many c;>ther Pioneer artisans, gave of himself unstintirigly that there might be a, suitable place for_ the Saints to meet. • Week Ending October 6, 1962 -------- - · - - · · ........ ~. 0~ • UTAH BOX ELDER COUNTY Promontory GOLDEN SPIKE NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE 1869 Golden Spike National Histori·c Site coniain~ the site where the last spike was driven on J\1ay I 0. 1869. to complete the Nation's fir~t transcontinental railroad. The ceremony celebrated the completion of 1800 miles of railway in approximately ,i,-and-a-ha lf years to form ajunction of the Union Pacific from the cast and the Cent ral Pacific from the west. Con5truction foliowecl the Rnilroad Act of 1862, which chartered and granted Federal aid to the Union Pacific Railroad. This linking of Wc~t and Ea~t marked the beginning of a n~w era by the establis hment of a practical means of trade. commerce. and political intercourse between the Atlantic and l':icific coa~h. Federal/non-Federnl :,;I'!,; 1,542 ac res (also in Emery, Grand. and Uintah count ies) Green River DESOLATION CANYON lb69 CI\RBON COUNTY John We5ley Powell ( 1834-1902) was born in New York State and spent most of his early life in Ill inois. He attended Wheaton College (Illinois) and Oberlin College /Ohio) but received no degree from ei ther. A~ a young man he developed a curiosity ;1bout nature which led to solitary c.xpeditions on the Mississippi and Ohio rivers for the purpose of observing a nd colkcting specimens of nature. As the captain ofan artillery company during the Civil War, Powell lost his right forearm from a wound received at Shiloh. After the war he turned to exploring and led two expeditions (1869 and 1871) down the Green a nd Colorado Rivers. The 1869 expedition of I I men and four boats started from the point on the Green River where it is crossed by the Union Pacific Railroad. In Desolation Canyon the men saw a heretofore unexplored area of the United States and were confronted by dangers and na tural wonders, frighten ing and at the same time awe-inspiring. Herc the men gave enduring names to mountains, rapids, streams, a nd other natural landmarks that had never before been seen by white men. Except for an occasional abandoned ranch, Desolation Canyon is virtually unchanged from its appearance in 1869. There are no permanent residents of the canyon. Federal/privare; nor nccessible ro rhe public NHL EMERY COUNTY Green River DESOLATION CANYON Reference - see Carbon Co11111y GRAND COUNTY Green River DESOLATION CANYON Reference-see Carbon Counry SALT LAKE COUNTY Salt Lake City EMIGRATION CANYON East edge of Salt Lake City on Utah 65 1847 Emigration Canyon forms the passage through the Wasatch Mountains to Salt Lake Valley traversed by Brigham Young and his Mormon rollowers in their journey from the Missouri Valley. From it Brigham Young allegedl y stated, "This is the place"; for the valley lying before him he had seen in a vision as the destined home for his people. Just north of the mouth or the canyon on a bench of land overlooking the valley, the Mormons built Pioneer Monument in 1947 as a memorial to their fo rebears. S1111e NHL SALT LAKE COUNTY Salt Lake City TEMPLE SQUARE Temple, 1853- 1893, Truman 0. Angell; Tabernacle, 1862-1867; A ssembly Hall, 1882 Temple Square bes t captures the es~ence of the Mormon achievement in building a "kingdom of Zion" in : I•.: Utah desert. The walled square symbolizes the ~trong cultural and religious individuality of the Mormo ns. Though the Temple dominates the square , the T abernacle is an impressive monument to Mormon architectural and engineering skill. Its unsupported domed roof, one of the largest in the world, the organ, and the building's acoustical qualities are among its outs tanding features. The Asse mbly Hall is devoted to nonsectarian rcligiow, , ~ocial, and intellectual uses. Pril'llle NH L; HADS SAL r LAKE COUNTY Salt Lake City YOUNG (BRIG HAM) HOUSE, LIO , ' HOUSE 63 S. Temple Street 1856, Truman 0. Angell and William Ward The Lion House was the home of Brigham Young until his death in 1877. After succeeding Joseph Smith as head of th..: Mormon Church in 1847, Young direc ted the mass migration or the Mormon~ to the Salt Lake Valley. He was firs t governor oftheTerritoryofUtah, 1849-1857. llis two-story house, patterned after a New England res idence, is of plaster-cow red adobe brick. The exterior is substanually unchanged. but the interior has been altered somewhat. On the firs t floor, n: several rooms with original rurnishings and memorabilia. Private NHL SALT LAKE COUNT Y Salt Lake City vicinity BINGHAM CANYON OPEN PIT COl'PER MINE 16 miles southwest of Salt Lake City o n Utah 48 1904 The Bingham Canyon Open Pit Copper Mine was the first open pit copper 1m nc in 287 ,~t ,t ' '.c ·0""'.";j;~S'J'1·'$Jl4~4'. a r;.;r,11.l,,"-\i,,,.,.J.c-'.•· . ":;"',·- ,, •J.,i,,'< ' •'"'~· ,,, :.;\.•~{-· I 1 \ the world and also the largest. The output from lhis mine lifted Utah from a minor corrcr-producing state to fourth by 1919. It still yield:<. a high percentage of all 1: 1! Prin1re I' NIii. • .,..·.),!-.¥& SAN W:\N C'OUNTY HO\'FNWEEP NATIONAL MONUMENT R1·fl.'1r·11n•-.we Mcmft'<.Uma Cmmtv, c,;lorado - 11§4•.,L.-JZ. SAN J!JAN COUNTY Montkt'llo vicinity ALKALI IUDGE 25 miles southeast of Monticello on sccot'dary road, 10 miles east of Recapture Creek on Utah 47 C. 900-1100 Exc;1vations undertaken in 13 sites along Alb Ii \lcsa closed the gap in the known dcvclorrnent of the Pueblo Indian culture by tkfining the period known as Pueblo 11, roughly 900-1100. ln addition, the locai development from the 600's into the I 20(l"s h,is been shown to be a continual ,;row th that w;:1s infiuenccd by ideas of ncishboring peoples. This is perhaps the area in which the ceremonial kiva developed. F cdc,·11/: not (1cce.\',Iihle to th£' public NHI I .i 288 '\ ··"'-· ~ •• . ' . "' .,. .., ,,.. .•• \:":..i-0.,..,,,,,,,t,~. '·" ~·-:·-""'t-i•~,;Jf:~'""'~"-·'<:f']b', SI I El.BURNE MUSJ:UM U nilcd States copper production. Viewing faci!ilics for visitors arc provided on the we~! rim of the pit. 1: "•, The Ticonderoga, home port, Shelburne, Vermo111 • UTAH I - TOOELE COUNTY Wendover vicinity DANGER CAVE I mile cast of Wendover on U.S. 40 c. 9000 B.C. to A.D. 20 The archcological excavations of Danger Cave provide a clear picture of the life of the hunting and gathering peoples living in the desert environment of the Great Basin. Though no extinct animal remains have been found, the artifacts from the deep stratified deposits provide one of the more notable cross sections of long-term human development discovered west or the Continental Divide. The findings show that these people lived in an entirely different environment from that of the high plains-Palco Indian hunters. Federal; not t1cce.fsiblc lo tire public NHL UINTAH COUNTY Green River DESOLATION CANYON Reference-see Carbon County y73,•,• t -V"rI , /, /. I I ':/, -( . '>; ,-Hi A,, 7 ,rv;,·,.,, / q,' , // I '. ~- '/: :"',: <" t· / ,:_) ,'. ., /, ""· // ~ , ·- .·(. I' / / .. , . /":t , , .. /1v' ,:.' .i{. I ' 11~ ' ' .' I •' - ...--l-~'-· ' ~ i ' ' . _,I! I l I/ '' /, l ' \,,__. '' / .. / ' l '/ _,,.~ ,, .-/ /' ,'.> /) It·"' . . .·~'!/ ._.,.. i_-/11 A ,-· -~ '·-; " ..p•:·· ,;\ / . . : ,, .. " .... :\111· ~.,...., . . __ .,,... 11·1· ; 1';:: • ~- ,·! I .,;, -··-. ·.~ :1j:,Ir:I:. . . Tf!T'L l1i :, I1111111 iii Iiii iii i11 ii 111i I' I • " " II i -~·~:..-,:e,.lj.Stl . ._Jl ~ _:: ~- .•~ '"':' . .:_'1f' ""-~' ·"- 4012 I I wrrrr ir·'."T""'' 'TT........m.... .,. . f' ' . ! l . ' . 1 !•· · ·1111\ I' 111, 11·II I 11l111111i1, :t,1· I !.'., 1 ' ' ,4,,J( PUBLICATIONS IN THE COMPANION RELIGIOUS STUDIES CENTER MONOGRAPH SERIES NIBLEY ON THE T!MELY AND THE TIMELESS Classic Essays of Hugh W. Nibley DEITY AND DEATH Selected Symposium Papers edited with an introduction by Spencer J. Palmer THE GLORY OF GOD IS INTELLIGENCE Four Lectures on the Role of Intellect in Judaism by Jacob Neusner REFLECTIONS ON MORMONISM Judaeo-Christian Parallels edited with an introductory essay by Truman G. Madsen LITERATURE OF BELIEF Sacred Scripture and Religious Experience edited with a preface by Neal E. Lambert THE WORDS OF JOSEPH SMITH Contemporary Accounts of the Nauvoo Discourses compiled and edited by Andrew F. Ehat and Lyndon W. Cook Sr. SUPPORTING SAINTS: Life Stories of Nineteentb-Century Mormons Edited with an Introduction by Donald Q. Cannon and David J. Whittaker BOOK OF MORMON AUTHORSHIP New Light on Ancient Origins edited with an introduction by Noel B. Reynolds MORMONS AND MUSLIMS Spiritual Foundations and Modern Manifestations edited with an introduction by Spencer J. Palmer THE TEMPLE IN ANTIQUITY Ancient Records and Modern Perspectives edited with an introductory essay by Truman G. Madsen ISAIAH AND THE PROPHETS Inspired Voices from the Old Testament edited with an introduction by Monte S. Nyman With a Foreword by Larry C. Porter Volume One in the Religious Studies Center Specialized Monograph Series SCRIPTURES FOR THE MODERN WORLD edited by Paul R. Cheesman and C. Wilfred Griggs THE JOSEPH SMITH TRANSLATION, THE RESTORATION OF PLAIN AND PRECIOUS THINGS r<iiterl hv Monte S. Nvman and Robert L. Millet <'t . .,1:.-r r,,,=~------------- To our supporting saints: JoAnne M. Cannon Linda S. Whittaker Copyright © 1985 b ~eligious Studies Cent:r Brigham y oung University . All rights reserved Library of Congress Catalo ISBN 0-88! ~~~~:imber, 84-71425 9 First Printing, 1985 Produced and Distributed by BOOKCRAFT' INC. Salt Lake City, Utah Printed in the u mted . States of America A "Salt oft/Jc Harth" Lady: Martha Cra~,111 Cox of spelling, punctuation, and grammar has been done silently. There is no index, although a useful chart of Isaiah Cox's wives and children has been inclutlcd. Martha's second volume, which brings her life up to date and then becomes a daily journal, has not been published and is in the possession of a granddaughter. 2. Journal History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 19 October 1862, p. 6, LOS Church Archives; and Wayne D. Stout, Our Pioneer Ancestors: Genealogical and Biographical Histories of the Cox- Stout Families (privately printed, 1944), pp. 72-77, 82. 3. Family group sheet of Isaiah Cox and HcnriettaJ~mes submitted by Brent Foutz, family group sheet of Isaiah Cox and Eliwbeth Ann Stout submitted by H. Reed Black, and family group sheet of Isaiah Cox and Manha James Cragun submitted by Martha M. Judkins in the Genealogical Library, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City, Utah; and Stout, Our Pioneer Ancestors, p. 77. 4. Wilford Woodruff to President Lorenzo Snow, 13 October 1896, First Presidency Letterpress Copybooks, 1877-1949, LDS Church Archives; family group sheet of Isaiah Cox and Henrietta Janes, and family group sheet of Isaiah Cox and Elizabeth Ann Stout. The unanimity of cancellation followed by divergence of action afterwards is particularly mystifying. According to one interpretation of the scaling doctrine at the time, women scaled to an "unworthy" man could not inherit celestial glory. The fact that only one wife had herself sealed to an indubitably "worthy" personage, Joseph Smith, seems to rule out any question of Isaiah's moral standing. The fact that the wives did not remarry other men also seems to rule out suppressed dissatisfaction with the marriage that surfaced only after Isaiah was dead. Wayne Stout, after recording Isaiah's brief marriage on 29 November 1888 to Sophie Annie Morris and its subsequent annulment on 10 January 1892, observes: "This unfortunate incident did not cause Isaiah's first three wives to ask for an annulment as some people believe"; but he does not elaborate further (Stout, Our Pioneer Ancestors, pp. 83-84). A granddaughter in the early 1980s who pursued the matter with officials of the Genealogical Department of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints waited while someone checked the records, which arc not available to the public, and was reassured that the sealing was in force. .:.. "M;1rtlu Cra~un Cox." Salt Lake Tribune. 4 December 1932, B-9. I Paul L. Anderson 6 Truman 0. Angell: Architect and Saint Paul L. Anderson was born in Pasadena, California. He now lives with his wife and son in Salt Lake City. Paul is currently Curator of Historic Sites and Exhibitions with the Museum of Church History and Art in Salt Lake City. He received his B.A. from Stanford University and his Master of Architecture from Princeton University. He has published widely in Latter-day Saint periodicals and professional journals. His interest in Truman Angell relates to his training and interest in architectural history. I was called to be and act as Architect," wrote Truman Osborne Angell in 1868, nearly twenty years after receiving that call from his brother-in-law Brigham Young. "In this," he added, "I labored as hard as enny man could." 1 The statement is an apt summary of his life. 2 Like many others of his generation who embraced the Mormon faith, Truman Angell found that his religious commitment swept him along in a wave of history and carried him to places and tasks he would never have chosen for himself. A carpenter who preferred working with his hands to working with his Truman O. Angell: Architect and Saint head, he became, almost by default, the most important architect in pioneer Utah. His unwavering devotion to the Church and its leaders pushed him to accomplish things beyond his aspirations: his designs included some of early Utah's major public buildings and the homes of many of its leading citizens, as well as Mormondom's most important monument, the Salt Lake Temple. And like many of his contemporaries, Angell discovered that such achievements were purchased at an enormous physical and emotional price. In his fifty-five years as a Latter-day Saint, through persecution, sickness, poverty, disappointment, and frustration, he truly "labored as hard as enny man could." Truman was born on 5 June 1810 in North Providence, Rhode Island, the fifth child and third son of James W. and Phoebe Morton Angell, a working-class couple.' Both parents were descended from old New England families. The father's ancestry included Thomas Angell, who came to America with Roger Williams and assisted in founding Rhode Island. His mother's American genealogy went back farther still to the Mayflower. Truman's life was hard almost from the start. His parents' marriage was not a happy one. After prolonged "family difficulties," James left the family when Truman was five or six years old. Phoebe struggled alone to support the seven children. Consequently, what schooling Truman got was in "winter schools," which he apparently attended for only brief periods of time. James returned to the family when Truman was nine, but the boy was sent to live elsewhere shortly thereafter. Truman's autobiography gives little detail about the next eight years, telling only that he continued to live in North Providence, visiting his parents' home infrequently. Remembering his youth, he commented, "Having no father to restrain me, I pleased myself; and did many things I ought not. " 4 At seventeen, Truman began to learn the trade of carpenter and joiner from a man in his family's neighborhood. He continued working there until 1830 when he was twenty. The Providence area