Filters: Publication Type:"journal article" Collection:"ir_uspace" Publisher:"University of Chicago Press" Format:"application/pdf"
| Title | Creator | Description | Subject | Date | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  | Shared norms and the evolution of ethnic markers | McElreath, Richard | Unlike other primates, human populations are often divided into ethnic groups that have self-ascribed membership and are marked by seemingly arbitrary traits such as distinctive styles of dress or speech (Barth 1969, 1981). The modern understanding that ethnic identities are flexible and ethnic bou... | Ethnic groups; Ethnic identity; Migration; Markers | 2003-02 |
| 2 |  | Group selection by selective emigration: the effects of migration and kin structure | Rogers, Alan R. | Group selection may operate through selective emigration, as Sewall Wright envisioned, as well as through selective extinction. The discrete-generation model of selective emigration developed here yields the following conclusions. 1. The fitness benefit of altruism, "depends on the frequency of altr... | Natural selection; selective extinction; evolution | 1990-03 |
| 3 |  | Hadza children's foraging: juvenile dependency, social arrangement and mobility among hunter-gatherers | Hawkes, Kristen | Presents a study on the foraging activities of Hadza children in Tanzania, Africa. Success of children's foraging; Determinants of children's foraging; Monitoring of the activities of children; Near-camp foraging return rates; Variables underlying the patterns of foraging. | Children; foraging; hazda; hunter-gatherers | 1995 |
| 4 |  | Hadza scavenging: implications for Plio/Pleistocene Hominid subsistence | Hawkes, Kristen | The frequent association of stone tools and large animal bones in African Plio/Pleistocene archaeological sites has long been taken as evidence of the importance of hunting in early hominid diets. Many now argue that it reflects hominid scavenging, not hunting. | Hadza; scavenging; plio/pleistocene; hominid diet | 1988-04 |
| 5 |  | Hadza women's time allocation, offspring provisioning, and the evolution of long postmenopausal life spans | Hawkes, Kristen | Extended provisioning of offspring and long postmenopausal life spans are characteristic of all modern humans but no other primates. These traits may have evolved in tandem. Analysis of relationships between women's time allocation and children's nutritional welfare among the Hadza of northern Tanza... | Child care; children, nutrition; life spans, biology; mother & child; primates; social structure; women; time management; hominids | 1997 |
| 6 |  | Herbert Simon's computational models of scientific discovery | Downes, Stephen M. | Herbert Simon's work on scientific discovery deserves serious attention by philosophers of science for several reasons. First, Simon was an early advocate of rational scientific discovery, contra Popper and logical empiricist philosophers of science (Simon 1966). This proposal spurred on investigati... | Android epistemology; Psychological processes; Cognitive individualism | 1990 |
| 7 |  | High statistics search for ultrahigh energy gamma-ray emission from Cygnus X-3 and Hercules X-1 | Kieda, David B. | We have carried out a high statistics (2 X 10 9 events) search for ultrahigh energy g-ray emission from the x-ray binary sources Cygnus X-3 and Hercules X-1. Using data taken with the CASA-MIA detector over a five year period (1990-1995), we find no evidence for steady emission from either source. T... | Cygnus X-3; Hercules X-1; Ultrahigh energy; X-rays | 1997 |
| 8 |  | Invasive sinonasal disease due to Scopulariopsis candida: case report and review of scopulariopsosis. | Kriesel, John D.; Gooch, Willis M.; Pavia, Andrew T. | Sinonasal infection with fungi of the order Mucorales--termed mucormycosis or zygomycosis--is sometimes seen in immunosuppressed patients, including those with diabetic ketoacidosis and malignancy. We describe a case of invasive sinonasal infection with Scopulariopsis candida (not among the Mucorale... | Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; Itraconazole; Maxillary Sinus | 1994 |
| 9 |  | Units of decision | Thalos, Mariam G. | I shall introduce the units of decision problem in the theory of decision, which as I shall explain is a sibling to the units of selection problem in evolutionary theory. And I shall present an argument to the effect that, contrary to Bayesian wisdom on the subject, undertaking decision in group set... | Decision theory; Collective will; Cooperation; Individualism | 1999-09 |
| 10 |  | Use of strain typing data to estimate bacterial transmission rates in healthcare settings | Adler, Frederick R.; Jackson, Brian Richard; Carroll, Karen C.; Samore, Matthew H. | OBJECTIVE: To create an affordable and accurate method for continuously monitoring bacterial transmission rates in healthcare settings. DESIGN: We present a discrete simulation model that relies on the relationship between in-hospital transmission rates and strain diversity. We also present a proof... | Strain typing; Infection control; Transmission model | 2005 |
| 11 |  | Trouble with superselection accounts of measurement | Thalos, Mariam G. | Argues that the superselection accounts of measurement exploit excess structure illegitimately and in the process become self-contradictory. Superselection rule in the quantum-mechanical treatment of phenomena; Representation of indicator states of detectors by eigenspaces of superselection operatio... | Superselection; Quantum mechanics | 1998-11 |
| 12 |  | Stumped by trees? A generalized null model for patterns of organismal diversity | Adler, Frederick R. | Evolutionary biologists increasingly have become interested in the factors determining the structure of phylogenetic trees. For example, highly asymmetric trees seem to suggest that the probability of extinction and/or speciation differs among lineages. | Evolutionary diversification; phylogenetic topologies; speciation | 1995 |
