Surface modification of hydroxyapatite deposition onto titanium nanotubes for biomedical applications

Ti and Ti alloys have been successfully used as orthopedic and dental implants. Various types of surface modification methods have been investigated to further improve the bioactivity of titanium. Growth of the hydroxyapatite onto nanotutbular titania was done by pulsed electrodeposition. The purpose of this study is to improve this surface by annealing the amorphous nanotubes to the anatase which is more efficient in nucleation and growth of apatite due to their crystal lattice match. Prior to the electrodeposition, the anodized nanotubes were heat-treated at 350 oC for 2 hours, and then they were electrodeposited in simulated body fluid. It is shown that heat treatment of nanotubular TiO2 could give us the better cohesion and bioactivity.