provided a stimulating environment for an Paul /.. Anderson ambitious young man in the building trade. Founded as a refuge for religious dissenters from the Puritan colonies, the city had grown to be New England's second largest, an important center of international shipping and industry. Truman had ample opportunity to see fine examples of architecture and craftmanship while learning his trade in this prosperous, bustling city. As Truman was completing his training as a carpenter, his thoughts turned to religion. This interest may have been encouraged by his older sister, Mary Ann, who was an enthusiastic Free-will Baptist. By his own account, his decision to become a Free-will Baptist was accompanied by a permanent change of heart. "From then on my mischievous life and shortcomings were laid aside; and I have ever since tried to do what was right; feeling that God required it. "S His parents' marital difficulties had persisted during the years Truman was growing up away from home. When Truman was twenty-one, he brought his mother to live with him "in consequence of the conduct of my Father towards her. "6 They lived together in North Providence until the next fall when they decided to move to China, Genessee County, New York, to be near her father and brothers and sisters. One factor in their decision to move may have been a visit from Truman's cousin, Joseph Holbrook, whose family had moved to upstate New York a few years earlier. Joseph gave the Angells a glowing report of opportunities in that booming area along the Erie Canal. The Angell family's move was completed in September 1832. Apparently, all the unmarried children and the father Joseph moved together. On 7 October of the same year Truman married Polly Johnson, a native of Genessee County. Joseph Holbrook recorded that during the summer of 1832, before the Angells' arrival in New York State, "many vague reports were circulated about a certain set of people who were called Mormonites. "' Not long after the Angells' arrival, Mormon missionaries held a meeting in the China schoolhouse which Joseph Holbrook and Mary Ann Angell attended. Mary Ann had previously acquired a copy of the Truman 0. Anµy/1: Arcbilect mu/ Saiut Book of Mormon and had circulated it among her family and friends. Another missionary visited the Angells a few weeks later. Both Phoebe's father and her brother were alarmed at the family's interest in this new religion and tried to discourage them from investigating further. However, Mary Ann joined the Mormons in December 1832. The next month Joseph and Phoebe accompanied her to a Mormon meeting in Warsaw, about twelve miles away, and both were baptized by the missionaries before returning home. Truman and Polly Angell met the same missionaries later that month and were also baptized. Five weeks later, Truman was ordained an elder. In April 1833, Truman and Joseph Holbrook, still enthusiastic about their new faith, left on a mission of their own. Holbrook's detailed account describes their travels in which they visited relatives and friends across New York and Massachusetts.• According to Holbrook's account, he and Truman traveled twelve hundred miles in seven weeks, "held fourteen meetings, baptized three besides bearing testimony to hundreds in family."• In July, just a few weeks after Truman's arrival home, he and Polly moved about forty-five miles east to Lima in Livingston County, New York. Truman's mother remained behind in China with the rest of the family. That winter news of the expulsion of the Saints from Jackson County, Missouri, reached the Angells. In March 1834 Orson Pratt and others passed through recruiting volunteers to go to Missouri as part of Zion's Camp. Truman's brother Solomon and cousin Joseph Holbrook volunteered. Truman considered going, but he was preparing for his first full season on his new farm and Polly was expecting their first child in May. Truman recalled, My heart burned with anguish. I sent them a stand of arms, but my extremely low circumstances, and the council of Elder Orson Pratt and others, who were made acquainted with my situation, prevented me from joining the "company" and going up myself to the rescue of the brethren. 10 Truman remained on his farm where his daughter, Sarah Jane, was born on 28 May 1834. He worked the farm two full Paul I.. Auderson seasons, and then, in the fall of 1835, took his family to gather with the Saints in Kirtland, Ohio. As a carpenter, Truman Angell could hardly have come to Kirtland at a better time. He arrived on Saturday and attended a meeting in the unfinished temple the next morning. Most of the exterior masonry work was finished, but the inside carpentry was just beginning. The meeting was held "on a loose floor which had been arranged for carpenters benches, etc., the house was partly (perhaps two-thirds) filled, the people being seated on work benches and other things." 11 He went to work with the team of carpenters and continued working through the temple dedication in 1836. Although Truman was a late arrival, his skills were recognized and he was placed in charge of finishing "the second, or middle wall of the Temple; including the stands."" Since the middle wall of the building extended through the two major floors, this statement suggests that Angell had charge of building the elaborate pulpits and woodwork on the east end of both major meeting rooms where the presidency of the Aaronic Priesthood would sit. Like all the woodwork in the building, the east pulpits were crafted with great skill and precision, making use of a variety of Federal and Greek Revival style patterns. Interestingly, the carving on the window frame at the east end of the upper room is different from the other major windows, with graceful and delicate flowering vines weaving their way up both sides of the arch to a keystone carved with an urn holding another flower. It is possible that this window, sometimes called the Window Beautiful, represents an original contribution from Truman Angeli's imagination. For Angell, however, the Kirtland Temple was more than an architectural achievement. His autobiography records several spiritual events that made a deep impression on the young carpenter. One of his descriptions of the building mixes the architectural with the spiritual: "The roof was supported by four trusses, which left us five rooms [in the attic). In these same rooms the power of God was manifest to encourage us wonderfully."" Angell received his "first Endowments" in 137 Truman 0. Angell: Architect and Saint these attic rooms prior to the dedication of the rest of the structure. 14 He was also present when Joseph Smith entered the building to discuss the seating arrangement with the "leading mechanic" or foreman, John Carl, a carriage builder. He recorded that the mechanic suggested a different arrangement than that proposed by Joseph. The Prophet insisted that his own plans be carried out and added that "he had seen the inside of every building that had been built unto the Lord upon this earth and he hated to have to say so."'' Angell also reported an interview that took place between a carpenter named Rolph and Frederick G. Williams, one of the counselors to President Smith. The carpenter asked President Williams what he thought of the building. Frederick G. Williams answered, "It looks to me like the pattern precisely" and then related a vision he had shared with the other members of the Presidency: Joseph received the word of the Lord for him to take his two counsellors Williams and Rigdon and come before the Lord,. and He would show them the plan or model of the House to be built. We went upon our knees, called on the Lord, and the Building appeared within viewing distance: 1 being the first to discover it. Then all of us viewed it together. After we had taken a good look at the exterior, the building seemed to come right over us, and the Makeup of this Hall seemed to coincide with what 1 there saw to a minutia.16 Truman Angell's conviction of the sacredness of the place and the inspiration of its design was further confirmed by experiences during and following the dedication of the structure. During the prayer of dedication, he shared "a sensation very elevation to the soul" 17 with other members of the congregation. Frederick G. Williams rose following the prayer to testify that an angel had seated himself on the stand during the prayer; later that day the Prophet Joseph identified the angel as Peter who had come to accept the dedication. Some time after this occurrence, Truman himself saw two personages marching back and forth in the air in front of two attic windows like guards on sentry duty. Angell's memory of this vision was Paul L. Anderson vivid late in his life when he recalled that one of the angels "turned his face to me for an instant; but while they walked too and fro, but a side view was visable." 18 Truman was not a man much given to visions and dreams. He records no other comparable spiritual manifestations in his journals and reminiscences, but these experiences confirmed a commitment to the Church and its leaders that would last a lifetime. In 1884 he added these experiences to his autobiography, "thinking it may do someone good as it has me." 1• Working on this important construction project had given Angell the opportunity to become well acquainted with most of the leaders of the young Church, including Joseph and Hyrum Smith. When Truman's own father, now a member of the Church, declined to give him a father's blessing, the young man approached the Patriarch to the Church, Joseph Smith, Sr., instead. The patriarchal blessing warned Angell of coming trials, promised divine protection, revelations, visions, and missionary success. In light of his role in building Salt Lake City, one sentence in the blessing seems particularly appropriate: "Yea thou shalt be mighty as Enoch who built a city unto God." 20 Angeli's most important connection with the presiding quorums of the Church was through Brigham Young, the brother of one of the missionaries who had first brought the new religion to the Angell family. In February 1834, the Angells had moved to Ohio, the widowed Brigham Young married Truman's older sister, Mary Ann, who reportedly had remained single until she was nearly thirty because she had resolved "never to marry until she should meet a 'man of God.' " 21 The marriage was a long and happy one, and Truman came to regard Brigham more as a father than as a brother-in-law. In the same year as the temple dedication, Truman was ordained a seventy and became a member of the Second Quorum of Seventy. Since this position involved special responsibility for missionary work, he began preparations for a mission while remaining busy with construction work. When Trumm, O. Angell: Architect aud Sai1ll the Prophet Joseph approached him about building a store, Truman replied that he "was about to go out into the vineyard to preach." The Prophet told him to go ahead but apparently reconsidered his need for the skilled carpenter and returned with his counselors the next day to renew the request. Truman records the conversation in his autobiography: The next day I looked up and saw the Presidency of the church together. I dropped my head and continued to work, at this time a voice seemed to whisper to me, "It is your duty to build that house for President Smith," and while I was meditating upon it J looked up and Brother Joseph Smith was close to me, he said "It is your duty to build that house." I answered, I know it. Accordingly, I changed my determination and yielded obedience." This encounter pointed the direction for most of the rest of Truman's life: he "yielded obedience" and went to work. The year of the temple dedication had been a marvelous one for Truman and the Church-a year of spiritual ecstasy and material success. But the next two years were disastrous. The national financial panic of 1837 swept the Kirtland Bank away, and many of the disappointed investors blamed the leaders of the Church. Characteristically, Angell remained loyal to the leaders, blaming the crisis on a dishonest clerk, defaulting Gentiles, and "false brethren." Despite personal financial ruin, Truman, as did other faithful Saints, made preparations to follow the Church leaders to Missouri. In the spring of 1838 he loaded his family into a onehorse wagon and started on the thousand-mile journey. In addition to horse and wagon, his assets were the family's clothing and a fifty-cent piece with which he paid for repairs on the wagon the first day out. It was a discouraging moment: "A rickety wagon, a balky horse, not a penny in my pocket, a family to feed and a thousand miles to go."" Providentially, a Brother James Hallman lent the Angells five dollars, which they used to exchange their horse for a better one. By selling some clothing, including the children's Sunday suits, the family raised enough money to go two hundred miles farther. They stopped while Angell worked for three weeks and then pro- Paul L. Anderson ceeded by stops and starts until they reached Missouri, trading their horse for land in an outlying area. If Truman Angell had come to Kirtland at the best possible time, he arrived in Missouri at the worst. Just three days after his arrival he was driven from his land. "I was forced on the march and remained so until the exterminating proclamation ... [when I was] forced to fly for my life; and no means of doing so, my land not being available." 24 Like many other Latter-day Saint men whose lives were threatened, Angell fled to Illinois during the winter of 1838-39, leaving his family, who were in less immediate danger, to make the trip as best they could. About five miles west of Quincy, Angell found work framing a barn for a Mormon farmer named Hail Travis. He agreed to receive his pay in provisions so that he would have food for his family when they arrived. After seven anxious weeks without a word, a late-night visit from Joseph Holbrook reassured him that both of their families had arrived on the other side of the river but that Polly, who was pregnant, was seriously ill. The two men set off early the next morning to find their families. They walked to Quincy and crossed the river without a boat, wading "about half-knee deep in mud, about five miles." Altogether they traveled eleven miles over difficult terrain before finding the camp where a hundred Latter-day Saints were waiting for the completion of a new ferry to replace the old one that had been washed away. Truman found his wife and two children under a makeshift tent composed of several blankets. The pitiful scene was one he remembered vividly the rest of his life: There lay my poor sick wife; her bed upon the melting snow, very ill; my two little ones-the last was born in Ohio, were by her side, their clothes almost burned off, from standing by log camp-fires; no one to care for them; all the Brethren and sisters having cares enough for their own; though they were kind beyond what could be expected." The next day the ferry was completed, and the family crossed to Illinois. Truman took his wife and children to the farm, 141 Truman 0. Auµ,ell: Arcbitect and Sailll where the owner treated them kindly. Even with good care, Polly Angeli's recovery was slow. Six years later Truman writes that her health was not fully restored and that "she has never been able to work much since. " 26 The Angells remained on the Travis farm for two years before gathering with the Saints in Nauvoo in 1841. Truman and his family arrived in Nauvoo not long after Joseph Smith had announced a revelation commanding the Saints to begin work once again on a temple. Angell writes in his biography, "I was chosen the first foreman on the Temple (Nauvoo) and gave general satisfaction to all." 27 Although he records no further details of his life during this period, contemporary records show that he was a member of the Nauvoo Legion and was a partner in the construction business in late 1843 and early 1844 with Joseph Coolidge, the builder of Joseph Smith's Mansion House. They had offices on the same block as Jonathan Browning's home and gun shop. 28 However, most of Truman's time and energy must have been devoted to building the temple. In this work, he labored under the direction of the Prophet Joseph Smith and architect William Weeks. 