"The Indians: From the Journals of T. D. Brown and Jacob Hamblin", notes and copies, undated

Part of Juanita Brooks' notes on Thomas Dunlop Brown. Contains typewritten copies of "The Indian Mission" and "The Indians of Southern Utah"; "Jacob Hamblin"; "The Indians: From the Journals of T. D. Brown and Jacob Hamblin"; and "T. D. Brown Journal." Notes and copies are undated.

, c.:..L- 7ne fndian I. ission???? ------. SOUTHERN QT THE INDIANS -1 I 8 ,., ,._, c.,; ,; Since the Mormon Church was founded, its leaders have had an especial interest in the Indians. The Book of Mormon, accepted as scripture by all the faithful, tells the story of the origin of the American Indian, declares that they are of the 11 blood of Israel," and holds out the promise that they shall yet become a white and delightsome people. The fulfillment of this promise lay in part in their taking on the ways of civ:tlizatio n and becoming members of the Mormon Church. A practical man of affairs, Brigham Young had other reasons also for establishin g friendly relations with the Indians. The dream of a great inland empire and the hope of establishin g a self-sustain ing society which would be a literal Kingdom of God upon the earth, both demanded that there vi.r. 1, p4.,- corridor)( opening to the Pacific Ocean11 that converts and their goods might travel ~~~. 1 e .ao by water \. the coast and come to Utah from California. ? As soon as the first large company of Saints were settled in the Valley (J of the Great Salt Lake, Brigham Young sent exploring parties in every direction to determine the location of water and suitable sites for settlement. In every case those in charge were to become acquainted with the natives of the area and set up friendly relations) since the theory was that "it is cheaper to feed them than to fight them." Missionarie s were also u,v4,,...,; to secure Indian children who might otherwise be taken by the current slave trade into Mexico, and instead of making them slavesJ give them fo~d, clothing, ( and she 1 ter. __j,\?L{ ,.,_, tJ. ....,.o-e-t , ( ~\"- ' IC \:.. r-- * .;r-. t{'..._, C. I -t( ;ti~ i,i--t V I \ ( J r1 • Several groups of missionarie s were sent out to different places, but only the mission established on the Santa Clara Creek in jouthern Utah could be called successful. These young ~n- received their call at the October conference of 1853, and were given untii the next spring to make preparationo Twenty-five men left on April 14 in a ~ train of ten ri t V -2wagons, eight of which were drawn by horses or mules and two by ox teams~P --ff ---vn, d ,,. .... o.::; ;i....;,-t,- They were loaded with flour and other provisio ns and tools;1am.ong them wae I ,1..-vv ,r.,~ ~-4" their meato supply might they uhiaa nineteen guns and full ammun itioni~h For milk they drove a herd of seven cows. Of the group, only three weEe older than forty years, while three - others were still in their teens, and all but two of those in their early twenties . ( ----~ ,. ,, 7emaining were The man with whom we are most concerne d here is the recorde r, Thomas D. Brown, who listed himself as being forty-si x years old, married , father of two children , and a presiden t in the Seventi es' Quorum in Salt Lake City Since it is through this man's eyes that we view the Indians of the area, perhaps we should know more of him. He was born December 16, 1807, in Stewarto n, Ayrshir e, Scotland , and baptized into the Mormon Church on June 9, 1844. By 1852 Brown was living in Salt Lake City and operatin g a mercant ile establis hment on the east side of Main Street, near the Salt Lake House. !fna:ii-•~ home must have been one of the best for its time, because George Ao Smith, writing of the establis hment of the Deseret Philharm onic Society , stated that "Elder James Smithies is their preside nt and their meeting s for the present are held in Elder T. D. large Brown's/ roomo" I ' c, . Brown was evident ly a man of broad educatio n, whicli included - some (//,,(.{ ,,u.?:1,(' ,1. mathema tics aitci-- is sho Territor y of Mexico [~ow Nevada] July 25, received conside ra who was here. o • tl by a letter written by John Steele fro to the effect Brown, e assistan ce in our release on from the Indi n Mission in 1856, for a place for bringing out the sent to su I the Weber River to survey F rt Supply and also Fort Bridger , and later to lay out five sites for mail stations between -3Fort Laramie and Salt Lake City. secretary for Brigham Young. J- For a time he was also corresponding. . £ - - - But perhaps nowhere in his education and personality more evident ia than in his ''History of the Southern Indian Mission," a manuscript notebook 1 of two hundred and twenty-one pages, with a number of letters and other items appended. He writes each day of events and conditions, he describes the country, he makes careful and detailed minutes of all meetings, and especially of the sermons of visiting authorities. He sometimes writes songs and poems; he becomes lyrical over the beautiful scenery; he records the inconveniences and hardships and frictions which arose from them--in short, he tells a vivid and eloquent story of the business of being a missionary to the Indians. More important than anything else, perhaps, are his pen pictures of the natives themselves. ) \ He suggested at one time that, words failing him, he tried to sketch the scene of an Indian-white peace council. The result is not with the record, but his words ~eave an indelible impression. 1 -3- 'i'h;--.t 'Inomas th;:it he coulc D. ::.iro·,,n ,.-a,s a ,,,,.,n of wide skills is sho"m by the fact .,; vey land, compose a r.1eo·1orial to her i aje:sty, Queen ! ictoria, are and .-:rite letters fo!' ':righam :ounr;o 3ut no-..,:1ere else/:g:s his personality Sl · ? I ', and tr2jnin--; nore evident than in :1is 11 History o.:: the Southern Indian · ·fas ion, 1 of t·.cro hu:!'ldred 2nd t·,·;e~1ty-one po.gos . In addition a r.12.n:uscript noteboolc to the daHy C::.iary, the book con tabs a nwnber of l9tters and other i te'"'JS . and Bro,..n ·-;rote every do.y, givin~ da,te , pl"ce , /Treath.er concjtions before he s1J.1121,..,,_rfaed the 2.ctjvities of the :;roup . He took detailed minutes of 2,ll meetjn:;s; he (escr:ibed the country, becom:"tns lyricc'l over sane of its color he tolci. of the inconveniences 2nrl h,:,.rdshjps of fro:1.tisr life and '.i.':1e best p,~rt~ of the frictions T,!1ich sor:i.etj".'les arose ar1on~ ·'·he mission"'_ries/ of all acco·mt this vivjd 0 nd eloqt:ent/ ~ ~mtr~ ! r m ~ ~ 13e:inc; a IB.:i!;__Sjpn2:cy:---·00 t:10 ru c.e ~ r e the pen -:,ict;ures h5' of tho n-3.tives the:-:iselves . lio one so else has left o.nythin_; E.etc'-e ::;raphic o c'.W ,}J- form; r The :mis.., fonr.r ies hP.d been on t:1e road ten cl.'c.ys before they sau e.n.y Indfans o , As t:1ery1eared Fil lmore, they had t11eir first encounter, T!hich ~ - /4......,....,.,..,--.S2-s follo·,rs : T:iesdc:,,y, 25 Al1rH .-- .f\. fino mornjng after leaving canp up to Corn Cr .:iel~, very yret and heav;y dr:'.vinr; . About 20 Inc.:.::.ans of '12 lker I s :Band c2,·1e and surrouncbd 0 1r -rac;ons .-.nd f 5n,-, 11y_ crossed the roc:,,d and stootl a.head of them. .After ,'lany strnnz;e ,:;estures and much lou'tl spe"'ld.J1:; by the eldest o+' ·(, 11eT'l, ,.,_ blimket i"P.S throi.m do· n o ,'e all understood chis to be n c1e und of tol l for pci,ssin.,. over ·t,'~"'-;r lc-.nds; ,re all contrsbuted sor;ie bre,.,.d and flour and tob2,cco . The:r s2t Cio;,n ;:,nd seened to enjoy the bre2d. i'e passed on and soon so .e more caE1.e dmm to the creek, they too had to be satisfjBd. dur il1.:; .-:1 ich The record cont::inues t11rourih three ·,reeks of activity., / :Srmm told of 1 ::tb::e-IiJ::l:n:J:ra.rJm"I:·ili j:;mr,~o.fr::-trl:r:1:1xhmn..~ 1 the proble:i.s of cle2,rjn::; 12nd, dir,gjn~ c:jtches, holdin:-_: meetinr,s , c:,,nd sett:i.n•; up fr:'. ei1dly rel "tions ;:6th the loc2l nc1tives . On =~ay 11 he 1\eported th2.t Incian i.braham ' s ·rife --,-,,_s ill T,ith breast :i.nfectjon ,....., follo dn:; cl'lild_3}rth . 'ii1ey had c2.lled in sone ol' ·c:10 :•ormon -.ni.ss:i.onari-.Js to pray over her, or as t:1e Indians called E , hcid no e1fect, .iimrb: 11 do t:1eir poo:::;i., 11 ·t,hoy tried the ~.r o-:;n c-.__;_rcs o Since it ·:ro•711 ·:;rote on '.ay 12: 11 -~. ' .~~- - 3- that he could S"J.rvey l:md, . ' -rIT _ ·:.,, l ~-!· '"°' . I The Indian .uoctor or 1;1edicine ·r:1<n c1r;:le to-day, c1.nd after giving the sick -.-roman so"le hot e1ater to c"'..:i:ink, :,-,,.-t no hGrbs jn it begi=m to sin:;, 11 l'Tani, nc:i.nj , nani, i:c1.ni, 11?.ni, i; Le ., Vflryily_:; the sound then as I l12ve -;;ritten it, first loud then bll:Ln-; by degrees , h2.vin::; /_ suppose, I till, beginnin~~ aloud ac_;ai.11, this he continued knees , his to ~et ·.muld he 9no·c1::-h invoked the healil1_:: spirit lon~ the to close himself .T dra then roll over to his back vrould patient, ,::,nc~ ,;j th closed eyes , still sinsin's, lift up his hands so as to receive her , she ,7ould. f2.ll 2.cross him ane'. he ple.cmg hi.s arms around ½er and near the sore shov.lder, rrould begin to press her breast, would craYrl out "".'hen breath see,n.ed almost :=;one to him, ,rould sp it out some nasty green stuff , expectora ted from his o·,.11 lunc;s , or chest, ·.wulc". a.gai.11 begin 2. ne'.'! 17.urmurinz sons rn-r-a-a- a H- a-a- a :fom- m- m- m, 11 .'.':c ., ·,muld contmue a;:;am for hc1.lf an hour till he ould azain f2.ll on his bPck, again receive her into his ar,•1s cross·;r:i.se--a:-:;ain suck till he ,;oulcl expectora te one of his dfl.rk 1reen stones , about t 11e sjze of a berm, this he ·muld cB.rry off, crc1.wlin--; jn a stoouin:; posture some 20 yards and hide it anon-:; the brushes or in the earth, b1rr~ril1g the c'isea:ce or evil spirit . 0 0 0 .Lhese s+,ones tl1ey c2.rry i.11 ·:::1ajr necncjne b2.gs ---2.n6 I dou>Jt not :t."BID..7ill'. resurrect all t:1ey bury, at their o·.m conYenien ce, for I suppose they esteem t11ese stones spcred; then he returned and nould begi.11. s in_;mg, con-0in:1e 2:;ain in t'1e sohie ,-r2.y till after another pressure 2.nc~ suction--a rhite stone --rould 1Je expectora ted and buried, this conti.rmed for t ·ro hO'J.rs , crB;,lin,::; off once on his h2.nds anc_ lmees and once sucldn::; the shoulcler and press i.11,7: the breD,st . ,het~1er t:1ey induce L•ith i.11 the patient, that by their songs , suctions and carryi.113; off the dise2.se ; or :hether a healing spirit attei1ds them in their administr ations ; or a mas;netic streaJn passes from the ·.rhole throu::,;h the dis eased p:;rson--a mesneric influence that heals , I knmr not ; lbut the General testimony is that , often remarkabl e cures are effected. r 0 On June 7, as the r.iission;o rics nere en route to Santa Clara, passed uhat seemed to be an Inc'ian burial . It rras of a TI1:111 ~hey named~ Pi:errB, vihom thet had seen a fevr days before, a skeleton of a 'TIB.n nho h2c been hurt in one oi.' their fic;hts for a nife . -r;- unsucce2 sful of her/=1.ttern pt¢' them told :::l.achel Lee had to persuc1.de 3.n In(ian mother bury her d.ead child according to the white 7.c'lD ' s vray, a.nc' i:o.pressed u~Jon them the f;:i.ct th2.t the nci:t,j_ves did not lilre to be under tO]Jservat ion -·rhilo they performed the~r sacred rites o J.' ::Tor t:1:: s re2s m the mission-or :i.es rode on ·•rithout stopping, but the re c order could not resjst reflectin g upon t~1e event : . -~- I he lt',Y c~~rin:; his m1ly 'Jed ,'2.S t.h.:; C:.ust:,r ea::. ty o I could not help reflectjn::; 11 to dust ,Te ,u::::t rJturn 11 --..1'.l.1.s l ::ioor .InC:.ians ho-:r naar ·che 5oil t:10y :1c"ve been ! at Y_:rth dror:,ed into the c'1,,:st, crce.Jin';, lyinc; 2nd runnin;:; in j_t Trith no other tD.ble-thy ·ork- bcnch--thy :;,Yililing table thy the at re - ::'ul ~1:it-- st2.::e-bed o" jo~r., sorrow· rm-' dct'.th : ,:ith '"'.pp<1.rent s~;mp<1thy thou "Tt surrounded by thy -,;ivcs , children r.nc: f:dcnds , thou:;h at ·a little d:i..stancB" in sad c>.nd --:iournful s ' lence--the he'1.c oi -c,he c.;yin:; one re:::;tin.- on ·'-'1e roots of 2. bunch o:1: brushoak, his feet dra--;n up to,,,~~ beck, 0is le;o .. Ld t'1i;-1s -,., ted ar2.y e::rcept P.t the jo:nts ; 11 retii.rn to dust ! 11 h;r poor, dark de,;1- 20.od IP"'c.n:ite t:10u never went f2.r oEt o.Z ::i:t l .J1cm 0 0 0 '"'or .:ill o-!: t:1e r;roup this trip to the ~J.:tnca Gl<'ra 1r:J.s ne-·.r, untrocden grolmd . 1\.-o In i;,.:s 1.cco>:m,"nied t'1e-I1 , l ee.ding t:10I:1 by di."11 tr~dls arounc' the steep, :c-ocky h j lls , until ne<'r sunset •:1h:m -~11e-,r CP¥le to Chief ':·0,.,uer I s T:iclfe,1 s on ~sh rreek . -r..ey- lYd trcveled -t,-,'B~1-t,y mil3s t1is d-,y, :-nd h~d it not been for tl1e~.r Ino.2.2,n ·;u:iC:0s, they ,·.-ou.lci 11,:ver h.::-ve :'Ju.n~ the plr1ce . l r o-m srda. . 7 1:,ickeups ,·mre ttcomposeci 'Jf lon. br~Lc.rn::: o:: ·, :illo·-rs, cotton- uood and ""· sta l ks 0£' corn, 3 of thon--the ·r:llo·-;s c:h:ck ::n .:h'3 r;rounc sl'1.ntb-ly s0 ·G!Y·.t ~.:iey .nect at the top, ·i:,11e 1ec:-.V8S oZ -::,:1esc ;,.nc:. a ne :'.r;h::.ior :L.1~ ash tree T,as 2.11 the s:1cltcr ..:'ror.i . ind ~r r2.in . 11 ri"oker m;,£11 broa d olr' j_s 2. 1c'n 011 . rtBro.?,d br,ld foreheod, rather fl2 t: most 0 +1-ie1· V'J. 1,1,.:;-:..,,,.,q~'.\ J, '._Lw' r . • ..,-. O • • • aociut 50 ye2.rs of a'.:;e, ri rrent fl.~t no.se a.1d cl2.rker j_n colcir t'.12,n •10 received u:J vc:17 core.fall:,, y Toquor then l ~d tl.e 1 to Ghe er:,..n jn ~he s2nd.y '.Jo-0to'ns ~na. Y,hen r_, bout 0 t '.'ent to ;ot'~0r ·::-o ·0'1e -·;foi~'1ps of the re::,_-ul"r c,7p . -;~old t1~- t :. t: 1i:;:t;{ ya.rd.s :10:rth }ro;rr here t: 1ey 2,ll sh2red - ·H,h 1 ~.:teen Indj ms , t· -o ::::cm,:crs :i.nr· t-··o P".pooscs . supper is cl.,ss ::.c: 31°0·.m I ro··-:ri s descript:.'on of t~1e I re ••• f'OU.110. t'.1oir ;Q'10ll f. :'-'1.Cll1; SC8C::" ~r t'. 1 3 ~Ii '1t O ·c1e '"10011, con:'co.: s l<'ilOd (~::;h - 1°'~'';0 pot~ul o:..' :ro·t.t· •·e--:'11 2l1l' ,oH:'11 0 '"1 1C::e Ll'C"'l. c1ny ;--n s:md th:in ,."'1· . rci . see 1e r1.•-i', D8S:' of~ ·:i t'-'::d;ed c.a:i:l:i;:;h ..,re;r color <i.,h li.l:e chunb: ol 'J,r,co~1 in it . -C,~1e .:'loi1r '\' "1i':!!1 -t·,~e "- · c.r1 rere ·1~:~i.11; fi" )lTI t:i.e seeCo of ~r2..ss --lJy ·t -~~stod. ;·:uch lilw buckr:1e['t ;:•u'J:"n; -:.,'1e'i beh;oJn tuo rocks . :, t -e f~·1c~od to ·:,e ~i C'~:: of O['con, flo''..::.' 0::. be~:" e~l .. hE've ~con ·::.01c: ;c:ce 'J1.ll1"' .e~· o.:: ,. Tc.toe. . . r1ts . C11e o: ·' he hrethrcn .:10se clu..:;t~.::.'s ·'.:,- ;ted very o~l~· b' t t--:ster'" t:1:.z 1000 .-,:,_c:_ . kne- r no·c the c2 se =~ 0 L ., . , • ~"1:is porr:'.c1.___:e ·c.'1e fe 1'1le stfr!'ed - ·:,t'.1 ;:,_ J.·r:::_-e spoon 01' 1-,c11,.., , li.:·" t'1e -·:c-.ter '.3 m2. ds ,..,~· t'1e ::;·c., tes r:.~c:c .:.'rom "1./10, horn o.L' 1. "7.Ol T',:,~ -'.;_-i .it~1 -c>h ·G 1' " ' .,..sr;~ -:·.-2.s c'~v~cl.::d on ~ric::cr b"2b:-t::., , t. '1t, :'n :::::1cop; 0 -~'10 :::'1r,.7e of _:1 ... -L ,·oor· ·'·t..1'neci r ~,,..•10s , 1.bout l qJ.art to e;:o.ch--·c.he elc1eI' )0r"'" Gc1 fj_,_,c-t---~:1::s .. ~els 8')011 c=-e~ned or_-t. O:r of°) lC,~~ ..... ·.~18 .2oro· 0~1t o' ~·,e t:mmb for ':\i"! ;-:i::. of 1K r~ ;· "v :1·n'i :i1r;;;.::_•r's ..,rnun., ·t.,' ::.. 