While the advent of cross sectional imaging enabled accurate anatomic analysis of internal organs without the need for open or invasive procedures, the need for obtaining physiologic information that can be combined with anatomic data for a more comprehensive analysis of tissue pathophysiology has spurred the development of various CT, MRI and nuclear medicine-based techniques. Some of these techniques have already been vogue for a decade or more (e.g., diffusion weighted imaging) while others are in the translational stage. The objective of this presentation is to discuss these techniques with emphasis on their clinical applications.