2 • Truman's other associates on the project included many craftsmen who would be his lifelong professional associates in Utah, including Miles Romney, William Folsom, and Elijah Fordham. Truman and Polly Angell added to their family shortly after arriving in Nauvoo-a daughter, Mariah, born 23 March 1841. As envisioned by the Prophet and drawn by the architect, the temple was to be a magnificent structure many times larger than the Kirtland Temple and more monumental in its form and details. Constructed of limestone quarried nearby, the temple walls were ornamented with pilasters all around in a variation of the Greek Revival style, popular for churches, public buildings, and houses since the late 1820s. The Prophet apparently had considerable influence on the design despite the fact that his architect seems to have been well trained and skillful in his trade. Joseph's history records an 1844 disagreement with his architect where the Prophet clearly prevailed: Paul /,. Anderson In the afternoon, Elder William Weeks (whom l had employed as architect of the Temple), came in for instruction. l instructed him in relation to the circular windows designed to light the offices in the dead work of the arch between stories. He said that round windows in the broad side of a building were a violation of all the known rules of architecture, and contended that they would be semi-circular-that the building was too low for round windows. l told him 1 would have the circles, if he had to make the Temple ten feet higher than it was originally calculated; that _one light at the center of each circular window would be sufficient to hght the whole room; that when the whole building was thus illuminated the effect would be remarkably grand. "l wish you to carry out my designs. I have seen in vision the splendid appearance of that building illuminated, and will have it built accordmg 0 to the pattern shown me." ~0 Joseph's direction over the design of the structure probably set the pattern for Truman's later relationship to Brigham Young, when he planned other structures for the Church. Truman sought Brigham's counsel often and usually deferred to him in cases of disagreement. Not only did Truman Angell neglect to record much about his personal and professional life during this period, but he also wrote little of the larger historical events occurring around him. He mentions only that he "suffered much-in common with the rest of my Brethren-during the persecutions in which the Prophet and Patriarch lost their lives."" Angeli's loyalty lay with the Apostles in the aftermath of this tragedy. "Although the Prophet Joseph and Hyrum Smith had lost their lives by mob violence," he writes, "the Twelve Apostles came forward, with Brigham Young at their head, and the mantle of Joseph was upon them in all that was done."" The year after Joseph's martyrdom, 1845, was an eventful one for the Angell family. A son, Truman Carlos, was born in January. Work on the temple was pushed ahead very rapidly. "We are here [at the temple) all of our time and make but few acquaintances elsewhere," Truman writes. 33 In M_ay, Ange~! and the other temple laborers were invited to receive a patriarchal blessing from John Smith, the Prophet's uncle. Tru- Truman o. A1111.ell: Architect anti Sai111 man's blessing includes the statement "You are more called to assist the Saints to build cities and temples, and teach the principles of architecture as they have been in the church from the beginning, and then to preach the gospel. "34 By the end of the summer, the building was enclosed. In the completed attic, Truman and Polly, among others, "received our Endowments and afterward our Sealing and second annointings, which far excelled any previous enjoyments of my life up to that time."" While the attic was in use throughout the fall and winter, construction continued on the lower rooms and basement. Two days after Christmas, Angell wrote to President Brigham Young on behalf of the workers on the temple, requesting the President's assistance in getting firewood for them. "There is a great deal of suffering among us at this time for the want of fuel." Angell suggested a general "Church Bee" to haul wood to the tempJe.36 During the winter, Truman's family ties to the new leader of the Church also increased. In January, Truman's mother and his sister Jemima were sealed to Brigham Young as plural wives, joining his sister Mary Ann. When Brigham Young and other Church leaders crossed the Mississippi to begin the westward trek in February 1846, temple architect William Weeks went with them, leaving Angell in charge of completing the design and finishing the first floor assembly room. In a few months, Orson Hyde returned from the encampment of the Twelve to dedicate that portion of the building. With his work completed, Angell left the finishing of the remainder of the building to others while he began his preparations for going West with his family. A Church committee was instructed to help him get an outfit but was unable to do so until well into the summer. Angell eventually got two wagons which were in bad condition. After repairing them, he loaded his family and possessions and crossed the river where he was supplied with "young and unbroke" oxen and money to buy provisions. With the summer nearly gone and his wife expecting another child shortly, Truman and his family set off for Winter Quarters. Partway across Paul L Anderson Iowa, Truman's health failed and he had to hire two black teamsters to drive his wagons to Winter Quarters. The Angell family had already shared much of the persecution and suffering of the Saints, and their experience in Winter Quarters was no different. Truman remained sick with fever and chills all winter. In late October Polly gave birth to a daughter, Almirah, who died soon after. On 2 December Martha Ann, their ten-year-old daughter, also died. By spring, Truman's health had improved and he was called to join the first company of pioneers. Besides his brother-in-law Brigham Young, other family members on the trek included his brother Solomon and cousin Joseph Holbrook. Like many others of the company, Angell stayed in the Great Salt Lake Valley only long enough to get the settlement organized and then made the return trip to Winter Quarters, arriving in the fall after a seven months' absence. On 29 October 1847, probably a few weeks before Truman's arrival in Winter Quarters, his only son, Truman Carlos, died at the age of two. During the second winter, Angell made preparations to move his family to the West. They left early the next year with Brigham Young's company of about one hundred and fifty families. Truman's description of his third crossing of the plains is brief and poignant: "I made a fitout, and took my family in the Spring and started for our new home; arriving in Utah in the Fall with an Ox team, a distance of over I 000 miles; moving my sick wife on her back every rod of the way; having two children with us; having buried three in Winter Quarters. " 37 Shortly after his arrival in the Salt Lake Valley, Truman sought President Young's counsel about the work he should, undertake. Brigham put him to work enclosing and finishing a house purchased for the President's own family, including Truman's sister Mary Ann. In the months that followed, Angell placed himself completely at the service of President Young. "I paid strict attention to all his calls, went and came at his bidding-for this I rejoice."'" Tnmian O. Angell: Architect and Saint William Weeks, the architect of the Nauvoo Temple, had come West with the first company in 1847, but the personal tragedy of losing two children in Winter Quarters and his distaste for the discipline of pioneer life soured his feelings toward the Church. After spending a winter in Utah, he left the Saints and returned to the East. President Young, who had planned for Weeks to continue as Church Architect, was left with the problem of finding someone to take his place. For the first public building to be planned, the Council House, a Brother Major (probably William Major, an artist from England) prepared and presented a design. President Young consulted his brother-in-law about the plan. "Being asked how I liked it," Angell later wrote, "I said that it did not please me, considering the newness of the country and our materiaJ."39 President Young apparently concurred and asked Angell to prepare an alternate design. With the acceptance of the scheme, Truman Angell found himself the Architect of Public Works for the new city. At President Young's request, he devoted all of his energies to making designs and plans and supervising construction, rather than trying to become established on his own farm. Truman Angell had always before earned his living by working with his hands. He found that the transition to his new duties was not easy. "It is a trifle to labour with one's own hands [compared] to the labour of the mind," he writes. "While one tires the extremities, the other wearies the man in his whole system. " 40 Despite his personal difficulties and inexperience, the first six or seven years of his career as architect were probably his most successful and productive. As the most prominent architect in the Valley, he designed many of the best homes and nearly all of the important public buildings. Drawings and photographs of his buildings that remain from this period illustrate Angell's progress, both in his increasing skill as a draftsman and his growing sophistication as a designer. The Council House, Angeli's first design, was a simple square building with walls made of stone on the first story and adobe on the second. The building's overall form was a se- Paul I.. Anderson verely simplified version of the common Midwestern courthouse topped with a cupola. In projects that followed, Angell apparently tried to improve his designs by studying the building pattern books that were available in the Valley. An 1852 inventory of the Territorial Library listed ten such volumes, including older books featuring Federal and Greek Revival style details and several recently published works advocating picturesque designs using Romanesque and Gothic elements. 41 Angell made specific reference to only one of these books, but his drawings contain many details that appear to be taken from others as well. 42 Many of the houses Angell designed in his first few years as architect were plain rectangular structures similar to those built in Nauvoo with decorations that hinted vaguely of Federal or Greek Revival styles, but they were constructed of adobe instead of brick. Some of the houses, like Brigham Young's White House of 1849, had simple but graceful cornices and arched ceilings inside. Most included porches, an element that was popular in warmer parts of the country but had not been common in Nauvoo. Many of these early Utah homes, such as those for E.T. Benson, Horace Eldridge, Edwin D. Woolley, and Willard Richards, looked remarkably substantial and handsome for a struggling pioneer community. In his design for a Seventies Hall prepared in 1851 and 1852, Angell tried his hand at more pretentious and fashionable architecture. His drawings envisioned a building with a dome-shaped roof over a large meeting room and octagonal turrets on the corners. Borrowing details from Greek and Gothic examples in his books, Angell decorated his proposal with castlelike battlements on the parapets, Greek pediments on the walls, and Gothic details on the windows. The scheme was quite ambitious, and Angell was proud enough of it to make a perspective drawing. Its extravagance may have been the reason it was never built. Another important public building he planned in 1851 and 1852 was the city's first large assembly structure, the Old Tabernacle, located on the southwest corner of Temple 147 Truman 0. Auge/I: Arcbitf!ct and Saint Square. Like many of the roughest pioneer shelters, it was a dugout, with a floor below ground level, adobe walls, and a simple gabled roof. It was surprisingly large, however, seating twenty-five hundred people. Angell designed the unconventional sixty-foot ceiling trusses with the aid of a model which he tested for strength. Both gable ends of the building were ornamented with triangular panels containing carved rising suns reminiscent of the suns tones on the Nauvoo Temple, and the ends of the roof were decorated with large barge boards cut out in a Gothic trefoil pattern apparently copied directly from a builders' book. 43 By the end of 1851, Angell was growing accustomed to his new life. He had become a prominent man in the community, planning and directing many projects, and enjoying his success and prestige. His family life had also changed with the addition of a plural wife, Susan Eliza Savage, who would ultimately bear six children. Perhaps sensing the importance of his position in the Church, Truman started keeping a journal of his work that December. In the first few pages he lists with evident satisfaction the many buildings "progressing smartly" under his direction, describing his style of supervision as "the care of a kind father over his household" and referring to himself as "an architect and a master. " 44 He also acknowledges the constant pressure of his job, which causes him "to dog around more than many might think," and records the first of many complaints about the nervous strain he feels working at his drawing board. "I find my spirit more willing," he writes, "than my body strong. "45 As 1852 began, Angell had twenty-two projects underway or about to be started, the most elaborate being the state house or capitol to be constructed at Fillmore in central Utah. Because this structure was to be built without Angeli's constant supervision, the architect prepared more detailed drawings and specifications than on previous projects. His design for the large stone building included four two-story wings projecting from a central domed rotunda. The dome towered above the wings and terminated with a statue of an eagle standing on a Paul L. Anderson beehive. The entire building was surrounded by a two-story porch decorated with lattice panels and Gothic pinnacles. The strange proportions and mixture of styles made the