1p0on . --1h3 C" '8 d~::-h '12nciec' 'rel: ,l"!c' ~-il:ed ,nr' p".sf'ec. "rou;.1d. T:1:;y Si.1.)p'3C: ·'·'1j S ' p c:1°cedily, 'nr· _- t~l ·0h0 .1oad a: ;: ::"O'"'Sted :;_)Ol"::l' 011es , Fd.ded to ;-in c11-~~iJ..---c t'o.,...~.st~( s ""'r"' :_ .... rl~, r·e ~rn"")d, :!:)jne, 0I'c'.~1:s ·11 2.dcoc· t:: ..,,,,.,_-::, re --;"'ve trc•1-- to •,y-,,t ,"t"<Jfy. 1'1.en l:' 1ce 110 s ·ith li"i:;i~le o_, no cov r:···•. - tl:ey h 1d(leci. to:;eth r in -tl-ie s2nd . 011 1 hor.r Ephri1.I'l hP.s fc']_len ! 0 1 .!\..i.'ter p:'.'2.~rer, 1·e too ·.,ere soon 2.sleep--on Ol'.r 'o · fa l o ro½es f r o'1 our fr:·_cn~s . --i{~(.., As t 11ey t r 2.veled do- .n ·.sh Creel:, the Efi 4,.._.."'!(._ I ~.fVV\-\,(,rA VY\. "'(V,,'y"l,F I'\.,.. Psh, "itlc'. po:t,...., t~ci2a17 §it10 ~.:.'j,1fr:r a.,'1_"'\.~f~I -ie¥.n c1 e :J"c.c1.rt each :re'l.l' I "e,o ~et t~1ese r oots C',lt ,, : s .;2.rdcn :'n a ncu place . . ,_ - :·ttle "'-E' 1 , @@r'l!, t11ree acres ·-rell ple.nted, ··1::ith t·1~:~ Often t11ey -R@Lc?: l;is·L year ' s c.b2.ndon'.:;d farr.is ,;-i·c.h ·L:10 corn .stc1lts ::;tUl st::.nd::in; . ·;-;2.y .).,~..,..--1-o-· I:::i one pl ace tre:r a@1i@.e: a c;ooci frri~:at.ion ,ell 2.s t:1e st.?.})les o.: cor~1., sq_-J.2.sh, ;,,:1d ;,ot 0 .tces . the nQtivcs had no , noted .;:;;tJ?4ps el rij S'" ion;:i.rie,... c ;inal a.bout a half ·:iile lone:; below ·i :i.ch 1-.crc about -,-ratermelons not far '10:>.'ever ,ec~x.se -;;;::3;,:5ere .,,,orcecl to t ~ tr:icci to tall<:: to t:1e '1 -7- ..tiver , P.1:1.rouse, as t,L.1;,. :.1 -~.2ns c"::..led :·t., c:.nC:. c"ne to t~1e .... 4,,) <''1"G2 Clara ,;r00 1-::, or ·on:>.ci... :i11'c., .'\.s to t'.1e 112.tives a:1C: t:10:ir assoc fa..tion ti.ere, he saic:: ""C:i" re;."le ""'l\1Ch c_n:b.:i:id esnec~.i.lly ~~,.,; sq_11~.1rs ~llC'.. c~1~l(re!1 . i1,1e rno,3t a: the Ii1d iJ'.11S -C,11rt "Cl"'O .. -~ ·1~h 11S :r -~:/c, ""':.,dc:r trc.:velled :: t/1 11.C: -~ 1:· G d;-i.:r • • • ver~r l1ot--·G,1c3r sle:,t n.,.,r'. :C 'J.'J ~ll. t!1s \'"=Lc}~e1 .:,>s l.:i.st 11: -- 1t., .-.·1G. i10" _.. -~~:: ;~;l., 11urn JCl" i,... s-·,-i:;11cG. ·Co ~2; ·'j,10-::,· £l1... o C1.S ~11"'i.l1 a:::: ~-,c, c:111:_, I rPJ.p::osc r1o~e so, OV'Jn so t~1 t, t'.1e:t co :lr" '1"Ve e:iten '111 --·e :1n.c' at 0n~ rie:i.l., :ret . ·e d:i..sljl,:ed to ,::,,.t jn t'-:.::dr pr:JcencG ,".Pr' -~ o:,· not cnjo~· food ~-::th 1.w, so T:3 abstc' :nee: f:;.~o 1 enth1,: till 211 clcc. :teC: o.~f . 1 1 1 1 1 5 o.r: u;-; J. .,:·t, cc1·:p to v~ c 5t 11 I.2.tuprenups 11 r:ic~:eup--t'' re -e lJ 10n .i..::. 2 squ2:.;s only, ·:c.-:'.. .::-, :•ivns:Ltst1-- fcnr:.lo cl:~::..d-i. ~.1cy -:701---c i11 'J."'e~t ,,e~,r ( s:1e~CI'ea!1) -rf19:1 .. ·s c·1-irr)'"'C:1ed, ~0 :-:!l.1.cb c:o, -~·/1c rer:' 1 ~1. 'Jf_,cv· G p!O.l~ 1.11c' t:::-e 10led; th.is .;ore ol'~ nfter 2. • .:.le . ·~ 't:J:t :::ur)cr for_.,_"lc" so ,, 0 OT 1 :o ~or.nr-: ;':1 olc nn ,h'lr]_ ':'lee:, ·;1,~~ c·1lJ..ed '~:lr;1, '1'1 e'~r:' not CO"'le , Jc1cob ~:a.-r1~)lin "· r_1.:_jf'.:\·~ ·;.a11 ....e:1t o~,t J"''"- ~"'0, 1 ~1""' !1:~m roll~d 11p i:1 l1is r:. . ,-Jit sl:in ¥1.~ntl:;t, li\:c o.. rr.bo::t ;1:;d in ~.n o~: -ric:~el:p, he p2tted h::'-::1 on t:w ho::lc er , lool:~e' ki·1cl:¥ 'l:1011 '1:·n ~:1C:. -~olc' h:>1 the ··o:i.·-1011s :ere rrtoojee ·0:!.cl~'l.000 ·::,0:::10..~ , p ...,,21... J,.. f1"": e ,(:: .., r-.r1 _., .'-:1~ Sc-:, ·O 2.. S -~' e .'.:-tl1t~tes . j_:10lly b.e c~ 10 ['.l1C1 S[1.t C,')-r-11 "';c~:·ae . ,. ., -i.ll t1"'-.:,1bl~n~ . !Jt:)r S,j_O!:::ii15 --:,th l'.2 :1c ':::,eca¥'J •n.·1re C'Y.1posed . ~ 1 '1'~10 l:Lt,t,l~ c..1:_ld~t:1: t, 11:,( '"\l~.J~:~~d _ .r'3lL' j11 :~~r f['tr .r ' s boson cr;r:·i1;:---, :i. Uslled ot:.t sro2.V:1g . :cL l'o,n ·c?:..,.rC:.s '1ei· nother 24·. h::1..d behil1e~ h('r . s.·:ie ;r1.ndriot:1.::r o~· -~ :i::; c 1 il, , -:1_ v017 0:,. t· -. ·o" n , 1 ·:2s ·0'10 ,)filY one t:10.t d:i..d ·'·11s ~1:'rc· ·ork; o' w 1Jrou 1·.t, c>, ,r:icl:er bn.sl:et .'.:ull of · ·,tcr sl'.:_:1 0°1 J1-r ;1c;,t" ::-.s ~-w r:: :1 ·,')i'..:m 01 ,C:,jnlnr::;h c.::.ri·~· tL.. ::.r 102.(J o~ .:_'jsl~ . o.. 1 1 0he call :ci. alol'.C~ .:.'or ·.e to c .e ..,nd sup : she :1cu1deci 1e :.1 l."r2:e spoon m..-"de o" -~·1c horn o.~' ,' ··1ount£'.:i.n sheep ·L1,.t ·ro·~1.lc: hold ab-:rnt n p:int, fB.11 o: t:1j c- ho-:-:ie '"l:-:,de ··,-j11e, she t'1on s:d c:o .n -1. l['.r-;e ':>o-·;l 'J:0 C:.e of s1c111 :·.110 -s, ;1c' pitc:ied ··;:ith:in f'..111 o __ t-11:l.s i;;-ia-=: ~n our "'Km, 2.nd 1 :e .:111 p~1,took Zre..,ly o:~ 0' 1 js Erroot <'nc: l1')lU"i.Jhj11::; f l uid. ·e sr.101:ed -·-:i·'::,,1 -:.~/12i6 r-11G. sr~11r.; son.(' oZ -~110 £"lints l1J"1m1.s , ~n"' <;. ,. oc: 0-1:irit preV".~:..:,d . '.i.':1ej-r fec:1.rs r;c'vo ·tny ·co conf:idence 2:1.C: J..ove; ·c ,ny uere l:°L'Jer2lly ld.:1d --.-::t:1 :..~1eir -r;:ine , •·;:1eat al1c. seed fJ..oui· ~JO:i."r:::d::;e and 1Jz'.i~:!.~jofi • • '.::'hey asteci. us vO ,.. :n; nr;c,_:in, ··re tr,J.c, ·:::wm it ~·:1c one - 2.:· '18 :·ormons spoko to rheno-·•.:7.b •• • . ~ur:ii1::; our G~:l'~~nr; t,·10:r all ke~lt very still.. •• 0 •'L1erc c'.pp:3:'.r ~It J1:- --1i ....,_c3c; of ·;00'--.. .. G'='t l:-i:1d en -·-/1:is ct:,.,ea.""'1, £'.cr0-l""' s .. -~1 ..cl1 'leaver ciD"'7S <'.re bujlt ev"ry :e~-, ,'.;c1:-, , · 11( t~1e 'J-,.rllrn 'Jo ~n·; 10°· he -·,atcr o-verf lo.,•:s r:1ucl1 '"':1c!. i--011C:.ers t. e ~otto-,~ •'001.., [;rc.z 211.r-: :vtchec . 1 1 0 , • _o_ ;~Bf:arr:ri:il'To::re:rl:zm ... 1--ie comp'"'.i\7 o.:: ri::,sjomr~cs , i;r2.s ask:')d to t:,.ke i:.,l1e pl["l_ce of :in r,edcr Cj t y . 0:E~ :' stop~1er J . ~rt:1ur <Cs clerk ,1:1cl :.~cc order On )ocor.i'oor 22 _, 1855, ;.;~..r4..B5- :l:,~.,.-.,.,-.;i..,_:;;.e-P- ef.--±g;_,; ½e ·-~crried • Ti.~y Lucj_~etja_, c1.1.r~•:1tcr ·17 lis , ci.s his only olur2l -;::Se . :1fa ·,1iss:i.on jn t::i.;,; south and sent to .o.nd lo.ter to survey five s:it3s fo:i.' S"\...l"Vey ths ebcr -t:~ver for a pl:--.ce i.-'d l st.,,tions ·uet··;oen .·oi~t Lr--.rauic and Salt LR-1':e Cit ;'{. Youn·• centr'1 l co7.;;-:ittoe, ) :r.teve:.~ hio 1 ter P.ct:'v:ties, t".iE :::--ecord ro":.c:dns o:: ~re,.,.t v.o.l'1e ~or jts descrtption clear y:,t·)::..lli~ o:~ -~he n-"t:'ves of -0:·~·,"1':1 lit"'h as t 11c:· ·ere ··•'1en -~he _ q_ '.rh:ii:E.~:llmmt:!b..~ The con~x:,ny oi.' mission'.::r :Ies., f:.ind:L:.1. r tlL7.r food supply alr:lost exl12usted , decided t-~ ret1-~rn to harmony anci leave only t,;m msn, J,:,.cob H::n1bl:.in r.nc j]enef -.:r , to re;,12.in lon::,:cr on the ' i..:.1 e.lTu[;. tlli2.m Slara . a:;2.: n to this a.rea _; TT8 ,;rent .-,:ith the explor:inr-; party to Las leias :i.J.1. 1 185.5., n}1.ere , accorciin= to John ,~ t eele , he cave considera ble 2-ssistanc e 8 jn m..1.rve:"jng the area, . x:ro::il:JN.f;ifr.,tl'.'.B.Tt1i:rs.x On Dece, 1ber 22 , 1855 traccord:1n,~ to previous per1iss ion ".nd 2.ppo j11tnent of ?res . Yo12nc:, . . ., Snm; seal ed me to . ;:,ry Lucretia, d2.1. :;1:lter 1 f O::' a ll the nen callee' to ·ch~ ~ou:c·1ern InCi..,n "Ti"'sion, Jacob Hr."'mlin se'3med to t2.ke h:'..s 2.ss:i-en;-;ient nost ser.'oucly, the mi3sion lasted all his 2.i:"e o so serjot1.sly, in feet , t'1.2.t :Ifa sh2.ciorr st:'11 f.~lls ncross the barren dese:..·t ·;.:-:.stes, -.~1ere he pushed into thG un, d:;.ccov:,red c:,.reas to be one of the ---- Hf:1.rsts':J)' at, K2.1Pb, 2ct tho Colo:c·ado cr0ssjn "', 2.t the :?2ria settle7;;mt or oa ') f· o17_o---e d o '' ' · 1 o·cnors i1 s w11:?.c.1 ' J..i... ' ·o1 aze d ·..,c1e >(o~ .1e t ,I:.e -, -c.ra, _ oencop;,1, _,,,,,_. n. 1J£' ;.1.ane amow; the Indinn trihes for integr·ty o.nd honor , a man ,ho 'id. not 11 . is 1 egena' speak ;ith a forked tonp1e o u Tiarbljn ~,as born in S£'.lem, Ol1io, t·~enty he n'.l."'.'r-ied L11cfacla Taylor . follo,rec: tl1e fortunes o.f the 0 .pdl 2, 1 R19, and. 2:t t'18 a,;e of T11ey joi11ed the "1ormo1 Churc 1 in. 1°39, ')n jnter aints from :Jaavoo, across Ior,?,, 2nd to 7ro · t:iis ;?Oj_nt L11cj_nda refused to :o farti1er v,est , 1:nt rot; 1.rned 0u2rters . to i1er ho11e, leavin;: J2.cob uj_th four younr; c11ild.ren . P.. few months lc.ter he mar:rfod .U:i.c:1el Judd, ,;ho helped h:im collect r,1eans to ,o on to the valley Sreat ,Salt Ln.ke in 1850 . o-:: the They settled -:::'Tst in Tooele County. In th:l.s 0.rea tl10 InC:.ians l:'lc'd.e repe::ited r2ids on the hGrds o1 the settlers , uritil r.t last ~T:i.cob Hamblin nas put :in ch,-:,r~ of a rosse to go af~er them, recover ~~_,I the stolen c2.ttle, and. punish the lcc:i.ders • . ;;.tf -cametlDon rn:trir camp just before daybreak on ::i. !kh~ snory r:;;...,rn:in~ 2.nd ordered his ··10n to ch2r~e upon it . cau 6 ht the braves entfrely b:r S'cr ,ris e <1.nd could e 0 .s Hy ·1.2.ve killec 2.t ca;·,1p, but/t:1e sj--i;ht o: They '.:,he whole the fri~htened, runnfo~ -..-o·nen .o.r1d the terror::ized chilctren, Jecob ordered his men not to shoot o Inste2.d, he tar·ed to the chief, :,erou2.cUn::; hj.n to return ,·;ith the l)Osse to the to...-.n and e;et acquc'.inted ·•ith U-1:e le[:.ders there, in t:1e 1ope th2.t the thievjn°; ,ro1.1 ld cease . T!1e Mormon authodtics -;-·ore not pleaoed ·,-rit.1 this action ":Yl condemned J2..cob so v:: .,orously tlnt he ,'mnt alone into ·'.:,he no1.mtj_ans , ostensj_bly after a load or uood but 2.C'i:,ualJ.y to try to co0?ce to pc2.ce .,,-:Lth '1:imself o r-Iere he - 2- met ot~1c:c Indi.,.,_"1s sup~:osed to be hos::-ne, and Yras Sl'rrr:ised at how ·..-ell !'le 0 found e ::re~ a srr:l Incii2.n boy ~rho hod ' een left behjnd .-:i.t1.1 l1is r~rc'.'nci.r:lot.her, :,.:i.vc ·::he old -,roLJ.?n fooc1 to enable i~er to -;;,r"'vel j_n bod 0!1, .::i.ncl p ,rsuaded :1er ·co ::.i.ve :1im the child. J_s he hw/that n~. ,ht -,;::.. th the little body close ar;cdnst l~ i 1, he recejved :m c.nsuer to his problem, ;:. peace and satisi'2.ct:ion with his course £>.nd !3 t:1n·st for J. pro~ise th:--t 11 so shall not have the po·,;er to t1.l:e ~- f' ~\e~ti,t~;;'.:~out leer c~:.. yol1.r life . 11 lon--; as you do not '~Ji" ~,s so real t o ~ that :10 never doubted it; bec?.use oC it It ,ms his dedic2.tfon to the nission thot led hi:: captafa to lo['. ,e h:il!l to roTI1c.,_iI1 lon~er on tl,e :;roup ; D• ..-.i... o. i·c ·.;os 11.ic .:rnta Slara at the v:_sit of ~·._o:·1.-2..s ::., • ;ro'm and the S'lCCOSS in jDsp:°c.1•in:; confiC.8"lde :n t'-1e n.<>tive"' t:1at v1c,,de 11 ' s lcq.ver-; o.tf . b 2 ,lrnt to d.e!'lonstr!Ote l ou t:10 ,·11:'.·i:,e 'JrEd:, 0 1;.•en n·~'1t '.lelp the natives to :i"'1~,1·ove :1cn their food uc:.s .::.l~t . exha 1,:;tcd., -t.Lc:,- st~.:..-ted b2ck to .Ic1·mon;c,.r on foo-~, t:~.:iveljn-; a"e, ni ·~1t over the 0 I{; corn . )l.l"G I - ,,s ;12.d to .'.:'j~1c· ~= e. fe~·,- liz.::rci" fo-· 3 co1.!lC:.. l,.. 1C:::;rst:i.:1ci. hjra so -.,ell, only ~mw J ~,ce :[ ..:rorn ::Jecs·1b r 1:-Lh r1"_:-:h; I 8"0"rtec-_ f0r .... ie '::lar2 ••• t"ol'_nd. -:.o·,e !Tun.tin;; t:"\e; 173~~0 m 1.cl1 p2.c-=t~·ec1 ::io 5ce u . ,. I -::,01r he\.., ~0~1n 'Go ~t-=-3.- ·:l..iu.1." ·'·'c""'ino-rf!: -~3.c·1 t>e"'ll 10~1174:.0 1 1 ::edes "Jil ~~:1,t ~-~e ri·"J_( '10:.:.c-cs J_'1c~· l8 t -~' ,:i-':..• ·~ ..mt C: 1~~:r,c 1-<~::11; -~h:'s pl ased t·1 "1. v~::.-~~ nu.c:1 . nnr" ·;cr..t '1ome . -·· ~:1 llr' '·o -~ lei:_' loc-r~cr.: 01' ·:'c'~eil'"'S, cC t',s;:,- c~11 t 1C ·1 . • • • '.e -3- I} ere r-p1_c:1 :.1C.I'Ti1Cd . f 11e:,'" said -~ . .1r-t t'10 -rt:-i'1s "'e:ce cnn.:'.~1: ·co 3-i:,erl ·:heh' cl1ild.ren th[\.t nj:3l1t . Th.e Chief -r:G111"C.GC tn lrn.0 r : 2 ··;e · ·o- Jr" ;: ·:ht for t'1er.i. f the • t2.hs s 10":.J.ld cori- to si:.::;al t11o:ir ch~lcren . I colmseled •·;ith · ros . TJ2J.'cly !:: 'fhsl':ell, all th2t -0re ;-r~ -:~h ·'1'\e . I t' en told h~n ,-e . 1..lr.- __:':iz~1t. ;or t er1 if j_t, 1 c'.S 119CeSS['r:r . r :1e 118JCC r.. n~. . I 1 "'le ·1 iec,_ec 1 =: t'1en 1,--;:, -~·1e ri ·r,ve 1 00 rolmds of ar:rr,mnition to e2ch g,m t/nt t:1.~,:- :12,d. . C-..,::_c:J "Cl'G cel1t on"; iL evor;;rc"1:i..;_1.::; naC:o rec1d:r . he Cle" S'"k1 co' 1e"1c ,;_ enci1:in.., ·\o the -rtc1hc i~ there n:1s "n:- jn :1err:'n~:, as he said; '1e tole" c cr.i. t' ..,t -[:; o~r Pust not cnmc 11 re no·: ·00 s-t,eal c"' il ·en; -~1r t tr T • -:1 te >-i1..,o·c'1::::r s ( t ·1 · • '.::"c>I:J.o c, lrc· cor,e hero '"'.:1r· ·culd ..'..'i"'1t 20::: J,'1c!l'.. - ·o ·_1,- r-c1-~cn me be.1.'cre ., p<i.ssed; no i:·cr:1S c,. 1S? • r li'3 c''J-~1 .., 1,-- 1 "t cl"":' l'i1C: ; tl-e trh~ co~l~ -et here . ·1.e ni;ht <' ';:::.rls ..::'"'tll r .'.:: other c1°i"l6 co f.Ge t 11.en ::;o; Jl't ,1ey ~i:-,.c~ .-1.ot·1~n; ·[;o ec':l:. nC: ~_-l:, "l1 1 - ')E', '----::tter "or t'1~ c'1il<:ren t.:1..,n J;,o st~,:r C: starve . I sc:- tc1.r2 f.:>.11 > J"G frorr' t11" e:~es on .. "la.ef't oJ: t:1 ·c.'A.r'"'e; 2. _;'.rl .'.'bo-r[; ten or t ·elve ye2.rs olr' o I 'c:..-::, h ".rt s··ck to see t:~_.n dr2.r-;'·cd fro7 t'1eir ho ,es -::,o "'J.._;CO e s~c..-v-eo to ·- 13 3(311*:- j lee.: • I sa-.·i ·'/1G 118C02S ·(,:,_r O .... t,he 'J.c""'r2 doh_; ~11 -~·1e;:., C'Jl'] • to 2. 1elor:>te -~:1c conc:.··t:•_on of ''.1·'.:; ""l·s,..,•~,:,'-,ln ·1~0·---l a I -, ...., '-' -~ • • • t,'· ..::: ··- . -::Oill" ti"':le ~_,,,te1· slav'"' t;." r'e , .::'o::.~ . ' ~~~·- · p~ :...-.wited to :::.n. Inrj~::i.:1 --crr':Ln • 11 '1en 2. I - i- ' .. 1-r··:;2' :i.h011: 1 ::...'"'t,J.. =') _,1"C.e~:s ~"·i}-- i--·cC: :1,-.c.r ·C,~;. .. 0·1:11: of -'·"'1 s·~=-,~ .> a"1'),1t tl18~,r J_o:111s; t/1ei1~ :1ail~ ·0:·_ed 11.,,1.,..ac exc:;pt ')Pel: ; -~',9 t,--o hur;'.J :-iC:.c co:JI.::mcecl t'10 _2jgl:t, bi-'U:tB:i.nn; e.:i.ch '/ r 11 rrt.~ ho1:-rj'1le j_•cte . -~ en~,t:1 one rell, ",Tien 0,10 0 '1~"' l'r~ends took 1ic pl·ce. '."w..s ·::>3;- ~:-n'.;:1t until the:r -11 ·ot 1 :,r f2.ces '.J"c.ly ·"..,'i ,ed . ot.'10r 1 r, <'.,°(. [' '1.CCS 1~1js e ...,_l'r~ ---~,- pu.lJ.. cC: '1 ~r ~lo"'.1. • r· ·:·;;ht_; he :19.d not )roceed.-:ir .:,r nm; r ::1.:·l1 co, :::nceC:. t'1c t 'J~~ c.:n o., 0·10 :t, ,.-: en '~c; .. ..,'> f~ ;l1t • ~:ri.,.S -~·10:r ~Ol: ~:rt, 11::-::,:i_l c'.:1 ·1~:rJ.::c ~.:-~e:..., sr11c.,o-rw 11; dr2s ;~_j]:·; 2.i1.C" h'""';.1..l:i.:.1'"; "1~:"' ~~')"i..11{ • '·l·e:- took .. '"C~S +'1.:.: :· ~-11i:i.l 2- "y::-:: d.J by nor ::'l'!'l') ·- 0 C'nce t:1e~- ,mdertook to crx s c.l'e r~ve:: .~ ·0'1 1e::.'; s'1e :,,.ve -;:,c t'10 sl~p r. ::.·2.n lPcl-:: 11,:,..,r ·,l1cr3 I ··•,ci~ s·02.r:C:~n • on -·-1~e b;:.~11: . >. e roac ·1ed 1-.~:cill 0·1.:t 1 1-- , ,.. nci .1C c P l:cG. ,,e ·C,a ~111 L1cr p r:h:lc" I c::.:·c" . fin,:, 0: ·'·'1" '7Trinr;:; p.'C"8!1"C'ccl '1i··meE n')r a !~nock do· "!1 . I tolC: ,_ --'TI. J. c":( no"~ ,-,.,:1·~ ·'.:,o r~ ;;:-.t . ·1e sa:i.cl I en . .L tol( !1:m J dj ( not r:r,r1 not / 1're ~l 1J.r' cl' , ,, -::, 0 -in ~=:.:··c: to ,.3t, o·rt, or ;t, -r.-'1G I . o_nf' It !]['SSGcl lL.!G.crst~r1cl_ jt o rjthout 2. b::.'rj"'ed -~cic,-, . 1 r ~~e:'.'s fon, • 1. i ·0·La 1 I,, f"'\ ..,t the t: 'v,,,1 : ,., :olin, chc:-.11 •n -::u.1'; ·0l1c ·, ·hole band x.1.d lmockin ; 01.:t c2.. 1e up, 1.llT~:l tL 1·e none l ,ft ·e,o Oj_)lJOsc :.ii~:, ·c:ce t:·e sq11":~ select ·e,he one -~ to c.rr..r; h:in. the,_r T e.1 :~ :;enerousJ.:r 1 ~ .•-" ·::-b,..,,1d. ~he :Jrefc::.·1·cd -J;-,-,,;-a-u...;'a--,.;,.....,_:"':~,::.~ ....;ecr-:.::.se t11~s 'ms cons:iC:.ered .i.'o:l pla;r, one o" his friends ·rent 1 • • • -~ 11:;:r -:11 cv . r10~1ced fi '" rGL1; 1:,-c so 10...1:.,.. ~1-1..ll c"'o :.:.) • . . :,l.~3 pi~c'lentnd a s~ --;ht e.: r·orn,· t'vt :..: c ~.rmot describe, t,'10 ·0 en C: d:~lr·ren h,:,..llno jn g &~ ccreri.m:L.'1·; t1i.::.·ovdn; L.re , aPhes , " -..