Retinal/Choroidal Dysfunction Caused by Cavernous Sinus AV Shunts

To determine the prognostic value of clinical evaluation, fluorescein angiography (FA), and electroretinography (ERG) in predicting persistent poor visual acuity 01 A) after closure of arteriovenous (A V) shunts to the cavernous sinus in patients with shunt-associated retinal or choroidal dysfunction. Methods. Six subjects with cavernous sinus AV shunts, 4 with retinopathy and 2 with choroidal effusion, were evaluated using the following methods: I) scotopic and photopic ERGs, 2) fA, 3) relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) measurement, and 4) grading of retinal hemorrhages and cotton wool. spots in 5 retinal regions.