The 2020 Update to North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society's (NANOS) Neuro-Ophthalmology Curriculum

The 2006 North American Neuro-ophthalmology Society (NANOS) Neuro-Ophthalmology Curriculum was created to guide fellowship training and accrediting neuro-ophthalmology fellowship programs in the United States(1). It was also used to develop targeted curricula such as the 'Neuro-Ophthalmology curriculum for the general neurologist' and 'NANOS' Neuro-ophthalmology Examination Techniques (NExT)' to guide neuro-ophthalmology education for residents (neurology and ophthalmology) and medical students (2). The Neuro-Ophthalmology Virtual Education Library (NOVEL, http://NOVEL.utah.edu), an open access, online learning resource used the 2006 NANOS Neuro-Ophthalmology Curriculum to organize its vast repertoire of educational materials to develop the NANOS Illustrated Curriculum, which is now available through Teton Data Systems as an educational product (https://www.tetondata.com/TitleInfo.cshtml?id=694). NOVEL was developed through a collaborative effort between NANOS and the Eccles Health Sciences Library at the University of Utah and houses more than 15,000 learning objects in various multi-media formats such as videos, images, PDF papers, and educational presentations in its collection.

Neuro-Ophthalmology News The 2020 Update to North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society's (NANOS) Neuro-Ophthalmology Curriculum ,, T he 2006 North American Neuro-ophthalmology Society (NANOS) Neuro-Ophthalmology Curriculum was created to guide fellowship training and accrediting neuroophthalmology fellowship programs in the United States(1). It was also used to develop targeted curricula such as the "Neuro-Ophthalmology curriculum for the general neurologist" and "NANOS' Neuro-ophthalmology Examination Techniques (NExT)" to guide neuro-ophthalmology education for residents (neurology and ophthalmology) and medical students (2). The Neuro-Ophthalmology Virtual Education Library (NOVEL, http://NOVEL.utah.edu), an open access, online learning resource used the 2006 NANOS Neuro-Ophthalmology Curriculum to organize its vast repertoire of educational materials to develop the NANOS Illustrated Curriculum, which is now available through Teton Data Systems as an educational product (https://www. tetondata.com/TitleInfo.cshtml?id=694). NOVEL was developed through a collaborative effort between NANOS and the Eccles Health Sciences Library at the University of Utah and houses more than 15,000 learning objects in various multimedia formats such as videos, images, PDF papers, and educational presentations in its collection. The NANOS curriculum committee (Table 1) recently reviewed, revised, and restructured the original curriculum to develop the 2020 update (See Supplemental Digital Content, Appendix, http://links.lww.com/WNO/A429). The updated curriculum incorporates recent developments and disease classifications, eliminates redundant items, makes it relevant to multiple specialties (ophthalmology, neurology, neurosurgery, and otolaryngology), and enhances consistency with the United States and international training, accreditation, and certification requirements (3-8). The goal of the 2020 update of the NANOS NeuroOphthalmology Illustrated Curriculum is to provide a framework that defines the scope of work expected of a practicing neuro-ophthalmologist. The curriculum is not intended to be an exhaustive list of conditions that a neuro-ophthalmologist may expect to see. Rather, we expect the curriculum to serve as an educational plan for fellowship training and self-directed learning for practicing neuro-ophthalmologists throughout their career. We believe that the curriculum should provide a roadmap to chart the path of a medical student through residency and fellowship by including contents relevant to trainees at each level of training. To achieve this goal, we Kedar et al: J Neuro-Ophthalmol 2020; 40: e29-e30 categorized the curriculum based on level of training rather than "level of relevance" to our specialty as follows: • Basic or Level 1: for students (medical, optometry, or neuroscience graduates) and practitioners who want to gain a basic understanding of the visual and nervous system. • Intermediate or Level 2: for trainees who have a basic knowledge of the visual and nervous system, such as residents or fellows in ophthalmology, neurology, and optometry. Some educational content is appropriate for trainees in otolaryngology, neurosurgery, neurooncology, and physiatry. • Advanced or Level 3: for fellowship training in neuroophthalmology and for practitioners who wish to develop and maintain expertise in neuro-ophthalmology and neuro-otology. This effort was more challenging than expected because categorization was dependent on the training background. As an example, Lewy body dementia would be Level 2 for neurology residents but not for the ophthalmology residents. Similarly, uveitis would be Level 2 for ophthalmology residents but not the neurology resident. These contents were labeled with an asterisk to serve as a guide to training directors to customize the curriculum based on their needs. We anticipate that this curriculum will provide a framework for development and/or revision of existing curricula for medical students and residents (specifically, neurology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, optometry, and neurosurgery). Sachin Kedar, MBBS, MD Departments of Neurological Sciences, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska Kathleen B. Digre, MD Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurology, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah Valérie Biousse, MD, on behalf of the NANOS Curriculum Committee Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's Web site (www. jneuro-ophthalmology.com). e29 Copyright © North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited. Neuro-Ophthalmology News TABLE 1. 