Visual, Ocular Motor, and Cochleo-Vestibular Loss in Patients With Heteroplasmic, Maternally-Inherited Diabetes Mellitus and Deafness (MIDD), 3243 Transfer RNA Mutation

Orbital apex syndrome is a rare complication of herpes zoster ophthalmicus. In addition to our case, we review the clinical presentation, imaging findings, treatment options, and prognosis of 14 other reported cases. Magnetic resonance imaging of our patient demonstrated diffuse enhancement of the orbit involving the orbital apex, optic nerve and/or nerve sheath, extraocular muscles, and orbital soft tissues. There was significant clinical improvement with acyclovir and systemic corticosteroids, which seems to be preferred treatment for this disorder.