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Title | Description | Creator |
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Checkboard Visual Field Loss Due to Bilateral Homonymous Hemianopsias | A 70-year-old man with vascular risk factors was seen for assessment of sudden visual field loss in both eyes. His examination showed: visual acuity: 20/20 OD and 20/25 OS; pupils: equal with no relative afferent pupillary defect; color vision: 14/14 plates correct OU; anterior segment exam: normal ... | Rahul A. Sharma, MD, MPH; Valérie Biousse, MD |
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Cotton Wool Spots in Giant Cell Arteritis | This is a case of cotton wool spots in a patient with temporal artery-biopsy proven temporal arteritis.; ; A 66-year-old woman presents with isolated painless vision loss related to a left optic neuropathy in her left eye. She denies systemic symptoms to suggest giant cell arteritis.; Her examinatio... | Rahul A. Sharma, MD, MPH; Valérie Biousse, MD |
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Optic Disc Edema and Pseudoedema | A presentation covering how to approach optic disc edema, including clinical characteristics and the distinction of pseudoedema. | Rahul A. Sharma, MD, MPH; Valérie Biousse, MD |
4 |
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Optic Disc Melanocytoma | A 26-year-old woman was seen for assessment of an asymptomatic optic nerve abnormality in her left eye. Her examination showed normal afferent visual function: visual acuity: 20/30 OD and 20/25 OS; PH 20/20 OU; pupils: no relative afferent pupil defect; color vision: 14/14 plates correct OU. Humphre... | Rahul A. Sharma, MD, MPH; Valérie Biousse, MD |
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Coexisting Thyroid Eye Disease and Myasthenia Gravis | A case of coexisting thyroid orbitopathy and myasthenia gravis. External photographs of the eyes and eyelids, as well as images from an MRI of the orbits, are included. Figure 1 : External photograph of eyes showing right lid retraction and left upper lid ptosis. Figure 2 : External photograph of ... | Devin D. Mackay, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD |
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Ocular Fundus Examination | Review of various techniques of ocular fundus examination, including direct ophthalmoscopy, binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy, slit lamp binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy, and fundus photography. Advantages and disadvantages of each technique are discussed. | Devin D. Mackay, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD |
7 |
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Posterior Circulation Infarctions Secondary to a Post Traumatic Vertebral Artery Dissection | A case of a young man with a vertebral artery dissection that caused multiple posterior circulation brain infarcts. Images from an MRI of the brain, digital subtraction angiography, and Humphrey visual fields are included. Figure 1 : Humphrey visual fields showed a right homonymous hemianopia with ... | Devin D. Mackay, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD |
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Bilateral Lens Subluxation in Marfan Syndrome | This is a case of known Marfan syndrome with bilateral progressive visual loss. The ocular examination showed bilateral lens dislocation. Figure 1a: Typical superonasal lens subluxation in both eyes Figure 1b: The arrows show the inferior edges of the lenses Figure 2: Optical section of the lenses u... | Rabih Hage, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD |
9 |
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Occipital Hemorrhagic Infarction Secondary to Bacterial Endocarditis-Congruent Homonymous Scotomatous Hemianopic Defect | MRI features of occipital hemorrhage secondary to bacterial endocarditis Figure 1 : Humphrey visual fields showing a congruent homonymous scotomatous hemianopic defect Figure 2 : axial gradient echo T2*w brain MRI Figure 3 : axial T1w and T2w brain MRI Figure 4 : axial postcontrast T1w brain MRI | Samuel Bidot, MD; Amit M. Saindane, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD |
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Occipital Infarction with Incomplete Congruent Homonymous Hemianopia | CT appearance of a remote occipital infarction. Congruent homonymous hemianopia. | Samuel Bidot, MD; Amit M. Saindane, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD |
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Cavernous Sinus Meningioma Extending into the Orbital Apex | Septic left cavernous sinus and superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis, secondary to left maxillary tooth abscess. MRI characteristics Figure 1 : MRI Orbits (Coronal T2 with fat suppression) : Left periorbital edema (increased T2 signal, yellow arrows) extends inferiorly along the premalar tissues to t... | Supharat Jariyakosol, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD |
12 |
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Sturge-Weber Syndrome | A case of Sturge-Weber syndrome (Encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis) with angiomas that involve the leptomeninges, and the skin of the ipsilateral hemiface, associated with congenital glaucoma in the same eye. Various illustrations are included to demonstrate the port wine stain, enlarged optic nerve ... | Supharat Jariyakosol, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD |
13 |
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MRI Findings in Gliomatosis Cerebri | Single case of gliomatosis cerebri identified on mulltiple MRI images pre- and post-contrast administration with axial and coronal views. Figure 1 : Axial brain MRI (T2) - Diffusely thickened and T2 hyperintense area (yellow arrows) centered within the genu of the corpus callosum with extension into... | Jason Peragallo, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD |
