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1 Normann, Richard A.Oscillations in rod and horizontal cell membrane potential: evidence for feed-back to rods in the vertebrate retina1. Rods and horizontal cells were studied with intracellular recordings in the retina of the toad, Bufo marinus; 161 cells were from the eyecup preparation and thirty were from the isolated perfused retina. 2. Of these cells, 39% exhibited either transient or sustained oscillations of membrane poten...Retina; Photoreceptors; Toads; Adaptation, Ocular1976
2 Gesteland, Raymond F.Processing of adenovirus 2-induced proteinsAnalysis of (35)S-methionine-labeled extracts of adenovirus 2-infected KB cells revealed 22 virus-induced polypeptide components. Most proteins of the virion were easily detected in extracts of whole cells labeled for short periods between 15 and 30 h after infection; however, several virion compone...Adenoviridae; Viral Proteins; Protein Precursors; Methionine; Mouth Neoplasms1973
3 Angelucci, Alessandra; Lund, Jennifer S.Circuits for local and global signal integration in primary visual cortexContrast-dependent changes in spatial summation and contextual modulation of primary visual cortex (V1) neuron responses to stimulation of their receptive field reveal long-distance integration of visual signals within V1, well beyond the classical receptive field (cRF) of single neurons. To identif...Primary Visual Cortex; Extrastriate Cortex; Feed-back Connections; Lateral Connections; SUrround Modulation; Macaque2002-10-01
4 Normann, Richard A.; Campbell, Patrick K.; Jones, Kelly E.; Huber, Robert J.; Horch, Kenneth W.Silicon-based, three-dimensional neural interface: manufacturing processes for an intracortical electrode arrayA method has been developed for the manufacture of a "three-dimensional" electrode array geometry for chronic intracortical stimulation. This silicon based array consists of a 4.2 x 4.2 x 0.12 mm thick monocrystalline substrate, from which project 100 conductive, silicon needles sharpened to facilit...Electric Stimulation; Electrodes, Implanted; Sensory Cortex; Intracortical Electrode Array1991
5 Normann, Richard A.; Johansson,Torbjorn; Abbasi, Masoud; Huber, Robert J.Three-dimensional architecture for a parallel processing photosensing arrayA three-dimensional architecture for a photosensing array has been developed. This silicon based architecture consists of a 10 x 10 array of photosensors with 80 microns diameter, through chip interconnects to the back side of a 500 microns thick silicon wafer. Each photosensor consists of a 300 x 3...Retina; Optics; Silicon; Photosensing1992
6 Normann, Richard A.; Jones, Kelly E.Advanced demultiplexing system for physiological stimulationA CMOS very large scale integration (VLSI) chip has been designed and built to implement a scheme developed for multiplexing/demultiplexing the signals required to operate an intracortical stimulating electrode array. Because the use of radio telemetry in a proposed system utilizing this chip may im...Electrode Array; Stimulation; Telemetry; Microelectrodes; Transistors1997
7 Normann, Richard A.; Kolb, Helga; Lasater, Eric M.Signal integration at the pedicle of turtle cone photoreceptors: an anatomical and electrophysiological studyThe morphology of the axon which connects the cell body and pedicle of turtle cone photoreceptors was studied by light and electron microscopy. The axon which contains numerous synaptic vesicles, some endoplasmic reticulum, and a few cisternae is basically filled with cytoplasm. The length of the ax...Cone Photoreceptor, Voltage Clamp; Isolated Cells; Input Resistance; Cell Body-Pedicle Coupling1989
8 Normann, Richard A.; Muller, Jay F.; Kolb, HelgaSynaptic inputs to physiologically defined turtle retinal ganglion cellsTwo physiologically distinct, HRP-marked turtle retinal ganglion cells were examined for their morphology, GABAergic, glycinergic, and bipolar cell synaptic inputs, using electron-microscopic autoradiography and postembedding immunocytochemistry. One cell was a color-opponent, transient ON/OFF gangl...Turtles; Neural Pathways; Synapes; Retinal Ganglion Cells1991