| 13 |  | Adaptive complexity and phenomenal consciousness | Nichols, Shaun | Focuses on epiphenomenalism problems in arguments about evolutionary function of phenomenal consciousness. Implications of cognitive neuropsychology evidence for the structure of phenomenal consciousness; Distinction of different kinds of epiphenominalist arguments; Provision of a developmental basi... | Cognitive neuroscience; Cognizant; Exceptional | 2001-09-11 |
| 14 |  | Age-rationing and the just distribution of health care: Is there a duty to die? | Battin, Margaret P. | The author analyzes the argument that a policy involving distributive justice in the allocation of scarce health care resources, based on the strategy of rational self interest maximation under a veil of ignorance (Rawls/Daniels), would result in an age rationing system of voluntary, socially encour... | Health care providers; Death; Euthanasia | 1987-01 |
| 15 |  | Ethnocentrism and xenophobia: a cross-cultural study | Cashdan, Elizabeth A. | Analyzes the factors influencing ethnic affiliation and interethnic hostility. Relationship between intraethnic loyalty and risk of famine; Continuity of violence at different levels of groupings; Analysis of local and intercommunity conflict. | Ethnic relations; ethnology | 2006-06-06 |
| 16 |  | Population differences in quantitative characters as opposed to gene frequencies | Rogers, Alan R. | Hypotheses about evolution can be tested by comparing genetics differences with those of quantitative characters. Such comparisons are one source of information concerning the forces that maintain variation among natural populations. | Genes; Evolution; Anthropology | 1986-05 |
| 17 |  | Food sharing among Ache hunter-gatherers of Eastern Paraguay | Hawkes, Kristen | Empirical research on food sharing among hunter-gatherers should provide critical data for evaluating both the possible role of food sharing in hominid evolution and the question of how such behavior could be selected. | Hunter-gatherers; ache; paraguay; anthropology | 1988-02 |
| 18 |  | Evolution of individuality by Leo W. Buss | Seger, Jon | Metazoans seldom reproduce vegetatively; they often die of cancer; and they almost always sequester their germ lines. Plants often reproduce vegetatively, seldom die of cancer, and almost never sequester a germ line. Buss argues that these and many other patterns can all be understood in a unified w... | Cell lines; Hierarchy; Biology | 1988 |
| 19 |  | Evolution of mating preferences and major histocompatibility complex genes | Potts, Wayne K. | House mice prefer mates genetically dissimilar at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The highly polymorphic MHC genes control immunological self/nonself recognition; therefore, this mating preference may function to provide "good genes" for an individual's offspring. However, the evidence ... | Inbreeding; Parasites; Recognition | 1999 |
| 20 |  | Evolution of water transport and xylem structure | Sperry, John S. | Land plants need water to replace the evaporation that occurs while atmospheric CO2 is diffusing into photosynthetic tissue. The water-for-carbon exchange rate is poor, and evolutionary history indicates a progression of innovations for cheap water transport--beginning in order with capillary sucti... | Cavitation; Vessels; Plants | 2003 |
| 21 |  | Experimental study of diffuse competition in harvester ants | Davidson, Diane W. | Experiments carried out over a 5-yr period in the Chihuahuan Desert support the a priori prediction of diffuse competition between two species of harvester ants. Despite dietary overlap between a large species {Pogonomyrmex rugosus) and a small species (Pheidole xerophila), the large species facilit... | Chihuahuan Desert; Ants; Facilitation; Resource allocation; Granivory | 1985 |
| 22 |  | Explanation in classical population genetics | Plutynski, Anya | The recent literature in Philosophy; of biology has drawn attention to the different sorts of explanations proffered in the biological sciences--we have molecular, biomedical, and evolutionary explanations. Do these explanations all have a common structure or relation that they seek to capture? This... | Biology, Philosophy;; Explanation; Genetics; Life sciences; Population genetics; Science | 2005-12 |
| 23 |  | Can females gain additional paternal investment by mating with multiple males? a game theoretic approach | McElreath, Richard | Although females may require only one mating to become inseminated, many female animals engage in costly mating with multiple males. One potential benefit of polyandrous mating is gaining parental investment from multiple males. We developed two game theoretic models to explore this possibility. Our... | Female multiple mating; Polyandry; Nonprocreative mating; Paternal investment; Mating benefits; Mating strategy | 2001-11 |
| 24 |  | Can scientific development and children's cognitive development be the same process? | Downes, Stephen M. | Assesses the value of the developmental psychology of science proposed by Alison Gopnik and Andrew Meltzoff to the understanding of scientific development. Role of distinctions between ontogeny and phylogeny when appealing to biology for theoretical support; Conception of cognition as a set of verid... | Cognition; Developmental psychology; Ontogeny; Phylogeny; Science, Philosophy | 2001-09-11 |
| 25 |  | Size variability in the worker caste of a social insect (veromessor pergandei mayr) as a function of the competitive environment | Davidson, Diane W. | Worker size polymorphism in colonies of Veromessor pergandei, a granivorous desert ant, is inversely related to the intensity of interspecific competition in the habitat for seven ant communities in the deserts of southern California and southern Arizona. Seed size preferences are positively corr... | Ants; Arizona; California; Coexistence; Communities; Density specialization; Desert granivores; Foraging strategies; Resource partitioning; Size | 1978 |