Unraveling Concussion: A Perspective on Efferent Symptoms and Signs

Visual symptoms and eye movements have attracted tremendous attention in the field of mild traumatic brain injury since 2007 and especially over the past 5 years. Interpreting the vast number of recent studies is complex, since eye movement applications are studied in a number of different ways (i.e., eye movements evoking symptoms, true clinical classic eye movement abnormalities, vision-based sideline concussion tests, and eye tracking studies employing innumerable different trackers and techniques) and since the field is more interdisciplinary than in any other field of eye movement study. Neurologists, neuroscientists, rehabilitation clinicians and therapists, optometrists, orthopaedic surgeons, neurosurgeons, kinesiologists, and athletic trainers are amongst the varied providers publishing articles related to eye movements in concussion - which leads to immense variability in the literature.