9 Normann, Richard A.; Shah, Maulik R.Study of printed spiral coils for neuroprosthetic transcranial telemetry applicationsWe have explored the use of printed spiral coils (PSC's) for neuroprosthetic transcranial telemetry applications. We fabricated two-dimensional PSC's on a thin (25 microns) polyimide substrate using copper (35 microns) as a conducting material. All the coils had a fixed inner diameter of 1.0 cm. We ...Blindness; Neuroprosthesis; Transcranial Telemetry System; Prosthesis Design1998
10 Normann, Richard A.Control of retinal sensitivity. I. Light and dark adaptation of vertebrate rods and conesRods and cones in Necturus respond with graded hyperpolarization to test flashes spanning about 3.5 log units of intensity. Steady background levels hyperpolarize the rods, and the rod responses become progressively smaller as background level is increased. In cones, higher background levels reduce...Retina;Light and Dark Adaptation; Recepters; Bipolars; Ganglion Cells1974
11 Gesteland, Raymond F.; Weiss, Robert B.Efficient shine- Dalgarno sequence but not translation is necessary for LacZ mRNA stability in Escherichia coliThe 5' ends of many bacterial transcripts are important in determining mRNA stability. A series of Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence changes showed that the complementarity of the SD sequence to the anti-SD sequence of 16S rRNA correlates with lacZ mRNA stability in Escherichia coli. Several initiation c...Protein Biosynthesis; Ribosomes; Escherichia coli; Shine-Dalgarno Sequence1994
12 Hansen, Mark S.; Healy, Lindsey J.; Johnson, Christopher R.; Capecchi, Mario R.; Keller, Charles; Jones, Greg M.Virtual histology of transgenic mouse embryos for high-throughput phenotyping.A bold new effort to disrupt every gene in the mouse genome necessitates systematic, interdisciplinary approaches to analyzing patterning defects in the mouse embryo. We present a novel, rapid, and inexpensive method for obtaining high-resolution virtual histology for phenotypic assessment of mouse ...Forkhead Transcription Factors; Paired Box Transcription Factors2006
13 Gesteland, Raymond F.; Atkins, John F.; Felden, Brice; McCutcheon, John P.Probing the structure of the Escherichia coli 10Sa RNA (tmRNA)The conformation of the Escherichia coli 10Sa RNA (tmRNA) in solution was investigated using chemical and enzymatic probes. Single- and double-stranded domains were identified by hydrolysis of tmRNA in imidazole buffer and by lead(II)-induced cleavages. Ribonucleases T1 and S1 were used to map unpai...Covariation; Pseudoknot; Structural Probing; 10Sa RNA; tmRNA1997
14 Normann, Richard A.Functional reorganization of primary visual cortex induced by electrical stimulation in the cat.Compared to the high degree of plasticity observed in a juvenile, mature sensory cortices have long been held to be immutable but, recently, researchers have suggested some plasticity persists in the mature cortex. Cortical reorganization has particular saliency to the development of a cortically ba...Cat; Electrophysiology; Phosphene; Plasticity; Receptive Field; Striate Cortex2005
15 Gesteland, Raymond F.; Atkins, John F.Frameshifting in gene 10 of bacteriophage T7Gene 10 of bacteriophage T7, which encodes the most abundant capsid protein, has two products: a major product, 10A (36 kDa), and a minor product, 10B (41 kDa). 10B is produced by frameshifting into the -1 frame near the end of the 10A coding frame and is incorporated into the capsid. The frameshift...Frameshifting; Bacteriophage T7; RNA, Viral; Gene Expression1991
16 Normann, Richard A.; Shoham, ShyEncoding mechanisms for sensory neurons studied with a multielectrode array in the cat dorsal root ganglionRecent advances in microelectrode array technology now permit a direct examination of the way populations of sensory neurons encode information about a limb's position in space. To address this issue, we recorded nerve impulses from about 100 single units simultaneously in the L6 and L7 dorsal root ...Sensory; Encoding; Multielectrode; Dorsal Root Ganglion; Cutaneour; Muscle2004
17 Gesteland, Raymond F.; Ives, Jeffrey T.; Stockham, Thomas G.Automated film reader for DNA sequencing based on homomorphic deconvolutionAn automated reader for electrophoresis based DNA sequencing methods is described that provides fast and accurate sequence determination. Digitized sequencing lanes are processed with homomorphic blind deconvolution in preparation for peak detection, interlane alignment, peak refinement and base cal...Sequence Analysis; Electrophoresis; Automated Film Reader; Homomorphic Deconvolution1994
