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76 Ocular FlutterThis little boy complained of difficulty focusing. On examination he was found to have ocular flutter. He was otherwise neurologically intact and in good general health. Investigations were directed to rule out 1. Neuroblastoma (see ID 936-8) 2. Enterovirus infection 3. Parainfect...Image/MovingImage
77 Third Nerve PalsyThis patient is a 58 year old woman from Peru who, in 1975, developed intermittent headaches and right retro-orbital eye pain. She was seen by several ophthalmologists in South America who were unable to make a diagnosis. In March 1977 she awoke one morning with vertical diplopia most marked on...Image/MovingImage
78 Ocular Motor ApraxiaThis elderly patient was referred to the Movement Disorder Clinic for evaluation of abnormal head thrust movements when asked to look on command to the right or to the left. His random eye movements were full vertically and horizontally. Diagnosis: Acquired Ocular Motor Apraxia ...Image/MovingImage
79 Congenital Ocular Motor ApraxiaThis little boy was born at term after a normal pregnancy. There was no family history of a neurological or ophthalmological disease. His mother noted from birth that he turned his head instead of his eyes and frequently tried to fix objects on either side by making a quick turn of the head past...Image/MovingImage
80 Congenital Ocular Motor ApraxiaThis 3 year old boy was referred for evaluation of inattention. He was born at term after a normal pregnancy. He had been noted, in early childhood, to have difficulty looking to the right and to the left and was slow to read.Image/MovingImage
81 Supranuclear Paralysis of UpgazeThis young child presented with headache and unsteadiness. He was found to have obstructive hydrocephalus, aqueduct stenosis and a medulloblastoma. The constellation of clinical eye signs localized to the Dorsal Midbrain and included: • Supranuclear paralysis of upgaze (saccadic and pursuit move...Image/MovingImage
82 Congenital Horizontal Gaze PalsyThe patient is an 8 year old boy with a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by congenital absence of conjugate horizontal eye movements preservation of vertical gaze and convergence and progressive scoliosis (HGPPS) developing in childhood. The child was referred to Dr. Cogan with a ...Image/MovingImage
83 Benign Essential BlepharospasmPatient is a 55 year old woman functionally blind from severe benign essential blepharospasm. She presented with frequent blinking.continuous spasms of eye closure and great difficulty opening her eyes i.e. blepharospasm associated "apraxia of eyelid opening". Symptomatic Inquiry negative for...Image/MovingImage
84 Jaw WinkingThis young boy was born at full term after a normal pregnancy with congenital unilateral ptosis of the left eyelid. His mother noticed that when he was sucking on a bottle the ptotic eyelid opened and closed. A diagnosis of the Marcus-Gunn jaw winking phenomenon was made. The first case of thi...Image/MovingImage
85 Saccadic Initiation Deficit of Horizontal SaccadesThe patient is a 68 year old right handed retired air conditioner repair man who presented with impaired balance and slow walking. For about one year he had noted difficulty lifting his feet high enough when climbing the stairs. From that time on, his movements slowed and worsened so that he had ...Image/MovingImage
86 Palatal TremorThis patient presented with an acute brainstem stroke with: 1. A unilateral lower motor neuron (LMN) facial palsy on the right 2. A horizontal gaze palsy to the right 3. Mild unsteadiness walking The infarct localized clinically to the right side of the pons involving the abducens nucleus and the g...Image/MovingImage
87 Downbeat NystagmusThis patient carries a diagnosis of Type I Chiari malformation. Neurological symptoms of a Chiari malformation may not develop until adolescence or adult life as in this man. The symptoms may be those of: 1. Increased intracranial pressure, mainly headache 2. Progressive cerebellar ataxia 3. Progre...Image/MovingImage
88 Supranuclear Paralysis of UpgazeThe patient is a 37 year old man with a history of intravenous drug abuse, AIDS, and tuberculosis. He presented with a chief complaint of unsteadiness walking for two weeks and vertical diplopia for four days. Past History: Human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive When his CD4 lymphocyte count b...Image/MovingImage
