Artificial Intelligence in Neuro-Ophthalmology: What the Future Holds

Despite the current hype in almost every area of society (and medicine), artificial intelligence (AI) is not very new. Machine learning (ML), one of the first AI methods described in the 1950's, was based on the ability of a computer to ‘learn ', using various statistical techniques and without explicit programming for this purpose. The extraordinary recent technical development of computers with high GPU processing power has allowed for the recent emergence of deep learning (DL), the state-of-the- art technique in ML that is particularly well-adapted for image analysis. DL techniques have allowed new algorithms to make predictions of various outcomes, diagnosis, etc. based on ‘learning' (training) using large datasets, using either a supervised or an un-supervised approach.