18 Normann, Richard A.; Maynard, Edwin M.Neuronal interactions improve cortical population coding of movement directionInteractions among groups of neurons in primary motor cortex (MI) may convey information about motor behavior. We investigated the information carried by interactions in MI of macaque monkeys using a novel multielectrode array to record simultaneously from 12-16 neurons during an arm-reaching task. ...Motor Cortex; Monkey; Population Coding; Movement1999
19 Normann, Richard A.Effects of background illumination on the photoresponses of red and green cones1. The photoresponses of light- and dark-adapted red and green cone photoreceptors were recorded intracellularly in the retina of the turtle, Pseduemys scripta elegans. Background illumination produced similar effects on both types of cones. 2. In response to the onset of a prolonged, steady backgro...Turtles; Adaptation, Ocular; Retina; Signal Transmission1979
20 Hendee, Shonn P.; Faour, Fouad A.; Christensen, Douglas A.; Patrick, Baharah; Durney, Carl H.; Blumenthal, Donald K.Effects of weak extremely low frequency magnetic fields on calcium/calmodulin interactions.Mechanisms by which weak electromagnetic fields may affect biological systems are of current interest because of their potential health effects. Lednev has proposed an ion parametric resonance hypothesis (Lednev, 1991, Bioelectromagnetics, 12:71-75), which predicts that when the ac, frequency of a c...Electromagnetic Fields; Calcium-binding Proteins; Lednev's Theory1996-06
21 Normann, Richard A.; Branner, AlmutLong-term stimulation and recording with a penetrating microelectrode array in cat sciatic nerveWe studied the consequences of long-term implantation of a penetrating microelectrode array in peripheral nerve over the time course of 4-6 mo. Electrode arrays without lead wires were implanted to test the ability of different containment systems to protect the array and nerve during contractions o...Cats; Microelectrodes; Prosthesis Implantation; Sciatic Nerve2004
22 Normann, Richard A.; Clark, Gregory A.; McDonnall, DanielSelective motor unit recruitment via intrafascicular multielectrode stimulationRecruitment of force via independent asynchronous firing of large numbers of motor units produces the grace and endurance of physiological motion. We have investigated the possibility of reproducing this physiological recruitment strategy by determining the selectivity of access to large numbers of ...Funtional Neuromuscular Stimulation; Microelectrode Array; Neuroprosthesis; Intrafascicular Multielectrode Stimulation; Cats2004
23 Gesteland, Raymond F.; Atkins, John F.; Tuohy, Therese M.Uninterrupted translation through putative 12-nucleotide coding gap in sequence of carA: business as usualPrevious work of others reported an untranslated stretch of 12 nucleotides in the 5' coding sequence of carA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, N-terminal protein sequencing of carA-lacZ translational fusions shows that these 12 nucleotides are normally translated in a continuous triplet manner, ...Base Sequence; Protein Biosynthesis; Sequence Deletion1994
24 Normann, Richard A.; Maynard, Edwin M.Neural interface for a cortical vision prosthesisThe development of a cortically based vision prosthesis has been hampered by a lack of basic experiments on phosphene psychophysics. This basic research has been hampered by the lack of a means to safely stimulate large numbers of cortical neurons. Recently, a number of laboratories have developed a...Neuroprosthetics; Artificial Vision; Electrode Arrays; Multielectrode Recordings; Biocompatibility1999
25 Normann, Richard A.; Kolb, HelgaNeural organization of the retina of the turtle Mauremys caspica: a light microscope and Golgi studyThe organization of the retina of the turtle species Mauremys caspica, found in fresh water ponds of Israel, has been examined by light microscopical techniques including examination of fresh wholemount retina, one micron blue-stained vertical sections and Golgi-stained material. The anatomical find...Turtle Retina; Photoreceptors; Golgi Technique; Amarcine Cells1988
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