design somewhat ungainly. Only the south wing was constructed, however, and standing alone without the elaborate porch, its sandstone walls, arched windows, and pilasters have a dignity reminiscent of the Nauvoo Temple. Other important projects begun in 1852 included the Social Hall (a simple two-story adobe and stone building), a new residence for the governor, and a meetinghouse for Provo. For Brigham Young's impressive three-story official residence, Angell experimented with a grand symmetrical plan including a semicircular staircase. The details for this house, developed over the next two years, included carved mantlepieces and a handsome observatory topped with a beehive. The Provo meetinghouse gave Angell the opportunity to design a rather large church. Although local tradition has ascribed its design to "English Presbyterian" influence, the building was actually a fine example of the American meetinghouse tradition executed in adobe. The exterior was simple and well proportioned with a substantial domed tower. The interior included a large meeting room with a gallery on three sides. Angell also designed an outdoor baptismal font, walls, and elaborate gates for Temple Square, and worked on some scenery for the Social Hall. Angell continued to enjoy his job through most of the year: "My heart is glad to see the order as I now have it." 46 After feeling a bit discouraged because he was not properly recognized, he was very pleased to be sustained in his position along with other Church leaders by vote at April conference. Increasingly secure in his abilities, Angell writes of the committee's purchasing building materials, "how perplexing it is to be ruled by inexperienced men. " 47 Angeli's prestige was further enhanced by his position as an officer in the militia. Early in 1853 Angell began work on the most important project of his career, the Salt Lake Temple. Brigham Young had selected the temple site within days of the arrival of the first Truman 0. Angell: Arcbitect and Saint pioneers, but construction of the building had been deferred while the community overcame the basic problems of survival. But with a large number of faithful Saints gathered in numerous settlements, with many homes and a few public buildings completed, and with an architect who had demonstrated some talent and ability, Brigham was ready to begin. Angell helped the First Presidency lay the southwest cornerstone on 6 April 1853.•8 According to a statement by William Ward, a talented young stonecutter who worked as Angeli's draftsman in 1855 and 1856, the basic elements of the temple design were dictated to Angell by the President: Brigham Young drew upon a slate in the architect's office a sketch, and said to Truman 0. Angell: "There will be three towers on the east, representing the President and his two counselors; also three similar towers on the west representing the Presiding Bishop and his two Counselors; the towers on east the Melchisedek priesthood, those on the west the Aaronic priesthood. The center towers will be higher than those on the sides, and the west towers a little lower than those on the east end. The body of the building will be between these and pillars will be necessary to support the floors." Angell then asked about the height, and drew the following vertical section according to Brigham's instructions . ... 49 The plan of the building was familiar to Angell since it followed the pattern of the Nauvoo Temple with large meeting rooms on the two main floors, rows of offices on mezzanines above the sides of the large rooms, and a baptismal font surrounded by smaller rooms in the basement. The most distinctive new elements were the six towers on the ends of the building. These towers externalized the priesthood symbols of the triple pulpits that had been the main features inside the meeting rooms of the earlier temples. It seems likely that the multiple spires were intended to give the building a dramatic silhouette reminiscent of the Gothic cathedrals Brigham had so admired in England, although their number and placement on the temple followed no European precedent. Although the President had dictated the main elements of the building and followed its progress closely, the design Paul L Anderson details and styles of the structure appear to have been left to the architect. William Ward recalls, On several occasions the foundation and thickness of the walls was the subject of conversations. But I do not recollect any talk between Brigham and Angell in regard to the style of the building. Angeli's idea and aim was to make it different to any other known building, and I think he succeeded as to the general combination. so As he had done before in the Old Tabernacle, the Seventies Hall, and the state house designs, Angell experimented with medieval details from his most up-to-date pattern books. One of his early drawings shows a window with a pointed arch, giving evidence that Angell considered using correct Gothic details on the building. However, he discarded this idea in favor of round-arched windows which more closely resembled those on the Nauvoo Temple. The decision to use round arches in combination with medieval details like parapets, pinnacles, and buttresses may have reflected Angell's familiarity with the Norman or English Romanesque style which enjoyed a brief vogue in the 1840s and 1850s in America. Some of the pattern books available to Angell discuss the style and show examples of picturesque villas combining these very elements. Angeli's design for the temple towers is particularly interesting in comparison with illustrations from two contemporary pattern books available in the Territorial Library. The New Practical Builder, by Nicholson, whose writings are mentioned elsewhere in Angell's journal, includes a castellated Gothic mansion with a tower combining corner pinnacles, battlements, and other ornaments strikingly similar to the upper portion of the temple towers.5 1 A facade of a church in Shaw's Rural Architecture, available in the Territorial Library, also resembles the temple in its general proportions, window details, and the unusual double buttresses and pinnacles at each side of its tower." In assembling the details gleaned and adapted from various sources, however, Angell showed a degree of originality and a grasp of architectural principles. He took particular pride in the triple-tiered spires. "The finishing touches are quite original," Truman O. Angell: Architect aud Saint he writes, adding with obvious enthusiasm, "I have a large field to launch forth into."" While working on the preliminary temple plans, Angell also labored on an equally challenging but ultimately less successful project. The machinery for a sugar factory had been brought to Utah the previous year from England. In the spring of 1853 Angell was assigned to build a factory on the Church farm four miles south of the city in the area now called Sugar House. Unfortunately, the plans delivered with the machinery did not give sufficient detail about how the parts should be fitted together. In addition to planning the building to house the equipment, Angell spent much time over the next two years trying to put the machinery into working order. His drawings for the factory are among the most complicated and careful he ever made. However, when the factory was completed in 1855, it succeeded in producing only dark molasses. After two seasons of operation, the enterprise was abandoned as a failure and the building and equipment put to other uses.>• During these same busy years, Angell also designed an arsenal, a number of new homes, a schoolhouse for the Twelfth Ward, a store for merchants Livingston and Kincade, several forts for new settlements, a penitentiary, and many minor projects. To serve the needs of the Church during the construction of the temple, the Presidency had Angell supervise the erection of a simple adobe Endowment House in the northwest corner of Temple Square. William Ward assisted Angell in making the drawings for a "Big House" for President Young's family, later known as the Lion House. The castellated stone entrance vestibule drawn by William Ward illustrates the young man's ability to design in a more proper Gothic Revival style than his supervisor. The Salt Lake County Courthouse built during 1855 gives particularly clear evidence of Angeli's progress as an architect. Similar to the Council House in its general form, it exhibits much greater refinement in the arrangement of doors and windows and the details of its decoration. There were also developments in Angeli's personal life. His heavy responsibilities had begun to affect his health. In 1854 Paul I.. Anderson he wrote that he felt as much fatigued from drawing "as I ever did a hewing timber or mowing grass, the two kinds of business that used to weary me the most in my early life." 55 Throughout that year and the next, his bad health became an increasingly frequent subject of journal entries. Another change in his life began during a trip to some of the southern settlements with Brigham Young in the spring of 1855, when the President advised him to take a second plural wife. In June he dutifully married Mary Ann Johnson, a young woman who bore him eight children over the next thirty years. This additional wife and the probability of more children may have been a factor in a letter he wrote that fall to Brigham Young asking permission to supplement his income by taking jobs on the side.5 6 Angell continued to work on the temple plans through January 1856, but the long hours of concentration finally proved too much for him. He stayed away from the office part of February and most of March to rest. Apparently President Young became concerned. While Angell was dining with him and his family around the first of April, the President suggested a working vacation-a mission to Europe. Angeli's reply, recorded on the first page of his missionary journal, implies that he was more interested in a change than excited about Europe: "I told him that the labors of my office were very fatiguing and crowded upon me farther than 1 could attend to them, and that I did desire temporary relief. "s1 Brother Brigham may have had a motive beyond concern for Truman's health for sending Truman on a mission. In the eight years since William Weeks had left the Church, no trained architects had appeared in Utah, and President Young may have decided to train one. Setting Angell apart as a missionary, President Young promised him money and an opportunity to "view the various specimens of architecture that you may desire to see." Perhaps reflecting his own enthusiasm for England's cathedrals and other buildings, he added, "You will wonder at the works of the ancients and marvel to see what they have done; and you will be quick to comprehend the architectural designs of men in various ages ... and you will 153 Truman 0. An!!,ell: Arcbitect and Saint rejoice all the time." The President also reminded Angell to "take drafts of valuable works of architecture and be better qualified to continue ... work ... upon the temple and other buildings. "s• Truman Angell spent the next three weeks in preparation and departed on 22 April with an eastbound wagon company of forty-five people that included such notables as A. O. Smoot, E. T. Benson, Orrin Porter Rockwell, and the nonMormon Judge John F. Kinney. The journey was hardly relaxing. Because of limited wagon space, Angell had to walk most of the way. By the second day, he was exhausted. Less than two weeks out, the group ran into a late blizzard that trapped them in several feet of snow for six days. Angell records: "I have been robbed of a home, I have been afflicted in body; but never did I feel in a tighter place than this journey has placed me in." 59 The remainder of the trip, however, was relatively uneventful, and Truman arrived in Liverpool on 13 July after nearly three months of travel. From the time of his arrival in England, Angell received special treatment. Franklin D. Richards, the retiring president of the European Mission, had received word from Brigham Young that Angell was to visit many countries and places, that the mission should furnish the means for his travel, and that a companion should be chosen to accompany him.60 The companion was James Kay, presiding elder in the Liverpool Conference.61 Local branches provided traveling funds. Angell set his own schedule and was accorded minor celebrity status in many of the branches he visited, preaching at length in most places. Truman's missionary journal contains many evidences of his deep feelings of devotion to the Church. He preached the "necessity of living their religion" and records with much satisfaction after a particularly strong sermon that he had "let them have the heaviest licks that I could streak. "62 When news of the Reformation of 185 7 reached Britain, Angell fasted and prayed with the other missionaries before rebaptism and reconfirmation. On his return home, he wrote, "I am endeavoring to reform Truman before the Lord of Hosts. "63 Paul/,. Anderson Liverpool, the European Mission headquarters, became Angeli's base. He spent fifteen out of his thirty weeks in Europe in and around the city, much of the time resting, writing letters and his journal, and making preparations for travel el~ewhere. He visited London three times; made a two-week trip to France and the Channel Islands, and a three-week visit to Ireland; spent nine days in Wales, two weeks in and around Manchester, and one week each around Birmingham and on the Isle of Man. A careful reading of Angeli's detailed journal yields some unexpected observations of both mission and missionary. In spite of his special calling to study architecture, Angell spent considerably more time doing traditional missionary workvisiting branches and members, attending conferences, and speaking in church meetings-than looking at architecture. And he spent nearly as much time resting and nursing his health as he did in Church work. His journal records visits to buildings or other sightseeing on only about forty days, roughly one day in five of his mission. A second unexpected observation is that Angell was generally neither very impressed by nor very interested in the great buildings of Britain and France. He described in detail and took notes on only one structure-a theater that he thought might serve as a model for one back home. Of the new Houses of Parliament, he writes, "It was burdened with ornaments till it became sickening. I had to think the object of decorating so much was to excell rather than to display anything like a reasonable taste."64 Westminster Abbey, he thought, "exhibited the genius of men but there was something about it very inanimate. "65 He saw the neoclassical National Gallery of Art "with which I was not impressed" and the Tower of London of which he records, "I shall not mention more of than to say that I bought a pamphlet that gives a full description of it. "66 Angell was already tired of sightseeing when he visited Sir Christopher Wren's masterpiece, St. Paul's Cathedral. "The most that I could say of it was that it was a National Show, and when the people want to make a show with their money, such buildings may be built, that can be easily matched. " 