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TitleDescriptionSubject
1 + HIT, + Skew, Unidirectional Nystagmus: Central Acute Vestibular Syndrome Due to Wallenberg SyndromeThis is a 45-year-old woman who presented to the ED with acute prolonged vertigo and vertical diplopia. She was seen as an outpatient 1 month after her ED visit, and double vision and balance were improving by that time. Her HINTS testing showed the following (seen in the video): 1) Head Impulse - A...VOR HIT Abnormal; Abnormal Alignment; Skew; Jerk Nystagmus; Vestibular Nystagmus; Acute Vestibular Nystagmus
2 Acute Vestibular Syndrome With Skew Deviation and Positive Head Impulse Test Due to a Demyelinating LesionThis is a patient who initially presented with the acute vestibular syndrome (AVS, e.g., acute prolonged vertigo, spontaneous nystagmus). ; See https://collections.lib.utah.edu/details?id=187730 for additional history. ; Her HINTS (Head Impulse, Nystagmus, Test of Skew) testing indicated a central e...VOR HIT; Alignment; Acute Vestibular
3 Acute Vestibular Syndrome with Ocular Tilt Reaction Due to Bacterial LabyrinthitisThis is a patient who initially presented with the acute vestibular syndrome (AVS, e.g., acute prolonged vertigo, spontaneous nystagmus) and right sided hearing loss, and was diagnosed with bacterial labyrinthritis. Her HINTS (Head Impulse, Nystagmus, Test of Skew) testing indicated a central etiolo...VOR HIT; Alignment; Jerk Nystagmus; Vestibular Nystagmus; Acute Vestibular
4 Alternating Hypertropias - Bilateral 4th Nerve Palsies and Alternating Skew Deviation𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Seen here are two patients with alternating hypertropias. The first is a 70-year-old woman with a diagnosis of cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS). In the video, both spontaneous downbeat...Skew Deviation; Alignment; Fourth Nerve Palsy; Cerebellar Pathology; Jerk Nystagmus; Downbeat Nystagmus; Gaze Evoked Nystagmus
5 Central HINTS (With an Abnormal Head Impulse Sign) in the Acute Vestibular Syndrome Due to Lateral Pontine/Middle Cerebellar Peduncle Demyelination𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 30-year-old man presenting with vertigo, diplopia and mild left facial weakness (not seen in the video). On exam, there was right-beating nystagmus (RBN) in primary gaze that increased in right gaze (in accordan...Abnormal Alignment; Vestibulocochlear; OMS Pons; Rotary Nystagmus; Vestibular Nystagmus; Acute Vestibular Nystagmus; Jerk Nystagmus; VOR HIT Abnormal
6 Convergence Insufficiency and Square Wave Jerks in PSP𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 70-yo-woman with progressive supranuclear palsy with complaints of difficulty reading. Her husband noticed that she would frequently close one eye when attempting to read, and words were not clear on the page, a...Convergence; Alignment; Convergence Insufficiency; Square Wave Jerks
7 Divergence Insufficiency in Cerebellar AtaxiaThis is a 65-yo woman with complaints of imbalance (progressive over years) and horizontal diplopia at distance. On her exam, there was a small symptomatic esotropia at distance, but only a small esophoria at near. There were no obvious abduction deficits, and the 6 prism diopter ET at distance was...Abnormal Alignment; Divergence Insufficiency; OMS Cerebellar
8 Eye Signs in Infantile Esotropia - Latent Nystagmus and Inferior Oblique Overaction𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 25-yo-man with a history of amblyopia and intermittent eye crossing. On exam, he had a comitant 25 prism diopter esotropia, and other features of infantile (or congenital) esotropia including: latent nystagmus (...Jerk Nystagmus; Latent Nystagmus; Abnormal Range; Assessing Abnormal Alignment