-:1ippj1y• ,,'1e cr0; ·C:: ove:c -;:,1c :10::i.c.lD ···i·c.h lon'; st~ c-Ls . ". ·G 1 n ;th, h2.v~nr: )eaten 011- .-,·10·'.:,'1er 1. .n-::.jl ·:;'1. :· e:,:o t:i:::oc' , -~'·cy qu5t ; the 1·0 1"n '1c.C:. fc1.:.intcd . 'fhere 1-ro.s no appe2r2.nc8 of l~.:2e ::11 '1cr . lor· cs, '1ere ':..··o of t:.h ~, h· 1. l 1C:. J, .r ',.,, ~0 one o.f t1eir :;dci-:r:rep:Ei ·::.ore '18:,· b 1ckskin sl, · ·t tr.ey cr.'.,'.'r:ccled so1 t · o T t1~ off her, c.: pu_J_led r..nC::. ~0- 1rl:, o:ve:i.· -::-,·-~t 1.mt:'l -::,'icy-/ ···ore t:':redo le:,t on it . ~:1e 0ne o' tln 'aai11,'l.n·cc .,ot J·1c sk~.rc n.arr:i.-·.:3e TiO.S i1ot decided tlr.t i1i ·J::t. .L:1e ne::t. 1or·n~n--; l co,mtcd ~=·t1t . one hu..'1c:::cc( ti.~-;:, :.c'..<: 2.scen'oled .:o:c : -, 1 1 -· .L , _ - - 1 ' 0 -- I -1-"'- Zacob Hc··,olfo -;,-ent ·e-o t:1e d11:·_ef to rerionf'tr,te . I '.t ,_ ~rst :I\:tse::;c>.vit :insisted l!ot unt51 Jacob t.1.reatened t o tell t:le .,:1ite :'.!'2.t'12r all aoout it and :i.11s:;..sted t~1at jt .,_-ol'.lc. not be a pretty story, dli'd he promise to do sonethi.11::; to encl the a c w"t-o!:1 so lon; established. 1 y 7e'ora2.:;.•:sr 4, 1 II~-:-c ,, 1 Pr_5, /Se.nuel L1:i,..h-t, and Amos 'lhornton 2.rr::ved ±;i;i br:inc:-il1-: T-~,, --.J. ., V - , ,... e h"v~ been J_ b::>::.':in to co,.1plete the cl.2.n the p2st "·eek. -'-he missio"1.-?.r:Les ~- Piedcs too hold to,:;c-e-·,e1' c>.s ·c,he he~rt of one e brr=11-e, 'l d2~m 2..cross t,,13 ,r\,1·t-~ Gle.ra ~:.n ; t:1 , "-,--i1. . lc pr\ospors . 1 ej-:;'1t:r :i:'e9t lo1r, fo· rtcen feet l::'. r-;h C. foree feet ·0:1:'ck, of rock . .:e '1::i.d no '.:'to;ce 112.mncrs e::ce~)t 0110. old <1.xe ue _ot ol' · 11.e ::.·e-:. t',·'~ 1 ·e ere erc~'J1oC: to sn1··t t·y, sn2l l rocks . _>iedc::: . 1~~e . . -r:,rlc 1'h.c :'iede.. brot:,..·,1t -·~~1.er1 ta -~,:~ c ':"'lr:1 .. .-~ tl1 f1c 1:..{ba1 ro-..~ . prospo~s sre"tly. 1 ln spite o_ ·e-h:i.s enc01.r2.:;in~ nate , he ·;11~ote :1is real feeli.::-ic;s a fe--r d-"'.ys le.ter : .•• I feel 'Tc.teful to -Lr.c Lore, :or 10:-,lth C.: c,·e,rl:::.::;tv. to\,esu':rle .1y n.ission ; yet c.h ,re :is !1ot c. dew passes ov2r 'V hc2.d, h-:.1t t~1-1.t I consider j_t a .::;r,3at priv:'..lc;;e to ho.ve 2.11 ho·J.r to ;·1yself, -..'.1.ere -~·:ie 2iu:cos can:J.ot soc 1e: so ch2t : co.n re, .lize t 1e yo.sk of civilizin; this ~'oonle . 'ihe;y- o.:ro fo a very 10°:r, oc).thso ..:e t:.: :::'il·chy beyond des dc::;r:::tded conditipn indeed; cr:1;:Y01on o I !:.".Ve -.6 s 11ed f'l:>.n;r t:ines for the "l.Oment, thAt my l ot 1:2s ca, t .:i.r1onr; a :1ore cleanly p3ople 1 0 1 "rorked -·r:;th t'.1:, ~I:ivaj o anc the T-Iopi, bnt o.1-vrays hd.s cc1.ll:i.nz T-rio events this ye2.r built wns a ~ year. u;_:i his p~estige. T!c'.S ··,jth t:-ie L"J.r<5.2.11s o The f irst was the fact tha t this The stream dried up until it did not reach the fort ; the i r dam, built at such a cost was useless ; their crops were almost deadi. Tu tse c?;avi t demanded that he keep his promise that there would be food for t he Indians and urged that Hamblin do his 11 - poo gi 11 or ma gic or pray to his §ad to bring rain. 1 ) -6- Jacob reassured t he chief, feelin g that Cbd would sure l y honor the promises tha t had been made in His name in tl.is attempt to help His most unfor t unate children. His journal said only t hat "I was considera bly wrou Jht up inmy fee l ings. 11 fut the rain did come , the crops were saved, and the natives gave all the credit to Jacob , whose God would answer . Even more impressive to them was the case of Old Agarapoots, the angry Indian who wanted nothing of the Monnons or their ways . He came with his brav es and snarling, fri gh tening the women it, and At last in defiance he killed an ox, skinned xmirnl:rban:imx, Jti:m:IJl to the Sant a Clara and went about glowering and children . divide.a it among his band with no attempt at secrecy . Most of the settlers thought he should be punished; with him and his ways long enou 5h. of them declared . they had put up A s ound whipping would do him good , some Jacob insisted upon handling the mcltter in his own way, I which was to go to Agarapoots lodge and try to talk to him . The chief was surly, expressing only scorn for the Mormon poo gi . 11 You will make your own bad medicine , 11 Jacob told him. The next day Agarapoots little son was taken very ill, and in desperation Jacob, seein 5 that there was nG he sent for Jacob to pray the child better . hope for the boy, refused to "do his poogi," the boy died . and while they talked about i t , Now the chief swore that Mormon children would be sent to the % happy hunting ground to follow his son . , ~, v" ~v M,s--t,im.e Tutse gavit camellto beg /! Jacob to pra~ Agarapoots dead, vand when,roo .; the old chi~idid sicken and die , Tutsegavitwas all the more convinced of Jacob's power . Without arrows or lmife or gun he could kill those people who were evil and who worked a gainst 1 the white m~ Cbd . 1n.,....,<, More ffective in the long run were the rules which Jacob adopted in his dealings with the Indians. They were : their comprehension; Never t alk to them of things beyond listen to them patiently and try to understand their .,. I -7- point of view; -- never laugh at them, no matter how ridiculous their ideas are; always keep your word to them; never take advantage of them in a trade . Yet there were ti.mes wlien he must be firm with them, as this incident shows : As yet they have not st~len anythinJ from us . It is surprisin 6 to me that ttey heve not ; for the house has been left for weeks (without a lock on the door) , with many thin,:;s in it to tempt poor miserable souls like this to steal yet they have not . Some fev1 of them have attempted insults , or to run over us in the house, which I ,·10uld not allow . I jerked one , cuffed another, and told the third to fbO out of doors ; he said he '·!Ould not. So I l ed him out by the hair of the head, & took my foot from hfus seat of honor, "vhich 5ave him to t,.ink I meant what I said. The next day I vias two or three miles from home on horseback . I sa,,J him comin~ on the run with a gun in his hand . I turned my horse about to meet him; asked him ,.·hat he wanted ; 0 nothing only walking said he, & svepped into the trail behind me and turned back . Not liking his nifrnoevure , I turned my horse about, told him to take the trail &--;o ahead, '11hich he did for about a mile. He then said he wanted to tt1rn off to visit some other lod 5es . I told him to go ahead keepin3 my e ,e on him for a while • .•. The Indian mission took on a new outlook wi tl1 the comin.:; of the families . "September 11, 1855, I started for Sant.a Clara wiittr Oscar Hamblin my brother, & Dudley Leavitt & our familie s. Ie arrived there the 18th of October . 11 were almost overjoyed to see our women and children . with our Red friends , " They We had many good talks Jacob wrote . In 1870 Hamblin was called to Kanab to use his influence to control the radin 5 Navajos. l:'rom tr.ere he worked his way to ,he Upper P2ria, and across the Colorado to the Indian nations + r ~re . tl:e Lamanites , " As official "Apes tle to he :nust. .,o ··Lerever ""here was potential trouble . 1 When he died in 1886 , it would seem thcJ t his life was a failure, for he left his fa!Tlilies so poorly provided for that an article in t he De eeret News solicited con~ributions for &he support of his children . fut time has added to ' he stature of this man un -1:.il now he is known as one whose con tri bu tion is mos":- perrnanent . V .ue rorked and to lerence and l ove . J. or peace ,n. th the tools o.f peace--with unders tal'lding IIH JACOB Of all tl1e men c2.lled to the Douthern Inc'~-<..,.n }"iss ion, only one , Joco:J lb.r1blin, took the ass':,:nment so .sorfol sly th2.t he 1112.de it 1-i.:is life 1 s Forko 1 ris sh,tdow stH1 f.?lls 2.cross the ·)arren uastes ; le~ends of his honesty persict jn the Indian tribes tbrou6 hout southern Ltah and northern ,'l_rizona . It has been said of him that., 2.lone c".nd s ingle- handod., '1e did nore to maintain peace oet~·,een "i:,he races ·i:,h2.n all t>e 2.r--1jes ·t:12.t ever 1ne.rc'1od into it o to t'1e LD'.oianites , n [noTm fj11A.lly o.s 1!A:9ostle he lived among the Indians nntil he coulci co:nm:unicate nith them i)erfectly. "n'e joi:in ed the r ornon c:rnr ch ,A.. " and follo,red ·i:,he fortunes of the ~32ints fron ::auvoo, across Iowa, and to :·inter '.uarters . UU(9\..1-i" t\. -1,p tfJ1, L I '~ 1.,lci.~ ~ I-~ore his .T:tSe refused to go on into the unlmorm nest m?l~ 1 \ .lett~'t' ~h:i.m ,:Tith folir children, the younc;cst just learnjll[; to nalk . ears, ,!' A few months lat:~ Jac ob ne.rried Rc:chel Judd ;,nd tocether they came to Salt Lake valley irl 113.50, ... ]ere Jac ob Tras m2.r~.o c aptain of a posse sent to re c over stolen c2ttle ,,,nd to plinish the 111P.raudjn3: Indians . He found the~.mp just before dayl:i";ht on a snoTiy nornin:.;, and hRd his posse char~e it, cntc11ii'Y; the braves t6t 2.lly b~T surprise . At the si.<:;ht of tl1e frir;htened, runn:i11:::; nomen mv1, te:crorized childr en., Jacob 1,:"-,f1,tA a..t [;\. ordered his men not to shoot . Eis su:Jeriors 2.t hone -·;ere not pleased ·.r:lth 2nd l!V conde'·med :1im so vigo:gously that ho 1rent into tho mouffc2.ins after wood anc111 ri. . fe17 _,I rt days of solitv.de o IIere he received ,:l1at 'le t'.1ou";ht i:ms D:ivine 2:p,proval of :,.is . . e tl.nt .:.cT,' ions an d a promis . J.11 T~..=.,·: t'1irst for t~rnir bl ood, Jc,~:.o;,- 'n.is . Clea ' 1 J.n,3-, . S ,7i. th ·cne '' I n d :1.ans, . " 1 on::; as you do no t rt,Jo Jl• : ~·T 11_v· c \~ r:=1c Tt.: ,: -~r,~~ 1v : . 1t lil.Qi; a v:: ~~-fi.o;~r t.o.,..ta) e ~ '3::if,e ~11 ~TT -:.:ecur e in this pro1ise, he moved ~ilSs lf m., he +rn-@u Thi 1 ~.J 0 '½>-Ct., a:11011:; { (' :-. them,../~~·chout feo;;,t 1T1r hwsJ? oi b ,.cl t:: Hm dd 1. 0 U"ftd ·;si;,,a·;; =ftis-14:fez ,mu.l& be sr:22 !Hi the ac c01.111ts for klix dedic'ltion rr:1:'.ch made hj_m put all h:is private interests sec ond to his mission of pea c e to tho Indians . 'I'he excerpt 1;11ich f 01101:rs begins in the middle of a sentence bec2.us e the first tvro pP. ;es of tho orir;i..rml are missing, but actually it follows a ft er \.Lh , e Br ovm exc erp"L, L . . o.f ·e,Jne., ' . ----h . ,,cz::r,2.ny,1r3~urne ~.d..., d ic h prec e d.e r. i.,:m pomt, JThe mam h . Tr leavin~ J2.cob IIat1blin 2.nd ·,:Hliam Henefer., .-aml theA ,,;:t:;u;:.t sd:b.ac 1\:± o trectly who ihi;y.,rl -~1,"'; f/!?;J/w..i rair:!:6ffC ~ 1,m:l;4J. ?f4· ·o ..,., C, f all -~'. 1')Se cnJ.lec. ·'.:.o t e L out',crn InC:i&n ti:i..ssion , only one tnt>.n still toolc t'1e 2.Ds~run ent so serfous ly :.: c.t ·10 r.1.ac:e it his l:i'e ' s ·-mrlc. Eis ::;r:v:oTr : n: xm.s:m:toxs1;m1rcl:d1:~·11..:u•mmi::tJJb1lr:i -~x- ~,:rncr:wk 1::rm.~,,:L.--tw:'"7Imitm:u:s: v: s :it } the 1 ~ / n i r fro,1U.e the k OQc pnr-h2d :10 2R ,nc.s l Ce:L'i1 .. ef · ·r, f ~.11s .'.1.Crors :.,· 7 :i..sol~ted n;;_'P.rs r' 1 ere sr"'J.l :rnC:::i~.n iJ""1CS ho.d t'l-ieir •'10 iel2.nds • v~ Sjnce the Eormon Ghm'ch ··,2-s fnunded, jt,s le.ci.ders h2.ve had an especial :u1terest :iJ.1 t:1e Ind:i;:1,ns o 'l'hefr look of :'0TI.1on, accerrted as scripture ~)Y all the fr;.:ithful , tells the st--:ry of t11e oricjn o-f' the Av1er:ic2n Indi~n, decl2res that t11ey are of t:1e 11 blood. of Israel, n and. holds 01.,t the prom:ise ·c.:12.t t:1ey sl1all yet become a vhite and dclj ;:1tsor,1e people . 'l he fulfHlnent of t::is promise lny in 1 po.rt in their tak:iJ.1::; on the nays of civHiz:,:,.tj on and becomin~ me•1.bers of tl1e 'l"or:ion l:i.i C!~1.1rch ..-. H L$J.,,-,.ns ;or proslyt:in,; an1ong t',em~rer.e/.en.rly:. Youn-; h,c1.d other rersons 2.iso for a r;re-i.t :iJ1l~.11d J-' est2.'!Jlis 1in'.; frienclly relations ·with t'1e Indir>ns o ':'he drec.:r:. o: /x:FI. et1p fre,J' the ~.~. 1 hope of establis 1ii.1J a self- sustafoinr-; societ:r w: 0 :icl: ,-ro11 ld be .2 of God u ·on the earth, derw.nded that there be an openin:; to the nc:__L J_c Ocean, I\ to the ~s-~ Je Co2st Dnd tr.at converts r,nd the:ir e;oods :1.i[;ht travel by rra te r :ir:iarn:ttmm~rrJ1'1E!JimiD , c.,<. > y II J t l,t- ii J. !- t, thiis cut t.bo long g:r.rerle.R:e!. "o! i p i;h.ro1.1-3 h---11efleLIJ II bu r it Q;i,~y. _. la:rge compa.ny of As soon as the f jrst/saints ~rere settled in the v2.lley of t~1c ~reat :J;:-1 t 12.ke , Jrj_g:12.r.1 Yo 1 -:.1Y; sel1t explorjn~; pm·ties in every d::.rection to detel":iine the location of uater o.nd su:'.table s:ites for settleinent o ch rr;e -;ere to 'Jecoyie .?.cc-1:cainted -Tith the natives -P :>J.~ relaLfons since 11 ""v- «J.. o: Jn every c'"'.se those in ·c.li.e area and set ,-1.p fJ:-:;endly ,.h _,. ,. · ... if is cheaper to feed them th2n to ~~:::;ht them. n ., to secure Inc1~ai1 child:cen ::i:n,-v..nxEUIB ,;;ho nir:;ht o~herrr:iae be t~:.ii::n:tN the c11rre11t sb.ve trade into ..cexico, and inste2.d of ~.ml::ilY; th'3r.: slaves , ~ \l !' ' cloth::11g, 2.nd shelter~ -eftei teeeh:il"l , them t:;:.)' were also ·se t;-§4 s -.. them food, kie gr01:ps of miss~o:1arjes '"rore scmt out 4r1 cU.fferent establisl,ed , on the ani:,"'. Clctra Creek in Ciouthern U'tah~ 'I'1ern yo1 n~ r,en received t'.1eir cc>.ll c.1:t t:1e (ktobzr conferoYice of '.\ ·anty- five nen repm·ation. /'i::Pq. left on _.8.12.rH 11.+ in a uar;on train of ten ( :/01 milli: t11ey rlrove n herd o. i·;hich ·;;ere 6:ce:1,n bJ0 horses or ::mles 2.n0. t-r;o by ox tee s ./ ~m::.:a:::;:;1 o.i.' 1 landed ,/ th flom· and otlier ·,rov:isions and toola; EE.ci:r,::rimr:rx::mxs. .::,;.on ; tl e:-:i - -ere n:in:eteen guns end fu l l :>.mmuni'c. ion -,rith ,.hich t 1oy n-: ri;ht supply tlie :Ir !'lea 1 ot::11:)rs ,rere still in t,' .eir teens, and D.11 but tTro of t 11ose re ain:i~1c.; , ere in t,'1cd.1"' 0 2- t:-1e ::.·ecordc r, ci h,.,re :.o/' .101Tu.1.s c,::,icc_rne t r:oc ~:1e • .an ' ith 1;i1om '·e "l'e • ""'r01·m, nho t,l/ a fresiden t il.1 -;:·1s "cvcrit:ic s 1 <'u.01;,6r.t in >~lt I, 0 ke C:ity. e:rcs t:1.,t i;e viG 0 • t·1e Iadi.ans o.:: t:1e OJ.'e2., perhc1.ps ·,re S"OD.lci l:no·.: "'Ttore oi' 11:im. ('Ce-;fuer He -.; r: ') irn Ste~m.rt on, :in/ilyrsi1 :i.ro, ccot.1.--ind, 16, 1807, <' c· "..:la:r_:y'e,::zed sur;r;est ~_;_1 the 2:C :vern"1ent pru t'1e f -r>"m/er"c·.L•() ·, •• ':,,) J. . .for :LQ0 p2.SS.'.'.'~e '30DC Islrmc. to of • o·"' .l. ·1 ~,.,,,.,.,. .. J..i. u trans::io rt t: on .;:or • ore."!\ c'inv•:-:;.'ts , nc." t'1e 'ro·.:n -,;;,_r- ~ ~ d . :in "1.l·~-, r id.c of ·i:,: 1e ens t::~ot, ,1e"r t:1e :-dn 0:1/ rYJ:1·0 e.stcbl:i2' t~le •1e::.•c,-,11 11;:," 1 "i:'2 ~e r ,, 'i • :r')1711 :;_•oom. rs 11 i,e- e~ .. v _. nn.., l' ,. on ~.,.J.. I,. ..) ' L, 0 1 -r;:,- of :U1 1856, /'l.'."" .. ,, I .3.lso ..,art Br·1 c"::;er, t ·o h1mdroC:. 'Ci.' U.'C, /1 <' ac.· l'" ~-d ia ,lde1· /',r vrv'- e .,,,... .. L l.1..., 1·en ~11·~ ~ro . ., J" ,)!'ed· '.--." ' r·,;·,,:;:~:=;,,..._::;_7'o~-""""' ••OJ ~1 (, p , :ics iJ :: : 'Y""ll "!D:r t. J_i:: '"L-CCI' r n >•' ••c ''.Val 3- fr~ ct:i_,..mf! ·;/1 :i ch 2.::..~ose fro'l t'1em-- in s'10;:t, he tells c. vivj c: Ecnd eloqr'.ent st017 of of Lore i,rtpo:i.~t2.nt t:.1"n 211:rt:,:1:Ln:; e1f'e _, perh2.ps , are his pcm pict:r:.res ) . .e s1. -:;gested at one time th2t, ,rords f::lilinci; hi··•, 1-:.e trj_ed t~"IG 1 ns1 _1t :r,ri:rlnN is no-t with il~ cm.D.1c j_)eace ,hite ~.2.nto sLetc 11 the cccne of 2,11 Inc _-Jle :.mpressio n . 