67 Later in 155 Truman 0. Angell: Architect and Saint his journal, after listing a few of the buildings he saw in Paris, Angell writes, "We visited several other buildings of principle note. To mention them here would use up my patience. "6s Wren's chapel at Greenwich college, he says, "was burdened, and in fact this is one of the faults of the English Architecture.' '6 9 Clearly, Angeli's taste in architecture seems to have been firmly set in favor of American simplicity. One of the few English buildings he praised was Hereford Cathedral, which he described as "built in a masterly style of architecture. "7o It may be significant in light of the style of the Salt Lake Temple that parts of this cathedral are outstanding examples of the Norman style, with round arches and massive, relatively simple stonework. Angell also had a few good words for a free library in Manchester, praising it for its orderly arrangement and similarity to his own design for "one of our chambers in the Plan of the State House, Utah Territory."" Although neither interested nor impressed by most of the architecture he saw in Britain and France, Angell was fascinated by technological and scientific achievements. He was much taken with the Great Iron Ship under construction near London and marveled at a machine that could punch holes in a sheet of iron one inch thick as easily as a person could "put a needle through a sheet of thin strained paper. "n He spent most of two days at the exhibit of manufactured goods at the Crystal Palace and wished he could have spent another two weeks. Museums in Dublin, Paris, and Manchester drew his special attention to their industrial displays. He also recorded details about a stone quarry, an iron works, a hat factory, a sewing shop, and a copper and lead factory. Though Greenwich's chapel left him unimpressed, he was fascinated by the observatory and described its moveable dome and some of the scientific equipment in some detail. Because of his own frustrating experiences in trying to build the sugar factory in Utah, he spent nearly two weeks arranging to visit a sugar refinery near Liverpool and wrote an extensive and technical description of it afterwards. The prospect of seeing another Paul L Anderson refinery was his main reason for going to Ireland. He spent a whole week writing his report on the two factories in a detailed letter to Brigham Young" and had it copied by a Church member "expert with his pen" before sending it off. He spent a good deal of time having an engraving made of his design of the Salt Lake Temple based on a daguerrotype of the rendering made by William Ward. The work was done by Frederick Piercy, a Mormon convert in London who later became known for his illustrated guidebook to the Mormon Trail.74 Piercy also made an engraving of Brigham Young's house from Angeli's drawing. Angell received instructions to return home in late January 1857." Tired and sick from his travels, he had already spent most of January resting and rewriting his journal. His exhaustion was accompanied by sleeplessness, head and chest aches, loss of memory, and depression. "I feel as though I had not a friend on the earth," he writes, and dispiritedly records a few days before boarding the ship being as much "out of health" as "before I left the Valley. " 76 On an uncomfortable night in France he had summarized his negative view of Europe: "The Saints in Zion should be thankful to the Lord, for the poor in Salt Lake are a thousand times more comfortable than they are in this town. My heart sickens at the horrors seen in this hemisphere. " 77 Arriving in Boston on 2 March after a stormy winter crossing, Angell visited his old home in upstate New York before proceeding to St. Louis. Among the Saints there he found William Ward, his former assistant in the architect's office, still relatively friendly despite his having left the Church and Utah during Angeli's mission. Angell traveled from Independence, Missouri, to the Salt Lake Valley in a wagon train which included only six teamsters and six passengers, one of them the Apostle George A. Smith; and Angell found there was room for him to ride. They passed the first train of handcart pioneers en route, and Angell left his rifle with them when he saw that they had only one gun in the camp. The wagon train traveled from dawn to midnight cover- 157 Truman O. AnRell: Architect and Saint ing fifty miles a day. The continued rapid pace exhausted Angell. By the last day of the journey he could not eat and had wild dreams when he tried to rest. He arrived in Salt Lake City on 29 May to find his family happy and well, including a sixmonth-old son born in his absence. Truman Angeli's mission had taken him !6,569V2 miles, by his own reckoning, and had lasted a little more than thirteen months. 78 It had been intended to enlarge his view of architecture, expand his imagination, and increase his ability to design buildings for the Mormon kingdom. It was ironic, therefore, that compared with the productive years before his mission, Angell would have few opportunities in the years that followec.l to use his new knowledge. Other architects would design most of Salt Lake City's new public buildings and homes. Angeli's exterior designs for the temple, completed before his mission, would remain substantially unchanged, and most of the interior details he would develop for the building would ultimately be set aside. Excepting his design for the St. George Temple, most of his contributions would be mac.le as a construction supervisor. His new role began immediately. He hac.l been called back to make detailed drawings so that stone could be quarried for the temple walls. He prepared master drawings anc.l then began making full-size quarrying patterns using the spacious second fi6or of the Church store. He had completed part of this work by 24 July 1857, two months after his return, when word of Johnston's Army reached the Valley. Angell helped pack up the temple drawings, some to be moved south and others to be cached locally while the temple foundations were buried. Angell usec.l the winter respite to continue planning the temple stonework and, in a letter dated 22 March 1858, assured Brigham Young that the drawings were clear enough to be understood after the passage of time "if there was a prospect of the building yet being erected. "79 Angell and his three families joined in the exodus southward, returning after the peaceful settlement of the difficulties that summer. The temple foundations remained buried, however, and other projects took Paul L. Anderson priority in the ensuing months. Through the fall and winter Angell supervised the remodeling of the Old Tabernacle, moving the organ and choir seats from the north end to the center of the east side opposite the pulpit. A new "fence" between the stand and organ divided the room in half with women on the north and men on the south.so Angell continued his architectural work with reluctance. In September 1858, just a few months after returning from the move south, he wrote to President Young alluding to his own poor health and expressing the hope that a change of work to farming would revive him. 81 He did change occupations for 1859, but he worked at his old trade, carpentry, rather than at farming, and he complained, "There was too much hard labour in getting wood that seemed to use me up, and all this winter I have felt a set back." 82 In January 1860 he asked President Young in a letter if there were more projects to plan for the new year, for "if not, I want to make such other arrangements for spring as may open for me." 8 ' However, new projects developed. He worked on plans for a new home for John M. Bernhisel and for a handsome Gothic Revival bay window to be added to Hyrum B. Clawson's house. Probably his biggest project was developing plans for the New Social Hall, a large building for drama and dance. Although Angell prepared fairly detailed drawings, Church leaders decided to build the Salt Lake Theater instead. That same year, at the request of Brigham Young, Angell also made a study of the newly popularized system of balloonframe construction, which usec.l many relatively small pieces of milled lumber rather than the heavy timbers of older wood buildings. Angeli's assurance that the new system was cheaper and that its thinner walls wasted less space than adobe may have influenced the President to use it for his new house at Forest Farm southeast of the city. 84 In late 1860 William H. Folsom arrived in Salt Lake City. This olc.l acquaintance and colleague was, like Truman Angell, a New England-born carpenter who had grown up along the Erie Canal. The two men had worked together on the Nauvoo Truman O. Anµ,ell: Architect and Sailll Temple. After the exodus, however, William Folsom had remained in the Midwest, eventually becoming a successful building contractor in Omaha. With his experience and abilities, Folsom may have been the only other man in the territory qualified for Angeli's job. While Angell retained the title of Church Architect throughout the summer of 1861, Folsom made drawings for a new Seventies Hall and also began work on the Salt Lake Theater. Angell spent the year planning additions to the rear of Brigham Young's office between the Beehive and Lion House and supervising more changes to the Old Tabernacle. Angell harvested a crop of sugarcane from his farm late that season and resigned as Church Architect to devote his full energies to farming. William Folsom was sustained as his successor in October conference of 1861. Not much information remains about Angeli's years as a sugarcane farmer and sugar mill operator in Salt Lake City's Sugar House area. He summarizes the experience in a sentence: "I resigned ... and went out on my farm and here the parts of my boddy that was not called into uce in the designing room was put into uce on the farm and for one or 2 years it seamed to do me good but alas I found I must stop. " 85 In 1865 Angell took up carpentry again and worked part of the following year on the new Tabernacle under the direction of William Folsom and Henry Grow. But his old trade was hard on him, and he returned to his farm for the winter so weak that he could not do a day's work for five months. Meanwhile, William Folsom, encountering some of the difficulties and frustrations that Angell had experienced before him, asked to be released as Church Architect. Brigham Young asked Truman Angell if he would be willing to take up the burden again. After reflecting, Angell answered on 31 March 1867: "If you do wish me to apply miself again to the Architects calling, I will do so with all my mite. " 8 6 On 8 April he attended general conference where he was sustained once more as Church Architect. His son, Truman Angell, Jr., and William Folsom were sustained as Assistant Church Architects. Truman lost little time getting back to work. Two days later, he moved at least part of his family back into the city and Paul L Anderson prepared a small office between two of the unfinished tabernacle's piers. Within a week he was working on drawings of the tabernacle cornice he had helped build the previous year. Angell also began keeping an office journal. Again, characteristically, at the end of his first week back on the job, he wrote that he frequently had to get out of the office for fresh air and a change of scene to avoid dizziness. Also characteristically, the second week he committed to paper an expression of his genuine humility and determination: I must say I feel a good deal worn out but if the Preserdent and my brethering feal to sustain a poor worm of the dust like me to be Architect of the Church let me strive to serve them and not disgrace my self.... May the Lord help me so to do. "8 7 Angell found both the temple and the tabernacle projects in partial disarray. The construction of the Tabernacle had advanced beyond the detailed drawings, and the temple drawings were confused. The frustration of bringing order to the two projects was increased by Angeli's realization that his work would probably not be appreciated: "All this is a labour of the mind and hence is a labour that no one perhaps will see. '' 88 Both Angell and Folsom had examined the temple foundations when they were uncovered in 1862 following the departure of Johnston's army. Both had agreed that much of the masonry work was badly done and needed to be replaced. In the succeeding five years, the foundations had been rebuilt and work had begun on the walls without detailed plans. During the spring of 1867, Angell refined the system that he had devised ten years earlier. He prepared a master drawing of the temple, showing every stone with a number. He then made a detailed pattern of every stone so that each one could be cut to size at the quarry in Little Cottonwood Canyon, numbered, and shipped to the temple block. In this way, no waste stone would be shipped, and the number on each stone would tell the masons exactly where it should go. Angell believed that his system would be so simple that it would eliminate most of the need for trained supervision. He took great pride in the origi- Truman o. AnRell: An:bilect and Saint nality and beauty of his system, but had no illusions: "I beleave when this house is up my labers will then be appreciated and not before. " 89 For much of the summer, however, the Tabernacle was his first priority. Its west end, including its half-dome roof, had been constructed the previous year. The huge arched trusses that spanned the central section of the building like a row of bridges had presented fewer problems than the half arches at the ends which came together at one point in the center of the roof. This complicated connection was evidently not planned in detail before the pieces were put into place, and the result was a rather inelegant, although sturdy, patchwork. Perhaps referring to this situation as well as the interior finish work, Angell writes, "If I had charge of this building from the start it would bin my way to of found all the main troubles in a plan a head of the work but now it is otherways and I will do the best I can."9o The east end, erected in the summer of 1867, was much neater and more workmanlike, perhaps due to Angeli's supervision as well as the experience gained by the workmen the previous year. Most of Angeli's work on the Tabernacle focused on interior carpentry. He acted as foreman, summarizing his role succinctly: "I do the thinking and they have nought but to push the work. "9 1 The stand, based on instructions from Brigham Young, had pulpits on three levels, reminiscent of the Kirtland and Nauvoo temples. Angell also made careful arrangements for the organ and chorister. He described the stand as "quite different from the stiles of the day," resembling a "masked batterry" fortification with the guns concealed behind protective walls. "You see not a gun," he notes, with a flash of wit, "but the heavest [heaviest] shots known on this earth will be there."92 Brigham Young followed the Tabernacle's progress closely, personally revising the seating arrangement, deciding the locations for the stairs to the future galleries, and even selecting the grade of iron to be used for attaching the seats to the floor. Although Angell made steady progress on the temple and completed the Tabernacle in time for October conference, the Paul L Anderson summer was frustrating. He had clashes with William Folsom and was understandably annoyed that Folsom 's successful private business was drawing some of the best workmen away from Church jobs. Truman also felt that Henry Grow, the Tabernacle general foreman, did not supervise the work carefully enough. When Grow was given credit in an October 1867 newspaper article for most of the work on the building, Angell was so angry that he demanded and got a printed correction. 