Design studies for direct contact condensers with and without the presence of noncondensible gas

Analytical models are presented to predict the condensation in film type direct contact condensation and related processes. The related processes include condensation on a thin film flowing over an isothermal vertical surface and condensation on tube bundles. In addition the effects of noncondensible gases on the above processes are examined. The analysis is based on conservation laws alone and does not use any empirical data. The theoretical models developed are applicable for condensation of a vapor on a thin film which is the same or different from the condensate. However, the cases studied are those of steam condensing on a thin film of water. Valuable design criteria and heat transfer behaviour are presented which provide better insight in designing and understanding the performance of direct contact condensers.