1) 1 J.t his --;rnrc's 108.·-e 2.n :lnde_~ t 11 e rec or c, / i~iµj.rdJ.l: '.RW:Illm:D::rm:mc:1.."ti]-.-t\ wn:s: 1-0...f'1z:11:drn;;i!inrlici.JI!iD~-Z1:bn.-e:1xrrar.e:--c:dinn:,,~:i: rnix ·0he "1p;Ji,.:ives t·10r1oelve s . lthe 1 , 1 1 1 1 b:m:Lllm s.i1xt.nrdxmmi..~thr.i.i.'"brnc-:lrnnmxrur 1:i:rlrtmtl.j:bjtm_yji_.,~~1m e~~ofr'ai:n I ), .,~ - 1 - .lh3 l tG.h · t2te r~1::rcoric:i.l \oc iet:r 10 ,es to p11.blish t:1e r~1ole jo1U"i1:i.l,. 1 ··1en cc."1e t:-i liv <'lnon~; t'1em. -1 l' :· ::r::1d:' 2n /ml 1 6, oo --i:._~:ttes .:icler , tr, ·1( j no ··1ore 01' :us not :Occ~ . business stof lr:tct ; . n in · ,he /"> -.-,:1 t'.1. r ~.-,-ion i c:rn.icl1 . J 0 :'."o ·n -·, 1~ 1~7h 1J . ·as still csrqin:; cnd ues ac·civ \ ' 'G,le Libernl F 0 rtJ" in poUtic 0 V ::'12T'l 011 '.1js dh:l /)14A ~"'-- l/_-~-~ / !J?.om ~roryper, a J.c1.nky n;Lnet3en- yor>.r-old, lrid been sent to ,.._r~ve ) ck to r~anesvjlle to deJ-'.ver a lo".d of co•:~ton c1.nd to haul. o,ck a lo-"d mother frei --:ht . ad r··tted l1:iJ'1 u-., ith a ho 1e-7noe str~-v; h~t anc' 1 0" 2 2. tec1m ,.,:n:.2ch i.rell- cDrefully fol~ed until he s:v, ,1c::. re2.ch the c :5 o • J.V,... vvc _;.__ ,._'I,, 1en the Y."2.~on trn-·'1Aia@:•zehGF' its cies·::.~nr-t:i0n, 1 "P, co--....bed his h.:,:i.r, chanr:ed all :1:1s clot:1.i'l. ,""'-CL clonned :iis ne·;- p"'.nts . 1 • t h:i.s 1.:a:;on, he i.·as stopped t;y t,ro prospL;rous -1".)ol:i..'1.::; men ., :s:t:m:rtr:mhn..k..r:nn 's·he 1 h,:;re did you et ti1ose p:c .nts? ·r one of then ,, fll-:ed . "Dld ymJr the ot:. ,:' ~,1t in o 11 ±-±±-t7,:;=t:,-1'+-?-&/1.~.y12. r.1:1.Le them? 11 11 .. 1 21-i~ Tom looked dorm 2.t the ,;ello-.-r~ 1 )f the ''I SI)0"lwr .. tt't C.. ?' f, \.. 'u• <J g'1~}e.1 :rl,J,'...dyed p.:i.crcs , His acln:i.ss :i_on ., ,,'s a muffled, ";i:os o 11 'lddod the lovinr--; '1r-nds ;,.t home , 11 the f :i,:-st t::. 0., 1 1 111 tell you ,ll,,;,-t, I 'll do . l~ttle too big, too . 1 111 °{-'ve you If cl "SS:f p::i.fr o .. \ buck::;Jdn pants for them, l'eal busl:skin, l:Urn o.11 the Yrcsterne1's are --eD.rin'~ no-·,. 1hey 1 ll fit :·ou to a 1 r, ,'O j_nto to·m like a you can ".n renl n'-1.n . 11 new p,,n-c,s , 2.nd toss t~1e--:i O"'G to the stran-·cr. 7:·1ore no doubt r bo... -::, _-c ; his 'T2.s nen p nt::: di{'; fjt the strc1.:1,;or to r- ':., 1.nri. that --;-,rthy, ,c,_ftor a<t-nfr~.a:; h:::nself I briefly, tossed a ::_-i;:,.rr o" buclrnli:in pnnts 1rcl':: under t:1e ,-r.:. ;on c ovor .:mr' - .,.,, lked 'lo:crcBs 1 Ton pulled on the ... tiff '.::lucksldns . His long s.1hs stuck I belo·..· ·.__hem c1.nd the ouJ.,~es .r ore tho for 1er -.-re2rer s lmeAs he.cl \.,_t b"39n stucl. out 1~ e.,oj-; ,w.rts , six iaches abcv.:e •,i1ere t' ~Y chonlC:. li2ve 'uoen o out, & ,' 2 & _· '.".O!,- r:e could never ~-rear t 10::::0 pents , never L Too old to cry 1.nd t ~ ;:/otm':; to fj_r~ht , he sat in ;rim dosp.2.jr . lhon he hod :cn idea . c'ontrnl C8J;1l) • --0c,1c.i.1.::; up ,1:Ls T • I , 'l,.. • • 2nd stopped b-::side ·t.he ro2.c:1. lGadfo · re:::t o tho•11 into 1.miforn lc·n ·'i.,hs . J.:1011 he pulled 2.-;c1y "ron ::.he 'l'.'oT:1 the brnJ:::s of the he cut those -::iucksldn po.nts into l on, , n::i.rro'\-r / ·.strips, so,1.ked t:10n j_1 ',is 0r0.ss ·-;-·00r '.:mckot -,·-1.d t~Jd. nr; e:~ht strands , ~ter ho 11~ - ·:;_~a·'r'cd 1i:'1:s''ec. .L'rree TT~1ips '1e put a ( ~v) l:,,rg0 sign on his nagon,) Tr;::,3 'CR SAIL, and he nas in business . 'Ihe ,;es torn l_ ..,2:-QO_""~.CH eini.r;re.tion "eras on; ·::'1ips -rrere in de,.,nnd . "rom tr1?t pair of buckski_0_ n2nts he r1-,,c~e ten ·-.hips • .·ith trenty c:oll:o.rs jn his pockets , he a 1aen 1 s clothil1[?; store . into the, city and found Suits vcere selljnz at t _·-elve ci.ollars each, shoes at 0 tno dollars , and other apparel in pro-oortior~ so that Tom car1e out of the store ~tf-t1,, ~tr..lJ ,"'- ., el rL il1 a complete new outfit, change enon.-;h left to bu;r trinks:bs for his youn3er ll l)rot:,ers :me: sisters at home . As he neared the ca"';lp, he recor;nized his home- made pants • • 11 h.l.1er e did you get t:1at outfit? 11 - -- ntno -r,ants to knon?n the ,·;earer asked in s;.1rprise . Tom retorted . 11 I traded my bueksk:Ln pants ·"or it . n .Keu ..:mo~ 8l.\".l- qo ..mqo _:_n CT r, I,D :-ou l:i c·crn to '1in, ,2.n, a. a ''111 .; 1 , c, ,.c..n noe, ""nci he nc1lk3 ·c11c 'Y..Tn:inr; :J'.'ncl ithout a drv.p o1 'T2.tcr .••• 11 tr Jon I t Ti.c ~1 ' s I ,-, c. ,.,.,X:,; ..-vi'- _._ l:~ s , ·:; JS sn° ii! ., t'1irst-crc:.zed y;anc's,re/l., '" 0 ·1. t:1e desert. ' -'-he man he;,_dod for a d:i..sta..11t mirage, ·;n.1ile the hi~h- pitched, repeated call of 11 nter1 11 :is like t~1e lo.st e cho ...of' i~~i,c1 d.::icar of fc1.ci:i.:1r hope . In c111 p~.rts of t.1 is cese;:-t area :.it ,-r;,,s the s;:1.ne . ·co 1-ic ~12,n plodd:i11.r; team nust lmo·;: ·,11.ore the H' he expr'cteci to S"..J:•vi-re . t.1e next spr ·i11r, Ai? · 1143ilfca:r:1hexnnmrt ~71.tL a lon - on horse or ,..,mle ·)nck, the r.nd -rrn.ter pocl:cts ,;ere / ho-.·: far r ;-'18.Il driving 2. ·1b b€;r-fca-rJ ·•}:i:,h .-lt, jJn)Jre ,n.,,_·i:,ed ···jth u.lmli, or ~.i l.l.-"'t~ V ,. _,,_ \,v""C' ;:,:.1..ive ---jt:1 1-ri~~).ers,.:ll;"";i@""'-'"'b-.li::E.p:A. .-1:, ··,,-,,-1c:111 s,2veAl:ife . ':Cm;r sto:::-j:oa co :e to us x;::::i,ar,..,:::-.ilbxh:Ji::rm-: of ~ V t st,,rt"c' o·lt -e,'1:'.nki1y· 'Tµo/~1± t·~y hc1d <'- -.-,elJ - 1:rrl:cd trail, ··•jth est2bl:i '1cd ·c--:.ter:i.1F; pl"ccs ., to fine' thc1t-bcc 2. sc t'1·'s 1<1c 1 r,r;nn <' r:r yoe>r, or boc['."':Jo tho se<1s0n Cne ouch Gtory is tole: b:, t 'O "'lcn of ·::,_ e S" ,e :::rrt:r. ._·:1:.t 1.~J:0 1,5Q 'l''1e:· 're] l,~t ·';f t'1e dese1·t, c":;snppo:i11.ted Al,l, ::,:ixtcen uen , ·01.1.ld at ~very pl·,ce 1.mtil it looked 2.s j.f ~c'10 -T·o:·1 c c3,pert:• d:Le of C::i;y :in ..1.: ;...:st/to ta:·e t . . J.rst . Oliver :. . 2. sho:!:t--cut .'.:,i~o·. runt in, ·on, ch, ruide.J · ::.~ote: : cnul' r,o ;.10 fl.:1rt,wr rolled oZ-S: r4 mule ,:md fell ['.sleep o.s a·-roke f'tru-,.,.Ln~ .::'or br8ath <'.1.nd . soon ~.s ~.- '1~t the 0_;:.·ounc', 2 . 1c. C soon ;-,s I co· ld spoo.k s.:1: · "1::.1 s·cce 1C:.:inr· or 1~:r~"'l .'.'lro1nc' 1e . ,}1en i.,he J t olcl. ~';e"l to bleeC:. ;:,. 1.1orse 2.nc' ·jve -:i.e -t,'1e blood . .,1ere is -t.r..~ pl "Ce to horse •me cord::cC: the n1.1.es-c,: ,n ,-.:is as 1 ~ed stict h:in, <>nd j:::, :is G.'.'.id t'1nt I stucl: n~r ..":in::cr ::n -~:rn sa.1d 11 t'1cre . 11 P':lr' s2:id 1 \.11 'TY f<'.1.C\l:::_-:,fos seemed drfod. "....:.0 • 11 a cantee::1 in ~nd saw one 1 '·e "Sut ls'Jn ·;o:1ovcr, .::'ctr;r capt:1.::.n oi t 1 e r;roupf;1~ote o.:: :1.~c ex~•8r:once leP.r, ·tter--2 -=: ool 1 -·-u C/:)amec~ ·'G"°· 1"+u T_ •1,.,r" 11°,reo• -'l-,::i•. _ _..,\ :.. .. c... 11 •1 - -i._ u. .... •11-~ fl ,,,a.0 c' L:.J..c -Tith ci_ '1:1 1:f 0~ellon of -rater . fo ·n:· -hole l:L e t1.sted F,!.1~,..-~•::: n h<'l.lf so :;ooo.. I roce ~1:r 1-ior' e r~ ~·rt, into the - e. ·,er e~1c co 'Ylencod dr:L11.kin:.:; t>ep :)er~'l.11 -::,·12•oy;j11 -,.-2,ter Ol1 n~rsel: 211r' h'.)rse . -'-h"t helped to q_uenc 11 )UT thj_rst . i~ 1... 1. 1 ..,..,__... 0 nI ·c: Em t·.·rned n_ horse loose :·nr" ::,,-_rnec1 ·1:,.. ",t,tention ·00 :,ha 8t11-::rs as th 0,u" C":l'lt3 P-P • - .hen t:10;7 'Je::;;-·.n ·co c-:.."c·~•1k, ::: ~-oul( t>ro:-r ··cater on -::,te 1n. ~a\.7 8 ';,;::L,:.~_8ld ca'le rp . :1C be '7!1 c"'.r~~nl:=:11~; . I "f'FS r:;1:in~ to r~,1ro~.:- sor-:=.. --~-ater ?t0r on ··m, I ·:dll shoot, you . 11 :1 .Lf :·-0-;_1 t'·:::-o" on him -.r'1en he turned 2.nd sa:id, ,,.-.'i.:y·, QaiTe , yol1-.~_'"-il]_ lctll :r1"0 ~.l'\'.:"8~:~ . it - 1 19.l1___ ,1ed 1.:nd sa:Lcl, 1 c.o~ 1!11..:: s:, :~ d . 11 .1.t j_s none of :·ou:.-· buf' jness j ] I Yio c:.rank 1..1..·1:til '1 e c J'!.1ld drink no 11ore, then ·0urncd 211c:_ c:c·a·rlod on ·i,he _ground. Oh, the pa:L11. I called one of the bo s to co ~e and help -~1e drat:; him to the hill.; h3 -,2.s in . We each took a leg and started up the bank, then the water commenced running out of his mouth like uater rurn1:L11.e; out of a hole in a barrel. IIe c alled out for more nater and I went and :sot hj.m a qun.rt., which he drank . :.,,,Jt:m::hui nyou h2.ve nearly kill ed yo1..1rself once now ••• , n I 6 ot l'l'is blanket off the horse and spnead it out and lay him on it o 11e la:i.d i11 the s;1c1de of a ced2.r, ·.ho:ce he ID.id lDm a dog all ni ·ht. J\.ft ,r thi"l_l he ,as 2.11 ~cighi I said, ]ow ei:"ls H ·c1s on ·b:t-.., horse t clear th,...t t.he:r Tiust h2.ve food, so they d.ec:ided. to kill ·'•1."t 1:w.s not 2.ble to make :it ·Go ,-;-ater . i he cook had r~dxed up a th:in r:rush of the last of t:1eir flour, v.nc' t/1ey t 11ren pieces of cteak on the co.::.ls o '1 'he i1ext im~1ort.:-,.nt c1,,ty uas to provide a vray to ceTr;r 'Tater alons r.began ny prep"'ra·e,ions i"tS soon :cs the horse -.ras opened to 1Jrevont another drouth ; by clec:-.ns 5n".: all the s1112.l l '?7-1ts . I cut t'1e1;1 in links e"-:io·d 2 feet lone: anC: fiJJ.::d ·ch"lm wjth uater, tied both end,s toget·wr -i.no. hi. t'1is TTay took 8 or 10 zallons Tith us bos :i.des all t:1.e canteens full. 1 by ~:'vin::; it a linlc- full of Fater. t'.1e horse ~Tanclered into ·:·,'10 c2..·1p of sor,1e 1011 --,~.o . -ore c:i:.; ·i!1 ~9,,_ver :JP.'n. ·rc1.sh. ~- jderless , [!;Gr' ; ·e,h only a ro""le on j ·' s neck, ? , ·ell on ~'le u ,p0 r :ed . °fu(~ ~~{~}~i~~:c~t;t1~,?~~1c '11ft c ,l:ld :,:1ey do---··: th no l·:x .'..,c:..· .:'or .-1s c_lt' t'1e ':io~r ,,rl:f c0 'i':in c:Y: no tools" to ,.. ~( v. . . .._)eerr. '-'uch =:nsLa:1ces IT'.ke the lo1'G of ·e,11.e dos~rt nLjfe I s f·;rst necoss:::_t,y: l~.fe I s r:;re.:'.tost luxury: [ d~ ··-<'.tor Cle2.r, cold ·-rater. n •,j le Jacob Hamblin 'I I\. ) • \J,.,' knife and filled some of the women's baskets with wheat head. this rather diverted them; they said if they had a big knife they could soon gather their wheat. The next day thei ~ dam which they had I helped across the stream for irrigating purposes broke away. them to repair it. rt ;lst, We started for Harmony very hot weather== scorching winds from the Desert at sundown--struck the river. Henifer would not camp. Bro I told him I was afraid we would see trouble . I followed--it was sundown; if we went on; he would not stop. the burning sands under our feet & the scorching winds on our back; our mouths were soon parched with thirst. Bro. Henifer stopt and asked what we should do--he said he had lost the trail, and he was afraid we would have to lie in the hot sands all night. could not do that without extreme suffering. I told him we I told him I would try to follow the trail, but there was none to follow, nothing but burning sands all around. I went on near half a mile; came to a spot of grass; saw the trail went through it. it. I went on the course the good Spirit directed. off one of my Mocasins. pears. foot. I was surprised to see I stopped & I lost the sole -s~? Twice I s'tept into a bed of pricklyy removed dozens of them from the bottom of my I was fortunate enough to find them all, dark as it was. We continued our course until we came to the descent of the river which was 2 or 300 feet down; we hunted our way through the rocks until we came to the river bottom where the trail was plain to be seen. I then was left to myself. about 11 o'clock in the mo r ning. We crossed the River, camped Bro. Henifer said we must have -2- been protected by a guardian Angel or we could never have come safely down such a place. 22nd We went on about 2 miles, came to Toker, a Piede we saw when we were going down; he was watering corn. He said he was very hungry; had not eaten anything but a few Lizards I was glad to find I could understand him so well, only gone¢ 3 weeks from Harmony; we gave him all the flour we had. 23rd, Arrived at Harmony all right. July 3rd. Started with Piedes on to the Mountains East of Harmony on a hunt; game very scarce. in the ditch. Returned the 10th; water dried up Moved 4 miles to a good spring. others returned from a visit to the Indians 17th Met in Council. 16th, Bro. Allen & SouthEast of Parowan As the weather was very hot in the South, we agreed it would be best for the Brethren that was under the necessity of going home, should go and arrange their affairs return; be ready to go South when the weather got cooler. Started for home; had a prosperous journey/ . & 18th, I reached home the 26th. I found my family all well, for which I felt very thankful to my Father in Heaven ""'---- ~-------s. December 10th, I started for the Clara. The second night after we started, we camped near the River; found some Piedes hunting; they were much pleased to see us. I told them that we had come to stay with them now & teach them how to build houses & raise grain: pleas_ed them very much. this They left theiY hunt and went home with us to -3- The Chief was their lodges or wickeups, as they call them. much pleased to see us; he wants us to camp near his wickeup; The next day the Piedes were much alarmed. we did so. They said that the Utahs were coming to steal their children that The -Chief wanted to know if we would fight for them if the night. Utahs should come to steal their children. Hardy & Haskell, all that were with me. fi~ht for them if it was necessary. I counseled with Bro. I then told him we would I then let them have 100 rounds of ammunition to each gun that they had. and everything made ready. Spies were sent out The Old Chief commenced Preaching to the Utahs if there was any in hearing, as he said; he told them that they must not come here now to steal children; that their white brothers, (the Mormons)) had come here and would fight for them. --- He then came and told me to lie down and not sleep sound; he would awaken me before the Utahs could get here. The night passed; no Utahs came. / - He stayed with the Piedes· eight or ten days; bought three girls of the Tonaquints, (as they call themselves after the Indian name of the stream,) he gave one horse and two guns. Tonaquints bought of a more distant tribe. them for Sanpitch gave one gun for the two. the girls father & Two of them the The Indians bhat got The Indian said that Mother cried to see them go; but they had nothing to eat and it would be better for the children than to stay & starve. I saw the tears fall fast from the eyes of the oldest of the three; a girl about ten or twelve years old. I felt heart sick to see them dragged from their homes to become slaves to the Gentiles. -4- I saw the necessity of the Elders doing all they could to ameliorate the condition of this miserable people. And the next day I went to Parowan in search of a young squaw an Indian had stolen from Tonaquint. t I went to Walker's tent, had a good talk with him; took Christmas supper at Bro Judd's. Q Went back to Walker's tent; he said he knew nothing of the squaw; he had tried to find out what they had done with her. the Piede camps and inquired for her. her. I visited all if- They said they knew nothing of I then told the Chief I wanted him to tell me where she was and not lie; he then said the Piedes had sold her to the Utahs unknown to Walker & they had taken her away. Juanary 1st 1855. Returned to Harmon0 Bro Peter Shirts son was married, he invited all the Missionaries that had no women to supper; we all As my attended; good supper was prepared; dancing after supper. health was bad I was obliged to stay in Harmony till the 11th. During this time the Utahs killed a cow in Harmony; the Setlers felt indignant; some wanted to fight. ,,..l I' Some of the Missionaries went after him (teem?