9' Personal frustrations and sorrow added to his professional problems. Despite his years of hard work trying to support three families, he was still poor. On 4 July 1867 he records deciding not to use a five-dollar ticket to a ball at the theater because "the planness of my rig will be so much behind the company that will be there I think it best for me to stay away."94 He worked long hours and often spent the night in town rather than walk the three miles to his house. On a weekend home he wrote that some of his younger children were afraid of him because they had seen him so seldom. In August and September, grasshoppers ravished his farm, eating even the leaves from the trees; and his two-year-old son became seriously ill and died before the end of September. In September and again in October, he was so discouraged that he asked to be released, but President Young persuaded him to stay on. By the end of the winter he was reconciled. Angeli's journal ends in the spring of 1868 with an entry stating that for the previous six months he had supervised the stonework on the temple, making diagrams of every course and every stone. In his first explanation of his system to President Young ten years earlier, he had predicted that this part of the work would require "scores of times" more labor than it took to design the building-and his predictions came true. Sheaves of drawings preserved in the LOS Church Archives and much of Angeli's correspondence attest to his perseverance in this tedious task. Another aspect of the work on the temple allowed more room for creativity-designing the interior details of the building. In the summer after his mission, Truman had made drawings of window details, columns, and cornices ornamented Truman o. An!{ell: Arcbitect and Saint with carved faces. He continued this work in November and December of 1869, after a lapse of twelve years. The keystones of the arches included carved portraits of Brigham Young and Joseph Smith. In a similar undated drawing of a column capital, Angell indulged himself in the manner of some ancient cathedral architects by including a carved likeness of himself as an assurance that his contribution would not be forgotten. President Young's announcement in 1871 that another temple would be built in St. George, Utah, presented Truman Angell with his last opportunity to design a major building. Although busy with other projects, he worked on the plans in bits of spare time. Since much of his work was done while the President and other leaders were in St. George, Angell was unsure if his design would be accepted and therefore put off completing details and specifications. His plans were accepted, however, and the building was started before he could finish his work. Because of the confusion caused by the inadequate plans, Angell found it necessary to go to the site personally several times over the next few years. These arduous journeys, some of them in bad weather, wore on his health and energy. Angell was apparently instructed to follow the pattern of the Nauvoo Temple rather closely in his design for the St. George building. The two buildings were roughly the same size, and his drawings show that the room arrangements were also similar. The exterior style, however, followed the Salt Lake Temple in its castellated details. The walls had crenellations at the top and buttresses between the windows that were even more medieval and functional-looking than those in Salt Lake. One description classified the new temple's architecture as "English Norman. "95 In an original touch to the plans, Angell allowed the stairs on both sides of the main facade to project beyond the sides of the building in a way that recalls the fortified towers of romantic villas in contemporary pattern books. A drawing of the interior structure shows the floors supported by lattice trusses much like those used in the roof of the New Tabernacle. Angell seems to have had difficulty with the wooden tower. An early drawing shows a rather awkward Paul I.. A11derson octagonal spire, but the completed building had a squatdomed cupola. Brigham Young thought the tower too low and demanded a change but died before anything was done. The following year, the unchanged tower was split in half by lightning and was replaced with a higher domed structure designed by William Folsom under Angeli's direction. The completed stone building was plastered and painted gleaming white, simultaneously giving it the appearance of castle and church. While evoking memories of the Nauvoo Temple, the interior at St. George also displayed many of Angeli's ideas for the Salt Lake Temple that would never be realized. The meeting rooms included arched plaster ceilings, clustered Gothic Revival columns, and cornices decorated with stars and quatrafoils. In July 1876 Angell was completely worn out once again. "Not one hour of the day am I clear of important duties and I have now allowed the work to go neglected, this has been the pride of my hart but age creeps on me and I see I fail," he writes in a letter of resignation to Brigham Young.96 Angell proposed to homestead some public land to leave an inheritance for his family. The President accepted Angeli's resignation in the hope "that the desired quiet" of a farmer's life "may restore you to your wonted health. "97 The resignation, however, produced anything but quiet. On 4 August Brigham appointed T. 0. Angell,Jr., to serve in his father's place. A month later, after receiving a letter demanding a salary increase, Brigham released him with the statement: "Men that dictate the affairs of this great work in which we are engaged do not place price upon their labor. "98 William Folsom was asked to serve instead, but by the first of the year Truman, Sr., was back in his old job, reconciled to seeing it through to the end. "My health is not first rate and I do not know as it ever will be but I had rather ware out in my duty then rust out. "99 Brigham Young's death late in August of 1877 must have been a particularly heavy blow to Angell, who had regarded him with the affection of a son and the admiration of a disciple. "The Lord ... seames to dictate all he does," Angell had written earlier in his journal. "All I ask is to know the mind of Truman o. An&ell: Architect and Saint President Young to me and my way is clear." 100 Three weeks after the funeral, Angell wrote to President John Taylor and the other Apostles, "Brethren, you can continue me in the archi. "IOI Th tect's office or not as you see fit, I am at your service. ey asked him to stay. Angeli's orderly system continued to guide the slow, steady process of construction of the Salt Lake Temple_- In 1880, Angell reported that in ten years the walls had nsen nearly seventy feet. He claimed to have saved the Ch~rch over twenty thousand dollars through his careful planning of the stonework his personal hiring and management of the masons, hi~ system of producing excellent mortar in a mill _on Temple Square, and his use of improved boom cra~es ~h1ch were partly his own design. He also reported that m spite of years of faithful service, he remained desperately poor. In answer to his appeal for financial assistance, the Church granted him one thousand dollars to repair his home. In his later years, Angell came to rely increasingly on the help of several of his sons. Truman 0. Angell,Jr., made most of the later masonry drawings and diagrams for the temple and also served as scribe for much of his father's correspondence. Theodore began working as a stonemason in the late 1870s and became his father's clerk while his older brother was supervising the temple in Logan. When the foreman of stonecutters on the Salt Lake Temple was sent to prison for polygamy in 1886, Angell tried unsuccessfully to have Theodore appointed foreman and proposed another son, Leonard, to serve as clerk. Following President Young's death, Angell was involved in several significant changes to the temple plans. A steam-heating system with boilers located outside the building replaced the Jess efficient and more dangerous original system of fireplaces in the stone walls. In 1885 and 1886, the interior layout of the building was changed to provide larger rooms for temple ordinances, a floor of offices, and one large meeting room with a gallery. This new plan was based on a scheme developed by Truman, Jr., for the Logan Temple. Angell, Sr., seems to have conceded these changes reluctantly. Paul L. Anderson President Taylor noted with concern in I 886 that Angeli's signature did not appear on the revised interior plans and assured him, "We look upon you and sustain you as the architect of the temple ... and wish whatever plans are submitted to be drawn out under your supervision and with your approval." 102 Church records are unclear about how Angell really felt in this case, but another incident suggests that his feelings may have been negative. Shortly after President Taylor's death in 1887, Truman,Jr., suggested to President Woodruff that the temple spires be finished in stone rather than wood covered with tin as planned. Although President Taylor had rejected the same suggestion a few years before, President Woodruff favored the idea and asked Truman, Sr., for his view. On 11 October the sickly architect asked his son to record his opposition to the change: it would alter Brigham's design, add a year to the construction time, and triple the cost. The son, however, added to the same letter his own views, disagreeing with his father and undercutting his arguments.'"' Five days later, before a decision was made on the matter, Truman 0. Angell, Sr., passed quietly away. On 17 October 1887 the Deseret Evening News announced his death and eulogized him as "a modest, unassuming man, of genial disposition, and a staunch and true Latter-day Saint." 104 His funeral was restrained, in keeping with his wishes. Speaking in the Third Ward Chapel, President Daniel H. Wells, for many years Angeli's supervisor on the public works and a former member of the First Presidency, paid tribute to him in a paraphrase of Sir Christopher Wren's epitaph in St. Paul's Cathedral- "As long as the Salt Lake Temple stands, that is monument enough for him." 105 Truman Angell was buried in the Salt Lake City Cemetery next to his beloved Polly, who had passed away ten years before. He left behind two wives, thirteen children, and fifty-five grandchildren and great-grandchildren. Joseph Don Carlos Young, a son of Brigham Young trained in the East as an engineer, succeeded Truman Angell as Church Architect and supervised the last six years of the temple's construction, including stone spires and redesigned interiors. • Truma11 0. Angell: Arcbilect and Saint Perhaps the most fitting characterization of Angeli's place in Mormon history was one made by himself in a letter to President Taylor. After reviewing many events of his life, Angell modestly wrote that he had been called as architect "perhaps for want of a better man." 106 He knew that there had been stronger, healthier, better-trained, and more talented men than himself in the Church from time to time. But William Weeks and William Ward left the Saints to go elsewhere, William Folsom arrived in the Valley late and found the job too frustrating and limiting, and Truman, Jr., had neither the requisite humility nor devotion to the Church to replace his father. Only Truman 0. Angell, Sr., had been willing to endure years of frustration and friction with his associates, striving to "suit the authorities of the Church'' while receiving little recognition and inadequate compensation, and persisting for decades in supervising even the smallest construction details of a single building. His contribution in providing order and continuity to this important project was not the work of an architectural genius but rather the humble offering of an uncommonly loyal and devoted servant of the Church. As an architect he had achieved more than he aspired to do simply by doing what he regarded as his duty. For this monumental job, the Church had never found a "better man." In many ways, Truman 0. Angeli's life had been a testimony to the sincerity of his exclamation in another letter to President Taylor, "Oh that I could go to my Father in Heaven and have Him say, 'Well and faithful have you been over a few things. Enter my rest.' "10, Paul L. Anderson of the Church Historical Department. The help and encouragement of Church Historian Leonard J. Arrington is gratefully acknowledged. 3. Most of what is known of the first half of Truman Angell's life, the thirty-seven years from his birth to his arrival in the Salt Lake Valley, is contained in a short autobiographical sketch prepared in 1845 and revised and expanded in 1875 and 1884. The longest version fills only eleven pages of typescript, telling a story with many elements common to the faithful rank-and-file who participated in the early scenes of the Mormon saga. The longest version is titled "Journal of Truman 0. Angell"; hereafter cited as Angell, Journal. A shorter version is "Biography of Truman Osborn Angell, Sr."; hereafter cited as Angell, Biography. Typescripts are preserved in the LDS Church Archives. 4. Angell, Journal, p. l. 5. Ibid., p. 2. 6. Ibid. 7. Joseph Holbrook, "The Life of Joseph Holbrook Written by His Own Hand," typescript, LDS Church Archives, p. 8. 8. Ibid., pp. 13-14. 9. Ibid., p. 14. IO. Angell, Biography, p. 2. 11. Angell, Journal, p. 2. 12. Ibid., p. 4. 13. !hid., p. 3. 14. Ibid. 15. Ibid., p. 5. 16. Ibid., p. 4. 17. Ibid., p. 5. 18. Ibid., p. 11. 19. Ibid. 20. Ibid., p. 3. 21. Susa Young Gates, in collaboration with Leah D. Widtsoe, The Life Notes l. Truman 0. Angell, Journal 1857, 8 April 1867-1868, MSS, LibraryArchives, Historical Depanment, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City, Utah; hereafter cited as LDS Church Archives, 24 September 1867. 2. Much of the preliminary research for this chapter was made possible by a 1973 Summer Research Fellowship from the History Division Story of Brigham Young (New York: Macmillan Company, 1930), p. 24. 22. Angell, Biography, p. 3. 23. Angell, Journal, p. 5. 24. Ibid. 25. Angell, Biography, p. 5. 26. Angell, Journal, p. 6. 27. Angell, Biography, p. 5. • Truman O. AnRell: Arc:hitec:t and Saint 28. Card Index, Nauvoo Restoration; Nauvoo Neighbor, 23 April 1844. 29. For information on William Weeks, seeJ. Earl Arrington, "William Weeks, Architect of the Nauvoo Temple," Brigham Young University Studies 19 (Spring 1979), 337-59. 30. Joseph Smith, Jr., History of The Church ofJesus Christ of LatterdaySaints, ed. B. H. Roberts, 2d rev., 7 vols. (Salt Lake City: Deseret News, 1932-1951), 6,196-97. 31. Angell, Journal, p. 7. 