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| Title | Date | Subject | Description | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 76 |
 |
Utah's place in the macro-demographics of the U.S. in the 20th century | 2006-03 | Utah has evolved from an isolated rural state of fewer than 300,000 in 1900 to a mostly urban state of 2.5 million today. This paper is an attempt to place this population growth within the context of the broadest outlines of national population dynamics over the past century. The growth and regiona... | |
| 77 |
 |
Utah's demographic transformation: a view into the future | 2008 | Utah, along with the rest of the nation, is in the midst of an extraordinary demographic transformation which has far from run its course. The confluence of four major trends continues to dramatically reshape the size and composition of the national and state populations. These trends include the ar... | |
| 78 |
 |
Salt Lake County's distinctive demographics: implications for the future | 2006-11 | Salt Lake County is the economic, political, and cultural center of Utah. The county is currently home to nearly 40% of Utah residents and generates about half of all jobs in the state. It remains the most populous county, with a million of the state's 2.6 million residents,2 and its daytime populat... | |
| 79 |
 |
Experimental and modeling study of particulate formation in high-pressure diesel-like conditions | 2000 | particulate formation; high-pressure diesel-like conditions; diesel combustion process; tailpipe particulate emissions | The diesel combustion process has been characterized by combined measurements of flame intensity and extinction in the UV-visible range in an optically accessible divided-chamber diesel engine at different air/fuel ratios and constant engine speed, using n-heptane and commercial diesel oil as fuels.... |
| 80 |
 |
Mechanism and kinetics of lead capture by kaolinite in a downflow combustor | 2000 | mechanism and kinetics; lead capture; kaolinite; downflow combustor; postflame reaction; lead vapor | An 18 kW, 6 m long, gas-fired downflow combustor was used to examine the postflame reaction between lead vapor and kaolinite. Since the focus of this work was to evaluate the reaction with lead vapor, samples were extracted at a temperature above the metal dew point. The sample was rapidly diluted w... |
| 81 |
 |
In-furnace capture of cadmium and other semi-volatile metals by sorbents | 2005 | in-furnace capture; cadmium capture; semi-volatile metals; sorbents; sorbent utilization | An 18 kW, cylindrical (inside diameter = 15-cm), 6-m high, laminar, downflow furnace was used to investigate the mechanisms governing reactive scavenging of cadmium vapors from combustion environments, by hydrated lime and kaolinite powder sorbents. Two major physical mechanisms dominate the reactio... |
| 82 |
 |
Parallelization of the P-1 radiation model | 2006 | parallelization; P-1 radiation model; radiative transport equation; LES; large-eddy simulations; RTE | The P-1 radiation model is spatially decomposed to solve the radiative transport equation on parallel computers. Mathematical libraries developed by third parties are employed to solve the linear systems that result during the solution procedure. Multigrid preconditioning accelerated the convergence... |
| 83 |
 |
Biofuels--snake oil for the twenty-first century | 2008-12-01 | Most Americans are painfully aware that our present consumption of petroleum is unsustainable. The United States has less than 5% of the world's population, but consumes 24.4% of the world's petroleum production. Only 8.5% of the world's petroleum production comes from American wells, which necessit... | |
| 84 |
 |
Importance of bitumen viscosity in the hot water processing of domestic tar sands | 1983 | bitumen viscosity; hot water processing; domestic tar sands; bitumen recovery | The separation efficiency of the hot water digestionflotation technique used for bitumen recovery from various domestic tar sands was evaluated. Bitumen viscosity was found to be the most important tar sand property in determining the success of the bitumen separation. Bitumen viscosity of the tar s... |
| 85 |
 |
Nitric oxide destruction during coal and char oxidation under pulverized-coal combustion conditions | 2004 | nitric oxide destruction; coal and char oxidation; pulverized-coal combustion; particle distribution; conversion efficiency | A modified drop-tube reactor that allows particle distribution over the reactor cross-sectional area, and oxidation of chars produced in situ, was used to study the conversion efficiency of char nitrogen to nitric oxide (aNO). The results confirm previous findings by other investigators that aNO dec... |
| 86 |
 |
High-temperature interactions between multiple-metals and kaolinite | 2002 | high-temperature interactions; multiple-metals; kaolinite | High-temperature combustion flue gases provided the environments for this investigation of multiple-metals interactions with dispersed kaolinite. Whereas previous research was restricted to interactions of single-metals with kaolinite powders, this work focuses on understanding how kaolinite transfo... |
| 87 |
 |
Taking another look at Utah's tar sand resources | 2009 | tar sand; tar sand resources; unconventional energy resource; alternate energy resource; oil impregnated sandstone; oil sand; bitumous sandstone; energy resource | Recent increases in the price of crude oil have sparked renewed interest in unconventional energy resources, including Utah s tar sands. Tar sands (also called oil-impregnated sandstones, oil sands, and bituminous sandstones) are, as the names imply, sandstones that are saturated or filled with blac... |
| 88 |
 |
On the relevance of surface growth in soot formation in premixed flames | 2000 | surface growth; soot formation; premixed flames; surface growth mechanisims; particle mass accumulation | The role of surface growth mechanisms in particle mass accumulation was investigated in rich, premixed, ethylene/air flames from non-sooting to moderately sooting conditions using in situ optical diagnostics and predictions from a detailed chemical kinetic model. Particles formed just after the flam... |
| 89 |
 |