}; overtook them on the Santa Clara; had a good talk with them. They promise to come and pay for the cow; when they returned, they turned out a horse to pay for the debt; then started to drive the horse off with them. J. D. Lee called on the Brethren to go with their guns horses back. So we went & & Bro. fetch the overtook them, they offered us their hands; Bro. Lee refused, this raised an excitement; the Piedes gathered around us, two to one of us, some of the boys got much alarmed; Bro Lee gave them a shirt and they left the horse.11th. Bro. Ira -5Hatch & I left for the Tonaquint station; we were overtaken by a Piede that wanted to fight for the Utahs the day before. He said he was going two days travel to the East in search of I thought •• / • • his squaw that had run away. We were invited to an Indian wedding. left before the hour set for the ceremony. The intended bride When a Piede squaw is old enough to marry, there is from six to twenty wanting her for a wife: so they get together, & fight for her, until they are all whipt but one; he takes the bride. I visited eight or ten lodges. The Shief of this small band has been forced to sell his only daughter a few says before by the utahs. When I entered his lodge he gave me his hand, & said I no talk; I am sick & sore. daughters died last summer, & to keep them from fighting us. Utahs if I could. One of my I had to sell the other to the Utahs I told him I would buy her of the This pleased him. He said if I would buy her & bring her to the Tonaquint, they would be very glad to see her once more. The next day a tall, fine looking Indian came to see us. said he was a Moapah; he came to see his white brethren. He He said in time past he killed white men, now he did not want to throw away any more blood. hd has seen them. The great Spirits we talked about lived near this land: Therewere five of them; he represents them as being about ten feet high; long, bushy hair, hanging down about thei •· brought brog ht them of One wise. shoulders. They were great chiefs & very The others brought all kinds of fruit, corn oos, yant, grapes, game. salt & other things for the Piedes. One of them got very mad at one -6time when he was killing Deer, & chased him with a big spear, & wounded him in the back. He showed a huge scar wh ich he said he made with the spear. Tuesday 24th, Last Saturday fight for a squaw, she & BH3 friends. & & her husband had come to visit her family The man that she came with had stolen her from another Indian about a year before. claimed her. Sunday the Piedes collected Her former husband came The said Chief they should fight for her. & ("Said" above was inserted with a caret, at the wrong place, it is evident) About fifty fighters gathered near the bank of the River, naked except a strip about their loins; their hair tied back; the two husbands commenced the fight, bruising each other's faces at a horrible rate. At length one fell, when . one of his friends took his place. Thus They they fought until they all got their faces badly bruised. /11:ien took the bride by the arm and pulled her along. This was a signal Dr another fight; he had not proceeded far when he was met by an opponent, & Thus they fought until now again commenced the fight. an hour after sundown; dragging and hauling her around. Once they undertook to cross the river with her; she gave them the slip back near where I was standing on the bank. hand and asked me to pull her up which I did. presented himself for a knowk down. fight. She reached out her One of the warriors I told him I did not want to He said I must not take hold of that woman then. I did not understand it. without a bruised face. ran & It passed off. I told him I was glad to get out of it They dra~~ed her over the~ river near five or six lodges, where the two contending for her fought again. One of them caught the other by the hair, which they called foul play. -7- One of his friends struck the other, when they all commenc ed fighting like so many bull dogs. This presente d a sight that I cannot describe , the women & children hallooin g & & sound screamin g; throwing fire, ashes, & whipping the crowd over the heads with long sticks. At length, having beaten one another until they were tired, they quit; the woman had fainted. of life in her. Two of them hauled her back of one of their lodges, here they quarrele d some time. her, & There was no appearan ce Then they tore her buckskin shirt off pulled and fought over that until they were tired. Claiman ts got the shirt that night, & slept on it. One of the The marriage was not decided The next morning I counted one hundred that had assemble d for the fight on a conveni ent place, near their lodges. & After they had heard and talked took sides. some time; they made a general rush at each other, and beat each other until their faces were all covered with blood. After they had rubbed their faces and pulled their fingers, they commenc ed pulling her about and fighting over her, which they kept up till three o'clock the !B{t day • . • • There was another fight for a squaw about eight miles below. They asked me to go. about 9 o'clock. I went. They commenc ed beating one another About 12 o'clock they commenc ed abusing her. About three o'clock they dragged her to the lodges. I could see no signs of life in the wom~a_n_·- - - - ~ - - - - - · Feby. 4th. Cla a yesterda y. I We commenc ed to build a dam across the Santa Broi. S. Knight & A. Thornton arrived the day before from Harmony, with spades, hoes, picks & some other tools for -8- the purpose. City These tools were donated by the Brethren of Cedar I pray the Lord may bless them fo r thei r liberali ty & for There are now six mission aries here. their love of the truth. Bros Ira Hatch, A. Thornton , A. P. Hardy, Thales Haskell, Samuel Knight, & We all feel interest ed that the dam may shortly myself. be complete d as it will enable many of the Piedes to raise their own bread. Sunday 11th, We have been laboring to complete the dam the past week. The mission aries man: J & Piedes too hold together as the heart of one the work prosper s. We built a dam across the Santa Clara eighty feet long, fourteen feet high & three feet thick, of rock. We had no stone hammers except one old axe we got of the Piedes. With this, we were enabl~d to split the small rocks. brought them to the dam with handbarr ows. The Piedes The work prospers greatly. 8th We held a meeting at the upper Station, on the I found there was a good feeling between the Californ ia Road. brethren statione d there Lord for health & & the Piutes. I feel gratefu l to the strength to again resume my mission ; yet there is not a day passes over my head, but that I conside r it a great privileg e to have an hour to myself; or to slip off by myself, where the Piutes cannot see me: this People. some & so that I can realize the task of civilizi ng They are in a very low, degraded conditio n indeed; loath- filthy beyond descrip tion. I have wished many tims for the the moment ,that that my lot was cast among a more cleanly people; -9- As yet they have not stolen any thing from us. It is surprising to me that they have not; for the house has been left for weeks (without a lock on the door), with many ~hings in it to tempt poor miserable souls like this to steal yet they have not. Some few of them have attempted insults, or to run over us in the house which I would not allow. I jerked one, cuffed another, and told the third { o go out doors; he said he would not. him out by the hair of the head, So I led led took my foot from his seat of & hono r , which gave him to think I meant what I said. The next day I was two or three miles from home on horseback. I saw him coming on the run with a gun in his hand. I turned my horse about to meet him; and asked him what he wanted; 0 nothing only walking said he, & stepped into the trail behind me and turned back. Not liking his manoeuvre, I turned my horse about, told him to take the trail & He go ahead, which he did for about a mile. then said he wanted to turn off to visit some other lodges. I told him to go ahead keeping my eye on him for a while. Sept. 11th, 1855, I started for Santa Clara with Oscar Hamblin my brother, & Dudley Leavitt & our families. of October. \ We arrived there the 18t~ We were kindly received by the Lamanites: almost overjoyed to see our women & children. They were We had many good talks our Red friends. , We told them that they must not sell their \ tahs un ess they wanted to. -.. -to- t-he U children 14th. Ammon~ Othert Utqhs arrived to buy children. ~- JACOB HAMBLIN Of all the men called to the Southern Indian Mission, only one, Jacob Hamblin, took the assignment so seriously that he made it his life's work. His shadow still falls across the barren wastes; legends of his honesty persist in the Indian tribes throughout southern Utah and northern Arizona. It has been said of him that, alone and single-hand ed, he did more to maintain peace between the races than all the armies that ever marched Known finally as "Apostle to the Lamanites," he lived among the 41 t "'"' , Indians ..wa:t::H he could conununicate with them perfectly. into it. Born in Salem, Ohio, on April 2, 1819, at the age of twenty he married Lucinda Taylor~ ined the Mormon Church~P.!fier and followed the fortunes of the Saints from Nauvoo, across Iowa, and to Winter Quarters. ami- .P._ ,t- Here his wife refused to go on into the unknown westi ,., returned to Ohio, leaving him with four children, the youngest just learning to walk. A l7 few months later Jacob married Rachel Judd,and together they~w ee the Salt Lake Valley in 1850, and settled in Tooele County. ) Jacob was made captain of a posse went to recover stolen cattle and to punish the marauding Indians. He found their camp just before day- light on a snowy morning, and had his posse charge it, catching ~he braves totally by surprise. At the sight of the frightened, running women and terrorized children, Jacob ordered his men not to shoot. ;._,__., t, at home, ~'••• v l\e., r His superiors pleased with nhis action, &a«' condenmed him so vigorously that he went into the mountains after wood and for a few days of solitude. I Here he received what he thought was Divine approval ~~~•i-ilh~i•s==:m:=•zt:ats~s and a ---- ~--~! promise in his dealini;, with the Indian:, t'ftJt1=, "so long as you do not thirst for their blood, they shall not have the power to take your life," ever after without fear,, them/ among moved promise, Secure in this 1# .~ak &k4tQS j t WA4i. conviction which accounts for the dedication whi~h made him put all his private interests second to his mission of peace to the Indians. -2The excerpt which follows begins in the ·middle of a sentence because the first two pages of the original are missing, but actually it follows in the point of time directly after the Brown excerpt which precedes. main company had returned to Henefer. 7 The leaving Jacob Hamblin and William --- THE INDIANS ftOM THE JOURNALS \ oF T. D. Brown and Jacob Hamblin } Since the Mormon Church was founded, its leaders have had an especial interest in the Indians. The Book of Mormon, accepted as scripture by all the faithful, tells the story of the origin of the American Indian, declares that they are of the "blood of Israel," and holds out the promise that they shall yet become a white and delightsom e people. The fulfillme nt of this promise lay in part in their taking on the ways of ci"llilizat ion and becoming members of the Mormon Church. A practical man of affairs, Brigham Young had other reasons also for establish ing friendly relations with the Indians. The dream of a great inland empire and the hope of establish ing a self-sust aining society which would be a literal Kingdom .of God upon the earth, both demanded that there be a corridor to the Pacific Ocean in order that converts and their goods to might travel by water KJt the coast and come to Utah from Californi a. was settled in the Valley ma: Saints of As soon as the first large company of the Great Salt Lake, Brigham Young sent exploring parties in every direction to determine the location of water and suitable sites for settlement. In every case those in charge were to become acquainte d with the natives of the area and set up friendly relations , since the theory was that "it is cheaper to feed them than to fight them." Missiona ries were also counseled to secure Indian children who might otherwise be taken by the current slave trade into Mexico, and instead of making them slaves give them food, clothing, the children and shelter. They should see also that xklqt were sent to school and taught the Gospel. Several groups of Indian missionar ies were sent out to different places, but only the mission establish ed on the Santa Clara Creek in southern Utah could be called successfu l. These young men received their call at the October conferenc e of 1853, and were given until the next spring to make I -2prepara tion. Twenty- five men left on April 14 in a train of ten wagons, eight of which were drawn by horses or mules and two by ox teams. They were loaded with flour and other provisio ns and tools; the mission aries had among them nineteen guns and full annnunit ion in order that they might supply their meat. For milk they drove a herd of seven cows. Of the group, only three were older than forty years, while three others were still in their teens, and all but two of those remainin g were in their early twenties . (i:s D. Thomas D. Brown, who listed himself as being forty-si x1years old, married , father of two children , and a presiden t of the seventi es' quorum in Salt Lake City, was the recorde r for the mission . He was born December 16, 1807, in Stewarto n, Ayrshir e, Scotland , and baptized into the Mormon Church on June 9, 1844. By 1852 Brown was living in Salt Lake City and operatin g a mercant ile establis hment on the east side of Ma.in Street, near the Salt Lake House. His home must have been one of the best for its time, because George A. Smith, writing of the establis hment of the Deseret Philharm onic Society , stated that "Elder James Smithies is their preside nt and their meeting s for the present are held in Elder T. D. Brown's large room." That Thomas D. Brown was a man of wide skills is shown by the fact that he could survey land, compose a memoria l to her Majesty , Queen Victoria , and write letters for Brigham Young. But nowhere else are his persona lity and training more evident than in his "History a manuscr ipt notebook 1 ot the Southern Indian Mission ," of two hundred and twenty-o ne pages. In addition to the daily diary, the book contains a number of letters and other items. Brown wrote every day, giving date, place, and weather conditio ns before he summariz ed the activiti es of the group. He took detailed minutes of all 1A typescr ipt copy of Brown's journal is in the library of the Utah State Historic al Society. -3- meetings; he described the country, becoming lyrical over some of its color and form; he told of the inconveniences and hardships of frontier life and of the frictions which sometimes arose among the missi•onaries. But the best parmof all this vivid and eloquent account are the pen pictures he made of the natives themselves. No one else has left anything so graphic. The missionaries had been on the road ten days before they saw any Indians. As they neared Fillmore, they had their first encounter, which Brown described as follows: Tuesday, 25 April.