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MRI Findings in Optic Nerve and Chiasmal Glioma in Childhood | Multiple cases of optic pathway gliomas are demonstrated using MRI imaging. The optic pathway gliomas are identified at multiple points in the optic pathways. Figure 1 : Patient 1: Axial orbital MRI (T1 postcontrast with fat suppression) showing thickening and enhancement of the right optic nerve a... | Jason Peragallo, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD |
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Orbital and Cavernous Sinus Involvement by Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus | A single case of the effects of herpes zoster is demonstrated using external photographs and MRI imaging. The effects demonstrated include the typical dermatomal rash as well as extraocular muscle invovlement and cavernous sinus involvement. Figure 1 : External photograph of dermatomal rash and s... | Jason Peragallo, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD |
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Anterior and Posterior Scleritis | A case of anterior and posterior scleritis secondary to idiopathic orbital inflammation, also known as orbital pseudotumor. Various imaging modalities are included to demonstrate optic disc edema, macular edema, and fluid in tenon's capsule which may be seen in posterior scleritis. Figure 1 : Exter... | Joshua Levinson, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD |
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Terson Syndrome and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage | A case of Terson syndrome resulting with subarachnoid hemorrhage and right vitreous hemorrhage resulting from a left pericallosal artery aneurysm. Figure 1 : External photograph of right eye demonstrates blunted red reflex secondary to vitreous hemorrhage Figure 2 : External photograph of left eye d... | Joshua Levinson, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD |
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Terson Syndrome With Cranial Nerve 3 Palsy Due to Subarachnoid Hemorrhage from Arteriovenous Malformation and Aneurysmal Rupture | A case of Terson syndrome due to AVM and posteral cerebral aneurysm. The patient developed a left CN3 palsy due to hematoma involving the left midbrain. Figure 1 : External photograph of right eye demonstrates blunted red reflex secondary to vitreous hemorrhage Figure 2 : External photograph of lef... | Joshua Levinson, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD |
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Anatomy of the Orbits on CT and MRI | MRI and CT imaging of the orbit. | Valérie Biousse, MD |
20 |
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Enophthalmos from Breast Cancer Metastasis to the Orbit | Right painful ophthalmoplegia with right enophthalmos secondary to breast cancer metastasis to the right orbit. | Valérie Biousse, MD |
21 |
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Direct Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula | A 40-year-old man presented with decreased vision and redness in his left eye. He had a significant trauma to the left side of his face about one year ago, but did not seek medical attention. External examination showed significant proptosis of the left eye (Figure 1) and conjunctival injection and ... | Jonathan A. Micieli, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD |
22 |
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Ganglion Cell Layer Analysis by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) | A normal optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the macula is shown (Figure 1) and the various layers of the retina are labelled (Figure 2). The cell bodies of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) are located in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) of the retina and mostly synapse in the lateral geniculate nucleus ... | Jonathan A. Micieli, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD |
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Incipient Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION) Evolving to Symptomatic NAION | A 54-year old woman with hypertension was seen in neuro-ophthalmology consultation for asymptomatic left optic disc edema. She had a small, crowded optic disc in the right eye known as a "disc-at-risk" (Figure 1). Her visual function including 24-2 SITA-Fast Humphrey visual fields were normal in bot... | Jonathan A. Micieli, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD |
24 |
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Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION) With Segmental Optic Disc Edema | A 75-year old white woman with hypertension and diabetes presented with a 1 week history of vision loss in the right eye. Dilated fundus examination revealed superior segmental optic disc edema in the right eye and a small, crowded optic disc in the left eye known as a "disc-at-risk" (Figure 1). Int... | Jonathan A. Micieli, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD |
25 |
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Optic Nerve Sheath Meningioma | This is a case of an optic nerve sheath meningioma (ONSM) in a 56-year-old woman who presented with gradual, painless vision loss in her left eye. Optic disc photos at presentation showed temporal pallor of the left optic nerve (Figure 1) and Cirrus optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the retinal ... | Jonathan A. Micieli, MD; Valérie Biousse, MD |