| Abstract |
Fired heaters are one of the most important equipment in the refining industry. They are one of the most expensive and long delivery items. Most of the fired heaters last 40-50 years so it is not easy to change them once they are built. Today's fired heaters must meet demands for process performance, efficiency, operability, and safety, which have become very important issues.; It is very important to specify the fired heaters correctly. Major developments in fired heater designs and specifications were mostly taken care by Oil Companies for a very long time. API took over this job in 1980's and produced a standard called API560. API 560 was first published in 1986 and in the last 30 years, they have come out with many improvements in the design and specifications API 560 is a very good starting point for specifications. API recently published 5th edition of API 560. Furnace Improvements recently compared all the five editions of API. They analyzed the changes that were made in the specifications. Fired heaters design and requirements have been real complex. There are a number of issues that have not been addressed in API-560. In this paper, I have made an effort to bring up some of the issues that have impact on fired heater performance and reliability significantly. |
