Nystagmus Surgery: Augmented Tenotomy and Reattachment Procedures and Proposed Tendon-Suture Procedures

We will: 1) review the four-muscle tenotomy and reattachment (T&R) procedure, including its hypothetical mechanism and therapeutic benefits, accrued over the ten years since its formal proposal; 2) describe augmented-tendon-suture (ATS) techniques to modify and improve the procedure based on one of the originally suggested alternative methods (mechanical); and 3) suggest new procedures (using the ATS techniques) to achieve the same benefits but that require neither extraocular muscle tenotomy nor reattachment to the globe.