9 Impaired Smooth Pursuit and Other Characteristic Ocular Motor Findings in Middle Cerebellar Peduncle Stroke𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 50-year-old woman who underwent resection of a left-sided acoustic neuroma, and post-operatively, she had vertigo, binocular diplopia, left hemi-ataxia and severe gait ataxia. MR diffusion weighted imaging demon...Abnormal Pursuit; VOR-HIT Abnormal; Abnormal Alignment; Vestibulocochlear Nerve; OMS Pons; Jerk Nystagmus; Gaze-Evoked Nystagmus; Bruns Nystagmus; Vestibular Nystagmus; Acute Vestibular Syndrome
10 Latent Nystagmus and DVD in Infantile EsotropiaThis is a 20-year-old woman with infantile esotropia (s/p strabismus surgery as a child) who demonstrated latent nystagmus and presumed dissociated vertical deviation (DVD) OS, which are commonly seen with infantile esotropia (also inferior oblique overaction and monocular nasotemporal asymmetry to ...Alignment Abnormal; Jerk Nystagmus; Latent Nystagmus
11 Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus Syndrome with Prominent Spontaneous Nystagmus𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 60-year-old man who experienced the abrupt onset of diplopia and imbalance. He had typical features of a left medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) syndrome including left internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) and l...INO; Jerk Nystagmus; Upbeat Nystagmus; Rotary Nystagmus; Skew Deviation; OMS Pons; Abnormal Alignment; Abducting Nystagmus
12 Mesodiencephalic Stroke Causing Unilateral riMLF and INC Ocular Motor Syndromes𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 65-year-old man who experienced the sudden onset of diplopia (with horizontal and vertical components), dysarthria and imbalance. An MRI performed the following day showed a left mesodiencephalic stroke. The pat...Abnormal Saccades; Abnormal Alignment; Mesencephalon; Jerk Nystagmus; Torsional Nystagmus
13 Mild 6th Nerve Palsy Due to Pontine StrokeThis is a 70-year-old woman with HTN and diabetes who presented with horizontal diplopia for several weeks, worse in right gaze. There was a very subtle abduction paresis OD with full motility elsewhere. With cover-uncover testing, there was a small esotropia in right gaze (esodeviation seen with al...Abnormal Alignment; Abnormal Range; Sixth Nerve Palsy
14 Paroxysmal Ocular Tilt Reaction𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 60-year-old woman who 2 years prior experienced a left sided hypertensive hemorrhagic stroke, resulting in right hemiparesis, dysarthria and vertical diplopia. The initial vertical diplopia resolved completely a...Midbrain OMS; Skew Deviation; Jerk Nystagmus; Abnormal Alignment
15 Sagging Eye Syndrome and Cerebellar Disease in Divergence Insufficiency𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 70-year-old woman who presented with diplopia at distance. Her exam demonstrated orthophoria at near with a fairly comitant 8-10 PD esotropia at distance without abduction paresis, consistent with divergence ins...Abnormal Alignment; OMS Cerebellar; Jerk Nystagmus; Gaze Evoked Nystagmus; Divergence Insufficiency
16 Sequelae of Cerebellar Hemorrhage - Gaze-evoked Nystagmus, Alternating Skew Deviation and Palatal TremorThis is a 75-yo-woman presenting with a gait disorder. Two years prior, she suffered a cerebellar hemorrhage. On examination, there were typical cerebellar ocular motor signs including gaze-evoked nystagmus, choppy smooth pursuit and VOR suppression, and saccadic dysmetria. There was also an alterna...Assessing Abnormal Alignment; Jerk Nystagmus; Gaze Evoked Nystagmus; Oculopalatal Myoclonus
17 Skew Deviation and Spontaneous Nystagmus Due to Posterior Fossa LesionsThis is a 50-year-old woman who reported the abrupt onset of imbalance, right upper extremity incoordination and binocular vertical diplopia several months prior to her presentation to our clinic. On examination, she had a left hypertropia that was fairly comitant (measuring 5 prism diopters) assoc...Abnormal Alignment; Jerk Nystagmus; Upbeat Nystagmus; Vestibular Nystagmus; Rotary Nystagmus; Skew Deviation