32. Angell, Biography, p. 6. 33. Truman 0. Angell to Brigham Young, 27 December 1845, LOS Church Archives. 34. Angell, Journal, p. 6. 35. Ibid., p. 7. 36. Truman 0. Angell to Brigham Young, 27 December 1845. 37. Angell, Journal, p. 8. 38. Truman 0. Angell, "A Journal of my Time kept by my own hand," commencing 15 December 1851, typescript, LOS Church Archives, p. I (hereafter cited as Angell, Journal 1851-56). 39. Ibid. 40. Ibid. 41. Catalogue of the Utah Territorial Library (Great Salt Lake City: Brigham H. Young, Printer, 1852), typescript, LOS Church Archives, p. 27. 42. Angell, Journal 1854-56, p. 24, refers to a work by Peter Nicholson, probably Principles of Architecture (London, 1848). Other influences seem to come from books by A. J. Downing, William H. Ranlett, and Edward Shaw. 43. Compare Angell's design with William H. Ranlett, The Architect (New York: William H. Graham, 1847), plate 6. 44. Angell, Journal 1851-56, pp. 2-3. 45. Ibid., p. 2. 46. Ibid., p. 7. 47. Ibid., p. IO. 48. Ibid., p. 13. 49. William Ward, "Who Designed the Temple?" Deseret Evening News, 16 April 1892, p. 4. 50. Ibid., p. 4. 51. Peter Nicholson, The New Practical Builder and Workman's Compauiun (London: Thos. Kelly, 1822). Charles Mark Hamilton has also mentioned this similarity in his dissertation, "The Salt Lake Temple: An Architectural Monograph" (Ph.D. diss., Ohio State University, 1978), p. 56. Paul L Anderson 52. Edward Shaw, Rural Architecture (Boston: James B. Dow, 1843), p. 51. 53. Angell, Journal 1851-56, p. 18. 54. See Leonard J. Arrington, Great Basin Kingdom (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1958) for details about the early attempts at building a sugar industry. 55. Angell, Journal 1851-56, p. 20. 56. Truman 0. Angell to Brigham Young, 2 October 1855, LDS Church Archives. 57. Truman 0. Angell, "Journal by Truman Osborn Angell 1856," typescript, LOS Church Archives (original in Daughters of Utah Pioneers Archives), p. l; hereafter cited as Angell, Missionary Journal. 58. Ibid. 59. Ibid., p. 7. 60. Ibid., p. 20. 61. Ibid. 62. Angell, Missionary Journal, p. 51. 63. Ibid., p. 76. 64. Ibid., p. 28. 65. Ibid., p. 29. 66. Ibid., pp. 30-3 I. 67. Ibid., p. 32. 68. Ibid., p. 57. 69. Ibid., p. 62. 70. Ibid., p. 69. 71. Ibid., pp. 50-51. 72. Ibid., p. 24. 73. Ibid., pp. 44-48. 74. Frederick Piercy, Route from Liverpool to Great Salt Lake Valley (Liverpool, Franklin D. Richards, 1855). 75. Angell, Missionary Journal, p. 68. 76. Ibid., pp. 65, 70. 77. Ibid., p. 68. 78. Ibid. 79. Truman 0. Angell to Brigham Young, 22 March 1858, LOS Church Archives. 80. Journal History, 2 January 1859, p. 1, LOS Church Archives. • Tnonan O. Angell.- Arcbitect and Saint 81. Truman O. Angell to Brigham Young, 20 September 1858, LDS Church Archives. 82. Truman O. Angell to Brigham Young, 2 January 1860, LOS Church Archives. 83. !bid. 84. Truman O. Angell to Brigham Young, 18 July 1860, LDS Church Archives. Although there has been some speculation that Angell designed the Forest Farm house, I have been unable to find any evidence for his participation in that project. 85. Truman 0. Angell, Journal 1857 to 8 April 1868, MSS, LDS Church Archives, 18 April 1867; hereafter cited as Angell, Journal 1857-68. In the absence of page numbers, citations are made by date of entry. 86. Truman 0. Angell to Brigham Young, 31 March 1867, LOS Church Archives. 87. Angell, Journal 1857-68, 21 April 1867. 88. !bid., 28 April 1867. 89. !bid., 28 May 1867. 90. Ibid., 19 June 1867. 91. Ibid., 26 September 1867. 92. !bid., 30 August 1867. 93. Ibid., 6, 12, and 18 October 1867. 94. Ibid., Journal 1857-68, 4 July 1867. 95. Hazel Bradshaw, ed. Under Dixie Sun (St. George, Utah: Washington County Chapter Daughters of Utah Pioneers, l9SO), p. 340. 96. Truman 0. Angell to Brigham Young, 29 July 1876, LDS Church Archives. 97. Brigham Young to Truman 0. Angell, 4 August 1876, LDS Church Archives. 98. Brigham Young to Truman 0. Angell, Jr., 4 September 1876, LDS Church Archives. 99. Truman 0. Angell to Brigham Young, 23 February 1877, LOS Church Archives. 100. Angell, Journal 1857-68, 16 March 1868. 101. Truman 0. Angell to John Taylor, 25 September 1877, LDS Church Archives. 102. John Taylor to Truman 0. Angell, 13 May 1886, LDS Church Archives. 103. Truman 0. Angell and Truman 0. Angell, Jr., to Wilford Woodruff, 11 October 1887, LOS Church Archives. Paul I .. Anderson 104. "Death of Truman O. Angell, Sr.," Deseret Evening News, 17 October 1887, p. 3. lOS. Laura P. Angell King, "Truman 0. Angell, Sr.," in Kate B. Carter, Heart Throbs of the West, 12 vols. (Salt Lake City: Daughters of Utah Pioneers, 1941), 3:71. 106. Truman 0. Angell to John Taylor, December 1881, LOS Church Archives. 107. Truman 0. Angell to John Taylor, 18 October 1881, LDS Church Archives. • - . .._, ccrcain instances placed over the doors of business houses. A place, all will agree, that it is needed. It was never used generally over entrances of Church buildings. "The emhlcm of the Clasped Hands betokens the bond of brotherhood ;mJ the free offering of thc right hand of fellowship. "The use of the symbol of the Allsecing eye and Clasped Hands, emblems of the faith and fraternity which existed among the people at the time when they were in use, have long since become obsolete. They have no other meaning than that stated above." Insignia on the Temple Dr. James E. Talmage says, "The highest stone in the Temple, and therefore, the capstone proper, supports a statue, the crown of which marks the point of greatest altitude in the entire structure. "The figure, which stands twelve and a half feet high, is that of a man in the character of a herald or messenger, blowing a trumpet. In pose and proportion, the figure is graceful and gentle, yet virile and strong; the drapings are simple, and leave only feet, arms, neck and head bare. Around the head is a slender circlet supporting high,power incandescent lamps. The statue is of hammered copper thickly overlaid with gold-leaf. It is the work of C. E. Dallin, Utah born, and now of more than national fame as a sculptor. The figure is intended to represent Moroni, the Ne, phite prophet, who, as a resurrected being, delivered to Joseph Smith the message of the restored gospel. "There are in the outside walls of the Salt Lake City Temple several series of stones of emblematical design and significance, such as those representing the earth, moon, sun and stars, and in addition are cloud stones, and stones bearing inscriptions.~• Of these, President Anthony W. Ivins says he has never heard reference made to them as other than representations of certain groups of heavenly bodies whose relationship to astronomy is well known, but which are without significance to church members. The Eagle Gate In "One Who Was Valiant," we read: "The entire estate (of Brig, ham Young) was surrounded by a cobblestone wall nine feet high, with gates placed at convenient intervals. Father had a threefold purpose in having this wall constructed. In the first place it was built as a protection against floods. The stream from near-by City Creek Canyon at times swept down the street· and was capable of doing some real damage to the garden and of flooding the basements of the houses. The second reason was that employment might be furnished for the emigrants until perma, nent work was found for them, and finally, the wall was useful as a pro, tection against the Indians who were still troublesome during the fifties and sixties: "Each member of the family had his own key to the gates, for they were kept locked after a certain hour in the evening. Just in front of the office \.Vas a guardhouse where someone was always on duty to keep out intruders and maintain a sharp lookout for Indians as long as that pro, cedure was necessary. "The main entrance to the estate was the 'Eagle Gate,' so named from the large wooden eagle which stood guard on its pinnacle. The eagle was designed by Truman Angell and carved by Ralph Ramsay from l- five blocks of woo<l-onc for the body, another for the neck, two for the wings, and the fifth for the beehive upon which it was mounted. The whole was hcl<l firmly together by pieces of iron. At that time there was no way to get through to City Creek Canyon, except throui(h father's grounds, and so his permission had to be obtained by the settlers when they wished to drive through the Eagle Gate and on up to the canyon for firewood. ''There was a legend in the old days that every time the eagle hcar<l the noon whistle blow, he would leave his perch, fly straight <lown State Street to the old wooden watering trough, get a drink of water-or some, thing, and fly back again. I sat many a time with my feet in the carriage house stream, waiting for the bird to fly, but apparently I was always called to dinner at the wrong time, for I never had the pleasure of seeing him in action."-Jeanette M. Morrell. \.-.;.<!'CL,-l,-t lh.YsY\7.) TRUMAN 0, ANGELL, SR. "Thy calling is more particularly to labor in assisting the Saints to build cities and temples than travelling abroad to preach the gospel." Excerpt from Patriarchal blessing given by John Smith upon the head of Truman 0. Angell, May 13, 1845, City of Joseph (Nauvoo). The life of Truman 0. Angell, Sr., as an architect and builder of temples, public buildings and homes, was lived in fulfillment of the pro, phetic words just quoted. However, he was considered a good preacher, and when twenty-two years of age, he and his cousin, Joseph Holbrook, went on a mission, travelling from western New York as far cast as Pro, vidence, Rhode Island. He was the third son of James Williams and Phoebe Morton Angell, who had ten children. He was born June 5, 1810 in North Providence, Rhode Island of Puritan stock, his first progenitor in America being Thomas Angell, who came in the ship, "Lion" along with Roger Williams. Truman 0. Angell had a very limited education, but at the age of seventeen learned the carpenter and joiner's trade. At the age of twenty, one he married Polly Johnson in New York State, joined the Church a year later, and in 1835 gathered with the Saints at Kirtland, Ohio. He worked on the Kirtland Temple until its completion. While here, Joseph Smith said to him, 'Tll give you work enough for twenty men." HI then began work on an extensive scale and laid my pbns to go ahead. Among the multiplicity of buildings under my charge, I had the supervision of finishing the second or middle wall of the Temple, includ, ing: the stands, etc." Mr. Angell finally settled in Nauvoo, and helped build that city. In his autobiography (1884), after William \Veeks, architect of the Nauvoo Temple, had gone away, is recorded his statement concerning the temple's completion: "This left me to bring out the design and finishing of the Lower Hall, which was fully in my charge from then on to its completion, and was dedicated by a few of us, Brother Orson Hyde taking charge." Previous to this he writes: "] had steady ·employment upon the Temple, having been appointed superintendent of joiner work under \Villiam Weeks: and God gave me wisdom to carry out the architect's <lcsigns, which gained me the good will of the brethren." 66 a; • , :.: ~-3 L • 67 22.1-- Truman Angell was one of those chosen to come west with the first pioneer band. He was Brigham Young's brother-in-law, Mary Ann An· gcll having married the pioneer leader in Kirtland, Ohio, February 18, 1834. He writes in his autobiography {1884), these words: "Soon after my arrival, I was chosen architect for the Church, the former architect, William Weeks, having deserted and left for the east; thereby taking himself from the duties- of the said office, which position I hold to this day. After I was called to be architect of the Church, buildings of almost every description throughout the territory, and especiaily Salt Lake, were placed in my charge. I will not mention them for they could not well be remembered. But I might mention the Salt Lake Temple and the one at St. George. * * * The Manti and Logan Temples I was called to take in · charge, but in consequence of their being about one hundred miles each way, they were taken off my hands; for they needed the care of the architects an<l builders on the grounds and were accordingly placed in charge of my two assistants, T. 0. Angell, Jr. taking the Logan Temple and William H. Folsom the one at Manti." Many buildings of every C.k:scription a.re mentioned in ;i journ;il kept hy Mr. Angell from December b, 1851 to April 12, 18.16. He calls it "A journal of my time kept hy my own han<l." Before commcncin~ with the first date ahovl\ he gives a few preliminary statl~mcnts: "At the time I first arriveu in the Valley of the Great Salt Lake with my family, (1848) I resolved on having the counsel of the Most High through President Brigham Young. Accordingly, I went to him, stating my determination, and he put me to work on in.closing his house he had bought at the arrival of his family. * * * I paid strict attention to all his calls, went and come to his bidding-for this I rejoice. At length a plan was wanted for a Council House. Brother Major was called for and he presented a plan. Bein~ asked how I liked it, I said it did not please me, considering the newness of the country and our material. After telling my reasons, the President asked me to make out a plan. I did so. My plan took and was adopted. This placed me then the architect of Public Works. * * * Soon business increased-the President wished me to devote my time to mak, ing out designs and plans and sec they were executed, saying, ·r need not work further.' " (He then comments on the strain of the mental work. December 16th-"Sat at'the trustle board on the plans of the State House." December ! 7th-"Went to the Bowery-gave directions how to stage and brace the bents in the centre of the principal rafters; also met and gave many other directions to the different foremen. * * * Went to my trustle board and continued the plan for the State House." December 18th-"Made a call on the different jobs and then went to the plan of the State House." December !9th-"Attended to all the duties as a master and archi• tect over the different branches, etc. * * * Pursued the plan of the State House." December 20th-"This plan seems urgent and makes extra labor at this time." From this date on to the 7th of January, 1852, he did many things, and continued work on the State House plans. January 7th, 1852-"Attended many things out of the drawing room, putting them to rights; remainder of the day continued at drawing on the Sta.tc House details. Met in the evening with the President and his counselors, Kimball and Richards, foreman Miles Romney, Norton Jacobs, Alonzo H. Raleigh and others. The President then asked what jobs were on hanJ not finished that we l'XpcctcJ to have to finish this present season, 1852. I reportc<l as follows: The Tabernacle is tn he finished, if possihk, for April Conference; Eklrc<lgc's house to be plastered; Ilenson's house; 0. M. Duel's house to be finished; T. Johnson's house to have a hearth; E. D. Woolley's house to be built; machine shop to be completed; Brig· ham Young's barn to be finished; Edmond .Ellsworth's house to be built; office wants secretaries; Brigha.m Young a new office built; church tithing harn to be finished; barn on the church farm to be finishe<l an<l another one built; a storehouse to be built, leaving ten feet space between it and the north end of old storehouse; State House to be built at Parowan Valley (Fillmore), the hands to be sent from here and the stone to he cut at Sanpete; a wall to be built all around the Temple Square, five feet high, two and one-half in the earth, and three feet thick at the top, a cut cap to start the adobe wall on; if it is possible, build a house for the historian and one for President Brigham Young; a baptismal font to be huilt in the spring." fobruary 17th and 18th, 1852-"Took plans for a house for E. Snow, he had to do in his new calling.) "I have made out a large number of plans, seen many of them executed to the satisfaction of all as far as I know." Journal Entries December 15, 1851-"Made the plan for Horace Eldredge's house, etc. Plan for Amasa Lyman. One for Parley P. Pratt. Made out a plan for a tabernacle. Johnson's house is in a smart condition. 