2018-2020 NANOS Curriculum Committee 1. Sachin Kedar MBBS, MD (Chair): Departments of Neurological Sciences, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 2. Kathleen Digre MD (Vice Chair): Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurology, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 3. Valérie Biousse MD (Advisor): Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 4. M. Tariq Bhatti MD (Member): Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurology. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 5. Sophia Chung MD (Member): Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 6. Valerie Elmalem MD (Member): New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 7. Julie Falardeau MD (Member): Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 8. Clare Fraser MBBS (Member): Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia 9. Daniel Gold DO (Member): Departments of Neurology, Ophthalmology, Neurosurgery, Otolaryngology, Emergency Medicine, & Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 10. Karl Golnik MD (Member): University of Cincinnati & the Cincinnati Eye Institute, Cincinnati, OH; University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 11. Sean Gratton MD (Member): Departments of neurology and ophthalmology, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 12. Amanda Henderson MD (Member): Division of Neuro-Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 13. William Hills MD (Member): Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 14. Sangeeta Khanna MD (Member): Department of Ophthalmology and Neurology, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO. 15. Shannon Lynch MD (Member): Departments of Neurological Sciences, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 16. Devin Mackay MD (Member): Departments of Neurology, Ophthalmology, and Neurosurgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 17. Raghu C. Mudumbai MD (Member): Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA 18. Benjamin Osborne MD (Member): Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington D.C. 19. Victoria Pelak MD (Member): Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 20. Jason Peragallo MD (Member): Departments of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 21. John Pula MD (Member): Department of Neurology, North Shore University Health System, Evanston, IL 22. Andrea Stahulak MD (Member): Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 23. Aimee Szewka MD (Member): Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 24. Gregory Van Stavern MD (Member): Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 25. Amrita Vuppala MD (Member): Departments of Neurological Sciences, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 26. Zoë Williams MD (Member): Department of Neurosurgery, Ophthalmology and Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 27. Nancy Lombardo MLS (Member): Eccles Health Sciences Library, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT REFERENCES 1. Biousse V. The Neuro-Ophthalmology Curriculum of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society (NANOS). J Neuroophthalmol. 2006;26:303-315. 2. Lombardo N, Kedar S, Digre K. Neuro-Ophthalmology Virtual Education Library (NOVEL) 2019 update: North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society's Neuro-Ophthalmology Examination Techniques (NExT) and illustrated curriculum are online. J Neuroophthalmol. 2019;39:e3-e5. 3. American Academy of Neurology. Neuro-Ophthalmology/ Neuro-Otology Residency Core Curriculum. Available at: https://www.aan.com/siteassets/home-page/tools-andresources/academic-neurologist-researchers/teachingmaterials/aan-core-curricula-for-program-directorstor/ neuroopthalmology-residency-core-curriculum_tr.pdf. Accessed April 1, 2020. e30 4. American Academy of Ophthalmology. 2019-2020 Basic and Clinical Science Course. Section 5. Neuro-Ophthalmology. Last major revision 2017-2018. 5. American Academy of Neurology. Continuum (Minneap Minn). Dinkin M (Guest Editor). Neuro-Ophthalmology. 2019;25. 6. American Board for Psychiatry and Neurology. Certification Examination in Neurology. 2019. Content Outline: https://www. abpn.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/2020_Neurology_ CERT_Content_Specifications.pdf. Accessed April 1, 2020. 7. International Council of Ophthalmology Residency and NeuroOphthalmology Subspecialty Curriculum. Available at: http://www. icoph.org/refocusing_education/curricula.html#ICO%20Residency% 20Curriculum. Accessed April 1, 2020. 8. European Board of Ophthalmology Syllabus & Recommended Reading. Available at: https://www.ebo-online.org/wp-content/ uploads/EBO-Curriculum-Neuro-Ophthalmology.pdf. Accessed April 1, 2020. Kedar et al: J Neuro-Ophthalmol 2020; 40: e29-e30 Copyright © North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.