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TitleDescriptionCreator
26 Funduscopic Findings of Acute Central Retinal Artery OcclusionA 59-year-old man was referred for assessment acute vision loss in the right eye. His examination showed: best-corrected visual acuity: light perception OD, 20/20 OS; pupils: Relative afferent pupillary defect OD; color vision: unable to visualize control plate OD, 14/14 OS correct Ishihara plates. ...David B. Enfield, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
27 Ganglion Cell Layer Analysis by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)A normal optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the macula is shown (Figure 1) and the various layers of the retina are labelled (Figure 2). The cell bodies of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) are located in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) of the retina and mostly synapse in the lateral geniculate nucleus ...Jonathan A. Micieli, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
28 Geniculate Nucleus Metastasis with Homonymous SectoranopiaThis is a case of multiple brain metastases in the setting of bladder cancer complicated with right homonymous horizontal sectoranopia. Figure 1: Pet-scan showing liver (yellow arrows) and kidneys (red arrow) metastases Figure 2: Goldmann Visual Fields: Right homonymous horizontal sectoranopia Figu...Rabih Hage, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
29 Giant Cell Arteritis: Temporal Artery Anatomy and HistologyGross anatomy and histology of the normal superficial temporal artery.; Histopathology of the superficial temporal artery involved by active and healed GCA; Summary of the main histopathologic findings in GCASamuel Bidot, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
30 Homonymous Hemianopia Secondary to an Intracranial Bleed from an Arteriovenous MalformationThis case demonstrates a homonymous hemianopia resulting from hemorrhage secondary to a ruptured intracranial arteriovenous malformation (AVM), providing grounds for illustration and discussion of the correlations between localization of this lesion on cerebral imaging and resultant visual field and...Lauren Hudson, MD, PhD; Valérie Biousse, MD
31 Incipient Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION)A 61-year old white man with hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidema was seen in neuro-ophthalmology consultation for asymptomatic right optic disc edema. He had a small, crowded optic disc in the left eye known as a "disc-at-risk" (Figure 1). He had normal visual function including normal 24-2 SITA...Jonathan A. Micieli, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
32 Incipient Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION) Evolving to Symptomatic NAIONA 54-year old woman with hypertension was seen in neuro-ophthalmology consultation for asymptomatic left optic disc edema. She had a small, crowded optic disc in the right eye known as a "disc-at-risk" (Figure 1). Her visual function including 24-2 SITA-Fast Humphrey visual fields were normal in bot...Jonathan A. Micieli, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
33 Internal Carotid Artery / Posterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm with Third Nerve Palsy Shown on CT AngiogramInternal Carotid Artery / Posterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm with Third Nerve Palsy Shown on CT Angiogram ; anatomic description of vascular and bony findings on the CTA. - Figure 1 : 51 year-old man complaining of painful binocular diplopia. Orange arrows indicate the direction of gaze. In p...Samuel Bidot, MD; Amit M. Saindane, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
34 Iris TransilluminationSingle case of iris transillumination in a patient with albinism. Figure 1 : Anterior segment photograph demonstrating reddish hue to iris in albinism Figure 2 : Slit lamp photograph with retroillumination demonstrating iris transillumination Figure 3 : Slit lamp photograph with retroillumination...Jason Peragallo, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
35 Junctional Scotoma from a Sellar MassThis is a case of a 55-year-old woman presenting with gradual painless vision loss in both eyes. Although visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes, there was a left relative afferent pupillary defect and diffuse pallor of both optic nerves (Figure 1). Visual fields (24-2 SITA-Fast) showed a temporal def...Jonathan A. Micieli, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
36 Large Frontal Meningioma with Mass Effect and Increased Intracranial PressureThis is a case of frontal meningioma presenting with raised intracranial pressure and bilateral papilledema responsible for visual loss. Figure 1: Goldmann visual field of the left eye. In the right eye, there was no response to the V4e. The visual field is severely constricted in the left eye. Fig...Rabih Hage, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
37 Large Right Hypophyseal Aneurysm Causing a Junctional ScotomaRight, multi-lobulated superior hypophyseal artery aneurysm measuring 1.6 x 1.2 x 2.2 cm with 6 mm neck causing a right junctional scotoma . Images from a brain CT with contrast, a brain CT angiography with contrast, cerebral angiogram, Humphrey visual fields and ocular fundus photographs are includ...Laurel N. Vuong, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