18 Spontaneous Torsional Nystagmus and Ocular Tilt Reaction𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 70-year-old man who experienced "a delay in focusing" with "some twisting movement" that began about 18 months prior to this video with mild progression over days or weeks. For the same period of time, he experi...Jerk Nystagmus; Rotary Nystagmus; Abnormal Alignment
19 Superior Oblique Myokymia - Three Patients with Recorded Attacks Using VOG and Frenzel Goggles𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Patients with superior oblique myokymia (SOM) commonly present with complaints of monocular oscillopsia and/or vertical diplopia, which are related to the primary and secondary actions of the SO (incycloduction and depres...Superior Oblique Myokymia; Fourth Troclear Nerve; Abnormal Alignment
20 Test Your Knowledge - Acute Prolonged VertigoThis is a 60-year old man with diabetes presenting with acute onset prolonged vertigo that was ongoing at the time of this examination. Which of the following statements are true with regard to the localization and/or etiology of this patient's symptoms? A. Whether or not symptoms worsen with head ...Abnormal Alignment; Jerk Nystagmus; Vestibular Nystagmus; Acute Vestibular Syndrome; Video Head Impulse Test
21 Test Your Knowledge - Bilateral 4th Nerve PalsiesWatch the video until instructed to stop. Which of the following features is likely to be present given her exam findings? A. Gaze-evoked nystagmus and impaired smooth pursuit B. History of traumatic brain injury C. History of blepharoplasty or brow lift surgery and prominence of superior sulcus on ...Abnormal Alignment; Fourth Nerve; Trochlear Nerve
22 Test Your Knowledge - Vertical-Torsional NystagmusQuestion #1: Watch the first portion of the video until you are told to stop. Is this vestibular nystagmus more likely to be peripheral or central? A. Peripheral B. Central Answer for #1: A. Incorrect. While the patient has upbeat-torsional (top poles beating toward the right ear) nystagmus which is...Jerk Nystagmus; Rotary Nystagmus; Upbeat Nystagmus; INO; Skew; Abnormal Alignment; Abnormal Saccades; Vestibular Nystagmus; Acute Vestibular Syndrome
23 The Acute Vestibular Syndrome with Skew Deviation, Gaze-evoked Nystagmus, and Bilaterally Abnormal Head Impulse Testing Due to AICA StrokeThis is a 60-year-old man with the acute onset of prolonged vertigo and nystagmus, consistent with the acute vestibular syndrome (AVS). HINTS (Head Impulse, Nystagmus, Test of Skew) exam demonstrated a central pattern: 1) Head impulse test (HIT) was abnormal to the right and to the left. An abnormal...Abnormal VOR-HIT; Abnormal Alignment; Skew; Jerk Nystagmus; Gaze Evoked Nystagmus; Acute Vestibular Syndrome; Seventh Nerve; OMS Pons; OMS Cerebellar
24 Vestibular Neuritis with a Peripheral Skew Deviation𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 55-year-old hypertensive man who developed acute onset continuous vertigo and presented to the Emergency Department (ED) after several hours of symptoms. He was noted to have spontaneous nystagmus and had a nor...Abnormal VOR; Abnormal Alignment; Eighth Nerve; Skew Deviation; Lateropulsion; Jerk Nystagmus; Vestibular Nystagmus; Acute Vestibular Syndrome
25 Wallenberg Syndrome in MS𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: 30-yo-woman with MS presenting with acute vertigo and vertical diplopia. Examination demonstrated several aspects of the Wallenberg syndrome (her acute demyelinating lesion was in the left lateral medulla): ipsilesional (...Vestibulo-ocular Reflex; Head Impulse Testing; Abnormal Alignment; Lateropulsion; Wallenberg Syndrome; Medulla; Vestibular Nystagmus; Skew Deviation
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