89 Apraxia of Eyelid OpeningIn January 1997, This 73 year old patient was referred to the Neurovisual Clinic. At that time his speech was slurred and he stated that his eyes were his "biggest" complaint due to: 1. Impaired focusing "close up" 2. His eyes shut spontaneously much of the time 3. Bright sunlight provoked eye ...Image/MovingImage
90 Upbeat NystagmusThe patient is a 50 year old woman who presented in November 1977 with a transient facial droop, nystagmus, diplopia, dysarthria and vertigo. She was admitted to New England Tufts Medical Center and had an extensive workup including an electroencephalogram, first generation CT brain scan, angiogram ...Image/MovingImage
91 Supranuclear Vertical Gaze PalsyThis 58 year old woman was referred to Dr. Robert Brown in March 1995 for evaluation of slurred speech. She remained under his care until her death. On examination she had signs of a pseudobulbar palsy: Dysarthria and dysphagia Diminished palatal movement...Image/MovingImage
92 Ataxic GaitThe patient is a 72 year old woman who presented with a 4 year history of progressive difficulty with balance, frequent falls and unsteadiness walking. She required a cane to steady herself. Past History: Significant for alcohol abuse. In 1980, she came to Boston for a second opinion and was seen...Image/MovingImage
93 Bilateral Internuclear OphthalmoplegiaThis patient was seen at the Yale Eye Center at the age of 37. She had a long history of multiple sclerosis. At age 22, she had an acute attack of optic neuritis in the left eye which recovered fully within three weeks. Some months later she had a recurrent episode in the same eye, which also ...Image/MovingImage
94 Supranuclear Paralysis of DowngazeJohn Trojanowski and I published this case in Neurology in 1980.(12) At that time, it was one of the first of five reports in the literature of the pathological localization of lesions in the midbrain that are responsible for selective supranuclear paralysis of downgaze. This case is of particula...Image/MovingImage
95 Pendular Horizontal OscillationsThis 37 year old woman has had progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) affecting the cerebellum and brainstem for 6 years. Neurological examination: Titubation Dysarthria Incoordination of the extremities Ataxic gait Spastic paraparesis with generalized hyperreflexia and extensor plantar responses. ...Image/MovingImage
96 Pendular Vertical OscillationsIn 1996 this 50 year old woman had the acute onset of tingling in the left arm and mild ataxia. In 1974 because of progressive symptoms and the onset of double vision attributed to a bilateral sixth nerve palsy, she consulted a neurologist at an outside hospital. She was given a diagnosis of Multip...Image/MovingImage
97 Saccadic Initiation Deficit of Horizontal SaccadesThe patient is a 78 year old left handed woman with a diagnosis of a left parietal infarct in 1995, bilateral carotid artery stenosis and hypertension. She was first seen in August 1997 for evaluation of involuntary movements of the lower face in the setting of rapidly progressive dementia and was...Image/MovingImage
98 Supranuclear Paralysis of UpgazeThis 84 year old woman carried the following diagnoses: 1. Extrapyramidal movement disorder; Parkinson's disease vs. Progressive supranuclear palsy 2. Hypertension 3. Recurrent left Bell's palsy In 1992, the patient and her family noted that she was drifting to the right when driving. She progress...Image/MovingImage
99 Dressing ApraxiaThe patient is a 72 year old right handed woman who presented in November 1995 with the sudden onset of impaired coordination of visual and motor skills following an inner right ear infection. One of her problems was difficulty sitting on a chair as she tended to place her body incorrectly. By lat...Image/MovingImage
100 Bilateral Sixth Nerve PalsyThe patient is a 22 year old man. Five days prior to admission (PTA) he developed a sore throat, non-productive cough and a temperature of 99.8 during the day and chills and diaphoresis at night. Four days PTA he had double vision in primary gaze, difficulty with his balance and gait, and a tinglin...Image/MovingImage
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