A collection of videos relating to the diagnosis and treatment of eye movement disorders. This collection includes many demonstrations of examination techniques.
Dan Gold, D.O., Associate Professor of Neurology, Ophthalmology, Neurosurgery, Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Emergency Medicine, and Medicine, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.
A collection of videos relating to the diagnosis and treatment of eye movement disorders.
NOVEL: https://novel.utah.edu/
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Figure 61: Vascular Distribution and Anatomy (Including 6th, 7th, 8th Nerves, MLF) of the Pons (Supplement) | Image | |
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Figure 61: Vascular Distribution and Anatomy (Including 6th, 7th, 8th Nerves, MLF) of the Pons (Supplement) | Image | |
| 28 |
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Figure 64: The Course of the 3rd (III) Nerve | The 3rd nucleus lies at the ventral border of the periaqueductal gray matter, at the level of the superior colliculus. In between the two nuclei is the midline central caudal nucleus (CCN), which innervates bilateral levator palpebrae muscles (explaining how a unilateral nuclear 3rd can cause bilate... | Image |
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Figure 64: The Course of the 3rd (III) Nerve (Supplement) | Image | |
| 30 |
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Figure 65: Vascular Distribution and Anatomy (Including 3rd Nerve) of the Rostral Midbrain | In this axial section of the midbrain at the level of the superior colliculus, the paired 3rd nuclei are located ventral to the periaqueductal grey, and the midline central caudal nucleus (CCN) is located in between. The fascicles that exit the IIIrd nuclei carry the fibers destined to innervate the... | Image |
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Figure 65: Vascular Distribution and Anatomy (Including 3rd Nerve) of the Rostral Midbrain (Supplement) | Image | |
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Figure 65: Vascular Distribution and Anatomy (Including 3rd Nerve) of the Rostral Midbrain (Supplement) | Image | |
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Figure 68: The Course of the 4th (IV) Nerve | The 4th nucleus lies at the ventral border of the periaqueductal gray matter, at the level of the inferior colliculus. The fascicles exit the nucleus dorsally and decussate at the anterior medullary velum (anterior floor of the fourth ventricle), and then exit the brainstem dorsally. The peripheral ... | Image |
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Figure 68: The Course of the 4th (IV) Nerve (Supplement) | Image | |
| 35 |
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Figure 69: Vascular Distribution and Anatomy (Including 4th Nerve) of the Caudal Midbrain | In this axial section of the midbrain at the level of the inferior colliculus, the 4th nuclei are located ventral to the periaqueductal grey, dorsal to the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) and medial to the oculosympathetic tract. Fascicles exit the nucleus dorsally and decussate at the anterior... | Image |
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Figure 69: Vascular Distribution and Anatomy (Including 4th Nerve) of the Caudal Midbrain (Supplement) | Image | |
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Figure 69: Vascular Distribution and Anatomy (Including 4th Nerve) of the Caudal Midbrain (Supplement) | Image | |
| 38 |
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Figure 80: Vascular Distribution and Anatomy Relevant to the Medial Medullary Syndrome | This axial section of the medulla highlights those structures that, when damaged, are often responsible for spontaneous upbeat nystagmus (UBN). The nucleus of Roller and nucleus intercalatus normally have an inhibitory influence over the cerebellar flocculus, and when there is a lesion of Roller/int... | Image |
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Figure 80: Vascular Distribution and Anatomy Relevant to the Medial Medullary Syndrome (Supplement) | Image | |
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Figure 80: Vascular Distribution and Anatomy Relevant to the Medial Medullary Syndrome (Supplement) | Image | |
| 41 |
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Medullary Structures Relevant to the Ocular Motor and Vestibular Consequences of Lateral Medullary (Wallenberg) Syndrome | This is an axial section of the medulla showing the structures that, when damaged, are responsible for the vestibular and ocular motor features of the lateral medullary or Wallenberg syndrome. The nucleus prepositus hypoglossi (NPH) and medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) complex is important for horizo... | Image |
| 42 |
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Medullary Structures Relevant to Upbeat Nystagmus | This is an axial section of the medulla, slightly more caudal as compared to (please refer to figure "medullary structures relevant to the ocular motor and vestibular consequences of the lateral medullary (Wallenberg) syndrome). Again seen are the inferior cerebellar peduncle (ICP) and caudal aspect... | Image |
| 43 |
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Neuro-Ophthalmic Features and Pseudo-MG Lid Signs in Miller Fisher Syndrome (Figure 1) | This is a 51-year-old woman who presented with imbalance, acute onset dizziness and diplopia that developed over three days following two weeks of upper respiratory infection and bacterial conjunctivitis. When she was initially seen as an outpatient, nystagmus was noted to the right and left, and a ... | Image |
| 44 |
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Ocular Motor & Vestibular Features of the MLF Syndrome (Figures 1, 2, and 3) | This 61-year-old woman with HTN and DM presented for evaluation of acute onset diagonal diplopia. Adduction OS was about 60% of normal while medialization OS improved with convergence. In right gaze, dissociated abducting nystagmus was present OD, and there was a clear adduction lag when asking he... | Image |
| 45 |
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Oculopalatal Tremor with Prominent Nystagmus, Bilateral Horizontal Gaze Palsy, and Bilateral Facial Palsies (Figure 1) | Figure 1, MRI T2 sequence demonstrating hyperintensities involving bilateral inferior olives of the medulla. This is a 50-year-old woman who experienced the acute onset of right sixth and seventh nerve palsies and left hemiparesis. Two cavernomas within the right pons (one in the region of the facia... | Image |
| 46 |
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Periodic Alternating Nystagmus Due to Nodulus Stroke (Figure 1) | This is a 70-year-old woman who experienced the acute onset of vertigo and imbalance. MRI demonstrated a diffusion-weighted imaging hyperintensity involving the nodulus (with corresponding ADC hypointensity) consistent with an acute stroke. On examination several weeks after the stroke, periodic alt... | Image |
| 47 |
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Pons: 6th and 7th Nerve Anatomy and the Central Segmental Tract | From this cross-section of the pons, the proximity of the 6th nucleus to the 7th nerve fascicles is apparent. This is the basis of the so-called facial colliculus syndrome, where an ipsilesional horizontal gaze palsy from a nuclear 6th lesion (usually related to stroke or demyelination) can be seen ... | Image |
| 48 |
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Pons: 6th, 7th, 8th, and Middle Cerebellar Peduncle Anatomy | From this cross-section of the pons, the proximity of the 7th and 8th fascicles can be appreciated, and a lateral inferior pontine syndrome (anterior inferior cerebellar artery territory), which could involve both of these fascicles, could cause acute prolonged vertigo accompanied by a + ipsilateral... | Image |
| 49 |
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Relationship Between Semicircular Canals and Extraocular Muscles | Figure 1: When stimulated, each of the 6 angular acceleration detecting semicircular canals (3 on the right and 3 on the left) responds with a conjugate eye movement, with the vector(s) indicated below. PC=posterior canal; HC=horizontal (also known as lateral) canal; AC=anterior (also known as super... | Image |
| 50 |
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Saccadic Pathways in the Brainstem and Cerebellum & Mechanism for Saccadic Dysmetria in Wallenberg Syndrome - Abnormal Function of the Brainstem/Cerebellar Saccadic Pathways with a Left Wallenberg Syndrome | The end result of a lesion involving the climbing fibers within the left lateral medulla is deficient rightward saccades (contralesional hypometric saccades), and over-active leftward saccades (ipsilesional hypermetric saccades), and ipsilesional ocular lateropulsion given this baseline imbalance. M... | Image |