--A fine morning after leaving camp up to Corn Creek, very wet and heavy driving. About 20 Indians of Walker's Band came and surrounded our wagons and finally crossed the road and stood ahead of them. After many strange gestures and much loud speaking by the eldest of them, a blanket was thrown down. We all understood this to be a demand of toll for passing over their lands; we all contributed some bread and flour and tobacco. They sat down and seemed to enjoy the bread. We passed on and soon some more came down to the creek, they too had to be satisfied. The record continues _through three weeks of activity, during which Brown told of the problems of clearing land, digging ditches, holding meetings, and setting up friendly relations with the local natives. On May 11 he reported that Indian Abraham's wife was ill with breast infection following childbirth. They had called in some of the Mormon missionaries to pray over her, or as the Indians called it, "do their poogi." they tried their own cures. Since it had no effect, Brown wrote on May 12: The Indian Doctor or medicine man came to-day, and after giving the sick woman some hot water to drink, but no herbs in it began to sing, "Nani, nani, nani, Nani, nani," &c., varying the sound as I have written it, first loud then falling by degrees, then beginning aloud again, this he continued till, I suppose, having invoked the healing spirit long enough he would get to his knees, then roll over to his back would draw himself cloee to the patient, and with closed eyes, still singing, lift up his hands so as to receive her, she would fall across him and he placing his arms around her and near the sore shoulder, would begin to press her breast, would crawl out when breath seemed almost gone to him, would spit out some nasty green stuff, expectorated from his own lungs, or chest, would again begin a new murmuring song ''H-a-a-a l!_~a-a-a Hum -m-m-1I11,. &c., would continue again for half an hour tillhe would again fall on his back, again receive her into his arms crosswise--again suck till he would expectorate one of his dark green stones, about the size of a bean, this he would carry off, crawling in a stooping posture some ~O yards and hide it among the brushes or in the earth, burying the disease or evil spirit. -4These stones they carry in their medicine bags--and I doubt not resurrect all they bury, at their own convenience , for I suppose they esteem these stones sacred; then he returned and would begin singing, continue again in the same way till after another pressure and suction--a white stone would be expectorate d and buried, this continued for two hours, crawling off once on his hands and knees and once sucking the shoulder and pressing the breast. Whether they induce faith in the patient, that by their songs, suctions and carrying off the disease; or whether a healing spirit attends them in their administrat ions; or a magnetic stream passes from the whole through the diseased person--a mesmeric influence that heals, I know not; but the general testimony is that, often remarkable cures are effectedo On June 7, as the missionarie s were en route to Santa Clara, they passed what seemed to be an Indian burial. It was of a man named Pierre, whom they had seen a few days before, a skeleton of a man who had been hurt \the Indian in one offi:......_, fights for a wife. Rachel Lee had told them of her unsuccessful attempt to persuade an Indian mother to bury her dead child according to the white man's way, and impressed upon them the fact that the natives did not like to be under observation while they performed their sacred rites. For this reason the missionarie s rode on without stopping, but the recorder could not resist reflecting upon the event: When he lay dying his only bed was the dusty earth. I could not help reflecting "to dust we must return"--Al as! poor Indians how near the soil they have been! at birth dropped into the dust, creeping, lying and running in it with no other table-thy work-bench- -thyY gambling table thy theatre--pu lpit--stage- bed of joy, sorrow and death: With apparent sympathy thou art surrounded by thy wives, children and friends, though at a little distance in sad and mournful silence--th e head of the dying one resting on the roots of a bunch of brushoak, his feet drawn up to his back, his legs and thighs wasted away except at the joints; "return to dust!" Why poor, dark degraded Lamanite thou never went far out of it! For all of the group this trip to the Santa Clara was new, untrodden ground. Two Indians accompanied them, leading them by dim trails around the steep, rocky hills, until near sunset when they came to Chief Toquer 1 s wickiups on Ash Creek. They had traveled twenty miles this day, and had it not been for their Indian guides, they would never have found the place. Brown said -5the wickiup s were;( -osed of long branches of willows , cotton-w ood and stalks of corn, 3 of them--th e willows stuck in the ground slanting ly so that they meet at the top, the leaves of these and a neighbo ring ash tree was all the shelter from wind or rain. ~ / 50 years of age, ~ ~ oker is a small broad old man ~ flat: flat nose and rather , 9 went oa. Broad bald forehead • • • • He received Indians darker in color than most other C. Allen was our R. that told us very cordial ly, and when very affectio nately, other each embraced Captain --the two big men d Europe civilize of people and more like the refined French than the rude Indians. Toquer then led them to the camp in the sandy bottoms about thirty yards north of the wickiup s, warning them to keep their horses off the grape vines. Turning their horses out to pick the scanty grass among the rocks, the mission aries took out their meal of raw bacon, bread, and cheese, which they shared with fifteen Indians , two squaws and two papoose s. they all went together to the wickiup s of the regular camp. From here Brown's descrip tion of the supper is classic : We • • • found their women grinding seeds by the light of the moon, and boiling a large potful of pottage --in a conical shaped dish made from clay and sand thin and hard. This mess seemed of a darkish grey color with like chunks of bacon in it. We tasted the flour which the women were making from the seeds of grass-by rubbing them between two rocks. It tasted much like buckwhe at flour or bean meal. What we fancied to be pieces of bacon, I have been told were bunches of matted ants. One of the brethren tasted this food and said, these clusters tasted very oily but knew not the cause. This porridge the female stirred withk large spoon or ladle, like the water gourds of the states made f~om the horn of a mountain sheep; with this the mess was divided on wicker baskets , flat, in the shape of flat wood turned dishes, about 1 quart to each--th e elder served first--t his was soon cleaned out by bending the forefinger of the right hand inwards around the point of the thumb for a spoon.- -the Same dish handed back and filled and passed around. They supped this up greedily , and ±th the head of a roasted porcupine, brains and bones, added to a ntire roasted sand lark, seemed, added to what we gave them--to abo t satisfy. Then like hogs with little or no coveri~ they huddled togethe r in the sand. Oh! how Ephriam has fallen! @"' - After prayer, we too were soon asleep-- on our buffalo robes--n ot far from our friends. -6- As they traveled down Ash Creek, the missionaries noted the Indian farms planted in long narrow strips. In one place they saw a good irrigation canal about a half mile long below which were about three acres well plantedr----' with watermelons as well as the staples of corn, squash, and potatoes. Often they passed last year's abandoned farms with the corn stalks still standing. Because the{natives had no way to get these roots out of the ground, they were forced to start each year's garden in a new place. Wherever the white men tried ·to talk to the Indians, the burden of the conversation was always the same: ''We are hungry often, we want food, we are naked, we want shirts, pants, hats." Near the Virgin River they saw some squaws and children gathering berries, and Brown and William Henefer rode over to a young squaw. "Oh! how she feared to approach us when we kindly asked .ioP- some shutcup holding out a basket of berries at full arms length yet some feet off from where we could reach, we approached a little near, she trembled and sweat and rheld] her limbs together as if required to keep her reins steady that there should be no apparent leakage; such was her fear." -7As Brown traced their travel each day, he saw the same general pattern of life--naked, hungry children, all full of awe and fear at these strange visitors mounted on fine horses with saddles and other trappings. When they left the Virgin River, Parouse, as the Indians called it, and came to the Santa Clara Creek, or Tonaquint, Brown remarked that: more comfortable to me than any place we had come to." "This place seemed As to the natives and their association there, he said: They were much afraid especially the squaws and children. The most of the Indians that were with us yesterday travelled with us this day • • • very hot--they slept near us in the wickeups last night, and now their number is swelled to 22; they are as hungry as we, and I suppose more so, even so that they could have eaten all we had at one meal, yet we disliked to eat in their presence and they not enjoy food with us, so we abstained from eating till all cleared off. After supper 5 of us left camp to visit "Matuprenups" wickeup--there we found some 8 or 10 men and 2 squaws only, and a "nansits"--female child--they were in great fear (sherreah) when we approached, so much so, the red men became pale and trembled; this wore off after a while. We found an old man h~d fled, they called him, he did not come, Jacob Hamblin a quiet man went out and found him rolled up in his rabbit skin mantlet, like a rabbit hid in an old wickeup, he patted him on ·. the ·shoulder, looked kindly upon him and told him the Mormons were "toojee Tickaboo toinab," very friendly, and the same as the Pahutes. Finally he came and sat down beside me all trembling. After smoking with us he became more composed: p he little child that had buried itself in her father's bosom crying, rushed out sweating and ran towards her mother and hid behind her. The grandmother of this child, a very old woman, was the only one that did the hard work; she brought a wicker basket full of water slung on her head as the fish women of Edinburgh carry their loads of fish •• She called aloud for me to come and sup: she handed me a large spoon made of the horn of a mountain sheep that would hold about a pint, full of this home made wine, she then sat down a large bowl made of small willows, and pitched within full of this wine to our men, and we al~ - partook freely of this sweet and nourishing fluid. We smoked with them and sung some of the Saints h}'IDils, and a good spirit prevailed. Their fears gave way to confictence and love; they were liberally kind with their wine, wheat and seed flour porridge and berries. 1hey asked us to sing again, we told them it was one way the Mormons spoke to Shenowab • • • • During our singing they all kept very still There appear many pieces of good wheat land on this stream, across which Beaver dams are built every few rods, and the banks being low, the water overflows much and renders the bottoms good grazing patches. -8- The company of missio naries, their food supply exhaus ted, decided that they must return to their farm near Harmony, leaving behind two a,~ . of their men, Jacob Hamblin and William Henefi er, to continu e the mission ary work. Thomas D. Brown did not have further close contac t with the Indian s; he was sent to explore the Las Vegas area, and upon his return was asked to take the place of Chrisco pher J. Arthur as clerk and record er in Cedar City. On December 22, 1855, he married Mary Lucret ia, daught er of William W. Willis , as his only plural wife. In 1856 he was release d from his mission in the south and sent to survey the Weber River for a place suitabl e to bring out the water, then to lay out Fort Supply and Fort Bridge r, and later to survey five sites for mail station s between Fort Laramie and Salt Lake City. For a time he was also corresp onding secreta ry to Brigham Young. Later, though he continu ed to live in Salt Lake City and kept his store on Main Street , he became disaffe cted and joined the Libera l party as a member of their centra l cormnit tee; in 1874 he ran as a candid ate for counci lman on the ticketo Whatev er his later activi ties, Brown's record of the Southe rn Indian Mission remains of great value for its clear descrip tion of the natives as they were when the first white men came among them. c~ JA~ Of all the men called to the Southe rn Indian Mission , Jacob Hamblin that seemed to take his assignm ent most seriou sly, so seriou sly, in fact, the mission lasted all his lifeo His shadow still falls across the barren of the desert wastes , where he pushed into the undisco vered areas to be one "firsts ": at Kanab, at the Colorad o crossin g, at the Paria settlem ent or on the Moenko pi, he blazed the trails which others followe d. His name is legend with among the Indian tribes for integr ity and honor, a man who did not "speak a forked tongue ." Hambli n was born in Salem, Ohio, April 2, 1819, and at the age of twenty he married Lucinda Tayloro They joined the Mormon Church in 1839, to and followe d the fortune s of the Saints from Nauvoo , across Iowa, and Winter Quarte rs. From this point Lucinda refused to go farther west, but - returne d to her home, le- aving Jacob with four young childre n. A few months the later he married Rachel Judd, who helped him collec t means to go on to County . Valley of the Great Salt Lake in 1850. They settled first in Tooele ~ri;,Q_ oele s, InYtAM area the Indians made repeate d raids on the herds of the settler them, until at last Jacob Hambli n was put in charge of a posse to go after recove r the stolen cattle, and punish the leaders . The posse came upon the his Indian camp just before daybrea k on a snowy mornin g, and Hamblin ordered men to charge upon it. They caught the braves entirel y by surpris e and could running easily have killed the whole camp, but at the sight of the frighte ned, women and the terrori zed childre n, Jacob ordered his men not to shoot. to Instead , he talked to the