38 Large Sellar and Suprasellar Mass (Pituitary Macroadenoma) With Left Third Nerve Palsy and Left Optic Tract CompressionA case of a large sellar and suprasellar pituitary macroadenoma with an associated left third nerve palsy and left optic tract compression. Images from an MRI of the brain with contrast illustrate the imaging characteristics and extent of the tumor. Figure 1 : Humphrey Visual Fields (24-2 SITA-Fast)...Devin D. Mackay, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
39 Malignant Hypertension With Bilateral Optic Nerve EdemaThis is a case of malignant hypertension and severe hypertensive retinopathy. A 30-year-old woman with headache and vision loss in the left eye was found to have a markedly elevated blood pressure of 205/100. CT head without contrast showed acute hemorrhage in the right temporal-occipital junction a...Rahul A. Sharma, MD, MPH; Michael Dattilo, MD, PhD; Valérie Biousse, MD
40 Metastatic Ovarian Cancer to the Left Occipital Lobe With Complete Right Homonymous HemianopiaA case of metastatic ovarian cancer to the left occipital lobe with a complete right homonymous hemianopia. Humphrey visual fields as well as images from an MRI of the brain are included. Figure 1 : Humphrey visual fields showing a complete right homonymous hemianopia Figure 2 : MRI brain T1 axial...Devin D. Mackay, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
41 MRI Characteristics of Cavernous Sinus and Superior Ophthalmic Vein Septic ThrombosisSeptic left cavernous sinus and superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis, secondary to left maxillary tooth abscess. MRI characteristics. Figure 1 : MRI Orbits (Coronal T2 with fat suppression) : Left periorbital edema (increased T2 signal, yellow arrows) extends inferiorly along the premalar tissues to ...Devin D. Mackay, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
42 MRI Findings in Giant Cell ArteritisCase 1. An 80-year-old Caucasian woman presented with a 10-day history of headaches, intermittent binocular diplopia, and jaw pain. Temporal artery biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of giant cell arteritis. MRI with contrast showed enhancement of bilateral optic nerve sheaths in addition to enhancement o...Wael A. Alsakran, MD; Andre Aung, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
43 MRI Findings in Gliomatosis CerebriSingle case of gliomatosis cerebri identified on mulltiple MRI images pre- and post-contrast administration with axial and coronal views. Figure 1 : Axial brain MRI (T2) - Diffusely thickened and T2 hyperintense area (yellow arrows) centered within the genu of the corpus callosum with extension into...Jason Peragallo, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
44 MRI Findings in Optic Nerve and Chiasmal Glioma in ChildhoodMultiple cases of optic pathway gliomas are demonstrated using MRI imaging. The optic pathway gliomas are identified at multiple points in the optic pathways. Figure 1 : Patient 1: Axial orbital MRI (T1 postcontrast with fat suppression) showing thickening and enhancement of the right optic nerve a...Jason Peragallo, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
45 Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG) - Antibody Optic NeuritisThis is an illustrated guide to the clinical diagnosis of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-antibody optic neuritis. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is a glycoprotein on the surface of myelin and is found exclusively in the central nervous system (CNS). MOG likely mediates a comple...Bryce Buchowicz, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
46 NeurosarcoidosisThis is an illustrated guide to the clinical diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disorder characterized by non-caseating granulomas. It can affect multiple organ systems including the lungs, skin, orbit, and brain. When there is central nervous system (CNS) ...Bryce Buchowicz, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
47 Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION) With Segmental Optic Disc EdemaA 75-year old white woman with hypertension and diabetes presented with a 1 week history of vision loss in the right eye. Dilated fundus examination revealed superior segmental optic disc edema in the right eye and a small, crowded optic disc in the left eye known as a "disc-at-risk" (Figure 1). Int...Jonathan A. Micieli, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
48 Nonfunctiong Pituitary Adenoma with Chiasmal CompressionThis is a case of large non-functioning pituitary adenoma with mass effect on the optic chiasm inducing loss of optic nerve fibers and subsequent visual field. Figure 1: Fundus photographs demonstrating bilateral temporal optic nerve head pallor Figure 2: Humphrey visual fields demonstrating a bitem...William Pearce, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
49 Normal Retinal AnatomyNormal posterior vitreous, retinal and chroroidal anatomy (pictures, fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography). Figure 1: Normal fundus photograph of the left eye o a : Optic disc and fovea o b : Foveal reflex in young patients o c : Macular and foveal areas share the same center o d...Rabih Hage, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
50 Occipital Hemorrhagic Infarction Secondary to Bacterial Endocarditis-Congruent Homonymous Scotomatous Hemianopic DefectMRI features of occipital hemorrhage secondary to bacterial endocarditis Figure 1 : Humphrey visual fields showing a congruent homonymous scotomatous hemianopic defect Figure 2 : axial gradient echo T2*w brain MRI Figure 3 : axial T1w and T2w brain MRI Figure 4 : axial postcontrast T1w brain MRISamuel Bidot, MD; Amit M. Saindane, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD
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