Walsh & Hoyt: Saccadic System

Saccades are the rapid eye movements that quickly redirect the eye such that an image of an object is brought to the fovea. Here we use the term ""saccade"" for all fast eye movements, including both voluntary and involuntary changes of fixation, the quick phases of vestibular and optokinetic nystagmus, and the rapid eye movements that occur during sleep (REM sleep). The involuntary fast eye movements that make up one phase of jerk nystagmus are often termed quick phases rather than saccades, but vestibular and optokinetic nystagmus quick phases have amplitudevelocity relationships like voluntary and visually evoked saccades. Characteristics of saccades. Saccadic speed. Saccadic latency (initiation time). Saccadic accuracy. Processing of visual information for saccades. Vision during saccades. Neurophysiology and neuroanatomy of saccadic eye movements. Brain stem generation of horizontal saccades. Brain stem generation of vertical and torsional saccades. Neural integration of the saccadic pulse. Feedback control of saccades. Cerebral control of saccadic eye movements. Cerebellar regulation of saccades. Adaptive control of saccade amplitude.