chief, persuad ing him to return with the posse the the town and get acquain ted with the leaders there ., in the hope that thievin g would cease. The Mormon author ities were not pleased with this action and condenmed after Jacob so vigoro usly that he went alone into the mounta ins, ostens ibly a load of wood but actually to try to come to peace with himself. Here he met other Indians supposed to be hostile, and was surprised at how well he could connnunicate with them. He found a small Indian boy who had been left behind with his grandmother, gave the old woman food to enable her to travel on, and persuaded her to give him the child. As he lay in bed that night with the little body close against him, he received an answer to his problem, a peace and satisfaction with his course and a promise that "so long as you do not thirst for the blood of the Indians, they shall not have the power to take your life." The voice he heard was so real to Jacob that he never doubted it; because of it £or the rest of his days he walked unarmed without fear among his red brothers. It was his dedication to the mission that led his captain to leave him to remain longer on the Santa Clara at the visit of Thomas D. Brown and the group; it was his success in inspiring confidence in the natives that made Brigham Young appoint him president of the mission there. Jacob Hamblin 1 s journal continues with his experiences where Thomas D. Brown's leaves offo He and William Henefer ate and talked with the Indians; he cut some of the wheat heads with his knife, filling a basket to demonstrate how the white brethren might help the natives to improve their condition; they helped repair a broken ditch. When their food was almost exhausted, they started back to Harmony on foot, traveling at night over the burning sando When they reached Toker's wickiups--"he was watering corn. He said he was very hungry; had not eaten anything but a few lizards for 3 days. was glad to find I could understand him so well, only gone 3 weeks from Harmony; we gave him all the flour we had. 11 Excerpts from his journal give a good close-up of Indian life. When he left Harmony on December 10 with Augustus P. Hardy and Thales Haskell he wrote: December 10th [1854] I started for the Clara • • • found some Piedes hunting; they were much pleased to see us. I told them that we had I come to stay with them now & teach them how to build houses raise grain; this pleased them very much. They left their hunt and went home with us to their lodges or wickeups, as they call them • • • • & The next day the Piedes were much alarmed. They said that the Utahs were coming to steal their children that night. The Chief wanted to know if we would fight for them if the Utahs should come to steal their children. I counseled with Bros. Hardy & Haskell, all that were with me. I then told him we would fight for them if it was necessary. I then let them have 100 rounds of allllUunition to each gun that they had. Spies were sent out and everything made ready. The Old Chief connnenced Preaching to the Utahs if there was any in hearing, as he said; he told them that they must not come here now to steal children; that their white brothers (the Mormons) had come here and would fight for them. He then came and told me to lie down and not sleep sound; he would awaken me before the Utahs could get here. The night passed; no Utahs came. did they come the next day or the next. / When they did arrive, they bargained with the Indians, purchasing the children instead of stealing them. They gave one horse and two guns for three girls • • • • the girls father & Mother cried to see them go; but they had nothing to eat and it would be better for the children than to stay & starve. I saw tears fall fast from the eyes of the oldest of the three; a girl about ten or twelve years old. I felt heart sick to see them dragged from their homes to become slaves to the Gentiles. I saw the necessity of the Elders doing all they could to ameloriate the condition of this miserable people. Sometime later the missionaries were invited to an Indian wedding. "When a Piede squaw is old enough to marry, there is from six to twenty wanting her for a wife; so they get together & fight for her, until they are all whipt but one; he takes the bride," Jacob explained. The shortage of girls was due to the slave trade, for girls were more in demand on the Mexican market and would bring a much better price than boys. Parents, also, seemed mere willing to part with daughters than with sons. The. f_oll_owing ,,-incident ..~eh-...Ja.c.o'b ~-s<:ri in ~e~ail arose because the squaw's husband, a brave of another band, had stolen her from her first husband, who was one of her own people. fight for her: The chief declared that they must -12About fifty fighters gathered near the bank of the River naked except a strip about their loins; their hair tied back; the two . husbands connnenced the fight, bruising each other's faces at a horrible rate. At length one fell, when one of his friends took his place. Thus they fought until they all got their faces badly bruised. They took the bride by the arm and pulled her along. This was a signal for another fight; he had not proceeded far when he was met by an opponent, & now again connnenced the fight. Thus they fought until an hour after sundown; dragging and hauling her around. Once they undertook to cross the river with her; she gave them the slip & ran back near where I was standing on the bank. She reached out her hand and asked me to pull her up which I did. One of the warriors presented himself for a knock down. I told him I did not want to fight. He said I must not take hold of that woman then. I told him I did not understand it. It passed off. I was glad to get out of it without a bruised face. .wP c-it. The above version, written at the ti~, is in harmony with the general 7/~--c~h-a_r_a-cter of Jacob Hamblin, and a far cry from the story which has been told picturing him as challenging the whole band and knocking out one after another as fast as they came up, until there were none left to oppose him, then generously letting the squaw select the one she preferred for a husband. This time the fight continued until one contender got the other by the hair and began to drag him. Because this was considered foul play, one of his friends went to the defense when: • • • they all cormnenced fighting like so many bull dogs. This presented a sight & sound that I cannot describe, the women & children hallooing & screaming; throwing fire, ashes, & whipping the crowd over the heads with long sticks. At length, having beaten one another until they were tired, they quit; the woman had fainted. There was no appearance of life in her. Two of them hauled her back of one of their lodges, here they quarreled some time. They tore her buckskin shirt off her, & pulled and fought over that until they were tired. One of the claimants got the shirt and slept on it. The marriage was not decided that night. The next morning I counted one hundred that had assembled for the fight •• o• The fight continued all day long; the squaw was so badly handled that Jacob Hamblin went to the chief to remonstrate. r At first Tutsegavit insisted -13- that he could do nothing; they had always acquired squaws in this way. Not until Jacob threatened to tell the White Father all about it and insisted that it would not be a pretty story, did he promise to do something to end the barbaric custom. Alas for Jacob's hopes. Tutsegavit nor any other man could stop a custom so long established. By February 4, 1855, Ira Hatch, Samuel Knight, and Amos Thornton arrived bringing spades, hoes, and picks to help build a dam in the creek so that they might plant grain. Under date of February 11 following, Jacob wrote: We have been laboring to complete the dam the past week. The missionaries & Piedes too hold together as the heart of one man; the work prospers. We built a dam across the Santa Clara eighty feet long, fourteen feet high & three feet thick, of rock. We had no stone hannners except one old axe we got of the Piedes. With this, we were enabled to split the small rocks. The Piedes brought them to the dam with handbarrows. The work prospers greatly. In spite of this encouraging note, he wrote his real feelings a few days later: • • • I feel grateful to the Lord for health & strength to resume my mission; yet there is not a day passes over my head, but that I consider it a great privilege to have an hour to myself, where the Piutes cannot see me: so that I can realize the task of civilizing this People. They are in a very low, degraded condition indeed; loathsome & filthy beyond description. I have wished many times for the moment, that my lot was cast among a more cleanly people; • • • Jacob Hamblin had a part of this wish fulfilled years later when he worked with the Navajo and the Hopi, but always his calling was with the Li:;f< I ( 5 5 Indians. Two events this yeiwuilt up his prestige. The first was the fact that this was a drought year. The stream dried up until it did not reach the fort; their dam, built at such a cost was useless; their crops were almost dead. Tutsegavit demanded that he keep his promise that there would be food for the Indians and urged that Hamblin do his poogi, or magic, or pray to his God to bring rain. -14- )~· Jacob reassured the chief, feeling that Good would surely honor the promises that had been made in His name in this attempt to help His most His journal said only that "I was considerabl y wroµ,ght unfortunate children. But the rain did come, the crops were saved, and the up in my feelings." natives gave all the credit to Jacob, whose God would answer. Even more impressive to them was the case of Old Agarapoots, the angry Indian who wanted nothing of the Mormons or their ways. He came with his braves to the Santa Clara and went about glowering and snarling, frightening the women and children. At last in defiance he killed an ox, skinned it, and divided it among his band with no attempt at secrecy. Most of the settlers thought he should be punished; they had put up with him and his ways long enough. of them declared. A sound whipping would do him good, some Jacob insisted upon handling the matter in his own way, which was to go to Agarapoots 1 lodge and try to talk to him. The chief was surly, expressing only 'scorn for the Mormon poogi. ''You will make your own bad medicine," Jacob told him. The next day Agarapoots' little son was taken very ill, and in desperation he sent for Jacob to pray the child better. Jacob, seeing that there was no hope for the boy, refused to "do his poogi," and while they talked about it, the boy died. Now the chief swore that Mormon children would be sent to the happy hunting ground to follow his son. Tutsegavit came again to beg Jacob to pray, this time to pray Agarapoots dead, and when very shortly thereafter the old chief did sicken and die, Tutsegavit was all the more convinced of Jacob's power. Without arrows or knife or gun he could kill those people who were evil and who worked against the white man's God. Most effective in the long run were the rules which Jacob adopted in his dealings with the Indians. They were: never talk to them of things -15- try to under stand their beyon d their compr ehens ion; listen to them patie ntly and lous their ideas are; point of view; never laugh at them, no matte r how ridicu them in a trade . alway s keep your word to them; never take advan tage of Yet, incid ent shows : there were times when he must be firm with them, as this surpr ising As yet they have not stole n anyth ing from us. It is for weeks left to me that they have not; for the house has been tempt to it .. · ::i.~wi thout a lock on the door) , with many thing s in Some not. poor miser able souls like this to steal yet they have the in us few of them have attem pted insul ts, or to run over anoth er, and house , which I would not allow . I jerked one, cuffe d So I led not. told the third to go out of doors ; he said he would of seat him out by the hair of the head, & took my foot from his next The honor , which gave him to think I meant what I said. I saw him back. horse on home from miles three day I was two or horse about comin g on the run with a gun in his hand. I turne d my ng said walki to meet him; asked him what he wante d; 0 nothi ng only he, & stepp ed into the trail behin d me and turned back. him to Not liking his manoe uvre, I turne d my horse about , told He mile. take the trail & go ahead , which he did for about a I s. lodge then said he wante d to turn off to visit some other • • • • told him to go ahead keepi ng my eye on him for a while g of the famil ies. The India n missi on to6k on a new outlo ok with the comin Hamb lin my broth er, "Septe mber ll, 1855, I starte d for Santa Clara with Oscar & Dudle y Leav itt & our famil ies. We arrive d there the 18th of Octob er. were almos t overjo yed to see our women and child ren. They We had many good talks with our Red frien ds," Jaco&, wrote . to contr ol In 1870 Hamb lin was calle d to Kanab to use his influe nce the raidin g Navaj os. From there he worke d his way to the upper Paria , and acros s the Color ado to the India n natio ns there . As offic ial "Apos tle to troub le. the La.ma nites," he must go where ver there was poten tial a failu re, for he When he died in 1886, it would seem that his life was le in the Deser et News left his famil ies so poorl y provi ded for that an artic But time has added solic ited contr ibutio ns for the suppo rt of his child ren. the whose contr ibutio n, to kxx statu re of this man until now he is known as one is most perma nent. He worke d for peace with the tools of peace --with under stand ing and tolera nce and love. T. D. Brow n Jour nal Tues day, 25 Apr il.-- A fine morn ing afte r leav ing camp up to Corn Cree k, very wet and heav y driv ing. Abou t 20 Indi ans of Wal ker's Band cros sed the road and stoo d came and surro unde d our wago ns and fina lly ahea d of them . spea king by Afte r many stran ge gest ures and much loud down . the elde st of them , a blan ket was throw n We all unde rstoo d this y land s; to be a dema nd of toll for pass ing over thei cco. cont ribu ted some brea d and flou r and toba to enjo y the brea d. tp:--r O'Jw e all They sat down and seem ed the cree k, We pass ed on and soon some more came down they too had to be sati sfie d. ay, and afte r givi ng the ~sic k. The I ndia n Doc tor or med icine man came to-d woma n, it bega n to sing , some hot wate r to drinl <, but no he -bs in 0 "Nan i soun d as I have writ ten it, nani , nani , Nani , nani ," &C., vary ing the begi nnin g alou d agai n, this firs t loud then fall ing by degr ees, then the heal ing spir it he cont inue d till , I supp ose, havi ng invo ked roll over t o his back long enou gh he woul d get to his knee s, then and with clos ed eyes , stil l woul d draw him self clos e up the pati ent, sing ing, woul d fall acro ss lift up his hand s so as to rece ive he'Y, she near the sore s h ould e r, him and he plac ing his arms arou nd her and l out when brea th seem ed almo s woul d begi n to pres s her brea st, woul d craw n stuf f, e x pect orat ed from gone to him, woul d spit out some nast y gree n a new murm uring song his own lung s, or che s t, woul d agai n begi ..