0. M. Duel a house. Brother Benson's house was planned by me. All the jobs on the Public Works, with but few exceptions, planned and directed by me. This calls me to dodge around more than many might think. If one thing is forgotten, when I think of it, away I run and have it righted. Sometimes I feel as though I could not see my room to pursue the plan of the trustle board more than two hours a day. * * * I find my spirit more willing than my body strong." so filled with trial. I think the architect should be sustained in conference that he may feel their blessing." Monday, April 12, 1852-"To my joy and satisfaction, my place has been set apart by the President of the Church and also by the conference 68 69 etc." April 5, 1852-" * * * I have made out a plan for a Social Hall." * * * "Here I feel to say I never saw a station as responsible as the archi~ tect's calling has to be .. * * * ..so trampled on he is not known among the common people; this makes him much trouble. After he has watcheu over his plans and seen them carried out, the committee that can't do it has all the credit for it, and this kills the spirits of a man or hurts me more than all the mobbing I ever had to pass through in my life. If I am foolish I don't know how to help it, but I hope the Lord of Hosts will strengthen me for the task; but there has not been any time in my life ;ml all I have to say is, I pray that God of .;'ur Father Abraham, Isaac and Jacob will give me strength to my calling, and my joy will be full." Scptcmhcr 1\ 1852-"I have been making out a plan for a meeting house at Provo; it was completed this morning." November 29, 1852-"0n the 23rd I got into my room again and have madt."'. out a plan for a house for Orson Hyde." am now making bills for Seventies Hall.".. January 20, 1853-"J have been this day making out bills for materials for the Seventies Hall." "Since the last date up to the 12th of February, my attention has been cngagc<l in the designs of a Temple and this burdens the mind so much as to cause a neglect in writing every day in a journal. I have now prepared partly the foundation of the Temple." Through the rest of the journal to the last date, April 11, 1856, the Temple and its plans arc constantly mentioned. Other plans Mr. Angell made were for the Sugar Factory, Bee-Hive and Lion Houses, the Whitehouse on the hill. the first penitentiary, the Enc.Iowment House, the Arsenal, Historian's Office and dwelling (Geo. A. Smith), Ft. Harmony, Cove Fort, 12th Ward Schoolhouse, 13th Ward Schoolhouse, County Court House in the 14th Ward, Summit Creek Fort, A. W. Babbitt's house, Elias Smith's house, a meeting house for Kay's Ward, Haywood's Store, 18th Ward Schoolhouse (President Young's private scho'ol house), President's Office, and many others. The architect W. \V. Ward is mentioned frequently for his excellent ability as a worker in stone. On March 9, 1855, this is recorded in the journal: "I have brought into my office, William Ward, to transfer designs, and sec the carrying out of the same. I am in hopes he will be a great help to me-time will prove that." Mr. Ward left Salt Lake in 1856, going to St. Louis. In 1892, while teaching drawing at the University of Utah, he ,vas called upon to furnish an account of the planning of the Salt Lake Temple. He responded and wrote of his work as Superintendent of the Stone-cutting Department of the Public Works and as assistant to Truman 0. Angell; of the conversations between Brigham Young and the architect concerning the design of the Temple, the thickness of the walls and the foundation. At the close he records this: "But I do not recollect any talk between Brigham and Angell in regard to the style of the building. Angcll's i<lca was to make it different to any other known building, and I think he succeeded as to the general combination." In 1856 1vfr. Angell made a trip to Europe to observe architectural designs of the Old Wor!<l and also to preach the Gospel when and where possible. He has left a iournal of this trip. He was gOne thirteen months. traveled over 16,000 miles. and came home so soon because he was needed on the Temple. The Temple construction is composite and original and decidedly "11ormoncsque." The former temples had, but one tower, and when President Young first mentioned to the Saints in the Valley that the Salt Lake Temple would have six towers, he also added he hoped none would apostatize because he was having six towers built and Joseph had only one. Truman 0. Angell Sr. must have had something to do in the construction of the Tabernacle. After Joseph Ridges agreed to build the famous organ, Brigham Young asked him to draw plans for the instru, rncnt. He \.vritcs, "I at once went to work on the draft of a large organ ur 70 . \.~LI\ ,f,:.;; ;s. in the office of Truman 0. Angell, who was just at that time putting up the front of the gallery of the Tabernacle; be loved beautiful things and would come into my shop every morning and look around at the columns, pillars, entablaturc and at the small skeleton organ I was m;i.king to voice the pipes on." Mr. RiJgcs also mentions Mr. Angcll's n;'lmc in connection with the expert advice he received in designing the famous organ. About five years ago there came to light in the office of Don Carlos Young, who was Church Architect at that time, some plans of the Tabernacle with Truman Angeli's name attached. This pioneer architect of Utah was the father of twenty children, three of whom he buried at Winter Quarters, inside of a year. He died October 16, 1887, at his home in Salt Lake City, and was buried from the 3rd WarJ meeting house. His funeral sermon was preached hy Daniel H. Wells, who said, among other things, "Brother Angell needs no monument at his grave, for as long as the Salt Lake Temple st;'lnds, that is monument enough for him. Don Carlos Young, architect 1 and a son of Brigham Young, took charge of the Temple until it \.Vas finished, after the death of Truman 0. Angell.--Laura P. Angell King. WILLIAM HARRISON FOLSOM William Harrison Folsom, born March ..25, 1815, at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, showed a decided tendency in early childhood toward mechanical building. At the age of 16 he had shown such capacity that hfa father, who was a contractor and builder, placed him in charge of a group of 500 men who were working at the docks on the shore of Lake Erie. In 1842, he joined the Mormon church and a year later moved to Nauvoo. He went to work on the Nauvoo Temple, workirig as a joiner. From Nauvoo he moved to Keokuk, Iowa, where he received a contract to raise a four~story, brick hotel, and build an eleven.-foot story under it, which at that time was a new idea in constructio,n. He was successful in this work. While at Council Bluffs, waiting o come West with his family, he was engaged to build the pillars of e Nebraska State Building, then located at Omaha. He did the wor t the Bluffs, the finished pillars were shipped to Omaha. He arrived in Salt Lake · y, October 1860, and immediately opened a carpenter shop on~Main treet. His first job was to make some sash doors for Enoch Reese. ater he did some work for James Townsend, at the old Townsend tel on West Temple and First South. The next spring he worked n the Lion House Porch for Joseph Schofield, who \Vas foreman of at building. About t s time Phillip Margetts, Henry Bowering and others were interested · dramatics and used the Bowering Theater for their plays. It could s about ninety people. Mr. Folsom was asked to draw plans for a lar theater. The result was the well-known Salt Lake Theatre. \York waycommcnced in the spring qf 1861. The roof was the first of its kind befilt in Salt Lake City. Red pine pins were used in place of nails in pin·ning the planks together. The pine logs were brought from the west mountains and cross-cut, sawed off in four and one-half inch lengths, then split in square pegs a full inch in size. They were smoothed and pointed 71 "/ HE SAL1 LAKE TE/fll'LE. THE SALT LAl,E TEJIJI'LE. their b utiful Temple fell a victim to the torch oft e incendiary. \Vhen th pioneer company of exiled Saints had co pleted the weary journey which led them the valley of the Great ~------------------- ll,HIIEL ll, WELI,li. , Salt Lake in their flight from ruti/ess foes who had pillaged their homes a~d thrown down their altars, they paus~ scarcely long enough to ascertain th,-t a resting place had been reached, ere ,their unshaken fealty to the Lord fo d expression in the ~election of a site r a Temple to His name, in the mids of the towering mountain summits wh e they hoped to make their home. eir leader, President Brigham You g, on the twentyeighth of fuly, 184 , four days after his arrival in the val! , stood upon the spot where now rises e magnificent Salt Lake Temple, and xclaimed to his brother Apostles an companions: "Here we wiII build tie Temple of our God l" From t}{at time the place became known the Temple Block, and. the people ~ith one accord looked on it as hallowed ground. It was the cen 1 ral point around which the city grew and ¥. flourished. At first the' Temp',e J31ock was designed to contain forty acr , but a subsequent modification of the Ian reduced its area to ten acres, an such it remains today-an eighth of a ile square. The southeast comer stone is the initial point of the Salt Lake City survey, and was adopted by the: go'Vernment as tht' intersection of the base and meridian lines. The purpose for which this tract ofland was reserved was never lost sight of. Fur the furtherance of the work, shops and buildings were erected by the Church, an·d were known as the public works. As affairs prog-reso.;ed, the attention of the people Wi\5 fri:quently drawn in 1hdr public ~semblages to the necessity of hastening forward the construction of a house of the Lord, and the subject was brought to the fore at the General Con• fert·nce of the Church in Apri1, 1851. The conference met on the sixth in the Bowery '.which had been erected on the Templi: lock, but a drenching rainstorm com· p lied an adjournment till the next dn}·, as he Bowery roof was not sufficiently co act to keep out the water. At the meet g on the morning of April 7th, a motio\''to build a TemplP. to the naml! of the ord our God," was carried b)' acclamat) n. A committee of on.:, Daniel H. Veil:;, was appointed to su{)erintend the uilding ol the Temple, and was also gi en charge of the public works, A record of e situ 1tio11 at that time appears in the '"ghth gen1:ral epistle of of the First Presi ncy-Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball nd Willard Richardsto the Church, iss ed April 7, 1851. It says: "A railroad h s been chartered to extend from the Tern le Block in this city to the stone quarry an mountain on th..: east, for the conveyanct. of building ma· terials; the construction. to commence immediately. * * *·, We contt'm· plate laying a wall around_ the Temple Block this season, preparatory 10 layin;:: the foundation of a temple '.Jhe yelr following; and this we will be sure to do. if all the Saints shall prove themseJVes .l'\ ready to pay their tithing, and sacrilicr and consecrnt';! of their substance, a:. '49 frtcly ns we will.: and if the Saints do not of the best matt:!rials that can be obtained pay their tithing, we can neither build nor in the mountains of North America, and prepare for bu1ld ng; and if there shall be that the Presidency dictate where the no temple built, the Saints can have no stone and other materials shall be obendowments; and if they do not receive tained." their endowments, they can never attain President Young was in favor of adobes unto that salvation they are anxiously and pebbles, and it was regarded by looking for." many as settled that this view would be Inability to obtain liborers and material adopted. But the material to be used in during the summerof1S51 occasioned the the walls was not then decided upon. This postponement for one year of the time question was finally determined after the for commencing work on the wall, and laying of the foundation, whe~ granite for faying the foundation of the Temple. from Little Cotton wood canyon was The building of the wall was begun chosen as the principal material for the August 3, 18521 and on May 23, 1857, the building. \\'Ork \\'HS completed. The base of tl1e A Church architect-Truman O. Ang-cl! wall is of cut red sandstone, four feet in -was sustained at the conference, and a height; then come adobes for ten feet few days later the First Presidency issued more, and the whole is crowned by a their eighth general epistle to the Church sandstone coping. Openings for ingress in which they appealed to the Saints a~ to the Temple enclosure were left on foJiows: ''Bring all your spare silver and each of the four sides of the block. gold, precious stones, and curiosities From the time the conference of thC and antiquities, and 1:verything thdt wilj Churc~ voted to erect a temple, the necessity for commencing the work was often a theme for spirited discourses. At the semi-annual conference which bei.:~n on October 6th, 18521 President \· oung gave as one of the texts which he "'ished the sp.eakers to treat upon: ''Shall we commence to build a templt:: next spring, in order that we may receive our endowments more fully?" There was a free discussion of th~ question, the unanimous opinion bein" t~at . thefe should be no further delay~ I r:v1ous to this time, the material of 11,h1ch the Temple should be built had ~en a subject of consideration. Some r.1vored stone from the Sanpete quarries· ?thers thought that red sandstone, or th~ b~~~~!Jro!ll Red Butte canyon, would ~t: most suitablej while still others beheve<l that adobes mixed with pebbles Jad straw would give the best results. On the morning of the th.ird day of :he conference-October 9th-President Heber C. Kimball put the question to those assembled: HShall we have the T:ai;rxu, o. AMOll:LL, Temple built of stone from Red Butte tend to build, bl;'autify and adorn the tdobes, rock, or the best stone th~ Temple of the Most High ; and with lllountains afford?" The reply to this i·as given in the unanimous vote of the meek and humble hearts, and prayer, (•mgrt>gation, "that we build a temple rmd praise, and fasting, and thanksgivine:. come nn tn th .. 1.. .. 1... -"' ~'- ~ , 1