Non-Organic Ocular Motor and Eyelid Disorders

Somatoform neuro-ophthalmic disorders most commonly affect afferent visual function. When eye movements, lids or pupils are involved, the diagnosis may be challenging. In many such cases the variable nature of the abnormality in question suggests the correct diagnosis but great care must be taken because certain organic disorders may be similarly intermittent. For each of the non-organic syndromes described below, one or more look-alike conditions are also described, including features that help distinguish them from the non-physiologic variety.