Professor of Neurology, School of Medicine, CASE Western Reserve University, University Hospitals - Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
Subject
Brain Stem; Eye Movement Disorders
Description
In this series, the importance of the brainstem in eye movements is discussed, with particular emphasis is placed on the signficance of the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF), the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF), and the nuclei and projections of cranial nerves III and VI. Correlates between the anatomical pathways of eye movements and pathological disorders resulting from brain stem lesions are made. Specifically, parinaud's syndrome, intranuclear ophthalmoplegia, one-and-a-half syndrome and gustatory lid retraction are described. KEYWORDS: brainstem eye movements, horizontal eye movements, PPRF, paramedian pontine reticular formation, MLF, medial longitudinal fasciculus, intranuclear ophthalmoplegia, parinaud's, dorsal midbrain syndrome, pre-tectal syndrome, one-and-a-half syndrome, gustatory lid retraction, gaze-evoked ear retraction