(.p._..3..3..c onti nue agai n "Ha- a-a-a Ha-a -a - a Hum- m-m- m, " &C. , woul d on h is back , agai n rece ive for half an hour till he woul d agai n fall he woul d expe ctor ate her into his arms cros swis e--a gain suck till of a bean , this he woul d one of his dark gree n ston es, abou t the size -2- carry off, crawling in a stooping posture some 20 ya r ds and hide it among the brushes or in the earth, bu r ying the disease or evil spirit / These stones they carry in their medicine bags--and I doubt not resurrect all they bury, at their own convenien ce, fo r I suppose they esteem these stones sacred; then he returned and would begin singing, continue again in the same way till after another pressure and suction--a white stone would be expectora ted and buried, this continued for two hours, crawling off once on his hands and knees and once sucking the shoulder and pressing the breast. Whether they ~ c that by their songs, suctions and carrying patient, the in faith induce off the disease; or whether a healing spi--n. t attends them in their administr ations; or a magnetic stream passes from the whole through the diseased person--a mesmeric influence that heals, (p.34) I know not; but the general testimony is that, often remarkabl e cures are~ effected. An Indian Burial. Now it is said they bury their dead after the white man's pattern here, as much athey can, but ~ormerly they are supposed to have hid the body a ay among the rocks where, no doubt the hungry wolves found them; by others it is supposed they burned their dead. When they inter a body they bury all with it, the blanket, or rabbit skin mantilla, bows and arrow, or gun if they have one. I learn from Rachel Lee that an Indian child died a few days ago; she took an interprete r (~. 91) , with her and tried to get the child to wash and dress it after our fashion, and put it into a coffin, the mother refused, and requested her to leave, she moved off -3- homewa rds, but on the way concea led he r self among the bushes hoping to see their moveme nts, but they eluded her observ ation and whethe r this corpse was burnt or hid away she cou~d not say. We did not approac h the assemb led crowd, but suppose d there were Mormon s there as well as Indian s, and that a grave was being filled up from their circul ar form. The name of the Indian was "Pierre ," we saw him a few days before and discov ered that consum ption dried up his vitals, and worn him to a skeleto n form. pronou nced his death near. We then He is said to have been hurt while fightin g for or to ab'fa.in a wife-- his secom --his first being still alive, which some say is custom ary here-- the strong est and boldes t being the most succes sful.J: ::en he lay a dying his only bed was the dusty earth. I coihld not held}?S' reflec ting "to dust we must return" --Alas : poor Indian s how near the soil they have been: into the dust, creepin g, other table- -thj at birth dropped lying and running (>f3 .?2~ in it with no work-b ench--t hy gamblin g table thy theatr e-- pulpit- -stage --bed of joy, sorrow and death: With appare nt sympat hy thy? wives, childre n and friends , though at they thou art surroun ded by sad? and mournf ul silenc e--the head of the said in e a little distanc dying one resting on the roots of a bunch of brusho ak, his feet drawn up to his back, his legs and thighs wasted away except at the joints ; "return to dust:" went far out of it:7 Why poor, dark degrad~ d Lamani te thou never What are thy hopes? Dreame st thou of bright and __.,.-,-' sunny days, of fields illimit able as now thy native wilds are, but filled with herds and flocks of mounta in sheep, of deer, of elk, NJ? -4of herds of cattle whose numbers still increase, though thou forever huntest there, a nd liv'st among them, or hearest thou the roar of merriment that "eesh".r' thou didst enjoy when mingling in the war dance, or the yet still wilder war-whoop, or the shouts of victory at scalping thime, o ~ is all with thee a dreary waste V/ of darkness? I\ ; an eternal night? We reached Harmony old carrel at noon, and then moved on across Ash Creek, --'-B..ct:.3J- on new untrodden ground. an aged Indian for our guide, \ ,?'~ We had "----" =;..,__ f9-.-,c_6LQ__ ? and another Indian, Dick, soon joined us; for the fiy st four miles till we again struck Ash Creek. We had a long rocky bench or rolling hill then descending around the same, by a long steep rocky hill, thence for some miles on a good level bottom of Ash· Creek, then over other rolling ridges of sand and rocky bolders alternately till at near sundown 16 miles from ou ,. } __ -;, ol f Carrel and 20 from our camp. We reached Taker's Wickeups. Our Indian guides had gone before to tell them, and 3 young braves came out to meet us. After passing over some rough, rocky steep ? hills and large boulders we come to see the smoke of ~ -:? ) # e Chief Toquer's Wickeups Composed of long branches of willows, cotton-wood and stalks of corn, 3 of them--the willows stuck in the ground slantingly so that they meet at the top, the leaves of these and a neighboring ash tree was all the _jhelter from wind or rain. 50 years of age. Broad bald forehead, rather flat: flat nose and darker in color than most other Indians--a beard long and thin, pulled out some of it •0, -5for a time, but continued not as most other Indians do; more like a negro t h an othe r Indians, but still the hair left on his - head is not the s h ort wooly curly hair of a nigger, but the long, black hair of Israel's race. straigh '--, His children are more comely than he. He received us very cordially, and when told that R.C. Allen was our Captain--the two big men embraced each other very affectionately, more like the refined French and people of civilized Europe than the rude Indians, and hardened rough ones of the new born West. They seemed like brothers that had met after a long separation, by dividing oceans: We believe the warm kiss of eastern climes would have ended this intense embrace, but for the maiden blushes--the modesty or coolness of our youthful Captain. Cpp. Toker then very courteously led us to our suite of apartments in the great mansion/ of our common parent, in the sandy bottoms about 30 yards north of their 3 wickeups--warning us to keep our horses off xk his grape vines, some 5 (p:.:,.j2,i-r or 6 bunches of which intertwined their tendrils with the tall bunch grass. The Supper. After turning out our horses to but a scanty picking among the rocks, we untied our wallets, and drew forth some raw bacon, bread and cheese, and now being surrounded by some 15 Indians looking as hungry as we felt we we r e after our long day's ride, 2 squaws and 2 children, we all sat down on the sandy carpet and partook about equally. Much talk ensued and most of it but little \ 1 r1K~f..4-' understood by us. potatoes, & -6- They have small stripes of corn, squash, c., all scratched in with their hands, for miles along Ash Creek and seem very ind ~ rious. We went over to their Wickeups after our supper and found their women grinding seeds by the light of the moon, and boiling a large potful of pottage-in a conical shaped dish made from clay and sand thin and hard. This mess seemed of a darkish grey color with like chunks of bacon in it. We tasted the flou r which the women were making the seeds of grass--by rubbing them between two rocks. much like buckwheat flour or bean meal. from It tasted What we fancied to be pieces of bacon, I have been told were (~ c7 6) bunches of matted ants. One of the brethren tasted this food and said, these clusters tasted very oily but knew not the cause; this porridge the female stirred with a large spoon or ladle, like the water gourds of the slates made from the horn of a mountain sheep; with this the mess was divided on wicker baskets, flat, in the shape of flat wood turned dishes, about 1 quart to each--the elder served first--this was soon cleaned out by bending the forefinger of the right hand inwards around the point of the thumb for a spoon.--the same dish handed back and filled and passed around. They supped this up greedily, and with the head of a roasted porcupine, brains and bones, added to an entire roasted sand lark, seemed, added to what we gave them--to about satisfy. Then like hogs with little or no covering they huddled together in the sand. Oh~ How Ephraim has fallen~ \ ~ Afte r prayer, we too were soon asleep--on our buffalo robes-t far from our friends. -7P. 50 At noon we went across Ash Creek and saw Toker and another Indian watering and planting corn, potatoes, squash, & c.--They have made a good irrigating canal some 1/2 mile long. about 3 acres well planted with potatoes, corn squash, water melons, and are very industriou s. they use in watering, &c. They have They have only 1 hoe which All their digging and planting they do with sticks resembling an axe handle. ,.. p. 51 Toker and Pantemone a visited us this evening and spent much time talking. Pavinapoo h also was present an~ old Indian apparently about 80 years of age. We met in counsel and the burden of their talk was "We are hungry often, we want food, we are naked, we want shirts, pants and hats. We started from Toker's Wickeups at 9 ½ a.m. We travelled down Ash Creek and came to 2 larger patches of ground, than he at present farms and better land, ditches around them also for irrigation but I suppose they have abandoned them for want of tools strong enough to take up the corn roots; p. 54 I We travelled till about 10:30 a.m. 5 miles H~x south west, and on opening out from these hills on to a fine table land south and east of the Rio Virgin about 1 miles, saw some squaws and children gathering berries, two of us, myself and Wm. :lenefer rode over to -8- the young squaw nearest us, the rest rode on west ward to the river where smoke arose from the cotton woods which the Indians were burning off to clear some more farming land. (oh~ how she feared to approach us when we kindly asked some shutcup-- holding out a basket of berries at full arms length yet some feet off from where we could reach, we approache d a little near, she trembled and sweat and her limbs together as if required to keep her reins steady that there should be no apparent leakage; such was her fear. Down by the roots of some trees and among some willows by all the river we saw some families, they w~re/near ly naked and much afraid ~ : heir children, here we crossed the river and camped on the north side of a bend of the Rio Virgin on grassy bottom, here was a small patch of corn, ic., well up; here 3 Indians joined us from BXH¥B~~x½ ax~~x~£x~~ x:mxx~~txx xe~~x±½*x~ ex2xxx0m~a msx}q_o~:m e3x±xx£x~ the Santa Clara, having been notified by those who were with us / yesterday . The Indian name of the Santa Clara ~ Indian name of the Rio Virgin is "Parouse." "Tortiaquin t"--the To them and 3 here we gave 1 cup of flour each; but we must cease feeding the Indians, or cease our mission, we have labored for our breadstuf fs and carried it upwards 350 miles. p. 55 Sunday, 11 June.--Le ft camp at 8:30 a.m. and rolled southward till we struck the Santa Clara at 11 o'clock. camped about 1 milei up At 11:30 a.m. we the Santa Clara in a cottonwoo d grove. road this morning was on the west bench, rolling and ex level bottoms of the Rio Virgin, on the Tomaquint (Tornaquin t here and previously ?-) we came to a fine lot of wheat nearly ripe. much fruit "ope." Still This point namely, nearly at the mouth of the The -9- Santa Clara seems an old settlemen t, as there are many corn lots abandoned , for the same reason I had formerly supposed- -the roots. This place seemed more comfortab le to me, t h an a ny place we had come t o. Crops living and many human beings. the squaws and children. I Eey were much afraid especially The most of the Indians that were with us yesterday travelled with us this day about 9 miles we travelled- -very hot--they slept near us in the wickeups last night, and now their numbe r is swelled to 22; they were as hungry as we, and I suppose more so, even so that they could have eaten all we had at one meal, yet we disliked to eat in their presence and they not enjoy so food with us,/we abstained from eating till all c~eared off. After supper 5 of us left camp to visit "Matupren ups" wickeup-there we found some 8 or' 10 men and 2 squaws only, and a "nantsits" --female child--the y were in great fear (sherreah) when we approache d, so much so, the red men became pale and tr~mbled; this wo r e off after a while. We found an old man had fled, they called him, he did not come, Jacob Hamblin a quiet man went out and found him rolled up in his rabbit skin mantlet, like a rabbit hid in an old wickeup, he patted him on the shoulder, looked kindly upon him and told him the Mormons were "toojee ticaboo toinab," very friendly, and the same as the Pahutes, finally he came and sat down beside me all trembling . After smoking with us he became more composed. The little child that had buried itself in her father's bosom crying, rushed out sweating and ran towards her mother and hid behind her. The grandmoth er of this child, a very old woman, was the only one that did the hard work; she brought a wicker basket full of -10- water slung on her head as the fish women of Edinbu r gh carry their loads of fish, loads. thus those carry their uhildren and othee She then went for a bundle of dry brush for fire wood, and then began to crush their dried berries. me to come and sup: She called aloud for she handed me a large spoon made of the horn of a mountain sheep that would hold about a pint, full of this she home made wine, RHG then sat down a large bowl made of small willows, and pitched within full of this wine to our men, and we all partook freely of this sweet and nourish i ng fluid. We smoked with them and sung some of the Saints hymns, and a good spirit prevailed. Their fears gave way to confidence and love; they were liberally kind with their wine, wheat and seed flour porridge and berries. They asked us to sing again, we told them it was one way the Mormons spoke to Shenowab. One of their men still kept grinding their seed into flour for porridge. They have a large thin earthen pot, as at Taker's camp, in which their se ~ ? ' ing is done, would hold about 2 gallons and is made of red clay and sand about¼ of an inch thick and dried in the sun. During our singing they all kept very still. Another female--"peshamon" was drying the heads of green wheat in the ashes; this they had pulled while yet in the milk; they dried it sufficiently hard--the heads tied up in small bunches that when taken out of the ashes they could rub on a flat wicker basket and grind between 2 rocks, the larger lying on the ground, the smaller kept in their hands and pushed out and in, or from and to them horizontally. There appear many patches of good wheat land on this stream, across which Beaver dams are built every few rods, and the banks being low, the water overflows much and renders the bottoms good grazing patches.