FT-IR and 1H NMR characterization of the products of an ethylene inverse diffusion flame | 2006 | ethylene inverse diffusion flame products; analysis of the chemical functional groups; FT-IR and 1H NMR | Knowledge of the chemical structure of young soot and its precursors is very useful in the understanding of the paths leading to soot particle inception. This paper presents analyses of the chemical functional groups, based on FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy of the products obtained in an ethylene inv... |
| 90 |
 |
Vaporization of arsenic, selenium and antimony during coal combustion | 2001 | coal-fired power; arsenic; selenium; antimony; coal combustion; ubmicron particles; vaporization during coal combustion | Accumulation of toxic trace elements generated by coal-fired power stations presents a serious threat to the environment. Field testing and laboratory studies have revealed the existence of trace elements in submicron particles emitted from power stations. Arsenic, selenium, and antimony are present... |
| 91 |
 |
The partitioning of arsenic during pulverized coal combustion | 2000 | arsenic partitioning; arsenic; pulverized coal combustion; coal-fired electric utility; coal; arsenic volatilization; volatilized arsenic. | An important issue facing the coal-fired electric utility industry is the environmental impact resulting from the release of arsenic contained in the coal. Depending on the forms of occurrence in the coal and transformation mechanism involved, arsenic-containing compounds may exit the furnace in the... |
| 92 |
 |
The fate of char-N at pulverized coal conditions | 2003 | char-N; pulverized coal conditions; pulverized coal; coal char. | The fate of char-N (nitrogen removed from the coal matrix during char oxidation) has been widely studied at fluidized bed conditions. This work extends the study of char-N to pulverized coal conditions. Coal chars from five parent coals were prepared and burned in a laboratory-scale pulverized coal ... |
| 93 |
 |
Formation pathways of ethynyl-substituted and cyclopenta-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons | 2000 | formation pathways of aromatic hydrocarbons; aromatic hydrocarbons; ethynyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons; cyclopenta-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; PAH; ethynyl-PAH | Two novel classes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), those with ethynyl substituents (ethynyl- PAH) and those with externally fused five-membered rings (cyclopenta-fused PAH or CP-PAH), have recently been identified in the products of a variety of fuels and combustion/pyrolysis environments.... |
| 94 |
 |
On trimodal particle size distributions in fly ash from pulverized-coal combustion | 2002 | trimordal particle size distributions; fly ash; pulverized-coal combustion; fine particles; PM | Combustion-generated fine particles, defined as those with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 lm, have come under increased regulatory scrutiny because of suspected links to adverse human health effects. Whereas classical theories regarding coal combustion suggest that mechanisms of ash vaporizatio... |
| 95 |
 |
Modeling the rich combustion of aliphatic hydrocarbons | 2000 | rich combustion; aliphatic hydrocarbons; kinetic mechanism; benzene formation; high-molecular-mass aromatic compounds | A new kinetic mechanism has been developed for the formation of benzene and high-molecular-mass aromatic compounds in rich flames of aliphatic hydrocarbons. The kinetic scheme emphasizes both the role of resonantly stabilized radicals in the growth of aromatics and the standard acetylene addition me... |
| 96 |
 |
Effect of ethanol on the chemical structure of the soot extractable material of an ethylene inverse diffusion flame | 2007 | Soot extractable material; Ethylene inversion diffusion flame; Aromatic fused rings; Neat flame; Chloroform-extractable material; Aliphatic component; Incomplete combustion; Fossil fuels; Ethanol; Soot; Emission; Soot particles; Polyaromatic hydrocarbons; Potential carcinogen | The effect of fuel-side ethanol addition on the chemical structure of the soot extractable material generated in an ethylene inverse diffusion flame was evaluated by means of average structural parameters. The results indicate that the ethanol effect on the aromatic components was more pronounced, w... |
| 97 |
 |
Problems frequently encountered in evaluating tar sand resources-the South Texas San Miguel deposit | 1987-11-02 | evaluating tar sand resources; tar sand resources; South Texas San Miguel deposit; OOIP; tar sand deposit | Good porosity and fluid saturation values are essential for accurately delineating original oil in place (OOIP) and evaluating the effectiveness of in situ recovery methods. Whereas the techniques for measuring and calculating these parameters from cores or downhole logs are well established for mos... |
| 98 |
 |
State space sensitivity to a prescribed probability density function shape in coal combustion system: Joint B-PDF versus clipped Gaussian PDF | 2000 | space sensitivity; coal combustion; b-PDF mixing model; three coal-off gas; pulverized-coal research furnace | The turbulent transport of three coal off-gas mixture fractions is coupled to a prescribed joint b-probability- density-function (b-PDF) mixing model. This physical transport and subgrid joint b-PDF mixing model is used to explore the incorporation of coal off-gas compositional disparities between t... |
| 99 |
 |
Modeling the vaporization of ash constituents in a coal-fired boiler | 2000 | vaporization of ash constituents; coal-fired boiler; minimizing harmful emissions; vaporization | Emissions of fine particulate and trace toxic metals are being subjected to increasing regulation. This paper addresses how the emission of these compounds can be influenced by changes in combustion conditions, particularly those selected to minimize NOx emissions. The vaporization and condensation ... |
| 100 |
 |
Relationships between composition and pulmonary toxicity of prototype particles from coal combustion and pyrolysis | 2009 | toxicity; prototype particles; coal combustion; pyrolysis; health effects; coal combustion fly-ash particles | The hypothesis that health effects associated with coal combustion fly-ash particles are exacerbated by the simultaneous presence of iron and soot was tested through two sets of experiments. The first set created prototype particles from complete and partial combustion, or oxygen free pyrolysis of a... |